Evening Star Newspaper, February 21, 1931, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. —_— WASHINGTON, D. C. BATURDAY...February 21, 1031 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper (:omunyl Business Office St. and Pennsylvania Ave, | ork Office: 110 kasi 42nd 8t. fice: Lake Michican Buildl cago Fobe 14 Regent 3., London, nd, ropean By ‘when e Sunday Colle-tion made ders may be sent Pational ‘s000: .50 per ihe ‘end 'of ‘each month. 3 05 natl of telephons Rate by Mall—Payable in Advance. Maryiand and Virginia. Ir. $10.00 l-o.m 7r *38.00: § mo.. yr. $4.00; 1 mo., All Other States and Canada. i1y and Sunday...1yr. 31200 1 mo., 31,00 - .00; 0., b0 :H.,"“Zfinf 1om 88 1men I Member of the Associated Press. Associated Press 1s exclusively entitled 10 the use for republicatior of sll news dis- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- e retne” A viches of Bublication of erein: atches herein are also reserved. —_— A Smashing Victory. ‘The congressional opponents of under- age kindergarten instruction in the Dis- triet Public Schools have won & smash- ing victory on all fronts, and twenty | children under the age of five years will be deprived of & kindergarten teacher and receive the attentions of & matron. The triumph is notable. These twenty children who have not yet reached the legitimate school age of five constituted a menace to the principles of free education and were guilty of nothing less than a raid upon the Treasury of the United States. “The local community of taxpayers and their Board of Education took the strange point of view that the kinder- gerten was a valuable asset of the Webster Americanization School. The mothers of these children, women of foreign birth, had to leave their chil- dren somewhere during their attend- ance at classes in the Americanization school, and it was foolishly deemed wise that the children receive the at- tentions of a kindergarten teacher for the help in social adjustment that the Uttle “furriners” would thereby receive. Besides, there were ten other children of # legitimate school age in the kinder- Uhlll‘gfil'fl Eoecial du garten. But fearlessly attacking the problem with a courage reminiscent of the founding fathers and with a vim, vigor and valor that is sublime, the rzpre- sentatives of the people of the United States of America—excepting those of the District of Columbia—in Congress assembled have substituted & matron for the kindergarten teacher, ‘ihe twenty children will be cared for, but not cne bit of instruction will they receive. The kindergarten room will b: maintained a8 usual, but not s0 much as a whisper imparting knowledge will be permitted. If one of the youngstars brazenly at- tempts to sing “My Country, 'Tis of Thee"—out the chick should go, and slong with him the matron Who per- mitted him thus to show the results of kindergarten training. As for the ten other children, they must go to other schools if their parents can get them there. Otherwise they will have no kind:rgarten instruction. The taxpayers' money must be preserved at all costs, possibly to pay the soldiers’ bonus. The courageous action of the Congress of the United States in substituting a matron for a kindergarten teacher at the Webster School should stir the heart of every patriot. The Government at Washirgton still lives! —— o Emergency Runs. It looks very much as if the time had | arrived for another Pclice Department eampaign to convince motorists that the regulation in the traffic code which orders automobile drivers to pull up to the curb and stop at the sound of a fire or ambulance siren was not simply written in to All up space. Despite the common sense of this regulation, its necessity, and its use in every city in the country, the motorists of Wash- ington probably flout it more flagrant- | Iy than any other rule with the possible | exception of the regulation pertaining to parking. It would seem logical to believe that Bo motorist would risk a collision with the heavy apparatus and that every| motorist would realize that the loss of 8 few seconds to him in stopping is as nothing compared to the necessity for firemen to save time in reaching the scene of a blaze. Yet the facts are exactly the opposite, as proved by hundreds of emergency runs. Motorists will get in the way of the unwieldy fire engines and will selfishly hog the right of way whether they have any | particular destination®or, not. | If every person whg deliberately risks his own life and delays the apparatus would think how he would feel if his own home were on fire and his loved ones trapped on the upper floors, per- haps he might have a change of hear There are plenty, however, on whom this reasoning hes no effect and it is distinctly up to the plice to see to 1t that these recalcitrants undergo & little sessfon with the heavy hand of the law. pECE— - Much of what passes for “Soviet propaganda” Is probably the native ex- pression of persons who desire to be considered startiingly original. — ey Foiling the Filchers. Are the crooks losing their cunning, the gunmen their nerve? This question 18 prompted by a chain of recent hap- penings in and around Washington. Several attempted hold-ups have been thwarted by swift reactions on the part of the intended victims or persons near- | by. One of these was the affair at Bethesda, where a band of youthful ryobbers was scaltered and eventually caught by the prompt onset of & man with & broom. Then there was the af- fair at the Union Station, where a pair of thieves, after a bit of careful piot- ting, got away with a bunch of worth- less Government currency fragments. The success of the recent counter assaults upon armed rascals is not to be regarded as warrant for similar enterprise in all instances. Such suc- and make & change of driving habit. | and initiative in almost all cases. may be that these late instances rcuted rogues were due wholly to novelty of counter attack. It is mot in the book that the person confronted with a gun should assume the offensive, or that bystanders should butt into the game with impromptu weapons. Pos- sibly as soon as the lawless ones realize that the tables may be turned on them by any of their intended vic- tims they will be prepared for quicker action on their own part. Very much to the point is it that those who have been caught in these recent table-turning encounters should be given the shortest possible shrift in court, to make their way in the briefest | time to the penalties that their deeds | merit. The quicker the law may be in | the punishment of the crook, the foot- pad, the eracksman, the guaman any one of the brotherhood of crime—young or old, amateur or professional, the sooner the percentage of successful crime will diminish and the slower will be the recruiting for the army of the Iawless. .