Evening Star Newspaper, July 19, 1931, Page 16

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JULY 19 1931—PART TWO. i S R S—— B R LT AR R N T sy S — e eeeee——— I EEEEEEES——————s THE EVEENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. . July 19, 1031 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office. a Ave 42nd !l. an Building. 1ith . and Pennsy] s Take M Shiopean Offic .. London, European Offi ch! ent Rate by Carrier Within the City. ! sty . 45¢ per month The BVeRIE ana sinday iar | when 4 !Hl\dl)’fil , .60¢c per month | cnd Sunday &ar | nday s) 65¢ per month | 0, Sunday Star oc per. con’ | T et tion made at thie end of each month Orders may be sent In by mail or telephone NAtional $000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance, Maryland ana Virginia. Dally and Sunday.....13r. $10.00: 1mo. g8c | Z1¥r. '§800: 1mo. Soc | Bdaonly 130 3000 1 me e | All Other States and Canada. ily and Sunday...1yr.$1200-1mo. 8§10 ! g:u’ oniy “.........1yr. $8.00: imo, 76c tnday’"only 50 iyr. $5.00; 1 mo. 80c Member of the Associated Press. The Asscciated Press is exclusively entitled to the vse for republication of all news dis- patches credited to it or not othciwise cred- ited in this peper and also the local new. publishe speci d_herein. Al rights of publication o dispatches herein are also reserved The Anti-Farm Board Campaign. ‘The Federal Farm Board, set up by Congress to help the American farmers to a position where they could say that their crops and their souls were their own, is constantly under attack. For the most part these attacks are made by politicians seeking to discredit the board for purely partisan reasons and by the; grain trade, which has been sore ever | since the Farm Board was created. It remains to be seen whether the poli- tisians and the grain trade are able to beat down the biggest constructive gov- ernmental instrument yet set up to help the farmers. | Chairman James C. Stone of the Federal Farm Board, in an interview with the press on Thursday, said that the board had sold none of its wheat holdings in the Southwest, the Winter wheat country, unless an equlvalent' amount of wheat had been purchased from the farmers out of this year's| crop. He also said that the board had | sold about 1,000,000 bushels of Spring wheat in the Northern area, where it/ was required by the millers and where the new crop has not yet been har- vested. The millers, he made it clear, | required that particular kind of wheat for their business. Mr. Stone also said | that the board did mot intend to go| into the market and buy wheat from the new crop on a large scale to sta- bilize prices of wheat, as it did last year, explaining that the revolving fund was not large enough to meet all the requirements of such a move. He| added, however, that the Farm Board | was prepared to do all it could under the law to help the farmers in their present difficult situation. In hostile quarters Mr. Stone’s in- terview was presented as a declination to aid the farmers. It was heralded | sbroad that the Farm Board was selling its wheat in competition with the farm- ers at this time. So distorted were the reports of the interview that Mr. Stone felt called upon to issue a formal state- ment giving briefly what he really did say. Many of the American farmers, and more and more of them as time goes on, are understanding better and better the functions of the Farm Board and its efforts to help the farmers in the | marketing of their crops. A great deal of propaganda seeking to discredit the board has been spread, much of it by the grain trade, which has lived off the wheat farmers for years. Sooner or later the farmers, and the public | generally, will understand that the grain trade is hostile to the board be- cause the board is there to take the part of the farmers. The interest of | the trade, which buys wheat as low as it can from the farmers and sells it as high as it can to the millers, does not march with the interest of the farmer, who naturally wishes to get as much as he can for his crop. The farmer has always been in a position where he has to take what the trade offers for his wheat. That is an evil which the Farm Board is seeking to correct, by alding the growth of the farm co-operatives. ‘The Federal Farm Board has hed the courage to say to the American wheat farmer that he should curtail his acreage, 50 as to prevent a huge surplus bringing lower prices. The trade, which is interested in buying wheat at low figures from the farmers and leaving what it does not want in the hands of the producers, does not take the same view of the situation. The wheat busi- ness of the country and of the world is just one big link in the chain which binds all industry together today. Any industry which overproduces in huge quantities breaks down the system of exchange, which has been built up in a world where production is no longer a problem, but where overproduction and lack of proper marketing have become twin evils. il NPT R Business depression in Midsummer 1s nothing unusual. Business revival is slways to be expected when vacations arc over, and the Fall season stim- ulztes the buyer and cheers the re- tail merchant. It is human custom to look for mysterious explanations of phenomena which are, in large degree. only ordinary experiences. e el Parking at Union Station. As new parking regulations were obviously put into effect at Union Sta- tion without much consideration of the special problems involved in this area, the traffic authorities should give them the study they deserve and seek to bring some order out of what now is a chaotic and stupid arrangement. Everybody is generously provided for except the pri- vate citizen who dares drive his own automobile to Union Station to meet a train or put his family aboard. The taxicabs, enjoying what the courts have | individuals. |is later to use parking private vehicles. loading his passengers the meotorist could drive some distance away and, parking his car, return to the station afoot and see friends or relatives to the departing train. Or, parking his car, he could meet a train, escort his pas- sengers to the loading platform, apologile for his absence and scurry away to get his automobile and later pick them up. ‘When angle parking was abolished, the abolition was applied, rather blind- ly, to the area around Unlon Station. The sencible reasons which actuated the regulation elsewhere were alto- gether lacking at Union Station. The circular drive around the