Evening Star Newspaper, March 22, 1931, Page 51

AVIATION BY JOSEPH S. EDGERTON. LOWERS which may or may not|grim loom in the Spring tra-la (or lbfi modern ivifenl. boop- bwp-n-dnop) hlve to do with ong-mflerln who havz to fly through the accumu- lations of meteorological trash served out during the month of March on the coastline passing through the National Capital. March is a sad and dreary month, in- deed, for the men who push around the night atrmail. 8] onions m ing flowers and one to them when mg coudl. rain, snow, sleet and ice to make the days unpleasant ma the nights offensive. Verne E. Treat, champion hard-luck man on the Eastern Air Transport ros- ter of night mail pilots, has been spe- clally signaled out for rough usage by Boreas and Pluvius in the gentle Spring. Treat is the kind of chap who would walk up to a March lamb Co fondle its fleecy wool only to have it shed it§ skin and become a raging, ranting March lion right under his very nose. March storms have smacked Treat down out of the skies too often for_the '.he mythical club d out of an ice-laden hne in the dead of a when and helpla- 0 miles out of the Capi- normy night Hair Whiteness. Treat has celebrated other March days by lving thrcugh experiences which would be justification for the hair of an infant turning white. Two years ago, ?M in a fog with a bdky motor, he lan edlntnmnem started by parachute flares which he dropped to guide him down. A few days later he climbed without a scratch out of the wreckage of a mail plane which was almost wmehuly demol- ished as a result of breaking in two in | Pose & forced landing on a mud flat and then plowing through an iron fence. Henry T. (Dick) Merrill also has suffered from the vagaries of early Spring weather. He is the second pilot cut off by the fog a year ago this month. Merrill cruised around seeking a way to safety lur houn and then, just when he was to con- template joining lhe m'p lar Club, there was a tiny opening ln the fog and he drop&):d down to a safe landing in a tiny 1d near Appomatox, Va. A year earlier, however, the Spring weather gods were not so kind to him, and he was injured in a forced landing at Rlchman times pilots along the line have to sa weather and have ot- ten mn with difficulty. Forced land! because of March storms have bezn frequent. And so, while March may be ‘welcomed by hrge portions of the amiable populace as an earnest of com- ing Spring, it is no boon to the airmail pilots, who can find pleasures in the warm, fogless nights of Summer or the cfll&.eelm nights of Winter, but not in fickle and treacherous nights of early Spring. Naval Aviation Busy. ‘Though the United States fleet naval aviation units have in vessels | installed for vxpenmenhl to work out three distinct battle prob- lems, which will require them to range the entire Caribbean Sea from the Pan- northern limits of ‘Working nonh !mm the ) Spanish Main_thgough tropical seas, the scouts and fighting mn o{ sky and sea will bring the vmnczn of modern warfare to seas where pirates plied their BE THRIFTY ~-BUY QUALITY A BIG SIX, priced like a four | | trade in the wooden ships of an- other day. Their nir exercises, of the type which have made American naval aviation a world model of efficiency, will involve all units of the scouting fleet and the U. 8. S. Saratoga and U. 8. 5. Lexing- aires carriers from the battle In all, there will be 1 battle- 3 aircraft tenders, 13 surface, and the aerial fem will in- clude virtually all typu Navy air- shore-based patrol Though the forces will go on combat status fomorrow morning &t dawn, the climax of the first problem will not be reached until Thursday, when the two carrier groups will search fof and oper- ate offensively against each other in the southwestern waters of the Carib- bean Sea. In one group will be the Saratoga and six cruisers, with an ap- strength of 88 planes. In will be the Lexing- with approxi- mately the same air force. Destroyers as Screen. ‘The second problem is to be “fousht” in mid-Caribbean on March 27 an. "fll U. 8. 8. Lexington and six cruisers, with their aircraft, will form the attacking force and will be pitted against a force composed of the battleship Arkansas, the U. 8. 8. Langley, second-line air craft carrier, and the destroyer sjuad- rons of the Scouting Fieet, includiny the U. 8. 