-omo Muscle Shoals. For years the further development of the Muscle Shoals power and nitrate project has been held up while pro- ponents of Government cperation and supporters of private operation have struggled for supremacy in Congress. Many proposals have been made in con- nection with the project, including that submitted by Henry Ford. All have been rejected, and now at length an- other Muscle Shoals bill has been agreed to in conference between the two houses of Congress, and the House yesterday by a vote of 216 to 153 accepted the conference report. The Senate is expected to take similar ac- tion. The supporters of Government ownership and operation have won the victory in the so-called compromise agreement between the two schools of thought. The bill as adjusted in conference provides for Government operation of the power plant and for the construc- tion at Government expense of trans- mission lines into the States to which the power may properly be sent. The fertilizer plant, the bill states, may be leased by the President to private in- terests. However, if no lease is made within twelve montis after the law be- comes effective, then the Government is to go ahead and operate the fertilizer plant. Opponents of the measure as it comes from the Conference Committee insist that it is socialistic; that it puts the Government into business in com- petiticn with private enterprise. The supporters of. the measure, on the other hand, deny that 1 is sccialistic, cleim that it guards the interests of the Gov- ernment and the people in this naturai resource, and that it keeps the power development out of the hands of the “power trust” and gives the users of power and light a belter “bregk " Furthermore, they ineist that the terms for leasing the nitrate or fertilizer plant are liberal and that the President should have no difficulty in finding lessees for the plant, thereby eliminat- ing the possibility of having the Gov- ernment engage in the manufacture and sale of nitrates and fertilizer ma- terial wiih private manufacturers. Precident Hoover will have ty de- termine whether the bill is viclative @f the principles in which he believes and whether it is in the public interest to approve cr disapprove the measure Several years ago & measure sponsored by Senator Norris of Nebraska for straightout Government operation was put through Congress and it was sent at the close of a Congress to Presi- dent Coolidge, who kHled it by a pocket veto. President Hoover in the present instance would be able to follow the same course &s his predecessor and pocket the bill, letting it dle. For the bill now cannot rexch him in time tc compel the Chief Executive to sign it or return it to Congress with his veto, which might be overridden. The ten- day period will not expire until after the Congress has adjourned March 4, for Sundays are not counted. No intimation has yet come from the White House regarding the course which President Hoover will follow. One prediction 1s that he will send the bill back to the Congress with a veto message, and that the Congress will not be able to pass it over his veto. The vote in the House yester- day is indicetive that it cannot be put tirough if the President disapproves the bill, for more than one-third of the membership of the House voted sgainst the conference report, If the President follows this course, he will pass on to the next Congress the cld struggle over Muscle Shoals legisla- tion, which has been going on for more than a decade - Chicago campaigners are inclined to throw souvenirs at one another in a manner which becomes so rough that the growing custom of announcing that there will be no speeches may have to be applied to political gatherings as well 23 to banquets. - B Pity the Plight of King Zog! King Zog's Narrow escape from death at the hends of assassins in Vienna does not end the “blood feud” that was sworn agalust him some years ago by Albanian mountaineers because of the siaying of & chieftain. He may con- tinue to evade the darts and daggers and bullets of feudmen until he dies & natural death, from the affliction for which he s at present in Vienna for treatment or some other heritage of the flesh. But so long as he occuples the precaricus position of King of Albania he will be in peril. The state may sur- round him with guards until he is & virtual prisoner within his palace or within the narrow confines of the paths he travels in his outings. These assail- ants who have just falled in Vienna may be slain in penalty. Their co-oper- ators and abettors may be found and punished. But the blood feud will re- main to menace him so long as life re- mains within him. For that is the nature of the feud among such peoples as the Albanians. King Zog's career has been spectac- ular. He fought with the Ausirian Army during the Grest War and won an honorable record. Head of the Zogoli, one of the old families of rank and power in the state, he re- | | | 1 | THE - EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, executive in Europe. In 1898 he ex- ecuted & coup d'etat and transformed republic into a monarchy, with himself as King, being proclaimed in September of that year. It was thought generally that the kingship would be satisfactory to the Albanians, who prior to the war had tolerated the Prince of Weld in that role, though he was an alien, nominated by the Teutonic powers, because of the restoration of monarchy to sccord to an ancient tra- dition. But the blood feud declared t Zog by mountain tribesm made him a decidedly “bad risk" in that role. Albania’s relations to the larger nelghbor across the Adriatic are such as to create friction in the state and the immediate surroundings. Italy's influence is unmistakably dominant at Tirana, the capital. Tnis is not al- together satisfactory to many of the Albanians, who, despite their disagree- ments with the Jugoslavs on the north and the Greeks on the east and south, prefer an Oriental-Adriatic relationship to any Occidental direction. It is com- monly accepted in Albania that Italien forces would be quickly on the spot in case of & revolutionary outbreak. 