Columbus plaza is wide enough for any traffic needs and angle parking caused no trouble The substitution of parallel parking merely cut down parking space without any compensating bene- | fits to traffic. What space remained was promptly eized by hackers and a few fortunate The hackers apparently spend a large part of their time pol- ishing their cars or doszing. The poor fellow who is anxious to park his car and get back to the station promptly is the unfortunate victim. It is to be hoped that the traffic au- thorities will remedy this condition and make & point of looking out for the pri- vate automobile owner. After all, he has some rights. S A SO The Profession of Greeting. Grover Whalen of New York, the Nation's pioneer Greeter, must know exactly how the drivers of covered wagons felt when they saw the first locorfiotive, belching smoke and steam, dash across the prairies and over th mountains with a string of cars be- hind. The good old days were gone. A new era had dawned. And in Chi- { cago, George D. Gaw is to the greeting locomotive and to the covered profession what the iraln of cars were wagons. There is touching symbolism in the sweetly quaint little ceremony with which Mr. Gaw has maugurated him- self as the city’s Official Greeter. In all this big, wide, lonely, cold, bleak and bitter world, who was the first whom he should wish, in that big, tender heart of his, to greet? Mother, of course No one else but mother. Mother! A beautiful thought, that. Mother! So mother, who makes her home with Mr. Gaw in Chicago, was sent back to Owensboro, Ky., where stands the old homestead, in order that she could come to Chicago and be greeted. There, in La Salle Street Station, she stepped from the platform to the out- stretched arms of George D. Gaw. No one witnessed the touching scene—no one except several thousand curious onlookers, a small army of photogra- phers and reporters, a large squad of police. planted on his mother's cheek was heard around the world. The snow- white automobile which Greeter Gaw in officlal greetings has not been completed. So the rest of the ceremony of this first greeting was carried out with a plain black limousine, and an escort of motor cycles and automobiles 'filled with reporters and photographers. Screaming sirens and warning horns blasted a path through teeming thousands as Greeter Gaw and mother visited the principal points of interest of Chicago. Think what it will be when the snow-white automobile and snow-white motor cycles take part in the greetings which are to follow. George D. Gaw bhas set a rapid pace for the infant strides of the new pro- fession of greeting. But the rest of the world, in time, will catch up. There will be, of course, & Code of Ethics. Every greeter must begin his official life by greeting his mother. If one's own mother is not available. somebody else’s mother will have to do. For hence- forth the sweet word “Mother” will be linked with that sweeter word “Greeter.” ‘The only fly in the oiptment is whether anybody but mother will stand for being greeted. And the only way to remedy that will be to hire Greeter Whelan of New York to visit Greeter Gaw of Chicago. The greeting from Mr. Gaw to Mr. Whalen should really be arranged. It would naturally be an event of tremendous historical im- portance and should no longer be de- layed. e = At a rather extravagant cost, Berlin manages to maintain a certain gloomy prestige as one of the great news cen- ters of the world. Its publicity experts show the same industrious candor in making known a nation's unhappiness as they did in announcing its ambitions. ——.——————— Siberia was once known to history and romance as a bleak and dreary waste. Thanks to aviation it now con- templates a serles of landing fields and the development of a disposition to be- come positively hospitable. s — e —————— Absurdities of Law. A report submitted by the Wicker- sham Crimes Commission, in a discus- sion of faults in criminal procedure, suggested that the Mooney-Billings case in California has been handled in a manner “shocking to one's sense of justice” because of a weakness in the California law which does not allow a motion for a new trial on the ground of newly discovered evidence or upon evidence of perjury committed by ma- terial witnesses discovered after judg- ment. The only remedy in this case is the exercise of executive clemency. But a pardon is not the equivzlent of an acquittal. It necessarily implies recog nition of guilt and grants condonation. In the Mooney-Billings case guilt is | denied, and mow the law is accused of fault in preventing the establishment of innocence. Assuredly such a legal fault should be corrected. It is palpably a failure already found to be an entirely lawful ‘monopoly, take up a large portion of the parking space near the automobile en- trance and possess the favored position for loading and unloading passengers. Thelr competitors, the taxicabs who do not have the monopolistic privileges, are jockeying for the remaining space. The vrivate bitizen, who does nothing but pay for the whole business through his patronage or through his taxes, is shut out. Unless he chooses to surrender and use a taxicab to go to Unlon Station he 18 outgof luck and without a friend. Angle parking around Union Station formerly afforded more space for of justice to estop the demonstration of innocence on the technicality that| the discovery of perjury comes after conviction. If & man has been found guilty upon perjured testimony, he is entitled to clearance, no matter how long the lapse of time. Another case of somewhat the same kind is now in evidence in New York, with a technicality preventing full jus- tice. In this instance, however, a pre- And the kiss that George D.