8. Concord, cruiser flagship of the squadrons, 24 destroyers and 2 destroyer tenders. It will be the duty of the defending force to detect air at- tacks delivered against it, using de- stroyers as a “screen,” and to repel llr attacks by means of the Langley's In the third phase of the air ma- neuvers the attacking unit will be com- posed bf the main body of surface craft, augmented by a carrier group. The tar- get will be the Cuba-Haiti area, which will be defended by a carrier group and two squadrons of Navy patrol planes operating from a fleet air base. The attacking force will include the Arkansas, Langley, destroyer squad- rons, Lexington and six cruisers, with an aircraft strength of about 100 planes. In the ranks of the defenders will be the - Saratoga and six cruisers, aug. mented by patrol planes operating with aircraft tenders, the defense force tlotaling approximately 127 planes. It will be the mission of the defend- ing force to reduce surface ship strength of the attackers, while the primary at- tack mission will be to destroy the air force of the defense so that a landing force may be put ashore. The air forces to be operated lving the three problems wfll mclude pproximately 90 fighting planes, 60 scouting planes, 12 patrol planes, 36 torpedo planes and 20 utility planes. Upon completion of the problems the Saratoga and Lexington are to return to San Pedro, Call Monument Lighted. " every night from lort to reduce its po- an eff oenmuuhnnmwnmm-n nlfllru' ts in_the | cl four sides were purposes, lmul present red windows on uch of the e Shiuts maeuhod ot Semine e some of shaft is de ‘The lights which will be visible in the Monument tonight and evc'?unl.m are 16-inch “course lights” of than any other ear at the price @8 The new Willys Six is the fastest and most powerfal car you can buy at such a low price . .. You must put the Willys Six .THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MARCH 22, 1931—PART FOUR. G Ay ,’f” A or more than of Washington's characte: Valley at the age of sixteen. Ferry a3 - century and a half the “Belvoir” r forming days--the “Belvoir” of his ardent youth--has been but.a memory. From this site, on U, S. Route 1, set out upon surveying expeditions in the Shenandoah below Alexandria, he ing over the Occoquan & River at the right, he soon plunged into forest trails fgZ7 G leading toward the Blue Ridge Mountains. 2% WASHINGTON S TRAVELS ear_“Prince William County Court House of the day”, he crossed “Cedar Run", a rock- ledged étream which flows near the village, and came out upon what is now U. 5. Route 211 which leads from Washington, D. C., through Warrenton to New 'Market. Virginia. is focused through a 16-inch red lens to form a warning which on clear nights may be visible for & distance of 20 miles or more. Use of the red warning lights will not interfere with the flood-lighting of the shaft, which will be continue: as in the It is not e: led'.hlt the mere ?I[hun: of the ft at its top will be entirely satisfactory, since there are times when low clouds may shroud the of the Monument, cut- ting off the lights, though still leaving space beneath the oloud ceiling in which aircraft may operate. The pres- ent arrangement, however, is & com- mendable step forward and should help reduce what has been & decided source of peril to airplane pilots and pessengers operating over the Capital after nightfall. Emergency Ficlds Used. ed use of intermediate landing along the Federal airways 1§ dication of & growth of e e that Inc | fields lven Sir trafe and a gravitation of shere landi facilities, weather re- pe :4 and ut?:'er urvicu are nvlunble ds ept on“i:ntamedflu flelds, together wmn land! planes have been the mhnl ‘!OE .