1In these circumstances it is not & matter of wonder that King Zog prefers Vienna to Tirana, even st the cost of a troublesome throat that requires treatment. It does seem harsh that he should not have found security even in the Austrian metropolis, with all the safeguards that were there given for his protection. ————— Having become accustomed by offictal experfence to the study of disagree- ments, Ex-President Coolidge is now requested to take & commanding posi- tion In the dairy business. His accept- ance might enable him to exercise val- uable influence on behalf of the people in controversies regarding the price of milk. - A Baltimore game warden shot and killed & man for catching fish in the State hatchery at Indian Head. A D. 0O, SATURDAY, FE THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Recently we received an inquiry from a lady reader as to what one should wear in the garden, We don't know what one should wear in the garden. Anything old, we suspect. Anything you don't have to think about, or be careful for, or feel strange in. One ought to feel at home in the gar- den, even more 0 than in the house, if possible. One reason why so many people never feel at home in their gardens is be- cause they are not sheltered enough. ‘The garden which lies exposed to every passing -and prying -eye Is not | the perfect garden. | It does not approach the true gar- | | de he public garden is at best an at- tempt at the rveal thing, a pretty ap- proach, & stab, a feint. * ok %k If you want to see a real garden, and therefore to learn what one s<hould wear in & real garden, by all means you should meke the “tour” of th Georgetown gardens, if this fleg: is offzred the general public this year. Many of those old places are hedged in, and fenced in, and walled in, until the visitor feels as if he has dropped from the street into a little bit of Heaven here on earth. Ore might wear almost nothing at all, in such a place, with the greutes degree of propriety. Nudity in the garden, however, Is not to be gecommended. ‘There are too many Insects, for one | thing. They have the habit of biting one in the most outrageous manner, and in the most unexpected places | Hands and face, and perhaps the arms, are quite enough to expose to their treasure hunt. x oxox % i Perhaps a beautiful lady occaslonally | thinks about her gardening costume, but, for the most part, real gardeners, both men and women, amateur as well as professional, give no thought to what they wear, except that it be comfortable | and preferably old, or oldish. Real gardening is more than posing in a big floppy hat with a trowel in one | hend and an expiring rose in the other. ‘The work of the garden often is dirty egain slight break in monotony is afforded by the reminder that rum running is not the only source of seafaring tragedy in times of peace. S A conspicucus part in the Power | Commission battle may serve to revive interest in John W. Davis as & possible Democratic candidate for the presi- dency. A defeat is never final in American politics. —_— o A United States President works hard. It may be assumed that Presi- dent Hoover will enjoy his next well earned fishing trip more than any he has previously taken. Many men who acquire money in large quantities gravitate toward Flor- ida, a State now too prosperous and busy to demand absolute proof of the respectability of every bank account. — e SHOOTING STARS. work, in the strictly literal sense. ‘The proper male garb for this| activity consists of an old pair of pants, | old shirt, and perhaps an old hat. | Notice we do not say trousers. No one can wear trousers in the garden except in walking through it. The m: ment he stops 1o work, or stoops to work, they become pants. Explain transformation if you can! ‘Phe more raggedy the shirt, the better all around, especially around the neck, which portion of the anatomy the great majority of men confine much too strictly. Women' show better sense with the | neck than men. Since th: high lace of | the “gay '90s” they have abandoned the collar entirely except for horseback | riding. The result is better h:alth and | more comfort. x X Xx % No shirt used in the garden should have a button at th= neck. Buttons down the front are permissible, even desirable, but the neck button thould be omit: If the affair has ragged sleev much the better. The same apj with pecullar force to the pants hole here and there will hurt notl BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. A Bit of Spring. The window on the thoroughfare Embellished with such beauteous care Speaks of the season that will bring ‘The buds once more to blossoming. The garb that must approval win, Designed for life outdoors or in, ‘Tells us, in February drear, “A bit of Spring's already here!” ‘The statesman who intently reads Of golf and & vacation's needs; ‘The charming lass who passes by, A picture bright to please the eye — ‘Though snows again may fiercely fall And drift before the winds that brawl— Cannot eflace the message clear: “A bit of Spring’s already here!” Not Exactly a Vacation. “Do you look forward with pleasure to a vacation?” “Not exactly a vacation,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Only an adjourn- ment that will allow me time to think over various governmental complications for & while without being interrupted by speeche: Jud Tunkins says the Einstein theory has been so well advertised that he is expecting to see it come out ‘most any day as & motion picture. Political History. Men come and they go, in renown, just the same went by. For each who must lose and get out of the game Another steps forth and is willing to try. Pride and Place. “Would you be proud to have & seat in Congress?” “if some other woman didn't have a seat farther front, creating the appear- ance of social precedence.” “Problems,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “are inevitable. If there were none, men would not need to be born with brains.” Proportionate Expression. He sald that he would Speak His Mind. He did s0, and we grieved to find His mind was built in such a way He really hadn’t much to say. “When you rejoices in another man’s trouble,” sald Uncle Eben, “you is jes’ wastin’ time, 'sted o' bufldin’ happiness As they did in the ages that swiftly' “I might,” answered Miss Cayenne, Patches give a pleasing effect, prefer khakli, but perhaps old blue serge or gray is the best color. After all, it | is & matter of personal preference: Gardening shoes come in for & spe- clal paragraph. The more waterproof they are, the better, for much work is | done in the wet. Even the most meticu- |fous sprinkler will get his shoes wet, upen oceasion, and for this there is no | gmedy except good siout leather. Never wear overshoes in the garden. Go barefooted, if you must, and are | unafraid of the risk of lockjaw, but never wear “rubbers.” Somehow they are the negation of this pleasant activ- |ity. The good amateur will prefer soggy feet. - oxoxox An old sweater Is indispensable, and this goes for women as well as men. | 