Evening Star Newspaper, July 19, 1931, Page 17

INTEREST IN AMERICAN ECONOMIC UNION KEEN Suggestion of Co-operation Among Re- publics, Employing Own Productive Forces, Widely Discussed. BY GASTON NERVAL. FEW weeks ago Minister of For- eign Affairs Planet of Chile A the possibility of an economic union of the American republics. Strongly indorsing the’ idea of custol unions in the Western Hemisphere, said “Present conditions prove the para- mount importance of inter-American economic co-operation in employing, with mutual advantage, our own pro- ductive forces. The great depression of fssusd a statement suggesting | serious crisis afficting today every one of the Latin American nations, as a consequence of the world-wide economic depression. ‘The factor last mentioned has prob- | ably had the greatest influence in bring- | | ing forth the idea of economic unions |among the countries of the Western ‘Heml.sphere. For the last two years| Latin America has been suffering from the effects of the world’s economic ill- | ness. In fact, it would not be venture- |some to say that some of the Latin American nations have been the hard- |est hit. One-crop countries most of THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JULY 19, 1931—PART TWO. world business Is destructive to our Vi- | them the decline in prices of the tality because we lack means of collec- | particular commodity in which their tive defense and because we 2ggravate | whole national economy was centered the internationally troubled situation |has cut in half the public and the witiy local barriers which our ancestors | private incomes, wrecked entirely the g already considered contrary to the | government's budget and resulted in 1unie welfare of the American con- a general business depression of un- Unent.” Soon afterward, probably encouraged by the favoreble reception his “trial balloon” met with in most of the Latin American capitals, the Chilean foreign minister sent out a note to the govern- ments of all those countries inviting them to an international conference for economic relief. Such conference, as I mentioned before in these columns, is supposed to deal with the critical economic prob- lems at present confronting nearly every ons of the Latin republics, with the triff arrangements which stand in the way of claser commercial interchange, and with the difficulties some of the neighboring countries are encountering in trying to meet their foreign financial | | usual characteristics. | “The sugar crisis in Cuba, the tin | erisis in Bolivia, the coffee crisis in | Brazil, poor agricultural conditions in | Argentina, financial complications in Peru, slow business in Colombia, and s0 on, are reported daily by the press. | Depending largely on the exports of | their chief natural products to cover their expenditures and meet their foreign obligations, the Latin republics | have been forced, by this uncontrol- lable decline in values, to cut down their budgets to a minimum, to create | new taxes, to compromise their credit and to face the gravest financial con- | ditions they have experienced in years. Poor Use of Funds. Furthermore, to the natural evils of T the busi isis which h t th 2 | the business crisis which has swept the Question Widely Discussed. | world at large, another factor has Ever since the first communique from | added to_the seriousness of the situa- the Chilean foreign office was carried | tion in Latin America. And that is by the wires to the front pages of influ- | the poor administration of the national entlal newspapers in the continent, funds by inexpert or dishonest regimes, statesmen and editorialists on both sides | which weré only recently overthrown. , of the Rio Grande have been discussing | The failure of the old regimes in han- i the odds and probable advantages of dling the economic problems, aggra- 1" reglonal economic pacts. Such interest | vated by government corruption, wa has naturally been increased with the | precisely the underlying cause of sev- ‘official call for a Latin American eco- | eral of the popular revolts which have conference which would be held | successfully taken place in Latin one of the Southern capitals next America during the last 12 months. September. The more so when this| Under such circumstances, in the ‘conference would precede by only a|midst of the worst crisis that Latin | month the general Fourth Pan-Ameri- | America has ever witnessed, it is not | can Commercial Conference convoked |strange to see the idea of economic co- Washington by the Pan-American it " Tha 1dea of regional economic unions ", Bmong countries of the New World was | 3 Arst mentioned some 20 years ago by S, the noted Argentine statistician, Alejan- | dro E. Bunge, His project of & South- | ¥ ern Customs Union, including five Latin | American republics, was further dev by the Chilean economists, Elio- doro Yanez and Guillermo Subercasaux. It is this_project, undoubtedly, which gave the Chilean government the basis | for its recent suggestion of a Latin | American_economic union. Senor Bunge's plan involved the