Evening Star Newspaper, February 6, 1931, Page 4

Maj. Gen. John E. O’Ryan | Says Memoirs Great His- . forical Document. NEW ¥ORK, February 6 (NANA).— “The greatest value of Gen. Pershing’s war meémoirs lies in their complete frankness,” in the opinion of Maj. Gen. John F. O'Ryan, former commander of the 27th Division, the fighting New York National Guard. Gen. O'Ryan, who is vice president of the American Airways, said he was following the Pershing story closely “Gen. Pershing’s job was much big- ger than being just a general, big as was that job of handling millions of men,” Gen, ORyan said. “He had also to be a diplomat, and in an un- usually straightforward way. He prac- tically represented and United States.\ He represented not only the American Army, but American policy. Didn't Appreciate Roll. “The truth 1s, if there had been no man like Pershing abroad, American soldiers would have been mere replace- ments for the French and British. We would have had no army of cur own. “There was a period when American soldiers didn't appreciate. the double or triple role Pershing played. Some | felt they should have seen him more, had more contact directly with him. There was grumbling about this, but only from those who had a narrow conception of what his real role was.” Discussing ‘other aspects of Gen, Pershing and the war, Gen. O'Ryan said that one interesting phase which is little known is the conflict between the Brit- ish policy of conducting the war and Pershing’s. ‘War Won in Open. “Pershing believed in open warfare with the rifie,” Gen. O'Ryan remarked. “He wanted fo get the war out of the trenches. Of course, he believed in other forms of artillery, too, but he felt | that the mainstay was the rifle. The German’s didn’t use their rifles. They Telied on bombs a great deal, with their rifies leaning uselessly against their trenches. The British policy inclined toward this. “But Gen. Pershing was proved right. The war was finally won—in the open.” Gen. O'Ryan expressed the belief that Gen. Pershin, i with the wealth of correspondence and comment inspired by them, gathered ultimately together, will comprise a great his- torical document, a real history of the ‘World War. NICARAGUA IN 1932 State Department Makes tions Known Following Series of Conferences. Inten- American Marines will be withdrawn | from Nicaragua as soon as possible after the 1932 elections in that country, it was made known at the State Department following a conference between Secre- tary Stimson, Matthew E. Hanna, American Minister to Nicaragua; Maj. Gen. Frank B. M=Coy, who supervised the 1928 elections, and State Depart- ment experts on Latin America. ‘Whether withdrawal of the Marines | will be Bnld&l or all at once has not been detes L col s, which lasted about a week, covered eyery phase of Nieara- guan affairs and were designed to ac- quaint the Secretary with all angles of the situation in the republie, particu- larly with reference to financial matters. ‘The Secretary was particularly inter- ested in finances with a view to ad- vising the Nicaraguan government on the disposition of a $1,000000 fund | which the National Bank of Nicaragua | ‘with headquarters in New York will loan | to the Nicaraguan government. HOOVER PROCLAIMS TARIFF BILL CHANGES First Seven Recommendations of New Commission Are Given Approval. Pive changes in the Smoot-Hawley tariff act were proclaimed by President Hoover yesterday. He approved the first seven recommendations made to him by the new Tariffl Commission. Four called for rate reductions on wood flour, pigskin leather used in making bags and sporting goods, straw hats and maple sugar. The fifth sanc- tioned an increase in rates on woven wire fencing and netting. Rates ot ultramarine blue and small rugs re- main unchanged. Chairman Fletcher of the Tariff Commission, announced the President’s action. He said the seven reports or- the Senate during the tariff last year, with the resultant recommendations had been sent th ite House and that without delay the President had approved all. U.S. EMPLOYE RETIRES Co-Workers Honor Moses A. Rob- bins, Who Quit Veterans’ Bureau. Moses A. Robbins, 1215 Rhode Island avenue, yesterday 'retired from the finance division of the Pension Office, in the Veterans' Bureau. Mr. Robbins is 70 years old and has served more than 30 years in the bureau. More than 100 of his fellow workers gathered at noon in the office of the division chief, Dr. O. J. Randall, for a farewell party. Mr. Robbins was pre- sented with a cane, a floor lamp and a memory book. GIiVEN SEA COMMAND Lieut. Comds. Ellis M. Zacharias, who secured special commendation for his part in the Japanese earthquake reliel work, today was ordered detached stood for the | | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY. FEBRUA RW_6, 1931 My Experiences in the World War LBy~ Gen. John J. Pershing Commander in Chief of the American Expeditionary Forces Americans Are Prohibited From Buying Liquor,| With Bars Placed “Off Limits™ to Troops. FRENCH WON’T ACT TO AID “DRY” ORDER Reports of Immorality of | Soldiers Are Denied in Reply to Cable From War Department. CHAPTER XXVIL y for controlling the use of strong drink among our troops had been brought forci- bly to my attention through th ease with which alcoholic bev- erages could be obtained. | The use of light wines as a part of the French ration was simply the con- | tinuance in the Army of the universal | custom of the people of having wine with. their meals. ‘The wines and beer | were nct so objectionable, but strong | alcoholic spirits were regarded by the | French themselyes as dangerous and were prohibited for thelr troops, but the prohibition was not weil enforced out- side the zone of the armies. The problem of preventing our troops | from drinking the stronger liquors was difficult, especially at the ports of en- try. Efforts to obtain enforcement through conferences with local authori- ties and through agreements with the port and- district officiats were made from time to time, but with little result. T finally appealed to Prime Minister Clemenceau for support, but he would only counsel local officials, as he did not wish to declare a “state of siege (Martial law.) In the end it was neces- sary to take the matter In our own | hands and declare every bar and restau- rant where the heavy liquor was so “off limits” for our troops. Our offi- cers were directed to give their per- sonal attention to the enforcement of this_order. My most earnest thought and atten- tion was given to this subject early in our experience and throughout the wai The habit of drinking itself was not only detrimental to efmciency, but it often led to other indiscretions. Prohibition Was Necessary. While it is & question whether under | ordinary circumstances in times of peace a healthy moral sentiment can not be created as a safeguard against excesses, yet during the war, when men were not surrounded by the restraining influences of home life, limited prohibition was necessary. Even if it had been possible of en- forcement I should not have issued or- ders to our armies prohibiting the use of light wines or beer, Our armies are simply a cross-sec- tion of the people whom they represent and their psychology is the same, and any attempt to enforce such an order would have led to difficulties. More- over, co-operation by the French to that extent would have been cut of the question. There was, in fact, compara~ tively little drinking in our armies and what there was decreased noticeably after the prohibition against strong drink. About this time a cable was received | from Washington that some’ publication at home had made a sweeping charge of both immorality and drunkenness | against our men. No such statement could be based on fact or could serve | any purpose except to cause unneces- | sary anxlety to parents and relatives | and perhaps satisfy, on the part of | sation. follows: “There has never been a similar body of men to lead as clean lives as our American soldiers in France. They have entered this war with the highest de- | votion to duty and with no other idea than to perform these duties in the | most efficient manner possible. | “Engaged in healthy, interesting ex- | ercises in the open air, with simple | diet, officers and men, like tr. ‘ned ath- | letes, are ready for their tasks. For-| bidden the use of strong drink and protected by stringent regulations | against other evils and supported by their own moral courage, their good be- | havior is the subject of most favorable | comment, especially by our allie In reply I cabled in part as Nation.” My diary notes the followin “Paris, Thursday, January 10, 191s—i Have appointed Maj. Robert Bacon to be colonel and A. D. C. on my staff. Bishop Gwynne, deputy chnglain gen- eral, British Army, and Bishop Brent their sons are a credit to them and the | day. Went over aviation matters with Foulois, Bolling and Dodd. ‘On Tuesday Brent and I discussed | increase in number of chaplains, \ hich we both favor. Left for Paris same evening. | Began discussion with Robertson | and Maclay yesterday morning about | shipment of troops. (Gen. Sir William | Robertson was chief of the British im- | perial general staff and Sir Joseph Mac- | lay was a British expert on shipping.) Have organized I Corps headquarters under Maj. Gen. Liggett, with Col. Cralg as chief of staff” Bishop Brent had been selected by me for appointment, with a view to his | being the chief of the Chaplain