| | age of miracles After un- | Was effected by testimony which ‘estab- lished an alibl. The prosecution adduced testimony in rebuttal which sgriously shook the credibility of the defegse wit- nesses, but the jury found thé ddfendant not guilty of the charge. Evidetce has now been discovered that completes the discrediting of the alibi witnesses. Proof is at hand that agents of the de- fendant went about seeking wjtnesses who, for & money consideration, would join the alibl chorus. Yet even if the falsity of the alibi were definitely dem- onstrated, even if the defendant were to acknowledge his gullt, he ocould not be tried again for the same crime, be- cause of the provision of the law which safeguards a person against “double jeopardy.” The false witnesses can be indicted for perjury, and the person who obtained their services aa false witnesses may be indicted for suborna- tion of perjury, but the man himself who now stands acquitted on the basia of this lying alibi testimony cannot be tried again for the original erime. ‘The “breaks” of the law are mostly in favor of the offender. In the Californis case they are against the defendants. Soclety suffers in both instances. A “Knaveproof” Tariff. Since time immemorial this classic land of Protection has been led to be- lieve that tariff laws are conceived in iniquity and born in jnjustice. The higher their rates, the greater the crimes which accompanied them into existence, according to those who would have log-rolled the schedules in other directions. Addressing a meeting of his political constituents in Eng d Friday night, Mr. Stanley Baldwin, who thinks the onservatives will inherit the earth at | the next general election, promised that when the Tories take office—as he is sure they will—they will proceed not only to enact a protective tariff for John Bull's tight little island, but that it will be the product of pure economics undefiled by special interests. “In no circumstances,” said the Con- servative leader, “am I going to be re- sponsible for making this country =a profiteers’ paradise or converting the | British Parliament into a crooks’ cor- ner. We have, £ far as we can, to make the tariff knaveproof, and it can be done. The scientific adjustment and adaptation of the tariff should be taken out of politics.” Mr. Baldwin's millennial plan for purifying the incubation of a tariff contemplates the setting up of a eom- mission—he must have been reading Herbert Hoover—which shall “lift the question sbove the stress of party poli- tics.” We have heard about that kind of tariff-making in this country for lo, these many years! If Mr, Baldwin can bring about for the benefit and glory of the other branch of the English- speaking race a customs system without having it soiled at any stage by the mire of politics, he will prove that the 1s not past. ——— i i Siamese rogalty is taking a great in- terest in the modern dirigible, which, metaphorically speaking, was at one time regarded as one of the leading “white elephants” of civilization. — e In daripg the disfavor of the world. “La Belle France” ignores the homely aphorism, “Handsome is as handsome doer.” — e Chief among the privileges enjoyed by the King of Italy is that of being absolutely secure against any intrusions on his private life. ——— An ovation awaited Max Schmeling, the only famous warrior that Berlin at present finds in a cheery frame of mind. ——— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON De robin hab a mighty voice, He lets it sweetly soun’. Fum early mornin’ he'll rejoice Until de sun goes down. He doesn’ nebber seem to try ‘To tell you anything— An’ mebbe dat's de reason why ‘We likes to hear him sing. F'um tree to tree he flits along As happy as kin be; He allus sings de same old song AR’ in de same old key. He's like some folks dat you could name ‘Whose volces never balk. Dey don't say much; but jes' de same We likes to hear 'em talk. A Subtle Gift. “What is personal magnetism?” “Personal magnetism,” replied Sena- tor Sorghum, “is what enables a man to stand up and keep an audience in- terested without the use of moving pic- tures.” ‘The man who complains about the weather deserves no sympathy. A real sufferer ventures no such effort. He just mutely perspires. A Comparison. The microbe is the most contemptible of living things: He's only just an insect that is minus legs and wings. But, like the mischief maker in more tangible affairs, His seeming unimportance lets him catch you unawares. E Fxaggerated Impression. “Mr. Meekton says his wife is compe- tent to hold any office in the Govern- ment.” “That opinion,” replied Miss Cayenne, is the result of his vanity. He thinks that because £he can govern him she must be able to govern the entire Nation.” Progress. “My daughter is having her voice cultivated.” “Is it improving?” ¥ “It's growing stronger. She used to be heerd only two spartments away. Now we get complsints from away off in the next building.” The Recurrent Maxzimum. No Summer ever came man's way That did not somehow raise A most astonishing array Of hottest-ever days. sumably guilty man is shielded by the strict letter of the law. This is the case of the notorlous “Legs” Diamond, who was acq at Troy the other day of torturing & truck driver, His acquittal “De man dat don't trust snybody,” sald Uncle Eben, “is mighty lable to Muuull.mnlrm'*ll‘ ities in a way dalll prevent anyhody fum trustin’ . INDISPENSABLE UNITY . BY THE RIGHT REV.JAMES E. FREEMAN, D, D, LL, D, Bome 16 or 17 years ago, when I started to write little sermons for the press, the then distinguished editor of a leading metropolitan journal said to me: “In writing these little editorial sermons may 1 suggest that you write them in such a way that they will be quite free from denominational or sec- tarian bias—in other words, write them #0 that they m have a reasonable appeal to the varlous types of readers ouf paper serves” He was making a conalstent appeal that, in the presen- tation of truth, as we apprehended it, we should attempt to put it in such form as to be comprehensive of all kinds and conditions of men, irre- spective of their religious and political faith or blas. We submit that it is & dimeult task to express truth in such A vivid way that it 18 always irresistible in ita appeal. In the face of this, it becomes more and more evident to us, as we come to see life more fully and to understand it more mccurately, that there are certain elemental imperatives that, lrrespective of our religlous af- Al or lack of it, we commonly recogn| Of all the great eoncerns of lite those that have to do with the integrity of the home are primary. ‘The majority of us hold that Te conventions and usages in social prac- tice that not only legitimate, but indispensable to decent and We have long since at honesty is the best policy in all commercial and other relations, ‘While many of us ars indifferent to the clail of the ehurch, Jewish, Catholic and Protestant, we do believe that it occuples an essenual place in our corporate Jife and that it stabilizes us and promotes revercnce. Thel principles of education that we believe are basic. We used to speak of them the “three R's,” but latterly, espe- cially in the post-war period, we have disclosed a passion for