1he chill of the garden s just a litile less than that of a well regulated elec- tric refrigerator. | ‘The cold of eariy morning and of | dusk gets into tue very blood, unless one is wrapped up snugly in something mada of wool Even in Summer, often there are cool mornings and evenings which will chill the warmest blood stream unless the | chiest and back are well protected our experience that many m shiver through these periods, o into the house for the It is person wi | rather th: | faithtul Ler, ‘The only thing to do, therefore, is to bring out the garment on the first trip. ‘Then one is ready for anything, in the gardening sense, from the great black doz. which lopcs through the end of the yard with its tongue sticking out at least & Icot, to the culworms discovered in the perennial border to the undis- guised dismay of discoverer and discov- ered. * e Lady gardeners, to get back to our correspondent, may go in for a bit more BRUARY 21, 1931. THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover Vernon Louis Parrington, professor of English in the University of Washing- ton, died June 16, 1929, in England be- fore finishing the last of the three volumes of his ain Currents in American Thought.” The first volume was “The Colonial Mind,” 1620-1800; the second, “The Romantic Revolution in America,” 1800-1860, and the third, published in its incompleteness, “The Beginnings of Critical Realism in Amer- ica,” 1860-1920. Fortunately, no one else attempted to complete this volume. ‘The first half Prof. Parrington had ap- proximately finished, and for the last half his notes, often very full, are pub- lished. “Main Currents In American Thought” is not merely a history of American literature, though that is per- haps the first purpose. It discusses American theology, economics, politi finance in connection with the leaders of thought in each period. And, as Prof. Parrington was & pronounced lib- eral, it is the development of liberal thought in which he was most in- terested. i W Prof. Parrington's method both as a writer and as a teacher was not hap- hazard. In the classroom he followed the c quiz, leading his students by a careful sequence of questions from admitted beginnings to conclusions un- expected and stimulating. Members of his courses had no opportunity for the preparation of other lessons in his classes or for mere wool-gathering. The chase for idezs was too absorbing. In each period under consideration Prof. Parrington sought unity, some underly- ing idea which appeared in all the manifestations of the age. A germinal idea he called this, For example, the germingl idza of the eighteenth century was formal proportion. or balance, i1 literature, sccial life, art, politics. So, in “Main Currents in American Thought” the outline is based on a search for ornamentation, but it will be well for them to keep in mind the basic prin- iples herctotore laid down, Since comfort and_convenience, and | not the opportunity of knocking the eye out ¢f some sing swain, are the fea- tures to be secured, it will be neces for weman gardeners to attire the selves in circular skirts, or some such things, and so-called sensible shoes. A hat may or may not be an adjunct, but If one is used, we beg that it be be- coming. A disreputable-looking hat for a lady gardener is not to be thought of. Far better it is if she go hatless, and thus permit her hair to be all the cov- ering she needs. Knickerbockers, overalls, and so on, these have their good features, and in the thoroughly private garden may well Le worn by any lady gardener, but per- haps in the average place may as well be omiited. , if well tanned, are charm! and mosquitoes ike them, t00.) Above all, cear ladies, permit no am- bitious salesman to foist upon you a “gardening costume.” ‘There ain’t no such animule, as the old man sald when he saw his first giraffe, The best garden costume is the nat- ural one, whether it meets our four- teen points or not. If it is sensibie and comforiable and preferably cld, it has about thing in its favor, and will last for years and years. me gardeners take pride in ex- hibiting sweaters which have done them a_dozen years, or pairs of old shoes which may come down in lineal de- scent from the Great War, It is a mistake to “dress up” for the garden. Remember that its occupant the grass, the flowers, the vegelables, | are humble, God-fearing things, | in beauty and I Do not tr with them, for even Solomon, in all his glory, could not “get away with {t,” as we say today Bill to Check Price Cutting Declared Wrong in Principle Few words of approval come from |him from losin; the country in connection with passage trade” bill, to authorize manufacturers to meke contracts with ret:il dealers, fixing specific prices at which commod- ities could be sold. Amendment ich were adopted are beli=ved to have added as & means of killing the Iation, and it is argued thet in an form the measure would destroy com- petition in business. “Business men might reflect” 8- gests the Buffalo Evening News, “that if they serk laws to prevent the effects of competition in cutting down their rofits, they invite, &5 & natural corol- ary, legislation to limit the rate of profit which they may make. Govern- mental policies may not seek to pro- mote some single Interest alone, regard- less of others, but must consider the general welfare” The Evening News states that “the bill was afmed partic ularly at price cutting by dealers in foods, especially at the operation of chain stores,” and that paper continues, | “The series of amendments which were |offered in & spirit of ridicule reached bill's provisions ‘such 1 {iles of life as meat, mest products, four, flour products, agricultural implements, tools iof trade, canned fruits and vegetibles, {all clothing, shoes and hats.’ The em ndments impress the Lincoln State Journal as “limiting the scope of the bill and providing many loopho! by which the provisions of the measure could be escaped” although it was thought that under the original meas- ure “the independent merchant would be protected.” The State Journal con- tinues: “A price-fixing bill is naturall regarded with suspicion by the public The House received the Capper-Kell: bill with this same suspicion &nd, rath- er than take any chances, loaded it with amendments that even its friznd say it is worthless in its present state. i e “In one form or ancther it has been very properly thrown out of every Con- gress for more than 20 years,” says the sSpringiield (Mass.) Union, with the con- { tention that “though its proponents at ce: vent price cutting by chain stores, the plan was proposed long before there were chain stores”; that the chain stores have not appeared conspicuously as objectors to the meas- ure. e Union doubts the consti- tutionality of the bill, and conc tive effect on consumers: “Were it to become & law in its present form or {in any form in which it would be at ail likely to pass, its probable effect would be to deprive many stores and the consumers in general of advantages foh yohseit " o A Rare Specimen. Vrom the Hamiiton Spectator The real news valu:, of course, I the announcement that a Wes furmer has offered his entire savings to aid the jobless, is that he has been able to save something. N Headed for the Hoosegow. Prom the Lynchburg News. Gandhi predicts he will soon be back in jail and somehow or other we have an idea that bird is a better prophet this time than he has ever been in all ——a—— Human Ground Hogs. From the Cineinnati Times-Star. With all the politicians keeping their ears to the ground, here’s hoping that we have an open Winter. oo So Many Now! From the Akron con-Journal. As you glance over the headlives, it secms umpossible that one little assas. turned from an exile and was made President of Albania in 1922, when he ousted Archbishop Fan Noli, who had cess may not always result. It is not established 4:at the thieves gnd thugs have become weak-nerved efivumy. Thyy have the advantage acquired that office in the confusion following the war. He siarted in to reorganise the affairs of Albania and position becams known es the hardest-working perking sination ever staried a wai SO — Noah’s Scout. Piom the Toledo Blade. often derived from bargain sales or from competition of any kind. Like other measures intended to cover speci- fled cbjects, it would in all probability have wholly unanticipated and plainly undesirable effects in other forms of business transactions.” tensibly intended to protect the retailer in the stabilization of prices” thinks the St. Louis Times, “the main object of the law is to legalize the fixing of resale or to-the-consumer price of trade-marked articles by the manufacturer. Many producers have wished to be able to set the ultimate price, and there have been legal tests of breaches by merchants, have not been heretofore law. * * * Argument of a conv kind has been made both pro and con as to the fixing of prices by the manu- facturer to the ultimate consumer. The rule ought to hold that business should be as [ree from law as possible. This bill gives the manufacturer the legal right to contract with the retailer re. garding resale price. The retailer, how- ever, has the right of declining to entér into a contract. Altogether, the law is another one of those silly things that make for gray hairs in the world of commerce.” R “The whole princivle is open to ques- tion.” advises the Albnny Fvening New declaring as to the ~fast of the man that it “practically makes a retailer by the House of the Capper-Kelly “fair | !a climax in a clause excepting from the | Dis | present claimn that it 1s a measure to pre- | “as a matter of fact | as to its provisions and tieir prospec- | but they | heayily in slack tim nents of the legislation,” records rhill Gazette, “pointed out that | ehain stores could evade the terms of | e cting to buy all lof & manuf s product and then |selling &t their own price. This nu- metous chains are big enough to do |in dealing even with the biggest manu- | facturers. The "bill i3 “unsound in principle because it is directed againsi the develc of mass merchandis- ing, a development just as true to the | tinis as mess production. Some of the | practices of mass merchandising have be-n undesirable. In general, however, | proponents of it have made mer- | chandising more efficient. Opponents of cl n stores have increased their ,wn_efficiency and independents have learned to co-ordinate their energles juntil today retail competition is | coming more and more con i | “Opr fixing activitics by the G reguiate merchandisin It is argued by the St. Louis Post- atch that “its dangers should be ed,” with the statement that Culties of enforcing its pro- visions are obvious, and even & large |force of Federal store-snoopers could | not kecp up with the eva Post-Dispatch also say: cumer and dealer benefit by the basis of retai busin petition. The consumer buys where quality and price appear best, and the retailer extends his bushess through enterprise in preparing attractive of- fers. With a fixed price individual initiative in business would be greatly | handicapped. The bill allows for ex- ceptions in closing out lines, in selling | damaged merchandise, In end-of-season | nd in receivers’ sales. Though | at chain siore price cutting, would als> handicap individual | merchants, nearly all of whom on | oceasion offer ‘leaders’ to attract busi- | i The measure overlooks the busic that & fair commodity price is governed more by the merchant's ove head and business conditions In his district than by the manufacturer's idea of what his product should sell |for. Government interference in com- petitive enterprise such as this bill con- | templates is not in the best interasts of | the people or of mercantile bisinoss.” el vkl Educating the Children. | From the Baitimore Sun. | It is “experts” who have been | us that mothiers and fathers don’t know how to look after t children. 1t is |experts who have persuaded us to ex- tend the curricula of the schools so that there is hardly room left for the three R's. It is experts who cajoled us into setting up juvenile courts, to develop those courts into highly complicated institutions with parental advis bation officers, outside worke | Heaven knows how many more! But recently another expert and one of exalted rank gave this hitherto all- conquering experiise a terrific wallop, Dr. Miriam Van Waters, director of the |juvenile delinquency section of the {Harvard Law School, told an assembly |of experts wiho were discussing their |problems solemnly at the Interstate Conference on Migratory Child Labor that the juvenile courts had become mechanized institutions, that the school teacher had ceased a friend and adviser of her charges and even in- | timated that the time had come when | the old-fashioned counselors—the par. son, the doctor and even the parents | might well be called upon to do_their | share in the upbringing of the child. This is obvious heresy. But it is | heresy of a sort we delight to hear. When the experts throw up their hands |and quit pretending that thelr theories |are sclence, it may be possible to get | some sense’in all this business. o American Manners in Japan. n i |ends as if from too much delving into | of his leisure hou telling | | | consist in raking up petty inci | ' . on © The Ar th~ makes rapid pregress, notablv in Ja Sl Noah had an advantage in that he simply a manufacturer’s agent,” and where legislation in the Diet was could send out a, dove look for a him from a busi- that “it might prevent ness turnover K'm that would save rupted when one .ember hit another on the nose. unity in each period and a greater unity in the whole development. One of his colleagues, E. H. Eby of the University of Washington, in appreciation of Prof. Parrington at the beginning of “The Beginnings of a Critical Realism in America,” gives an example of his method of choosing & revealing phi or sentence as his topic for a scction or chapter. He says, “He had been work- ing on the period that Mark Twain had labeled the ‘Gilded Age.” but found the title inadequate to his idea and, as a re- sult, his writing did not get on. An- other day some wecks later there was an obvious satisfaction expressed in his bearing and an exceptionally pronounced twinkle in his eye. ‘I have found the phrase,’ he said. ‘I will call it “The Great Barbecue."’ 8o part I of book I Is called “The Gilded Age" and one of the sections of part I is “The at Barbecue: How Capitalism and Agra- rianism Fared—the Homestead Act and Rallwey Grants. The Shift From Gov- ernmental to Private Control.” et Prof. Parrington was a Jeffersonian agarian and his monumental survey of American thought shows his predisposi- tion in this direction in his =attitude toward every writer and every impor- tant political event. Prof. Eby says of him: ~ “When he described Jefferson ‘with his aristocratic head set on a plebelan frame' he was unc.nsciously describing himself, for there was a deep love of the soil in Parrington. One saw ft, surprisingly, in his hands. They were thick and sturdy, blunted at the the black loam of his flower garden, where roses, peonies and crocuses were cherished companions and the delight | He secretly sus vected the apartment dweller as any true farmer would, and though there | was a twinkle in his eve when he called New York a Babylon or spoke of its corrupting influence on scholar and agt- ist, yet there was = meaning implied more serious than the jest.” Similarly, Prof. Parrington suspected industrial- ism. To him it seemed & great pity that the United States ever departed from | the agricultural regime of its begin- | nings He does mot make due allow ances, it seems, for the changing condi- tlons after the Civil War which made Industrial growsh almost inevitable, His creed colors his estimates of nearly all the writers following the Civil War.| Thomas Bailey Aldrich is the exponent | of “the genteel” and Boston “Brah- minism.” “Mark Twain disappoints him because. @ critic of the “Gilded Age,” he was himself swept too much into the gilded stream. The middle border writers, Hamlin Garland, Edward Eg gleston and James Whitcomb Riley, 2s well as Harold Frederic and Joseph Kirkland, he grasps by the hand as companions, They “turned to the theme of farm life, and dealt with it in a mordantly realistic vefn. It was the first consclous literary reaction to the subjection of agriculture to capitalistic | exploltation and it was marked by the | bitterness of a decaying order.” Walt Whitman receives 2lmost unqualified eulogy: great figure, the greatest assuredly in our literature—yet pe haps only a great child—summing up and transmitting into poetry all the nassionate aspirations of an America that had passed through the romantic revolution, the poet of selfhood and the prophet of brotherhood, the virile man and the catholic lover—how shall Walt Whitman become dumb or cease to speak to men unless the children of those who are now half devil and half God shall prove to be wholly devil or wholly morcn? ook w Th> murder at Sarajevo, which was the immediate cause of—or the excuse for - the World War. has been made the subfect of & novel by Stephen Graham, in “St. Vitus Day.” Mrs. Graham at- tempts to justify the plot of th> radical Serbizn youths, Gavro Princip. Nedlelko Chabinovitch and Trefko Grabezh. who planned and carried out the murder of the Archduke Ferdinand, deliberately counting on_their escape from justice because of the Austrian law which did net permit _the execution of persons under 20. For this crime. committed cn St. Vitus day, June 28. 1914, the three boys were imprison-d, and. be- cause their prison was not as sanita as the best modern prisons are expecied to be, they died as a result of the con- finement. Mr. Graham's svmpathy is for them. not for the murdered arch- uke. If the murder had been the real cause of the World War. the millions of lives lost between 1914 and 1918 wonld outweigh all eonsideration of the fate of the three voung murdersrs, I The recent vublication of “Lincoln he Man,” by Edear Lee Masters. made | the front page of some newspavers, and | exiended reviews have also been ac- corded to the book. It deserves instead silence and plenty of it. It is a par- tieularlv obnoxious example of the ne debunking blography the purpose of which is to drag Lincoln down from the exalted place where Americans have put him. The author’s plan seems to ents and then of drawing strained inferences from them. Almost ridiculous is h method of interpreting, to Lincoln's advantege, trivialities’ common to th majority of men, as for example the fact that he called but one of his early friends by his Christian name but ad- dressed the others instead by their last names. Masters claims that this dem- onstrates Lincoln's coldness and his un- friendly disposition! * | * * Mme. La Marquise De Foucault left her native Anjou in 1913, having bought the chateau of Pronleroy in Picardy. She had hardly finished mov- ing. in 1914, when the war broke out. | vastly from that of 1787. mental change, however, has not come, i tion or rejection. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Take advantage of this free service. If ‘you are one of the thousands who have patronized th: bureau, write us again. If you have never used the service, begin now. It is maintained | for your benefit. Be sure to send your | name and address with your qu stion. and inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Address The Eve ning Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Q. What does the make-up man on a newspaper do? . H A. Th: make-up man is who supervises the preparatiol or pages for the press room. The name is also applied to the privter who under | the editor's direction actually places n editor lof forms .| the type, cuts, etc., in the forms. | f | Q. TIs it tru: that Lady Asquith was the heroine of Benson's novel “Dodo” 0. 