Evening Star Newspaper, February 5, 1931, Page 8

¥ . | THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. | THUBADAY.,..February 3, 1931 O ——————— —— Rditor The m Star Newspaper Company using E ylvania Ave. dand at. e Michigan Building. Regent ., London, jand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. ening Star. 45¢ per month yng and Sinday ‘Siar hen 4 Sundary) <5 - :60¢ per month The Evening a Biar when § Sun ~.65¢ per month ndey Star . T copy eztion mede at {i f ‘each month. rs may be sent in by mail or telephone al 5000. yr., 81 . 3r., "$8.00: 1 mo., : yr., $4.00; 1 mo.: 4 All Other States and Canada. fly and Sunda: yr., $12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 ily only . 1yi 8.00: 1 nday only . ; 1 mo., 75¢ $5.00; 1 mo.. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled the use for republication of all news dis- {0 it or not otherwise cred- d in this paper and also the locel new: blished herein. Al rights of publication o ial dispatches herein are also reserved. -— = | Rumors and Bank Runs. Washington yefterday witnessed & display of the panic spirit which, with» Qut warrant or substantial incitation, sometimes seizes upon people to cause them to swarm to the doors of a fi- mancial institution to demand the pay- ment of funds deposited there to their secount. Fortunately the institution assailed by this withdrawal movement ‘was perfectly sound and in possession of ample funds to meet all immediate demands. Furthermore, it commanded the confidence of the banks of the eity, themselves in a position of Integrity, and the heads of four of the leading nstitutions of this character went in person with funds to persuade the glamorous crowd of rumer-ineited de-’ positors that there was no possible danger of any loss to them. That this “run” upon the Perpetual Building Association was started by the eirculation of rumors is suspected. In- deed there is evidence almost of an organized attempt to shake eonfidence. If such is the case somebody has been guilty of an abvminable action, whether or not it is contrary to statute law to wpread malicious or irresponsible reports calculated to cause runs on financial in- gtitutions. It may be impossible to find those who caused yesterday's demon- stration of panic in this city. But the ease stands as advertisement of the faet that conviction of circulating false re- ports affecting banks and similar or- ganizations may result in a term of im- prisonment, and this should be & whole~ some warning against such rumor- mongering in the future, The financial institutions of Wash- ington that are under public super- wision are all in sound condition, de- spite the misfortunes of other estab- lishments which have come to grief during the past few months. Honest, capable management marks them, They enjoy public confidence to an- excep- tional degree. There is therefore more amazement when one of them, itself regarded as particularly secure and well cenducted, should be picked out for & un. Every possible safeguard is thrown about the interests of those who deal with these financial institutions. Yet 1f the panic spirit should sweep through the community any of them or all of them might be endangered. It is there- the part of depositors and patrons of the well established supervised in- stitutions of the Capital, assured as they are of present soundness and-good management, to continue to contribute 10 their security by turning a deaf ear to rumors and reports that are virtually certain to be false, speculative and even mpalicious. —_— Representatives forbidden to use pames in voicing harsh criticisms are not handicapped in their wrath. Like the poker player who refused to con- titue the game If a one-eyed man remained—there being only one one- eyed man present—a man suffielently aroused can always make clear just whom his remarks are intended to reach. ——— The average reader is now happy ,when he finds that all his friends are going to parties and not figuring in embarrassments caused by pecuniary eomplications. ———— Undisturbed Lump Sum. If the Senate joins the House in de- ciding to permit the lump sum to re- main undisturbed for this session of Congress, or pending the findings of the House Select Committee, should there not be as definite an agreement regarding the District's tax burden? If the lump sum is not to be increased or decreased until the Select Commit- tee makes its report, it is only fair to assume that the tax burden will lik wise remain as it is. But there should be something definite on the subject. The District bill now before Con- gress will be financed by revenue that becomes available after next