Corps which it was planned to organize. The | bishop did not approve of this idea and in deference to his opinfon and upon | his suggestion a permanent Executive | Committee of Chaplains was appointed to study the problems involved and make recommendations direct to me from time to time. Bishop Gwynne of | | were my guesis at Chaumont on Mon-l {tem, the methods of admin | work, some one, an unworthy desire for sen- | 5 L T T e s M Sy the British forces explained their ration and the ‘control and direction of chaplains’ from which we adopted such features as were applicable to our servic | Custom in our Army, arising from lack- of a-nreciation of the usefulness of chaplains, had relegated them as class to the status of handy men who were detailed to write up boards of survey or run libraries, Asks for More Men. the In recommending increase of | chaplains I sent the Secretary of War the following cablegram January 17, 1918: “In the fulfilment of its duty to the Nation much is expected of our Army and nothing should be left undone that ill help in keeping it in the highest state of efficiency. I believe the per- sonnel of the Army has never been equaled and the conduct has been ex- cellent, but to overcome entirely the conditions found here requires fortitude born of great moral courage and lofty spiritual ideals ‘Counting myself responsible for the welfare of our men in every respect, it is my desire to surround them with the best influences possible. In the fulfill- ment of this solemn trust, it seems wise to Tequest the aid of churchmen from home. To this end it is recommended that the number of chaplains in the Army be increased for the war to an average of three per regiment. * * * Men selected should be of the highest character, with reputations well estab- | lished as sensible, practical, active min- isters or workers, accustomed to dealing with young men. * * * This recommendation was approved | by the Secretary of War and later en acted into law. Aviation questions: demanded unre- | mitting attention, for in no other serv- ice was unpreparedness so evident and so difficult to overcome. Apparently there was earnest effort at home, but it was too often misdirected. The manu facture of planes was very uncertain, partly because of indecision as to types and largely through inexperience in construction. In the A. E, F. differences of opinion and the conséquent lack of co-operation among @viation office upon whom rested the task of organiz tion and training causéd confusion and loss of time. On the part of the allies, especially the French, lack of mechanics and de- in procuring motors and mate- , such as spruce, had given them a setback. Due to thesa conditions and their own increased ' programs, the French, ahd also the Italian: unable to take more than a small portion of our 1,500 flying cadets who were on the ground énd who, under fgreemont, were to be instructed by em. About this time the contract for nlanes we had made in August was for- mally abrogated, the French govern- ment being unable to meet its condi- tions, due to the delay in receipt of | machine tools and raw materials from | the United States, a possibility which | had been forecast in my cables to the | War Department. In its stead we later | made an agreement whereby we should American mothers may rest assured that | be_dependent upon the sllotment that | 100,000 or 150,000 men in addition to Put all your bills in one bag .. pay off at convenient terms | out how much more expeditior might be made us according to the number of divisions we might have in France. Petain Stopped Plane-Building. 1t developed a few days later in con- versation with Gen. Petain that he had much to do with the decision of the minister of munitions regarding air- planes for us. The French airplane | program at the front was then being greatly enlarged, due to the increased air activity on the part of the Ger- s. It also appeared that after three years and a half of the war combined aircraft production capacity of the al- lies was behind that of the German: | Petain was afraid that his armies might run short of planes and had inl vened. Petain - realized our situaticn, but sald that it was necessary to consider the needs of his aviation, which was actually employed, before making pro- vision for us. He thought that by the time we should be ready to put our troops in line the rate of production could be increased so that we might ave our due proportion. It was my ontention that the Prench manufa turers should be allowed to fulfill their | contract with us, so that our aviation would be available for service with the French armies, But Petain thought the manufacturers had undertaken more than they could do and that the output should