re- ublics of Argentina, Chile. Bolivia, araguay and Uruguay. These five | countries together ha an area of 6.015.000 square kilometers and a popu- | lation of 21,560,000. As a gemzrapmc‘ unity they could be well compared with | the United States or a United Europe | as proposed by M. Briand. They pos- | goss a greater length and therefore a | greater variety of climates, which means a greater variety of production. There is no raw material of any importance, according to Senor Bunge, which is not or cannot be produced within the terri- torial area formed by the five mentioned countries. Vast Food Possibilities, The various regions of this proposed Bouthern Economic Union would com- plement each other perfectly. The fer- tile Argentine and Uruguayan pampas could produce food for a population of | more than 100,000,000 inhabitants; the mineral deposits of the Andes and Bo- | livian altiplano are almost in°xhaust- | ible; the cold products of the Pata- | ;r‘ma region and Tierra del Fuego are | rumerous, and <o are the valuable prod- | ucts which could be raised on a large gcale in the torrid zone of Bolivia and | Paraguay. Not only would this union of the five Southern republics solve the problem of dron and fuel supply for them—the second one in a complete way, for it includes, besides coal, oil and water power in abundance—but it would place ¢hem in a privileged position with re- spect to the rest of the world, with most & monopoly of several raw terials essential to world economics. The Southern Economic Union would | possess one-third of the world's flax-| seed, one-half of the world's eorn, 30 per cent of the world’s wheat, 23 per| cent of the tin and 17 per cent of the| 40 per cent of the worlds s, the third largest livestock in the world, a gold stock only inferior to those of the United States and France, and so on. If these figures relate to a proposed union of only the five southernmost Latin American republics, it can be easily visualized what an economic| union of all the countries south of the Rio Grande would amount to. Of course, the rest of the nations of the continent are so widely separated by geographic, economic and political bar- | Tiers that such a union must still be ‘considered in the realm of utopias, but, | nevertheless, the idea has already been | officially suggested by the Chilean gov- | emnment. Three Important Factors. Three factors may be mentioned as | bringing about this revival of the cus- | toms union principle in Latin Amer- | fca. In order of occurrence they may | be explained as follows: The suggestions | of economic_unions in Europe and in | the British empire: the passage of high protective tar] iffs by the United States @nd other American republics, and the | | vived by the | Commission, which has been working | operation among American states re- suggestion +of the Chilean | foreign office. In advocating economic unions in the New World Minister Planet is only fol- lowing the example of the wise M. Briand with his Pan-Europe scheme and the English supporters of a British | empire customs union. I have already | mentioned these discussions of regional | economic alliances as one of the factors | probably motivating the Chilean atti- | tude. Finally, as for the other factor sug- gested, it is only logical to believe that the reaction provoked in Latin American ( public opinion by the highly protective tariff recently adopted by the United States and the harmful results so far observed may have had some influence in determining the Chilean minister of foreign affairs to step out to the fore- front with his proposal of customs unions. ‘The reception which the Chilean suggestion his met with in the capitals | of the Latin-American republics and in this country deserves a separate article. 1In the meantime, the impor- tance already attributed to it may be clearly noticed by the announcement made by the Pan-American Union that Senor Planet’s proje-t shall be in- cluded in the discustion of the Fourth Commercial Pan-American Conference to meet in Washington next October. Certain Considerations. ‘This announcement, however, sug- gests certain considerations which it seems only timely to express. The Pan-American Commercial Conference will be materially unable to discuss thoroughly the problem of an inter- national economic union in the seven days of its tenure. There is, on the other hand, another institution in Washington, the Inter-American High with the Pan-American Union in the fostering of economic links between the Americas, and which seems most appropriately organized to take up the study of such problems. . The Inter-American High Commis- sion is made up of national committees presided over by the minister of finances of each American republic and completed by a group of the most prominent economists, financial and business leaders, in each particular country. The United States section of the Inter-American High Commission, headed by the Secretary of the Treasury, has had s particularly active role in the preparation of programs, comparative data, statistics and