June. Be- cause of a surplus, the Commissioners will not have to increase the tax rate | to supply the local share of these 1932 | funds. But this Spring the Commis- sloners will prepare their estimates for the fiscal year 1933. According to their statement, these éstimates must be based on either a greater Federal ap- propriation or a higher tax rate. If the lump sum is going to remain undis- turbed at this session, the Commission~ ers will be left in doubt as to the future poliey of Congress regarding the Federal contribution. For all they know, it may be lower, not higher, than $9,500,000. There may be a dis- position to count on raising the balance of revenue needed—over and ‘above the lump sum—by increasing the local tax burden, and predicating the budget on @ higher tax rate. It there is such & disposition, it should be avoidsd at the outset. If the Commissioners, in making up . their estimates, this Spring, find that additional revenue is necessary, the | peculiarly get Bureay, that the estimates for 1933 will represent the city's normal needs, but that the actusl yevenue available to finance them will be left in doubt un- til the report of the House Select Com- mittee is received, mccepted or rejected by the Congress, ‘The arbitrary maximum now placed on the amount of the Federal lump sum adequately protects the Federal Government. Is it not time that as adequate a safeguayd be given the un- represented taxpayers of the District and that the exis! rate of taxation be declared the maximum ‘rate—this maximum to remdn “undisturbed" until Congress comfiletes its investigations? The Vicious Naval Circle. Yesterday in the House.of Commons Mr. Alexander, the MacDonald govern- ment's naval minister, made a signifi- cant announcement, He let it be known that the inability of France and Italy to bury the hatchet of competition at sea might make it necessary for Great Britain to reconsider her own construc- tion program. While Britain is at pres- ent building only 46,145 tons of new war craft, of which 2,656 tons are for Canada, France has under way 100,684 tons and Italy 100,777. Here, in grapfle outline, is the vicious cifcle of paval rivalry. Americans can grasp what it would mean if at London a year ago the United States and Great Britain had not contrived to come to- gether on parity. Undoubtedly today, had such an agreement not been achieved, the world would be witness- ing the spectacle of the two Eng'ish- speaking nations eying each other like hawks, with respect to their naval ar- | maments, and demanding ship for ship, | ton for ton, and gun for gun, as fast| as one or the other of them piled new weapons onto the sea. All that, hep- pily for themselves and for the cause of world peace, was obviated by the treaty of London. ‘The United States is far from un- concerned in these European naval de- | velopments. The first Jord of the ad- miralty did not specifically mention the famous “escalator” clause of the three- power limitation pact. to which this| ecountry is a party. But he distinctly implied that eventually it might haye to be invoked by Great Britain. Its purpose is to authorize any of the| three signatory powers to exceed the! gross tonnage allowed it in case a power | outside the agreement does anything to upset the balance of naval strength the British, Americans and Japanese | covenant for as among themselves. Britain accepted parity with the United States on the distinct under- standing that combined Franco-Italian naval strength did not outstrip the ve-| spective British and Ameriean ton- nages. If John Bull has to build be- yond parity, Uncle Sam plainly would have to do likewise, or scrap the parity idea, America has been doing her ut- most, through informal negotiations in Paris and Rome, to avoid the widening | of the vicious circle. If we fail in that| effort, the irreducible minimum incum- bent upon us is to build the United States Navy at least up to the treaty level, Congress has before it a program providing for the initial steps in that' direction. It should become law and the | ships in question laid down without delay. ] Charles F. Carusi. The death at Jacksonville today of Charles F Carusi, president of the Board of Education of the District of Columbia, causes a severe shock to this community, especially as there was no knowledge or information that he was in Il health. Mr. Carusi, a native of Washington, identified with its interest throughout his life with the exception of a brief perlod when he practiced law in another eity at the begin- ning of his legal career, has con- tributed greatly to the Capital's "e!