change. Those who want to think themselves alto- gether original speak cisparagingly of old conventions and habits ti h stood ‘The whole world is in over maladies that have largely come to it out of the World War, and one of the most serious aspects of the situation is in the many doctors who have original formulas to cure the evils from which we are suffering. Bishop of Washington. ‘The church is by no means immune to these tendencies. New cults and systems are being evolved out of the present chaotic thinking, and any clever exronmt of a new theory gets, at least for a brief space, a large and favorable hearing. It is little wonder that the great mass of the people, in the face of these conditions, are con- fused and that some seem to lose both their courage and their faith, Even some of our older institutions, politi- cal, social and religious, are falling under the spell of these modern teach- ers of new and original ways, and one finds it difficult to discover in what direction to look for sound counsel and an authoritative expression. This leads us to wonder whebg:: we are not in the near future to regain our mental ise and rediscover to ourselves those ic and elemental things that make for normal and healthful living. We also wonder whether, for the tendencies to division and insular ways and habits of thinking and livi we are not to pruantlg find certain grounds f agreement that are worthy of our adherence and support. Where two honest, open-minded men sit together and fairly consider their differences, they often find that they have more points of agreement than disapree- ment. Where high-minded men who believe in the deep fundamentals of religion discuss di lonately their conglusions and convictions, they in- evitably discover that there is more of unity than disunity in what they hold of faith and practice. It grows in- creasingly elear that little progress in the direction of unity is to be gained in high-sounding resolutions or care- fully drawn concordats. In the main we do not like to sign on the dotted line. On the other hand, where we are honest and fair-minded we are willing to recognize that there are certain fundamental things about which we commonly agree. If we could give over our habits of contro- versy and criticism, and if we coul dispossess those “original thinkers" ' who are confusing the world with their | original ideas, we should usher in a day of finer fellowship, broader charity and more wholesome ways. A classic phrase comes to mind: “In essentials, unity: In non-essentials, llberty; In all things, echarity.” { New and Practical “League of Nations” Is Being Instituted at London and Paris BY WILLIAM HAED. The dominant views of Washington | regarding the week end developments | wishes Germany to give an undertak of the German world crisis are as fol- lows: A new and extremely realistic “League of Nations” is now getting instituted at Paris and at London. The first American delegates to this new “league” are Secretary of State Stimson, Secre- tary of the Treasury Mellon and Am- bassador Gibson. They will discuss, in practice, all topics, however political and however European, that are brought to their attention by thelr colleagues from other countries. Secretary Stimson made it perfectly | clear to numerous newspaper corre- spondents at the Naval Arms Confere ence at London, Winter before last, that he personally favors a “consultative pact” for the aliaving of mutual mili- tary fears between nations in order that the peoples of the world may be better able to live together in peace and prosperity. His mind is hospitable to political arrangements of that sort. * x % ¥ Chancellor Bruening and Foreign Minister Curtius of Germany, Prime Minister Laval and Foreign Minister Briand of France and Foreign Minister Henderson of Great Britain are now inducting Secretary Stimson at Paris into the intricacies of the political needs of the Pranco-German situation. These proceedings wiil not be & “con- ference.”” They will be a “conversa- tion.” All the proceedings of the new “league” will be highly informal. The new “league” will operate without & constitution and without public ses- slons and it will operate. %%k % ‘The present “conversation” at Paris will be succeeded some time soon by further “conversations” at Paris or at London or elsewhere, and these further “‘conversations,” besides including rep- resentatives of the United States, Great Britain, France and Germany, will include representatives also of Ttaly, Bels:um and Japan. The pro- spective development is dy of- ficlally announced. It will then only be necessary to add the Netherlands in order to have brought together the dominant financial powers of the world. ‘Those powers "will constitute an in- formal “league” which for practical purposes will far outweigh the League at Geneva. Its eight members—the United States in the Western Hemi- sphere, Japan in the region of Asia and Great Britain, France, Grmany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy in the European area—will suffice to dic- tate the world's economic and there- upon its political future. * ok ¥ ‘The stake of the United States in the instant matter before the new “league” is enormous. For more than half a decade now the investors of the United States, in the course of put- ting their money into Europe, have e a specially of putting it into Germany. ‘The United States Department of Commerce compiles annually a tabu- lation showing ‘“capital issues principal European countries publicly offered in the United States.” A bining of the figures thus published gives the following results: In the years 1925 to 1930, inclusive, the investors of the United States put $2,856,716,714 of long-term money into Europe as a whole. Of this sim, how- ever, they put $1,233,940,714 into Ger- many. In other words, they put into Germany more than 40 per cent of the total of their European fling. * % & n A sentimental light is thrown upon these American investments in Ger- many by speaking of them as efforts to “help Germany.” A Supghmenul'y light is thrown upon them by the ob- servation that German borrowers were and are paying higher rates of interest than the borrowers of any other coun- try. In 1929 German municipalities were paying sometimes almost 10 per cent on long-term money and some- times almost 14 per cent on short-term accommodations. Such rates, along with the satisfaction of “helping Ger- many,” deposited a vast number of American eggs in the German basket. Secretary