legis- lation submitted to the various Pan- American conferences gathered during the last 16 years. Even now, to pro- mote the success of the next Pan- American Commercial Conference, it has sent out to the corresponding na- tional commissions memoranda on various toplcs in the agenda of the conference, so that the appointed dele- gates may get acquainted with them in _advance. ‘The Inter-American High Commis- slon appears, therefore, to be in a privileged position to study at large problems of economic co-operation in the Western Hemisphere which require time, method, and the aid of expert knowledge. Why should not it be in- trusted, then, by the next Pan-Ameri- can Commercial Conference, with the task of studying the possibilities of economic unions in the continent, and report its findings to the Eighth In- ternational Conference of American States to be held in Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1933? (Copyright. 1931 Protection of Sea Travelers Sought by League of Nations BY FRANCIS M. MANSFIELD. GENEVA —Emigrant seagoers are to be protected from financial risk of acci- dent at sea if & solution can be found by the League of Nations for the prob- lem, which has been under discussion | for some vears. The situation is equally | applicable to other travelers by sea, be | they tourists or business men. Statistics relating to the post-war | emigration of Europe show that it now | amounts to about 700.000 persons a year. | according to the information collected by the Permanent Commission for the Protection of Migrants. Need for international action by a system of adequate legal and diplomatic guarantees is urged. Discussion has already occurred between various na- tional authorities as to the desirability of transferring the question from field of private law to that of public law. Ship Owners' Responsibility. Sir Norman Hill, vice president of the British Chamber of Shipping. is quot as saying that the responsibility of ship owners, as it now stands, is subordi- nated to & number of different condi- tions. In grave disasters it is a matter of proving responsibility, sometimes ex- ceedingly difficult, if not impossible, in case of the total loss of the vessel and the principal officers responsible for its nduct. COigures presented by & British ma- rine insurance company, referring to claims exceeding $500, show that the average settlement was made on a basis of $785. Comment is made that the . litigants received only about 60 per cent ", of the sum, however, in that lawyers' THE PORT OF CON BY EMIL LENGYEL, The Famous Author. LTHOUGH France is generally held to bemare or less homogene- ous in language, historical back- ground and nationalaspirations, she is the home of a, number of Alsace- Lorraines, if by that term we mean national minorities_struggling for self- expression_ within the bounds of their present allegiance. The belief that the French Republic is the prototype of & CARNEAU, BRITTANY. centralized country, closely knit in thought. will turn out on closer exami- nation to have no firmer basis than the | suggestive power of an age-old desire. | France's tendency has been toward centralization, but the ideal has not been accomplished. Maurice Duhamel a champlon of Breton autonomy. has |tried to prove that the French are a minority in Prance. He bases his thesis mainly on the linguistic composition of the country. By quoting good authority for including nearly 10,000,000 Proven- cals in the non-French speaking popu- |lation. he has set out to demonstrate that the French imposed upon the un- critical world their contention of a uni- | fied country, whereas France actually |is one of Europe’s nationality states, | the majority of the people being com- | posed of Alsatians, Basques, Bretons, | Coriscans, Flemish people, Normans and Provencals, not to speak of the smaller racial units. | Some of the nationalities of Prance, it is true, have been assimilated in thought and language. But others have retained most of their national char- Has New Alsace-Lorraines France Sees Bretons, Basques, Corsicans and Other Subject Races Awaken to Sense of Natiomnality. From a Colored Etcaing by T. ¥. Simon HERE NATIONALISM HAS BEEN STIRRED INTO A STRONG FLAME. acteristics. The Normans are school | examples of assimilated nationhood. The same process which has transformed | the Normans into French is hard at work in the South of France, the habi- tat of the Provencals. The problem of the Alsatians and of other races has been set forth frequently, and it will | not be considered here. We will con- fine ourselves to the plight of three French nationalities—the Bretons, the Basques and the Corsicans—whose_fate (Continued on Fourth Page.) Authors, Producers BERLIN.