(are« and advancement. He was devoted to the study and practice and teaching of the law, and his influence in the legal! profession was always exerted for the maintenance of the highest standards. Many of the younger generation cf prac- titioners owe their success at the bar to his sound teachings. A few years ago he was induced to accept service on the Board of Edueation, a position for which he was well qualified through his long identification with a legal edu- cational institution. Shortly after his appointment to that body he was elected to the presidency end in that role he hag labered dilig-ntly and effectively to advance the interests of the schools. Washington can ill afford to lose such a valuable citigen, who is now deeply and sincerely mourned. R California is sending out wine lists for the benefit of those who are willng to let the barrel of grape juice remain in quietude to work out its own alco- holic destiny. Names of wines are included that were hitherto considered the products of foreign climes. But the soil and climate of Californ’a are regarded as equal to any demands on Nature's v - The Reconfirmation Anomaly. Already in an anomalous position re- garding the newly appointed power commissioners whose confirmations were reconsidered, the Senate has now placed itself in & most astonishing situation by its action yesterday. It reconfirmed two of the three commis. sloners and denied confirmation to the third, the chaliman of the commission. Had the Senate refused confirmaticn to all three it would have been in & better pasition than it now occupies in this discrimination. Far the refusal cf con- firmation to Chairman Smith wis defi- nitely due to the belief in the minds of the majority of the Senate that he in particular was acccuntable for the dismissal of a subordinate official who 1s believed to be inimical to the interests of the “power trust.” ‘This now is the situation: The Senate has refused confirmation to one of three men because of an officlal action by him in his capacity as a duly appcinted power. commissioner, his appointment source of that additional revenue should | having followed confirmation by the be left unstated. Congress must fill in | Senate and formal appointment by the the biank. And, leaving in the air as|President. The Senate dces not chal- it does the question of the amount of | lenge the validily of that action on the the Federal appropriation, Congress|ground that he was not a duly quall- should make it as clear that it is also|fed commissicner. It says to two of the leaving unsettled the extent of the local | three commissicners, “We are con- tax burdep. It might simplify budget|firming our confirmations of you and procedure next Summer if it were for-|acquitting you of responsibility for the mally understood now, as between Con- dismissal of & faithful servant of the gress, the Commissioners and the Bud- people, effected by your wicked col- ¢ &) THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGIO league, to whem we now refuse § second confirmation.” It Commissioners Smith, Carsaud and Draper were not duly confirmed in December the dismissal of the subordl- nates who were dropped from the com~ mission's organization was invalld, Everything the commissioners did was invalid, But now the Senate says that only two of the confirmations of De- cember were inconclusive, while the third one, that of the chairman, was suffielently effective to epable him to take office and serve and initiate an action for which he is now punished by dismissal from office in the way of refusal of a reconfirmation. Yosterday's action by the Senate in reconfirming two and denying recon- firmation to one of the commissioners settles nothing—if anything remains to be settled. The Power Commijssion stands as organized on the basis of the confirmations of December, and it will continue s0“to stand unless and until members of the commission should re- sign their positions or in the remote contingency of decislon by the court | that the confirmations of December, ac- companied by notice of that action to the President, were not the final and conclusive and definitive action of the Senate. o Almost Filled. Washington has practically filled the Community Chest in the time allotted for the campaign. A small margin re- mains to be secured to reach the exact total that was set as the goal, $1,950,- 150.40. That this will be quickly ob- tained is a certainty. That so small an amount should remain to be subscribed after the lapse of the allotted time is ecause for the warmest congratulations to those enlisted in this endeavor and likewise the warmest thanks to those who gave. The task this year was an unusually heavy