“cth or thset:‘r:nufm‘ extensive use of some of the intermediate fields. In one three- day period 32 landings were m.de cn the intermediate fleld at Clarion, durm the course of such & nurc hborinz intermediate fl!ldl were November ‘ejon an - ley intermediate fields in the Tehacha- ple Mountains of California were used as bases for aircraft in the search for a missing Mng phnde" to the extent of 110 landings in two days. Records of landings at intermediate fields furnish valuable information for use in de'nnmnl future fleld loca- tions. indicate that mn.rked change in w phy or climato. conditions ] result in com tvely ( uent use of an intermediate field at a point though nearby ficlds on t.he same airway may offer better facili- ties. There arc many illustraticns of this fact. The intermediate field at Concord, Calif,, on the edge of the fog belt at San Francisco-Oakland, is used often when those cities are fog-bound. When fog blankets the Sacramento Valley n: planes find refuge at the Auburn field on the west slope of the Sierras. Though there are eight intermediate fields between Reno and Elko, Ne t,he Hum dt River v-lley, was used for ings than more emergency la other seven combined, notwithstanding the fact that several of them are some- whn lnnr. same is true between Elko and snlt Lake City. The Wendover field, at the foot of memmmfllnlouol a series of high mountain ranges and valleys, on the edge of momtult used than all the other and more power trafic toward the established alrways | Atlanta. um‘de!romthedeunwchc h than all the | from n fhe airway from Los Angeles to Bnlt Lake Oity, 090 mneu of me airway southwest of Salt Lake Oity lie on an arid plateau at an average altitude of 4,000 feet. The route then drops ab- ruptly down through OCajon Pass into the sea-level valley from San Bernar- dino into Angeles. Baldy Mesa Fleld, at the east portal of the ), Was used for 93 memncy m lu year, & bined m“"”’“ Yo Siher 15 mwmequ md climate are less mnlua. but the rule still holds good. On the Atlanta- Chicago airway the fleld at Greenville, Ky, at the point where the terrain cbanges from that of the Mississippi | Valley farm lands to the rocky uplancs | of the Appalachian region, was used far oftener than any other fleld for emer-. | gency land'ngs. Forced landings at| Greenville last year totaled 46, as against an average of only nine per field between Greenvile and Chicago and 18 per field between Greenville and . ‘The two flelds closest to the line of change east of ns be- twnn the coastal fogs and local mrml th seaboard and the clearer condi- num the Pledmont region also were heavily used as compared with fields away from mt::dnvlnt of change. ‘The in te landi fl!ldl along the Federal airways have n selected and developed with a great deal of care, based on all the available experience, and are clearly marked for the use of pllots flying the airways. They are in- tended to provide a haven of safety in case of emergency and are available for such use to any airplane flying along the airways. Ingalls Lauds Autogiro. ‘The autogiro, that peculiar-looking contraption which on the ground re- sembles the sad and drooping theme of an aviator'’s nightmare and which in the air looks like nothing 8o much as & misplaced windmill, received & {lowinl vote of confidence from David 8. ngalls, Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Aeronautics, in the course of a radio talk to his fellow Ohloans during the Mr. xnmu expressed the belief that “missing link,” connecting the speed of air travel with the utter safety of a bnby carriage on & shelured prome- " ‘would be difficult, said Mr. Ingalls, to find any place in the United States where a man could not. lnnd n nuw- | giro_safely. d will &o tne trick, he decl Lud 'ryu Navy, Repreununa the nm Teally original means of flying nn;e flyln( became an established mea tion, the autogiro may prove to be aviation's | PA! teenth century and became one of avia- tion's pioneer failures. He made his aeronautical debut from the top of & great stone tower overlooking én aston- lahed old Spanish river. With the wings fastened to his corpus, the monk launched himself into space off the and tower, confidently expécting to flap his way to the far shore. His reward prob- b sblywouldhavobeen-mflmchu-m of witch craft, sorcery and connivance with the evil one had his attempt been successful. History draws a tain over the scene, however, at the point where Elmerus lsunched himself into space, leaving him dangling there ugh the centuries. ‘Today,” sald Mr. Ingalls, with all the sang froid of an old-time pilot dis- cussing vital statistics _concerning an unforiunate brother flyer, ‘no one knows just what happened to the monk, |but T have a firm conviction that his | confidence was more or