8. A It is said that the heroine in “Dodo” was drawn from _Margot | Asquith, then Alice or Margot Tennant. | h one of the English Georges Farm'r George?—C. B A. King George IIL | | Q. Can you give me the dates, or| approximate dates, on which some of | the well known manor houses of Vir- ginla were built>—B. B. A. | A. Stratford dates from about 172 W-stover, 1730; Chat- | arter'’s Grove, 17 Rosewell, 1 1755, and Mount Air: ham, 1740 Gunston Hall, ! 1758, Q. Why is leaving secretly or without ermission _called “taking French leave?- B. | A. The phrase “French leave” came inlo use b cause of a French custom of | leaving 8 social gathering without | adieux to the host and hostess. Q. What is & dew-drink?>—F. J. A. A drink taken before breakfast: a bracer, Q. Why are oysters not eaten in months that do not contain the letter “r"?—H. T. | A. Oystits should not be eaten| during _their spawning months, but | should be protected in this period. It is merely a coincidence that these months in the year do not contain the letter “r.” Opysters, howewr, are not unwholesome during th-se months, if eaten fresh from unpolluted waters. Q. How long has the human race cultivated erops?—D, M. A. Agriculture is believed to be the earliest occupation of man. It can be traced back to’ prehistoric times, when primitive man began to select particu- lar plants as preferable to others for his use as food. Records on anclent,) monuments have enabled us to trace the history of agriculture in Egypt back to at least 3000 B.C. Q. Why are there eight stars in Alaska's flag? - B. R. F. A. The eight stars in the Alaskan flag are arranged as follo “Seven of them form the constellation of Ursa Major, the Great Bear, the most con- spicuous constellation in the Northern sky, containing the stars which form the ‘Dipper, including the ‘Pointers’ which point toward the eighth star in the flag, Polaris, the North Star, the ever-constant star for the mariner, the explorer, hunter, trapper, prospector, woodsman and the surveyor, for Alaska is the Northernmost star in the gala: of stars and at some future time will take its place as the forty-ninth star in our national emblem.” This de- THE AMERICAN | BY RANDO! NOTE—This is the last of a series of articles dealing with the making and expansion of the Constitution and desigend to aid participants in securing a_ background for their work in the National Oratorical Conest. The Constitution Today. The Constitution of today differs The funda- as some the Delegates feared, through self-aggrandizement on the part of any one department at the ex- pense of the other two. In spite of much argument to the that Chief Justice Marshall did not make the Supreme Court mighty by his mere will power and ruthless reasoning. Its strength is unmistakably outlined in the Constitution itself. Likewise, it is not true that the sump- tuary legislation in the amendments, or even the two far-reaching extensions of the suffrage, are the most spectacular changes in the Constitution of today as Conventions of *1787 for their ratifica- However, two tremendous and unmis- le changes have been made by working in opposite directions. The first of these has been the reduc- tion of State sovereignty by the com- bined and steady action of all three of the branches of Government. The sec- ond has been a long-continued move- ment on the part of the people which has resulted not in any change in the lationship of the three departments to one another, but in a vast increase in their combined dependence upon and Tesponsiveness to the popular will. In other words, the National Government has, for all practical purposes, put the States at its feet, but in its turn has been brought sharply under the control of the people The amendments to the Constitution reflect the course of these two move- tal forces Rights, were and adopted within a few ¥ ernment began to function. There had been a strong demand for placing these additional “chains of the Constitution. as Jefferson called them, upon the Cen. tral Government when the Constitu tion was submitted to the States. Th: proponents of the Constitution, accord- ingly, promised the prompt submission of amendments covering additional safeguards for the individual against governmental oppression. That oppres- sion_was dreaded because of the bitter recollections of Colonial experiences at the hands of the British. The eleventh amendment (proposed ular clamor) is the only amendment strengthening the authority of the States. It protected a State against be- ing sued by an individual. It almost amounted to the recall or, at least, the reversal of a judicial decislon, for it was a direct result of popular disap- proval of the Supreme Court decision in_Chisholm vs. Georgia. The twelfth amendment, proposed, as all the amendments have been, by Congress, did not affect the distribution of powers, but merely clarified the method to be followed in recording the preferences of presiden ‘The thirteenth, fourteenth, and nineteenth amendments as the Federal authority as above that of the States on slavery, citizenship and In the middle of August the great Ger- man invasion swept past Pronleroy on its thrust for Paris, and for 20 days the chateau was behind the German lines. Then the tide of battle turned at the Marne and Pronleroy emerged again with the French between it and the enemy. The margin was narrow, how- ever, and, as both sides settled down to trench warfare, the line ran close enough to the chateau to make it very definitely a part of the “advanced " -The Marquise De Foucault fully d that in her wal rrounds chateau she was a spectator at 'S band of history in the making. She tells her story in “A Chateau at the Propt.” voting. The eighteenth and sixteenth, dealing with the liquor question and income taxes, further strengthened the Federal power as against that of the States. ‘The seventeenth amendment, provid- ing for direct election of Senators, rep- resented u? assertion of complete pop- ular control over bagh, houses of Con- gress. * . ‘The Supreme Court haspeen blamed for gaking the lead in cruSBing. or at least diminishing. the pow&s of the States. As a matter of fact, t the first act of the new Governi that came into being in 1777 was rufiplessly ’ Py | Brazil>—B. O | British and 4 | John Reading. organist of Winchester contrary, it is now generally accepted | contrasted with that sent to the State | by Congress in 1794 in response to pop- | scription is taken from an act of the Legisiature of the Territory of Alasks establ'shing the official flag in 1927, Q. Who originated the saying “All good Americans, when they die, aris"?