one. A larger total than ever was required both as a Community Chest fund and as the Distriet’s con- tribution -to the National Red Cross drought rellef fund. Purthermore, the individual resources of the members of this community were depleted by bad business conditions. In many cases Washingtonians whose incomes were un- affected by the economic pressure have been contributing out of their own pockets to the support of relatives here and eisewhere who have bzen hard hit by-the stress of the times. Despite this situation, with a greater amount to be raised, the Community Chest has bzen virtually filled, That it will be completely filled to the last dol- lar, including the Red Crocs quota of the District, is assured. It was a sir.k- ing demonstration of the splendid spliit animeting .the Community Ohest can- vassing organization that when at last night's meeting the chairman an- nounced that any worker was at liberty to quit with the record of subscriptions standing a little short of the required total, not one of the two thousand manifested & wish to “cease firing.” B Little yespect is shown by Kemal Pasha for old ineidents of eostume, the fez for men and the vell for women. Time must decide whether he is to rank permanently as a political au- thority or as only a dictator of cur- rent fashions. R There is no lack of money in the U. 8. A, and there ia no unwillingness to assist those who are needy, Money is one of those natural resources that do not need development so much as facilities for rapid distribution. —_— cates Eloquence has not been recently in great demand. When an extraordinary example of it is offred by Senator Borah it brings the thrill of a new experience. — v When personages of political promi- nence call one another rough names they offer considerable discouragement to those who think the dialogue of the theater needs immediate censorship. ———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Drought and a Flood. We waited for a rain. ‘The flelds grew dry. A future fraught with pain Seemed to draw nigh, The well remembered past Tells, when we're thirsting, How water comes at last From cloud banks Bursting. We walt:d for a rain And, by and by, Our pray'rs went not in vain Up to the sky. It could not ease our care— With all its glory, A mighty flood was there Of oratory. Inevitabhle Contentian. “Have you ever believed there might be & way to induce people to dwell to- gether in silence and content?" “In silence, perhaps,” answered Sen tor Sorghum, “but not content. I un- derstand that those who have mastered the ne:dful mode of expression can have terrific arguments even in a deaf-mute asylum.” . Jud Tunkins says & man who works too hard trying to be optimistic is liable to look as if he knew something was wrong and was trying to econvince him- self he was mistaken. Hostilitles Among the Poultry. A chicken fight Was, long 2go, Considered quite A proper show. As time takes flight, Our s0rfows grow. A lame duck fight Brings greater woe, Art Litigious. “Where is my friend, picture performer?” “‘Busy.” “Where? In the studio or in court.” “Pear,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of China- town, “is the darkness which overtakes us when we turn out the light of our own reason." The Speculative Persen, ‘The speculasive persan Need not lack a moral tone. Thire i3 by far a worse 'un ‘Whe thinks it rather funny * To speculate with money ‘That's not yeally his own. the motion D. C, THURSDAY, Fi THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, thumhnbrunythlng‘ One of them is observing the dawn with a minimum of effort. Sunrise is something thousands of persons have never seen properly. Mostly they are unwilling spectator upon occasion, of one of Nature' grandest displays. If they get up early to catch a train, or go on a hunting or fishing expedition, they may condescend to give the red glow in the east a few glances. Dawn is a major phenomenon, how- ever, and, despite its coming once a day for millions of years, is still filled with beauty and newness, Every one who wants to keep alive in himself the trait of wonder will find no easier and pleasanter way than pur- posely viewing sun-up. If it can be done with a minimum of effort, it will appeal more to countless thousands who have swallowed the modern belief that anything without ef- fort is, happily and somewhat myste- riously, much better and more to be de- sired than something achieved in the sweat of the brow, ver honest. “Modern,” is what we call it. * ok % % Sunrise comes these days around 17 a.m., which is a much happier ‘time for solar observations, let us say, than 3 am. or 4 am. Now it is safe