less misplaced.” The sad fate of the monk Elmerus and of other worthy pioneers in the art of flying whose confidence too, alas, was misplaced makes the achievement of Senor de 1a Cierva all the more bril- [gg liant and refreshing, Mr. Ingalls told the listening Ohioans. New Organigation Planned, An attempt to organize the initial chapter of what is hoped will develop into an international aviation organi- zation will be made at a mass meeting in the Carlton Hotel at 8 o'clock Tues- day night. The meeting will be open to all those in the National Capital who are engaged in the varicus phases of aeronautical activity, civil and govern- mental. At this meeting the scope of the or- ganization, its future field of activity, membership requirements and other or- ganization matters will be discussed. The name “International Air Lej has been adopted tentatively, and the present plans contemplate a fraternal and business type or organization. Comforts of Home. Some of the comforts of home are enjoyed by the crews of the big new Navy patrol planes. The P3M-1 types now being turned out for long-range trol flying have unusually spacious hulls, divided into two large compart- ments, large enough to afford short promenade space for members of the crew while off duty. The compartments are fitted with sleeping quarters. The P3M-1 planes are being con- structed for the Na the Martin plant in Baltimore. They are the production models of the XPY type n” | personal Ceoar Run | Marine Corps Notes l Brig. Gen. Ru!ua H. l.-ne, wuhnt f the ft Wash- Haitian iblic wul be inspected, repul cluding the mountain districts, and upon the return of Gen. Lane he is to submit an official report to the com- mandant of the corps. Brig. Gen. George Richards, pay- master of the corps, is on an official in- spection trip which will include the corps unit stationed at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and several other points in qu the West Indies. Capt. Lee W. Wright will join Gen. Richards at Key West, and will act as gide from thence to the conclusion of inspection trip which will be approximately about April 5. According to high authority at corps headquarters, four captains of the line of the corps will shortly be detalled to u)npornry lordcn shmc duty in Spain | % llnlll age special Jicked detail of 12 Marines were umar for temporary duty aboard the U. 8. 8. Arizona just prior to the departure of that vessel from Hampton Roads last Thursday. The men so de- tailed will augment the Marine detach~ ment already serving aboard that vessel |3 . |and will in the main be available for to President orderly duty Indies trip. Hoover while on his West Another specially pic picled detail of 28 enlis men_ of co'rpa have been sent the Pruldenu Rapldu Va. These men will s iy get the camp in ship shape by the time the — e built for the Navy in 1929 in accord- ance with winning plans in an exten- sive competition. The big boat has a wingspan of 100 feet and is powered by two Pratt & Whitney geared engines. These b planes were first put through a series of rl(l }fer{omtnoe& tests at the Ana- val Alr Station before their wccpunne for naval duty. ig | team captain, and Sergt. J. E. Yo Eumnt returns from his present ses Ip. Second Lieut. W. F. Bryson, who is under orders to proceéd to Nicaragua, is in the ecity temporarily, stopping at 173111901{ Chiet Pay Clerk uwnd 7, Donzelly, i"'i' on duty_with she 34 Brigade of to corps Mm' e . (st Lieut Albuth L. Gardner, here- this city, has_been ordered 8o the Quanticp ‘base for duty. Alfred A. Cénningham of the Ma. line of the has been detailed to staff duty as an assistant quartermaster. Frist Lieut. Shelton C. Zem. at_pres- ent on sea duty aboard U. 8. 8. Sacramento, upon repomn lief is to be assigned to antico Harold D, Cam cunpben on aviation heretofore ordered to the San Diego base, has been ordered to m [ station at Quantico instead. First Lieut. Brownlo Ivy ordmd to his home on of a re- uty at the ‘The Marine cvrr Examining Board hat found the following named offi- cordance G‘rm remx!'fiyomu . l;m“. seniority been promoted nn’!w m‘@fi commissions in the grade indicated, te- R:ctlvely Lieut. Col. William ckley, Capt. Daniel R. Fox, o-pt.. Ralph W. 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