Stimson's task is to see that they do not go addied, but hatch out into regular annual interest payments. * ¥ ok ¥ To that end he favors a financially and tndusltnh;lrs; robust Germany. For many weel or to his departure for Europe he pondered daily upon the miseries of Germany, expressing a dee] solicitude for Germen business revival. Among the influences which pressed the President into his final decision to intervene in the reparations prob- lem & major\place must be assigned to tary on. Mr. Stimson, then, as & negotiator to- day in Burope, has two main character- isties. The first is an open-mindedness toward internaticnal political measures for world betterment. The second is & strong disposition to better the United States by bettering Germany. * o x % At that point, though, Mr. Stimson is encountering & modifying current of t it from the French. The French thi that Germany should be better enough to be able to sit up and crochet, but not better e to be able to stand up and fight. The problem, there- fore, 1s to put Germany somewhere bee of | of 1930 were sell |tween a erocheting and a fighting state | of health. | Prime Minister Laval of France, | ing that for 10 years she will not i | creasé her expenditures upon arma- ments and will not raise any political | outcries on such topics as the proposed customs union with Austria or the pro- | posed reannexation to Germany of | German-inhabited territory now polit- | ically possessed by Poland. On those terms Prime Minister Laval is willing to see Germany given a long-term loan of $500,000,000, one-third of which would be allocated to investors in the | United States, who thus would get a chance to be helpful again. *xox Mr, Stimson will sign no treaty im- posing such terms upon Germany. The | methods of the new “league” will not | include many open covenants openly delivered to destruction in the United | States Senate. We shall not become parties directly at this time to any po- | litical readjustments between Berlin and Paris. The new “league” will be practical; and the practical point in | the “conversations” between the repre- sentatives of the various countries as- isembled in the new “league” will at this time be reached when Mr. Stimson, Mr. Mellon and Mr. Gibson decide to |say to the Germans regarding anv given development of the French terms: | | “we think you'd better,” or “We! | think you'd better not.” i 1 * % xw The American representatives will | doubtless say “you'd better not” until the terms proposed are such as will genuinely promcte German solvency; and then they will inevitably incline toward saying “you'd better.” They will simply say it, if and when | the appropriate moment ‘comes, and they will then return to the United States with no treaty, but with their | objective achieved. * x ¥ x Their strength in the negotiations is that they have to be satisfied if any part of the new long-term loan to Germany is to be taken in the United States. It is also possible to say that no part of that new loan will get suc- cessfully taken in the United States unless the new situation to be created in Germany is satisfactory to Mr. S. Parker Gllbert, formerly agent general for reparations payments at Berlin and now a partner in J. P. Morgan & Co. in New York City. He knows more about | German economic_strength and weak- ness than any other man living. His views have had a most persuasive weight with Mr. Stimson. It would seem certain that Mr. Stimson will not g0 against Mr. Gilbert's business judg- ment in the ultimate settlement. * % x President Hoover states that our spe- cial representatives in the present ne- gotiations will treat only of “the pres- ent emergency.” He is not supposed to mean that emergencies will cease. In fact, the history of the last few weeks proves that one emergency cfeates the next. When President Hoover an- nounced his reparations moratorium move, the German Young plan bonds “l"n rllcw lt'rhr!k -bbt:" 70. Subsequent political reverberations have sent them down far below that figure. The reparations moratorium move was not enough. It led on to the necessity of a next move. There will be next moves now in a continuous series; and the countries constituting the new economic “League of Nations” will tend to be in almost continuous “con- versdtional” session. The league for ace may stop, but the league for fisflufl will go on. So thinks Wash- ay. inglon toda¥.. o yrient, 1991 o Reduced Planting Is Only Wheat Solution The wheat problem has been going through rapid changes. There have been world meetings to agree upon & restriction of acreage, world marketing and methods of buying and selling on the exchange. Pinally some relief in the form of a moratorium is now being sought in this country for the farmers Who cannot meet their debts, if wheat/ contigues to sell as low as 25 cents a bushel. llow! the President's statement co:‘d’!’:\nmm{ specylators who, in “gelling short,” are driving down commodity rices, Vice xl:umber of members of Congress, in- Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Repregentative A. Piatt Andrew of Glougester proudly boasts that not only does his famous North Shore dis- trict of Massachusetts lure the largest number of diplomats and others from official Washington during the Summer season, but claims also that he has a constifuent who holds one of the most important posts in the National Capital, not on the Federal pay roll, but aiding the Government greatly in transacting its business efficiently. He refers to. John C. Remon, a native of Salem, Mass., who recently returned to the Capital as manager of the Ches- apeake & Potomac Telephone Co.. and promptly put through a $7,000,000 stock deal. One of the outstanding jobs achieved for the United States Government un- der Mr., Remon's administration has been_ transoceanic telephone service for | by the the White House and Department in negotiating the international holi- day in debt settlement. Out of 172,000 stations which come under the administration of Mr. Rem- on, with a $31,000,000 plant invest- ment, there are approximately 17,000 instruments in service of the Federal and District Governments. The United States Goverpment uses the telephone very extensively, both local and toll, in transaction of Government business. Besides this, as Washington is “the heart of the Nation, with press serv- ices, Washington correspondents for all the large papers throughout the world, with st brokerage houses ping in close touch with happen- ings here, there