—German _film _censorship, now 30 years old, is showing such signs of aged irascibility that producers de- clare they cannot risk anything stronger these days than “Mary’s Little Lamb.” Starting with “All Quiet on the Western Front,” the reform wave of film censorship _struck down one after another new picture, foreign and d mestic alike, either on moral, politi- cal or ethical grounds. The recent banning of a UFA film, “Express Train 13" has served to reveal the tastes of the censorship board in its guardianship of public security and morality. A scene concerning a plot to dyna- mite an express train, for example, was objected to (even though the plot failed) because it might incite imita- tion. Further, the board opined, the confidence of raflway travelers in mod- ern-day safety might be undermined, with consequent damage to business. The regrettable fact that a policeman was shot down in the film offered another snarl; clever policemen are not supposed to come to grief. must have faith in its cops. Dates Back to 1899. This sort of thing is felt to be a throwback to the days of censorship's groping infancy—to the days when Ger- man saloonkeepers, finding the cinemas cutting into their trade, appealed to the police to censor pictures more close- ly because, since the auditorium was darkened during the performance, there was an obvious incitement to im- propriety. Many persons here main- tain that the level of discrimination in censorship has not risen above that established by the saloonkeepers, Film censorship of a legal charac- ter, more or less, dates back in Ger- many to 1899. The screen then, of course, was awkwardly finding its feet. Otto Messter had just shown the first German picture. “The Critical Years of Life.” The police did not know what to do at first. There was no law authorizing them to supervise the new art. But they had to do something. What they did was to dig out an ordinance dating back to the year 1852, which concerned the preservation of ‘The validity of private insurance | contracts binding the shipowner has | been questioned generally, and it is ob- served that the support of the United States for any svstem restricting the re- sponsibility of the carrier has been de- clared problematical. Shipowners of various countries have shown some op- position to insurance, fearing that new obligations may be imposed on them which would probably not abolish their present legal responsibility. Those con- cerned with the rights of passengers, on the other hand. have shown some suspicion of an agreement which might place serious limitations on the right of victims of accidents at sea to full com- pensation in the form of damages. Opinion is said to be in favor of a system of insurance instituting com- pensation on the basis of responsibility, the | as has been done by the legislation re- lating to compensation for industrial accidents. (Copyright, 1091 ted | Berlin Has Telephones With New Lighted Dials BERLIN.—Germany has introduced a novel telephone device. From now on any one with an automatized telephone need not worry to make calls in the dark. A newly invented disc upon which both the letters and figures can be seen at night is now being used by subscribers with automatized tele- phones. 's 89, tele- 1-»s and court charges absorbed the zest. Approximately 40 of phone exchanges have ady been equipped with disc apparatus. order at public assemblies. That suf- ficed to subject films to police control, and the germ of censorship began to develop along with the intense interest in the films themselves. Some Banned Pictures. In 1907 film actors were fined for holding the King's costume up to ridicule; they had been filming a uni- formed drama in the Berlin streets. In 1911 the pictures of the Jeffries- Johnson bout were banned on the basis that their effect on the public mind was brutal. One of the censor’s next throbs of genius was to forbid a film showing a child lost in the snow on the ground that children should not be per- mitted to run around alone. In 1914 an American white-slave fllm was banned because it was ‘too realistic.” And so on. The revolution of 1918 did away with film censorship by the police, but in 1920 a special law was passed establish- ing it anew and creating movie censor- ship boards to enforce it. These boards are today made up of two persons from social welfare and juvenile protection bodies, one from the film industry it- self, one author and a Government of- fical as chairman, appointed by the ministry of the interior. Appeals from the decisions of the local boards may be taken to the German chief censor, at present Councilor Dr. Seeger of the ministry of the interior. Local deci- sions, it may be stated, are rarely reversed. The film reform wave has naturally resulted in protests from screen authors, actors and producers, who want to know if German films must be especially fitted to the mental qualities of children and simpletons. The industry at the same time is treading softly; some companies have submitted scenarios to The public | and Actors Fight Against Film Censorship in Germany the will not commit himself before production. . A measure making even more strin- gent the regulations on film censorship |15 still in committee in the Reichstag. The provisions of this bill are 5o un- relenting as to have brought on a counter movement with the aim of abolishing movie censorship completely. The Fall meetings of the