—C. T, e A Ernest Longfellow in : Memories” atiributes its to his uncle, Mr. Appleton, famous in Boston for his bons mots, Q. What dischar W. B. color is & _dishonorable gr from the Naticnal Guard?— _A. The various discharges from the National Guard are the same color as the Regular Service: Honorable dis- charge, white; discharge without honor, blue; dishonorable discharge, yellow. Q. Who ““Y the first Emperor of A. Pedro, son of King Joao VI of Portugal, who was left in Brazil as regent when his father returned to Lisbon in 1821, was proclaimed it Emp ror of Brazil on October 12 of t1e following year. King Joao VI rv x)’é?"‘sd the independence of Brazil Q. in How much money anada by outsiders A. The amount C. L of * capital from other countries invested in Canada as at the end of 1930 was $6,375,533,000, an increase of $229.000,000 over the previous . according to the latest estimates which show that, of the total outside investment in Canada, 61 per cent is now American, 35 per cent r cent from other coun- tries. In 1913 the percentages were: United States, 22 Great Britain, 73, and other countries, 5. Q. Who composed “Adeste Fideles">—W. T. A. The composition is ascribed to o 'm\cs(!"l in the tune of ?. » Cathedral, 1675-1681, and of the col- lege to 1692. The air at cnce became popular. Q lar?- A. The total number of airplanes manufactured in the United States in 1929, both military and commercial, was 6,034. The most popular type was the open cockpit biplanes. Of this type, 3,071 were manufactured. Q. Why does a silver spoon prevent the cracking of a glass when boiling water is poured into it?>—A. M. S. . Metals are good conductors ef heat, therefore when a spoon, especially a silver spocn, is placed in a glass ves- sel containing hot water, the spoon conducts the heat away from the glass and therefore prevents its breaking. ’\;thnt type airplane is most popu- » Q. What is meant by Russia’s five- gear plan?—E. G. A. The Soviet Uni Review says that the plan represents an effort to raise the economic power of the coun- try and lay a id foundation for orderly future development along lines of modern technique. The plan pro- Vides for & rapid espansion of industry, 50 that at the end of the five-year period the Soviet Unfon will be an in- dustrial - agricultural country rather than an agricultural-industrial country. In the original plan the increase of in- dustrial output during the period was fixed at 133 per cent. The increase in agriculture was fixed at 55 per cent. The plan provided for total new invest- | ments of $33,300,000,000 during the period, including $8.500.000,000 for in- dustry and $12,000,000,000 for agricul- ture, with generous sums for transport, - electrification and housing. ’ CONSTITUTION » “1787 and Today™ LPH LEIGH, Director National and International Oratorical Contests. on the part of the judi-ial branch, but on the part of Congress, with the ap- proval of the ecutive. The case, of course, wes that of the State of Rhode Island, brought about by its dilatori- ness in joining the new Union, whose Constitution it had ratified. Congre: passed a law u‘elt‘l:fi » Rhode Island as a foreign power raising ruinous commercial barriers against her goods. She was also, in- formally, given to understand that if her attitude did not change, her terri- tory might be divided between the States edjoining her. This was the first step in that march toward the indisputable supremacy of the Central Government over the States which has been the outstanding char- | acteristic of our political history. The march of the Federal Govern- ment has been spectacular in the ex- treme, and often to the sound of drums. On the other hand, the march of the people _has been comparatively noise- . The results, however, have been | just as unmistakable. Recall for a moment the original re- lationship of the three departments to the people. Only half of one depart- ment (the Lower House of Congress) | was. by the Constitution of 1787, direct- ly elected by the people. The Senate elected by the State Legislatures. President was elected by electors, designated by or under the supervision |of the State Legislatures. Finally, the | justices of the Supreme Court were se- lected by the President and approved | by_the Senate. | . What is the situation today? ‘The | House remains. popularly elected. The | candidates for the Senate and presi- | dency must submit to the same direct popular vote as the members of the Lower House. The Supreme Court, still | appointive, is, neverthe! drawn much closer to the people by the fact that its makers, the President and the Sen- "Me. are rnow popularly elected. (The [polim fiction of continuing the original system of presidential electors remains paper, but, of course, does not ob- scure the fact that the President today g:';sl his ?‘fflu ]usldls much to direct ular choice as does any ma; r w‘x’mey ofl;cm,) ¥ s s not necessarily true, however, as 115 so often said, that the return of a 1 member of the Constitutional Conven- tion to the United States of today would jcause him to be shocked back into the shadows because of the changes which | he would observe. He would, of course, look out upon a vastly altered world, but the debates in the convention and the words of the Constitution itself show that the Delegates, without fore- seeing the ct nature of the changes ahead, nevertheless foresaw them, and provided an instrument of Government flexible enough to cope with them. They laid down a fundamental sys: tem of Government, not a code of laws. That fundamental system provided for amendments under certain carefully set forth conditions and it made the people the ultimate arbiters as to the desir- ability of any chenges in that system. Chief Justice Marshall makes that basic point clear in the following words: 'To have prescribed the means by which the Government should in ail future times execute its powers would have been to change entirely the char- acter of the instrument and to give it the properties of a legal code. It would have been an unwise attempt to provide by immutable rules for exigen- cies which, if forsseen at aH, must have been foreseen dimly and can best be provided for as they occur.” (Cqpyright, 1931) e And What a Relief! From the Des Moines Tribune-Capital. One of the greatest satisfactions in the riturn of prosperity will be relietgf? from the professional optimists who, more than a year, have been assuring us that the depression hit bottom in the previous month, » ) ' ———————— Home Talent Best. From tie Omaha World-Herald. It may be thal Ameri~an women are more fachionably drosced than these in to brin, strength to bear dgon a State. "x&t show of strength Paris, but the trouble i3 you can't make them believe it.