are more special wires in operation in Washington than any- where else in the ecountry, except New York. Besides, that, the information transmitted over thise wires is so im- portant and so vitally affects business and the welfare of the people that the service here has to be “right.” That's why Representative Andrew is s0 proud of his constituent’s having been chosen for such sn important ¥ml. This fellow Remon comes from an old Salem family that was in the busi- ness of repairing boats. He worked his way threugh high schoel and the Wor- cester Polytechnic Institute. He acted #5 8 guide to Hawthorne's “House of the Szven Gables” and other old Salem landmarks, he worked in a haberdash- ery store, and he operated a motor boat service carrying vizitors to places of interest along the old North Shore, Like another famous son of Massachusetts, who is now Secretary of the Navy, Rem- on is quite an amateur yachtsman and in ‘Lh younger days hi quite a reputation in Salem and Beverly ha bors, about Marblehead and in the f: mous Jubilee Yaeht Club races. He's heading “back home” for his Summer vacation and is looking forward to re- newing his youth on the waters off the North Shore. * k¥ In reply to several inquiries recently | received, Ansel Wold. one of the most efcient clerks on Capitol Hill, clerk to the Joint Committee on Printing and compiler of the monumental work, the “Blographical Directory of the Ameri- can Congress,” from 1774 to 1927, states authoritatively that a eabinet of- cer is not appointed for a fixed term and does not necessarily go out of of- fice with the President who appointed him, and, while it is customary to ten- der his resignation at the time a change of administration takes place, he remains formally at the head of his department until a successor is ap- pointed. _Subordinates acting tempo- rarily as heads of departments are not considered cabinet officers, and in the earlier period of the Nation's history rot all cabinet officers were heads of executive departments. The order of departmental precedence now observed Was not followed prior to the passage of the act of January 19, 1886, estab- lishing the line of presidential succes- sion. The names of all those exercis- ing the duties and bearing the re- spensibilities of the executive depart- ments, together with the period of their service, have been incorporated by Mr. Wold in his Biographical Directory. * ¥ x ¥ Pure food guaranteed for 1 cent. That's an alluring proposal made by Uncle Sam which Fas an especial ap- peal in this Summer season, when more than ordinary care must be exercised in this regard. It is a claim that Uncle Sam makes, based on achievement, ac- cording to Dr. W. C. Campbell, chief of the Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Agriculture, who is proud of the fact that the Federal pure food laws have been enforced at & cost to the Ameri- can public of but 1 cent per capita per year. —— vt —— Another Crisis Postponed. From the Plint Journal. i The latest British cabinet erisis has been postponed. Poor Ramsay Mac- Donald’s career has been just one long postponed crisis! bringing at Chicago? ity of tse farmer to get his Eflu for his products always has been the particular weakness of the American farmer. One of the members of the Federal Farm Board, Carl Willlams, has suggested that the grain futures act be modified by Congress, so as to give greater pub- licity to the names of those “using the commodity markst for speculative pur- poses, without nwners‘!‘a pt.tx contem- ated ownership of wheat.” P To meet just such conditions, the Federal Farm Board was created, an it is conceded the board done much for the farmers by helping build up co- operatives, loaning money to the wheat growers and keeping off the market its huge holdings of 275,000,000 bushels of wheat. Last week Chairman Stone of the Farm Board, replying to critics of the board’s stabilization, asserted tha at least $100,000,000 profit had come 1o the owners of wheat, although not all to the farmers, as a result of the Gov- ernment's efforts to bolster prices in the face of a declining market. * ¥ x ¥ Vice President Curtis and other rep- resentatives of Western wheat States are importuning the Farm Board to con- tinue to hold its whest and not let it get to market, even to the extent of the 5,000,000 bushels a month, which the board announced a couple of weeks ago it would do. The board, declining to change its general problem, indeed, dur- ing the past two weeks, has already dis- posed of more than 1,000,000 bushels of its surplus wheat holdings, as “emer- gency transactions.” Big wheat producers in the West and Southwest are enlisting the aid of the banks in putting off payments for farm implements for 30, 60 or 90 days, hoping that in that time wheat prices may be higher. In announcing on Priday that the board would not resume stabilization buying of wheat as demanded by the Southwestern farmers, Chairman Stone declared that so far as the board is con- cerned a moratorium on farm loans is impossible. B General conditions throughout the world indicate that there is no real so- lution to the problem except in reduced lanti R unavailing so far. come forward with a brillian that the Farm Board offer a bonus for to wheat this President_Curtis and & %Mfl flmmwfl?rfixm“fl {rim o Florida, are “i ing In , the so-called Capper-Dici gl.i?'whlch provides for the limitation of any one operator trading to _.tvo _l_nil- lion bushels 8 day, and his “long” or “short” position to a similar juantity. This jdea is also favored by futures administration of ment of Agriculture. * ¥ ¥ ¥ rs of Kansas are asking, “m'l‘he u‘m 4the spread between the 25 cents &_busnel, which the farmers Teceive, and the 51 cents that wheat i gral the Decpart-| . below normal in its output. ‘The one encoura; feature, from a standpoint the of wi .