Reichstag | will see the oppoeing camps, with their lobbyists and legislators, lined up squarely against one another for a final clash. “The outcome will. one way or another. be one of enormous importance |to the German film industry, as well as to the United States and other | countries supplying the German market. N earnest gentleman called at my office with a “message.” He said that this is the time for me to write and in- duce somebody to publish some full-page advertisements on Merchandising. The attention of all execu- tives is now focused on the subject, he sgid. If we could only get them to “think straight” it would “clarify the whole business situation” and start the “return of pros- perity.” I asked him what he meant by merchandising. He hem- med and hawed, and finally rearked: “Why, you know, merchandising; everybody knows what you mean by merchandising.” I told him that I had lis- tened to much conversation on that subject in 1929, but had never heard any one dg- fine the term. “In those boom days it seemed to mean overselling,” I continued. “It meant try- ing to get barber shops to put in a side line of lawn mowers, urging toilet goods depart- ments to carry ice cream cones, forcing automobile parts into delicatessens. “It meant pushing up the sales quota 25 per cent every year; lying awake nights to think up ways of making peo- ple buy more than they need- ed; going out extravagantly to steal the other man’s cus- tomers. All that sort of high- pressure activity was walking around under the banner of ‘merchandising’ in 1929,” I said, “and if, when we speak of ‘getting back;to normal’ the censor in advance only to find that!. (Copyright, 1931.) | Environment has little or no influ- ence on grow h, heredity dominant factor, Prof. Henry Edmond Crampton, head of the Department of Zoology at Barnard College. has deter- | mined after a series of studies covering 25 years, with land snails and partula }as mediums. Dr. Crampton, who is now at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu co-ordi- | nating the results of his 25-year study, has also obtained evidence that evolu- | tion is still going on with rapid strides | today. Changes have occurred during | the Iast 25 yvears in the size and variety | ‘n( many snecimens studied. his statisti- jtll records show. * An intensive study of land snails and MERCHANDISING BY BRUCE BARTOR} we mean getting back to that rush and strain then I am not much interested.” He went away shaking his head, as if I had uttered treason against the great spirit of American enterprise. Perhaps he was right; per- haps I am getting old and "|lmpmgr%sslv;i."‘ But the kind of merchandising problems that I believe our country must face sooner or later are problems like the following: ‘Why, with so much wealth. are so many men out of work? Why is our economic ma- chinery so clumsy that men can go hungry in New York while other men are feeding wheat to hogs in Kansas? Why, with so many labor- saving devices, have we so lit- tle leisure? Why are factories closed when a large percentage of the human race is still bare- foot, undernourished and wet when it rains? ‘Why were our parents, who were so much poorer than we, still so much more contented, peaceful and secure? How can we think more about human beings and less about money? How can we recognize the economics of distribution so that everybody can have more of the good things of life as a result of steady, smooth production? I cannot answer these ques- tions, but I do believe it is important to get as many men as possible thinking about them. Even if we have to divert a few minutes from our “mer- chandising.” Growth Held Hereditary; Little Credit Given Environs by Science | partula in their natural settings. neces- | sitating museum trips_to the Society | Islands of the South Seas, as well as | actual experiments on live snails in the | Barnard greenhouse and laboratories, is the basis of Dr. Crampton’s con- clusions. He has been aided by Mrs | Florence Lowther, associate in zoology at_Barnard. Mrs. Lowther explained that the time required for the development of one | geperation of snails is four months. | The snails. being hermaphroditic. are | isolated in individual jars. thousands of | which are kept in the laboratories. Another in Research. Another member of the Barnard | faculty who will be engaged in signifi- | | cant research this Summer is Prof.