to II{ that almost any one can exert himsel! enough to arise at 7 o'clock, even cn a cold Winter morning. Probably it is his normal getting-up time, anyway. It is for thousands of Government workers and others. It is the magic hour, but peculiarly magic at this season, because then, without special effort, one may lock cut the window and see the majesty of sunrise, ‘We suppose there are a great many persons wno regird the daily arrival of the sun as a matter of little mement, whase attitude is that since no huma being has anytbing to say in the mat- ter, it may as well be dismissed from the mind. No dcubt such persons find nothing of interest in rain and sun, cold and heat, wind and calm. The moonlight 1s one with the darkness to them, and whether the day is fair or rainy only interesting to the Weather Bureau of- ficlals, and they get paid for it. ‘Well, no doubt that is one way of ing these phencmena, but we feel sorry for such persons, just the same. It is not for nothing that for hun- dreds of years the world-wide greeting has been “Good day Or that “the weither” is a standard topic of conversation with tte millions of all naticns, especially when two or more meet who do not know each other very well. It is widely recognized that such natural happenings are of keenest in- terest to most persons. On top of this recogniticn we have the stamp of ap- proval cf p-ets and painters, who long have found in Nature their happiest in- spiration, EEE Happy Is the man or woman, whether poet or not, who keceps among his THE AMERICAN “1787 and Today™ BY RANDOLPH LEIGH, Director National and International Oratorical Contests. NQTE—This is one of a series of articles dealing with the making and erpansion of the Congtitution and designed to aid part'cipants in seeuring a Dbackground for their work in the National Oratorical Contest. George Washington was, of course, the outstanding member of the Constitutional Convention, so far as previouz accom- plishments and renown were toncerned. Actually, beyond the all-important value of his presence in giving prestige to the gathering and encouragement to his col- leagues, he made no speech and offered no reselution of any consequence dur- ing the f‘thermg. ‘This was not due to lack of ability or of ideas. Long be- fore the convention was suggested, he had clearly outlined, in letters addressed to leacers in the various States, the need for prompt steps toward a strong and adequate central governmeni. T reason for this silence during the con- | vention itself is to be found in the fact that he was selected as its presi- dent, and that he regardea his duties as similar to those of the sp-aker of the English House of Commons. In other words, he regarded hims:lf as a ref- eree on rules and not as a debater. He executed his task well. In addition, dur- ing the periods of adjournment, he re- peatedly intervened quitely and effec- tively to bring about compromises, and to cguse some hot-headed delegate to restrain himself from pushing sectional issues too far. He was the convention's moderator. It is not too much to say, therefore, that, though virtually voice- less in the convention, Washington made his will, his jucgment end his vision op:ratz continually upon it. Next to Washington, the most power- fyl and famous. man of the gathering was Robert Morris, financler of the Revolution and, during a considerable | part of his carccr, the richest man in America. He owned altogether more than 10,000,000 acres of land. Of this, approximately 6,500,000 acres were in New York and the balance in Virginia, Pennsylvania and South Carolina. Dur- ing the Revolution he had repeatedly secured, for the support of Washington's army, large loans on his own credit, when it was impossible to secure them an the credit of the central Government. He was, in short, the largest landowner the New World—the largest of his own time and of any subsequ-nt period in American history. His prestige in money matters was internaiional, and his operations, both as a broker and a landowner, were colcssal, But a singu- lar shyness ov:1.o0k him at this period. He merely nominated Washingion as president of the convention and there- after did not make another adur:ss to its delegates. Similarly, in_the subse- quent setting up of the new Government he, who had been the money wizard of the Nation, stepped aside for younger men and refused to undertake again the burden of American finances. A busi- ness panic bankrupted him, and he was sent to prison for three years for debt. Franklin, then 81 years of age, enjoyed a tremendous reputation on both sides of the Atlantic, being almost as much admired and loved