be held as available where most needed. Thus it was Impossible to obtain as- surance of any fixed number of planes until later on when the necessity for the assistance of our aviation became in December I signed an agree- ment with Lord Northcliffe of the Bri ish Air Board that we should send 15 000 enlisted men to England and main- tain that number in training in their aircraft factories and Air Service sta- tions. This plan proved to be bene- ficial to both sides, as far as carried out, but’especially to ourselves, in pro- | iding us with trained men and saving us the necessity of establishing extra schools for teaching them ourselves. Due to the non-shipment of air pe sonnel from home, we lacked 4,500 of reaching the number specified, and later the need for line troops prevented our completing the number. ‘When Gen. Robertson came for the onference regarding the shipment of troops for training with the British as mentionéd in my diary, we began to dis- cuss the details of the disposition to | be made of our forces which might be brought over in British shipping. It | was found that Gen. Robertson's pro-'| posal was practically the same as the | one submitted to Mr. E. M. House through Mr. Lloyd George. He wanted to bring our infantry and machine-gun units by battalions only and pointed sly ti would meet the shortage of men in the British Army than to ship whole divi- sions with all their equipment and stores. | Asked for 150,000 Americans. | He said he did not wish to interfere with our program of building up an in- dependent army, but thought that if we would agree to let them have as many as | An A. E. F. chaplain conducting an outdoor service. BISHOP CHARLES E. BRENT. the complete divisicns necessary for our Army they could find the shipping to Ty them. He believed that the British government would take the risk of re- | leasing_temporarily some shipping en- gaged in carrying food and raw mate- rials if America could see her way to provide the men, although, he said, it could not well undertake the transpor- | tation of complete divisions, as not enough men would be brought over in this manner to justify the great risks involved. In other words, the British had the shipping to transport American battalions on condition that they would serve in the British Armies, The question of drafting cur men as individuals was mentioned, but the diffi- culties of discipline and the total loss of their identity were considered insupera- ble objections. The Britisn really pro-, posed two plans; one, suggested hy Gen, Robertson, which contemplated that our battalions should go into their divisions and be absorbed, and the otber, by Field Marshal Haig, under which they should g0 British _units should become American. Gen. Robertson said that unless we could furnish man power to build up their divisions there was the possibility of the British reaching such an ex- hausted condition by the severe fight- ing in prospect that the allies would have a very heavy task in winning the war. The arguments Gen. Robertson ad- vanced clearly indicated that the British were playing for adyantage to them- lves in offering to transport our CHICAGO MARKET CO. 311 7th Street N.W. Across From Saks on 7th Eggs-Egg Smoked Shoulders LARD—LAR CHEESE B Ground Bee| BACON | Quantico, Va., has been made a weather in successively until the selected | HAMS—HAMS STEAK—STEAK PORK SAUSAGE Lean Boiling Beef In a Piece— Sliced, 25¢ ‘build up their own units instead of aid: ing the cause by augmentinz the num- ber of complete combat divisions on the western frond. ‘The question that naturally arose in| my mind was that if tonnage was available for this purpose why had it not been offered to us some time be- fore, or, indeed, why not at that very moment? If it had been, we could have brought several more divisions to France and had them prepared to go into.the line much earlier than was eventually possible. And it is conceivable that they might have been able t& prevent the disasters that came to the British in March and to the French in May. But, of course, the offer was made pri- marily in order to build up their units with Americans. The British were not think.og in terms of an American Army at all. However, as Gen. Robertson’s pro- posal would enable us to increase our strength more rapidly, my preliminary cable to Washington reporting the con- ference recommended that it be given consideration and, in view of our na- tional attitude regarding service with another army, that if approved the plan | should be regarded as a temporary meas- ure to meet an emergency; that as soon | as possible the remaining troops of our | divisions thus temporarily broken up should be brought over and the units | reassembled; that