|his hip pocket {sum to be designated as d | church he mi t | satisfled that he could accomplish REVENUES IN HOTELS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Uncle Sam has been curious about how much the incidental operations of ia hotel are worth to it. His Census jBureau has just found out. Nearly one-efghth of the entire receipts of a typical American hotel arises from sources other than the direct renting of rooms and the serving of meals, ‘Whén you spend a dime to buy your hat back from the brunette at the check room, you ere adding to this tidy percentage. ‘When you buy a dol- lar's worth of cigars, a magazine or newspaper from the blond at the :&:r stand in the lobby, there is an T contribution. The barber shop in the ba2sement takes its toll, the manicurist nng_h ur bo':tbllfik.h e at suit which you have hotel valet while you lm pece the floor waiting for it and the laundry sent out, whether or not it is returned after your train time, all go to_swell these incidental revenues. Practices differ as to the manner in which the revenue comes to the hotel proprietor. In some cases the hat check tips, the cigar stand profits and all such revenues come direct to the hotel, the proprietcrs paying regular salaries ‘to the servitors. In other cases concessions are given, For ex- ample, if the hotel be one in a large eity and with a fashionable trade, a man will pay the hotel proprietor as high as $25,000 a year rent for the privilege of running the hat cheek rooms. ‘The eoncessionajre will hire the check girls at regular salaries. The tips handed to these smiling i ladies all go into the cash register o the boss. ‘The same system of renting conces- sions goes all the way through in many cases. The valet pays a regular hatel valet and for the privilege of obtaining the guests’ business. He may rent space inside the hotel or may have a shop outside, There are many ramifications to the renting of these privileges. Some hotels are paid as high as $10,000 a year for the privilege of removing their garbage. The purchasers obtain valuable products from it, soap-making material being one of the chief. Survey of Typleal State. In satisfying his curiosity about how ls are run, Uncle Sam has taken Illinois as a typical State and found that the thousand hostelries of that Midwestern Commonwealth collect $12,- 018,000 from these incidental sources. ligible side issues are in the hotel bu: are compared. Receipts from all sources amount to $93.126,000 a year. so the $12,000,000 from incidental sourees accounts for neariy an eighth of the entire hotel revenue. Hotel dining rooms, as a class, are the most expensive. Restaurant prices ordinarily are lower and lunch room, and tea room prices much lower. Yet only about twice as much is collected in the course of a year from meal service, compared with the $12,000,000 item for the incidentals. While there are a few more than | ness is realized when the total receipts 1,000 hotels in Illinois, the exact nym- ber which answered the Government's questionnaire was . These include only such houses as have 25 or more g::nt rooms. Apartmeént houses, clubs, rding houses and such room-renting organizations as the Y, M. C. A. Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. H.'A. are not included. The answering list includes both the mn and American plan hotels, !m in size and pretentiousness from the grand hotel type to the drum- mers’ refuge at the railroad junction. It is interesting to note the American plan hotel no longer is typically Ameri- ean. The American plan hotel makes @ flat rate for room and meals, the Eu- ropean plan hotel has & room rate and the guest buys his meals indepenaenuy in or out of the hotel as he chooses. Some hotels have both systems and the {uuz may elect his choice. In Illinois here are 901 European plan hotels, 4¢ :]nmcnn plan and 41 operating both ians. Of the $93.126,000 which these Ilii- nois hotels take in during a year $51,- 638,000 is for rooms, by far the largest item. The next item is for meals, $19,- 335,000. Hotel dining reoms do a very large restaurant business with persons other than occupants of their rooms as customers. The Illinois hotels have capacity to permit 36.842 diners to sit down at one time. Hotels are favorite places for business men's lunches. Clubs, such as the Rotary and Kiwanis, have their regular luncheons in_ hotels, and the hotel restaurant is a favorite social rendezvous. Permanent Guests. Hotels are attracting an increasing number of permanent residents. Of the 986 Illinois hotels 182 of them report that three-quarters of their guests are permanent residents. Every hotel has some permanent guests who have no other residence. Nor do these perma- | nent_hotel dwellers stay especially in | American plan hotels. "Hotels offer & freedom from household worries, and | many permanent residents do not even | want to be bound to a routine of din- | ing at the same place. | _Any hotel employe will tell you that the permanent resident is not so free a | spender as the transient, however, and | these new statistics go to prove the assertion. The hotels having mainly & transient trade collect a total revenue of $35,295,000, of which $6,812,000 springs from incidental revenues. Ho- tels with mainly a permanent guest list collect a total of $18,597,000, of which only $1,432,000 comes from incidentals. The transients are sufficiently free- handed in the incidental expenditures | to make up more than one-sixth of the | total revenues, while the transient pays | but one-thirteenth in this way. R'u (one of those inexplicable oddities of human nature that the hotel guest who may never see a certain waiter again . will give him a larger tip than he gives the one who serves him every day. | Justice would seem to dictate that the | regular, faithful servitor be the more | generously rewarded, but_justice is not | found very frequently. The hotel gets | it anyway in many cases, usually in the | cases where the tips are the larger. Fifty Years Ago In The Star As the days passed after the shoot- ing of President Garfield. 50 years How Guiteau L a tient uemr"d o }::e rzcovering from his Shot Garfield. young: “puplic at- tention turned toward Guiteau, the sassin. In The Star of July 14. 