d and France as at home. His extreme age and his infirmities, which prevented him from addressing the delegates save through the lips of one of his associates from Pennsylvania, handicapped him severely. Nevertheless, his int lligence, his wit, his tolerance and his mal nificent eagerness to give cr.dit and en- couragement to others, made him an important factor at all stages of the discussions. » After these three, in importance came James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, Edmund_Randoiph, Gouveneur Morris, r Sherman, George n, El b Gerry, Rufus King, John Dick- insen, the Pinckneys, James Wilson and John Rutledge. Hamilton, one of the most audacious and intelligent of the delegates, was to display remarkable restraint upon his impatience over the gen unpwilling- ness to the new Government closely on the Buitish system, with em- phasis on the aristocratio and heredi- tary el'ments. He repeatedly urged the del gates to “tone thelr system as high as they could stand it.” Macison was the convention’s most tharough student of the government sys- tems of othir lands and other ages. Prim, persistent, tireless, he not only “Bein’ janitor ef de fown hall,” said i did not miss a single session, but was Uncle Eben, “is & hard job. I has to listen to me end of talk dat's jes' loud engugh to keep me awake,” present during every of the delib- erations. His most important contribu- tion was to be the unofficial Journal, which he kept of the convention—a memory pictures certain glorious visions These he may out the east window any one of these February mornings. ‘The sun rises these days shortly after 7 o'clock. On last Tuesday, for instance, it rose at 7:14 and set at 5:30 o'clock, This is quite a different matter from the 3 am. which was the favorite hour for the sun last Summer. We will never forget one morning in June—or 'ln“ it July—when the dry spell had set earnest. ‘We woke in a half daze, as one some- times will. Getting up, we happened to se0 qfum violet Tight out the window. For a few moments we could not grasp what it was. Tt was like nothing we had ever seen hefore, 30 our half-awakened mentality told us. Shadows of tree trunks and boughs made black bars across the vividness of the purple and violet lghts. pily we told ourself, “Why, you fool, that light is sunrise!” And, sure enough, it was. ‘The usual red glow of dawn, or even It was composed entirely of shades of violet, lavender, heliotrope, orchid, blended through the entire eastern sky, lf-iml which houses and trees and hills and streets stood out as so many shapes cut out of black paper, *x oo It was the purple dawn. We don't know whether there are many like that or not. We rather sus- | peot there are not. If any one pops up io assert and declare that such sun- rises are usual, we will ask for his cre- dentials as an Early Riser. There are no purple sunrises, as far as we can observe, at this time of year. You have heard Kipling’s poem, set to fine music, about dawn coming up like thunder outer China ’'cross the bay. It was the suddenness of it, no doubt, which impelled Kipling to his vivid image. Something of that same sur- prise characterines our Washington sunrises, our Maryland and Virginia sunrises, at this time. = At 7 am. you will be drinking your coffee with the shades lowered and the lights on. A few moments later the outdoors becomes light. Raising the shades, you perceive pink and crimson streaks above the hills. “It's going to be & clear day,” you say, with conviction. A You forget that you are witnessing a ! clear sunrise. One mostly thinks of | sunrise in terms of 3 or 4 a.m., or maybe | 5 a.m., but scarcely as occurring almost late in the day. Yet the 7 o'clock sun-up is no less auth ntic than the earlier, and is much more easily observed by the average per- son. The sunrise which aton wor- shipéd came very, very early, in the clear air of Egypt, centurics ago; the came sun still rises, and, if we are wise, we will pay some attention to its com- ll:i now ard then, just for its own sakke, to say nothing of ours, CONSTITUTION work to be t with in the next artiele. Edmund ndolph, Governor of Vir- | ginia, and therefore ex officlo as well as by right of his own- high talents a },eld:'x; in she athering, was well fitted or the role ponent of a specific basis for discussion, known as the Vir- ginia Plan. Though only 34 years of | age, he had already made a name for| elf as a thinker and a sveaker. The Pinckneys, Charlss Cotesworth and Charles, were cousins, belonging to one of the ablest of South Carolina families. They were destined in the convention and subsequently thereto to add vastly to their