| | Raymond C. Moley, head of the Depart- | ment, of Government. who is serving as consijitant to Samuel Seabury in the formulation of the constructive aspects | of his report on the Magistrates’ Courts, which will probably be sub- miited in September. In addition. Prof. Moley is working | with Gov. Roosevelt’s Commission on the Administration of Justice in New York State. He will also be engaged ir | formulating further plans for the new Institute of Criminology at the Uni- | versity of California. The institute, though functioning now, is still in an experimental state, Prof. Moley having | r&sls!!d last Fall in planning its open- ng. A study of the inheritance of various plant characteristics, particularly shape. will occupy Prof. Edmund W. Sinnott of the Botany Department this Sum- mer. Prof. Sinnott, who has been working on the problem 15 years, has gathered considerable evidence that shape is controlled by genetic factors entirely independent of those which control size or any other plant char- acteristic. He has found that in squashes and gourds shape is determined almost at the very beginning of development, when the bit of tissue which will ulti- mately produce the fruit is one-mil- lionth as big as at maturity. There are slight changes of shape during develop- ment, the fruits in some cases growing relatively a little flatter or more elon- gated, but these differences in develop- mental history are also found to be inherited. Definite Genetic Factors. According to Prof. Sinnott, other work on inheritance of shape “indicates that in other organisms is also controlled by definite genetic factors similar to those found by students of heredity to control color and other characteristics. Other faculty members engaged in research this Summer include Dr. Helen Huss Parkhurst, assistant professor of philosophy, and Dr. Gladys A. Reichard, assistant professor of anthropology. Dr. Parkhurst, who was awarded & Guggenheim fellowship this year, is abroad studying the architecture of Continental "cathedrals and Oriental mosques. On her return she will start; work on a book on the esthetics of Old World rel architecture, alon; the lines of her earlier work, “Beauty.” Dr. Reichard, now at Ganado, Ariz. is engaged in “an_ethnological and philological study of the Navajo In- dian.” ~She has also held a Guggen- heim fellowship, has lived for consider- able of time with the Navajo tribes and is the author of “The Social ;fl’e ?l the Navajo” and of a work on avajo language. Members of the Barnard faculty in !-’fll'fl?e thi} Summer include Prof. dchll'!l B!tn,n h?ldwln o(” :‘lheco ?“":1: lepartment, who represen lum| University at the celebration of the four hundredth mmveru;no( the founding of the College de France last month; Prof. George W. Mullins, act- ing dean, who is on a motor tri through Carolina ish and Prance, and Miss ber of a prominent 3 U. S. WOMAN STARTS ROW IN BRITISH PRESS COLUMN Protest Against News From America Draws Flood of Letters in Reply From London Paper’s Readers. BY ARTHUR E. MANN, ONDON.—“She loves me, she loves me not”—the old petal- well might have led to the correspond- ence columns in the Dally Tele- graph here, which this week published | & number of letters concerning British- | ers’ attitudes toward America and| Americans. The controversy began by the publication of a letter signed “American Woman,” in which the writ- er complained bitterly, first. of the kind of American news published in the English papers, and second, of the personal reception she and her friends met here. The result was a flood of letters to the Telegraph of which ‘most tested the essential British friendliness to the United States and the citizens thereof, although the paper gave no clue to the verdict of the 27 it received but had no plied to the American's letter was the ' emphasis & number of them placed | upon the alleged harmful effect of | American movies and talkies upon the | British conception of and understand- | ing of the United States. at the Naval Academy at Anpapolts, twisting the Hon's tail was the favorits form of amusement, which fortunately was taken at its true worth by the majority of the inhabitants of ~these islands. Also, ‘American Woman' may remember some sa that were ‘true’ of American ‘Big Bill' Thompson. “As for & campaign against America, such s statement is really ridiculous. The Englishman likes his little joke, and considers it should be taken in }ood part by others as he takes the jokes against himself. The English- man is a great, good friend, and no- where in the world will Americans get a squarer deal or more evidences of true appreciation, in spite of indivi- duals who constantly are doing their 3:‘.'.' to stir up bad feelings between Makes Caustic Reply. Pinally, a writer ing herself “Eng- lish Woman” wok“‘: l‘ood crack at ‘American Woman,” as follows: “Courtesy is due every visitor to our shores, but I really fail to see why Americans should expect to be wel- comed by us with open arms. We cannot help remembering President American Protests News. | The American’s letter, which n the controversy, read in part as fol- | lows: “As an American who feels extremely friendly (or would like to feel friendly) | to England, I write to express my deep Tegret at observing certain conditions | in this country. I refer to the cam- | paign constantly being carried on to in English minds a state of antagonism toward America and Amer- | icans. “I have been in this country a year (this is my first visit) and during that time I have studied carefully the | English newspapers with a view to dis- | covering what is being published about the United States I find practically 2l | that is published may be put under | one or two heads: Police news takes the chief place with