1881, | is printed the following statement pre- pared by District Attorney Cerkhill re- garding the prisoner: “The assassin, Charles Guiteau, came to Washington on Saturday evening, March 6, 1881, and stopp>d at the Ebbitt House, remaining only one day. | He then secured a room in another part of the city and has boarded and roomed at various plac:s. On Wednes- day, May 18, the assassin determined to murder the President. He had neither money nor pistol at the time. About the last of May he went into O’Meara’s store, corner of Fifteenth and P streets, in this city, and exam- ined some pistols, asking for the largest caliber. He was shown two, similar in caliber and only different in the price. June 8 he purchased the pistol which he used, for which he paid $10, he having meantime borrowed $15 from a gentleman in this city on the plea that he wanted to pay his board bill. On the same evening about 7 o'clock he took the pistol and went to the foot of Seventeenth street and practiced firing at a board, firing 10 shots. He then returned to his boarding place and wiped the pistol dry and wrapped it in his coat, and waited his oppor- tunity. “On Sunday morning, June 12, he was sitting in Lafayette Park and saw the President leave for the Christian Church, on Vermont avenue, and he at once returned to his room, obtained the pistol, put it in his hip pocket and followed the President to church; he entered the church, but found he could not kill him there without danger of killing some one else. He noticed that the President sat near a window; after an examination of the window and found he could reach it without any trouble and that from this point he ceuld shoot the President thruu!lh the head without killing any one else. The following Wednesday he went to the church, examined the lo- cation and the window and beum purpose, and he determined, therefore, to make the attempt at the church follo Sunday. “He learned from the papers that the President would leave the city on Saturday, the 18th of June, with Mrs. Garfield, for Long Branch: he there- meet him at the depot. 5 o'clock Ssdurday and went co™n to the river at the foot of Sevenicenth street and fired five shots to practice his aim and be cer- tain his pistol was in good order, He then went to the depot and was in the ladies’ waiting room of the depot, with his pistol ready, when the presi- dential party entered. looked “He says Mrs. Garfield 50 weak and frail that he had not the heart to shoot the President in her presence and, as he knew he would have another opportunity, he left the depot. He had ‘)mvh\uly engaged a carriage to take him to the jail. “On Wednesday evening the Presi- dent and, I think, United States Mar- shal Henry went out for a ride. assassin his pistol and followed them and watched them for some time in hopes the carriage would stop, but no opportunity was given. On ay evening, July 1, he was sitting on the seat in the park opposite the White House when he saw the President eome out alone; he followed him down the Avenue to Pifteenth street and then P g the resi- dence of Secretary Blaine. He waited Mr. Morton's lat pon. the morning of Saturday, July 3, he breakfasted at the Riggs Hc sbout 7 o'clock. He then walked up into the park and sat there for an hour. He then took a one-horse Ave- and | carefully tried the shoes Onsnd a hackman for $2 to him the jail, went into the r-closet and took his and unwrapped the around it, which he had he purpose of preventing on Feels Easier Over German Crisis | ‘ it | | Lond BY A. G. GARDINER. | LONDON, July 18.—Not since the thrilling days of the general strike has this country experienced such a period of nervous tension as during the present week. Hope ard fear have chased each other across the stage irom day to day, almost hour to hour, under the difficul- ties raised by France to co-operation in the Hoover moratorium plan and the consequent r<percussions in Germany. ‘The effect of the introduction of | French demands for political guarantees as a condition for co-operation in ren- | dering economic ald was disastrous and, with the ‘Danat Bank catastrophe and the closing of all German banks at the | b:ginning of the week, the gravest fears | prevailed in this city in view of the enormous German commitment in Lon- don acceptance houses. ¥ & | This observer has learned from an authoritative French source that France had not intended to make political de- | mands as a formal requirement, but put forward the suggestion to the British tentatively on the ground that such & gesture by Germany would influence Prench public opinion and make the | task of French statesmen easier. Whate ever the intention was, the effect on | situation up to Wednesday night to be fatal. But Foreign Minister Hene derson’s visit to Paris coincided with & | change in the atmosphere, and the afa | nouncement Thursday night that the | propos:d visit of Premier MacDonald | and Foreign Minister Henderson to Ber« | lin this week end had been postponed in favor of the seven-power conferenee |in London next week cregted a more | hopeful view of the situaflon. It is generally recognized that the | cordial co-operation of Henderson and | Secretary Stimson in Paris constitutes a powerful safeguard against a com- plete breakdown, and the fear of being | morally isolated is beginning to exer- | cise an influence on the French attitude. | Moreover, the drastic steps taken by | the German government and the Reichsbank to check the flight of the mark and stabilize the internal situa- tion has made a favorable impression in both London and Paris. The disquiet= ing feature of the outlook is the signifi- cant attack on the London conference by the Paris newspaper Le Temps, which _is notoriously the vehicle of the Quai D'Orsay. 4 i ‘The first reactions here to the pro= posed international $500,000,000 loan to Germany, unaccompanied by political guaranties, were favorahble, but hesita- tion is expressed in many quarters at the French suggsstion that instead of a direct loan the German loan shoyld be made through the Bank of England. The found for the suggestion is that Prench participation in a direct loan in- volves the summoning of the French Chamber of Deputies, but feeling here : ;.dva'reu to thh‘m::try assuming any rate respons es in regard to the transaction. The results of Bruening's and Curtius’ visit te Paris this weck end are awaited here with some anxiety as foreshadowing the success or failure of the London conference. Satisfactiont was expressed that all the countries concerned, in- cluding Japan, will be represented at the conference, and especially at the fact of the full participation of the United States, for whom Stimson will be pres- ent not as an official ohserver, but as an active member. The fact is commented upon in the press as significant of tae change which has taken place in regard to the American attitude toward Euro- pean relations and as having an im- portant bearing on the issue of the event. * ¥ % ¥ x the moment the omems are re- rming consequences of 1 her fereign ::dlt. lnflo n:\ g:h‘:’:h:‘r France ite | hand has enabled louse | viting loss of prestige, ustion. «Copyrignt,19: igger and ther :Iurnod’ and took a seat in /aiting room, and, 8s soon as the Presi- dent entered, advanced behind him fired two shots. e - “These facts, I think, ean be relied nzm as accurate and I give them to wil'l: to contradict &-mm w. .Nm this .