fame. Charles Pinckney's plan, submitted several weeks after Randolph delivered his re- markable address opening the discussion and outlining the Virginia Plan, is re- garded by many historians as one of the chief elements in the final shaping of the convention, Gouverneur Marrls, descended from Huguenot who had fled the prosecu- jon of Louis XIV, was, nevertheless, distrustful of popular rule and an able advocate cf a strongly aristocratic gov- ernment. Madison, who in the course of his carcer heard most of the ablest/ speakers over a period of 50 formative years in American history, wrote near the close of his. life that Morris was unique for “the correctness of his lan- guage and the distinctness of his enun- elation.” He put the final polishing touches to the actual text of the Con- stitution, so that that document stands as a proof of his concise and luminous yle. He had only one leg, a circum- stance which would not be worthy of mention in a brief sketch of a states- man were it not that once, while Ambasador to France, Morris, by his usual quick thinking, turned his defiel~ ency to gocd account and saved his life by a clever speeeh on that subject be- fore a French mob. 5 Gerry, acute and clever, was, in view of Shays' Rebellion and the general turmoil in Massachusetts, convinced that a central government was & necessity. He confessed his feer of submitting to his constituents anything suggesting restraint, his people heving “the wildest ideas of government in the world.” Gerry's name has found a permanent place in the political vocal ulary of the Nation through the. word “gerrymander.” That word was coined t> describe Gerry's method of re- districting Massachusetts in 1810 so as to strengthen his political machine. On seeing @ map with the sprawling, shee- string districts outlin upon artist exclaimed, “That centri looks like a Salamander! A gerry- mander, rather!” exclaimed another epponent—and the word lived! UAKY 5, "1931 The Democrats are weighing the cash bonus for veterans of the World War, Some of them have reached the con- clusion that it may mnot, after all, be @ wise move at this time for the Dem- ocratic party to make a partisan issue of the bonus. They argue somewhat in this fashion: If the Democrats get sol- idly behind a ‘cash bonus for the vet- erans, cos! anywhere up to three and billion of dollars at a_time e Treasury is facing a $375, 000,000 deficit, and because of the drain on the financial resources of the eoun- impro ment does not grow less, then ocratic party will be in & tion to be charged with having forced the cash bonus on the country. This would not be so good from the Democratic of view. They are anxious.to cash in, when the tional election takes place next year, on the unpopularity the G. O. P. because of hard times. To be in @ position where the G. O. P. might turn the guns on them and say it the Democrats had forced the cash bonus and prevented a return of’busi- ness does not appeal to some of the Democratic leaders, ® K K ¥ Owen D. Young of New York and the General Elsctric, mentiorfed frequently as a Democratic n;).resldemhl ‘possibility, appearing yesterday before the House Ways and Means Committee, urged the value of their bonus certificates on? to those veterans who are in real need. He estimated that this eould be done for half million dollars. But this of course, was an estimate. No one can say definitely today just how many of the veterans are, out of work or in need beccuse of other circumstances. Mr. Young's testimony, in which he turned his back flatly against the pay- ment ot a cash bonus at this time to all the veterans, and his declaration bonds to the tune of $3,250,000,000 or more in the face of present conditions would be disastrous, in all probability, has given encouragement to the Demo- crats, who do not believe that it would be advisable now to go through with a cash bonus of such proportions. * ok kK Mr. Young took occasion while he was here to insist that he is not a candidate for the presidential nomina- tion. His connection with business and electrical power has been urged aga‘nst him by some of the progressives, both in his own party and in the Repub- lican party. Senator George W. Norris of Nebraska, Republican, who sup- rted the last mocratic nominee for President, does not look with favor on the possibility of Mr. Young's bes coming President of the United States. Nevertheless, the Young boom for Presi~ dent is hrought to the surface now and then. His statement on the soldiers cash bonus is likely to put him still more in th> limelight. The Democrats are wondering wheth- er it would perhaps not be better to g0 to the