a deliberate play- | ing up of any occurence, which may | be made sensational, anything dis- creditable to the United States, which can be culled from the transatlantic news prominently displayed; also, the utterances of public (or even obscure) | people calculate to excite ridicule or dislike of Americans are freely quoted. | Says Visitors Return Bitter, “During this year in London I have been associated with a great number of Americans of the best type—college | professors and their wives, writers, recognized artists, and other profes- | sional men and women of excellent | standing_in their own country, people | of pure British descent, whose instincts and traditions are in favor of a friendly | feeling toward England. “Without exception these people have | gone, or are going, back to the United States with an intense feeling of grief | and bitterness toward England in their hearts. While they have met a few broad-minded, sympathetic Englishmen, they have been nagged, insulted, baited by English persons (usually inferior to them in birth, education and manners) | and subjected to covert or open expres- | sions of antagonism and have read, day after day, unfair representations of America in the press until they are weary and disheartened or roused to a | feeling of actual hatred toward all Eng- lish people and instituticns.” The next day the Telegraph published | two sympathetic British npfies, one | saying: | “The average untraveled Englishmen | get their impressions of America not so | much from the press as from the | cinema. So long as American producers | continue to flood this country with films | deaiing almost entirely with either crime or sex, so long will a vast mu jority of English people continue to hold those views on American life and | institutions, which are a source of such Tegret to your correspcndent.” The other letter is signed by two | Britishers: “As Britons who have many friends in America and who always found | among the better class of Americans | an earnest desire for close friendship with England, we wish to protect you | against the carping supercilious attitide of the British press toward the United | States. The American press is, on the whole, remarkably fair to England.” U. S. Cinema Blamed. The following day the paper published a column of letters on the same subject. | Fiist, they again placed blame for much | of the trouble on American films. Another, signed “English friend of America,” backed up “everything” the American woman writer said, and at- tacked the British critics of the United States. Then came one signed “Late U.'S. N." protesting against her charges, an American resident in Great Britain, may I show the other side of the picture. I am afraid she has not lived long enough in this country to appreciate the character of the average Englishman. She is also a little too| sensitive when her own people and country are criticized. When I was Wilson and his 14 points, his fatal idealism at the Peace Conference, the failure of Americans to keep their word to join the League of Nations, and their attitude toward Europe-at- large, and England in particular, in regard to the war debts. “We all regret the news received from America, but Americans must remem- ber that bootlegging, murders and Al Capone have certain news value in all countries. After all, it is from Amer- ican films that the British public de- rive their ideas of America.” “She loves me, she loves me not—." (Copyright, 1931.) Japanese Officials Co-operate on Policy TOKIO, J2pan—The recent appoint- ments of Gen. I. Ugaki, former nxinister of war in the Hamaguchi cabinet as governor general of Korea .and of Count Uchida, one of Japan's best known dip- lomats, as head of the South Manchur- ian Railway Co., indicate a new era of | co-operation between Japanese inter- ests in Korea and Manchuris, according to well informed opinion here. Gen. Ugaki and Count Uchida old-time friends and they have an- nounced that they intend to co-operate in their new work. Gen. Ugaki, in an interview shortly after his appoint- ment. declared that there had been in- eufficlent co-operation in the past be- tween the governor general of Korea and the railway administration in Man- churia. Gen. Ugaki served as acting governor general of Korea during the absence of | former Governor General Saito at Ge- neva as kead of the Japanese delegation at the abortive tripartite conference in 1927 and is quite familiar with Korean problems. “I believe,” Gen. Ugaki declared, “that there should be close co-opera- tion between Manchuria and Korea. We should follow a well defined and constant policy as regards these two territories.” The general recalled that | during the World War there was @& project to place the two territories un- der a joint administration, but that this had never come to pass. “I do not necessarily favor the revival of this project,” he sald, “but I want to stress the need for co-operation.” Waikiki Beach Invaded By Hollywood Film Stars HONOLULU.