division, brigade and regimental fommanders -and their staffs be sent with their Infantry for | training with the corresponding Brit- ish units, and that the Infantry be taken from those divisions that would | not otherwise be transported until after June, Feared They Might Relax. The arrangement proposed by Rob- ertson, if adopted, was not to_ interfere in any way with our program for bring- | ing our troops in our own tonnage, as | already planned, My cable suggested | that we should insist that the British government continue to provide as| many men for their armies as possible and that it would be pertinent for our Government to inquire just what the British government proposed to do to keep up its own forces. I feared that| should we make this concession the| tendency would be for them to relax and let the burden of keeping up their man power fall on us, to the detriment of preparations for building up our own | Army later on. In a telegram to Gen. Robertson later I set forth the report of our con- versation which I had cabled the War Department and further stated that it | was of the utmost importance that the | British government should exert every energy to keep up its own man power. I requested a full statement from him as to British resources, including the men then available and to become so during the year, in order that we might have all the facts available before making a final decision on his proposi- tion. In reply, Gen. Robertson sent me the following data in a letter dated Jan- uary 17: “The British government has given the most anxious consideration to the | question of the maintenance of the armies in the field during 1918. and, by making every effort. there will be- come available for service at the front 449,000 men now under training, plus 100,000 to be called up. In addition. | there will be called up 100,000 men of lower category who are not fit for the first line, plus 120,000 lads of 18 years ! | of age, who will not be available for| | service’ at the front till 1919.. Please keep these figures strictly secret.” Nothing further was done toward an | agreement until a week or so Ilater, when conversations were resumed. Tomorrow: Pershing tells Baker Prench consider themselves superior in art of war and details differences be- tween them and United States. (Copyright. 1931. in all countries by the North American Newspaper Alliance. World rights reserved. including the Scandinavian Reproduction n whole or in part pronib- ite | Marine Aviation Base at Quantico to Signal Planes. The Marine Corps aviation base lti | flag stop for atrmail planes on the | Eastern Air Transport Line through the | National Capital. The sentry on night watch at the | field will be equipped with a Very pistol and in event of word being received | of bad weather to be North or South he will flag the pilot with a red star | or series of red stars. 4 Rev. James Baikie Dies. LASSWADE, Midlothian, Scotland, | Pebruary 6 () —Rev. James Baikie, | widely_known Egyptologist, died at his | | home here today. He was 64 years old. Nat. 2939 15¢ b. 135 ¢ b. 10c b. 22¢ . 20¢ Ib. 25¢ b. 15¢ Ib. 10c Ib. ZZC Fancy Large Doz. Size Small and Lean Package Lard Sugar Cured Longhorn Cream Sirloin Round f, 15¢ troops; that is, thelr purpose was to | @ Another MAYER & CO. SERVICE S Radio Set Inspection and Tube Testing without charge Phone District 8976. No Obligation ~ MAYER & CO. Seventh St. Bet. D & E Cunningham Tubes—Lifetime Furniture—Radio ROSNEIRS 1325.F.STREET v Important! because these prices apply to fine KUPPENHEIMER andGROSNERQUALITIES A Special -Group of Kuppenheimer Suits 317 Formerly $50 and $55 Such a reduction really offers a great oppor- tunity for economy. .. and the fact that they are KUPPENHEIM- ERS at the reduced price, makes this an- nouncement a little short of sensational. 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He expects to leave about the latter part | of March. | e ) Lady Melchett has declined the nom- | ination as_candidate to Parliament| from East Toxteth, Liverpool, England, to fill the vacancy caused by the suc-| cession of her husband, Henry Mond, to the peerage on the death of his SPARE RIBS = b 1315¢ LAMB s+ CHOPS - 20c FRESH HAMS . 22¢ PEANUT BUTTER ®12%;¢ BUTFER crz.".:.iry “"31(: OLEQ °w* b.12Y5¢ Bk Tuin = 16 Formerly Fe $1.50 to Z! $2.50 and $3 $135 95¢ &7 Will Enjoy Luncheon Afternoon Tea at THE Tea Boom AT Mioses o Luncheon: F $3.50 to 235 $175 g $450 4 *Formal Wedk and Silk Shirts Are Excepted Formerly $3.50 and $5 $ Morris Plan Bank Under Supervision U. S. Treasury " 1408 H Street Northwest Telephone National 5000 For immediate delivery of The Star to your home every evening and Sunday morning. 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