—Large sections of Hol- Iywood sesm to be moving to the famous Walkiki Beach. A few of the screen luminaries have been vacationing here in years past, but not until this year have they really begun to move on Hawali en masse. Leatrice Joy was among the first to discover Waikiki. Bert Lytell. after playing stock here, went to California end broadcast Ha- waii’s charms, but the film colony was slow to change its vacation habits. Now the favorites of the screen are coming on almost every boat. Among those acquiring suntan and Hawaiian vocabularies this season are Norma Tal- madge, Gilbert Roland, Dorothy Mack- aill, Mr. end Mrs. Willlam Powell (the latter was Carole Lombard). Ben Lyon and his wife, Bebe Daniels; Stan Laurel, Warner Baxter and Mr. and Mrs. John McCormick. The latter, after swift rise to fame as a director, declares that, for the present at least, he is out of the movie world. He was recently married to a girl not connected with the films has leased a big home here and taken up permanent residence. Marie Dress- ler was a recent visitor, as well as 8 dozen other well known Hollywood ac- tors and actresses. BY FRANCOIS PSALTY. ANKARA, June 26.—Now that the official spelling of the name of the new capital of Turkey is Ankara, a curious controversy has arisen over the historical and etymological derivation of the word. The new spelling and pronunciation are a direct return to the Greek “Ankyra,” or Latin “An- cyrum.” meaning anchor. The name had previously been Unghuru, said to be a twisting of the Prench Angora. Heretofore the Greek root of the name has always been explained on a basis of local geography and legend. | The story is that King Midas, one of | the Phrygian rulers, founded the city | returned to Spain for a visit since the inauguration of the new republic. New staff members, including those previously _announced, are Prof. Eu- gene H. Byrne of the University of Wisconsin, who will head the history department; Prof. L. Susan Stebbing of Bedford College, University of Lon- don, who will be visiting lecturer in philosophy during the Winter, and Dr. Arthur D. Gayer, research associate in charge of public works at the National Bureau of Economic Research, lecturer in economics. Also Dr. Hugo N. Swenson, 1930-31, Scandinavian-American fellow at Co- nhagen, instructor in physics; John gl , instructor in Greek and Latin; Dr. Evelyn Behrens, instructor in chem- istry; Mrs. Esther McGill, instructor in English; Miss Cara Kasius, district secretary of the Charity Organization Society, lecturer in social science; Miss Ruth Underhill, assistant in anthro- pology; Miss Virginia M. Fowler, assist- ant in botany; Dr. Richard Madden, assistant in psychology; Miss Eleanor L. Sheehan, assistant in zoology; Miss Susan Wolf, instructor in physical edu- cation. Prof. Byrne, who has specialized in medieval history, has been twice award- ed Guggenheim fellowships. He has made a study of Genoese law in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, during the course of which he has made 30,000 tic coples of the acts of Genoese s notaries covering these 200 . Kemal Starts Row by Denying Midas Founded Turkish Capital and o named it because it lies with- in three ravines in the form of an anchor. The city's earliest records, furthermore, contain many references to the anchor, and the symbol is even incorporated in the civic coat-of-arms. For centuries the old explanation has been accepted, and what was once pure legend has become incorporated into local history. Ghazi Upsets Tradition. But this ancient tradition, like many another of the old regime, has been | knocked skyward by Mustapha Kemal Pasha. The Ghazi. after considerable research into the historical antecedents of the Turkish people, believes that the Turks brought the word with them when they first settled in Anatolia, long before Alexander the Great's invasion. Ankara, says the Ghazi, was the name of an ancient river flowing through the high plateau of Central Asia whence the Hottites, original for- bears of the Turks, emigrated 3,500 years ago. They were unwilling to let their children forget the name of the stream, and so gave the name to, the city, which is today the nation’s capital. ‘This' explanation is founded partly on the researches of Sir William Rame say, professor in Oxford University, who has established the date of the ) migration to Anatolia as about 35 centuries ago. Further studies on the same subject are now being under- taken by an archeological party from the University of Chicago. Americans Work Hitfite Ruins. ‘The American group, engaged in an attempt to discover the meeting point - of the ancient Hittite and Turkish civilizations, is working at Alichar, in the old Hittite ruins, and at Yozgad. A number of relices which tend to show the mixed period of the two civiliza- tions are already on display in the Ethnological Museum of Ankara. Another famous name formerly iden- tified with the old regime, Constanti- nople, has been changed to Istanbul. The old name means in Greek the town of Constantine, and the new one, - from the Greek of “istan " or “to the town,” was corrupted About half of the coll h and conf