polls next yeer claiming that the Republican adm'nistration should have advocat:d and put through a each bonus for the vetcrans at this time. Such strategy would place the blame for feilure to pass the bonus on the party in power, and at the same time would reliczve the Democrats of the chance of being chargad with re- tarding business conditions if the bonus were put thrcugh now and proved a burden on the country. * K x x The fear of a special sesslon of the Congress after March 4 s apparently growing upon the Democrats. If Con- fress ends and goes away from Wash- gton until next December, as a great many persons in the country seem to hope it will go, the Democrats may be ‘fi:““ a8 much or more embarrassment than the Republican admin’stration. For if the Democrats farce a special session, ‘which is admittedly an un- popular proposition, they will have to bear the blame for it, Even the fiery statement of Senator Willlam E. Borah of Idaho, Republican Progressive, de- claring that he was will'ng to stay here all Summer if the administration will not yield and permit the passage of the $25,000,000 appropriation to buy food for the distressed all over the country, or some such measure, eannot relieve the Democrats of the Senate from the odium, if there is any odium, for a special session if it materializes now. The Democrats issued their ultimatum before Mr. Borah made his address. Furthermore, Mr. Borah is the last man to hold the Eenate floor for hofirs in a filibuster, * K ok % The Demo must consider what their piogram special sescion is held. They .will have in both houses of Congr:ss almost r equality with the Republicans. They will have in both houses ter strength than the Republican adminis- tration, for they may count upon the Republican insurgents to vote with them against the administration, Under such circumstances the country will look to the Democratic leadership for &' pro- gram of legislation, or perhaps a pro- gram sgainst legislation. Anyway, the Democrats must have a p of som: kind. Some of the lea fear that the cash bonus proposal might get away fram them and go through at & speclal session whether they wish it to do 50 or not. What are they to do about the tariu in a special session where they “actually have control with the Repubiican insurgents, ard about half a dozen other things So the pressure to get through and go away after March 4 is growing on beth sides of the House and Senate Cham- bers. It 18 questionable now whether this will be possible, after so many hard words have been said. But it is reported that the Democrats are willing to pass up & great many things, including Musele , t0 make the getaway. * ok x % ‘The Wickersham report cn national ohibition as it is enforced or not en= lareed, according to the way the ie- port is interpreted, has not yec had any material etfect on the Congress, &l- though it has h; its influ some of the individual membe of that bidy. For example, the Wicker- No delegate created by his mere pres- ence es awkward a_situation as did Thomas Miffiin_of Pennsylvania, who had been a leader in the cabal which had attempted t> deprive Washington of command during the War of Inde- ndence. But Washington's tact and oad-mindedness toward Miffiin in the meeting obviated any unfortunate inci- dents. Mifflin, for his part, worked steadily toward forming an effective Government, &‘lmmah he and all others knew that Washington wpuld inevitably be invited to become the head of that Government. Doughty QGearge Mason of Falrfax County, Va., and duubunr James Wil son of Pennsylvania would have stood | qut in any gathering. John Rutledge of Scuth Carolina was to display legal talents which later caused Washington to lgwlnl him, in 1795, to_be the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court—an ap- pointment to which he failed to se- oure approval because of insanity, which, coming on him at the age of 86, clouded the last four years of his life. Rutledge, whose appointment was due solely to Washington's lggflminn. had, in the eonvention, argued that it was unsafe to allow one man to ap- point judges to the Si me Court. Eccentric Daniel Jenifer of St. Thom- as, Md., was mindful of the attention which Charles rroll of Carroliton had attracted to himself by making the “of Carrollton” a part of his sig- nature to the Declaration of Inde. ndence. Carroll's object had been o make it clear as to where the King's men_were to search for him, if they S0 d«‘slred. uv‘lh‘n i’!‘m}r(e{'n c.?‘;:u sizn the Copstitution the King o - liminated W of Thomas fer,” and so it mng.m g: aa, grisipal of '-\m.n. n :D,.( - b (Copyrisht. 18413 % sham report made several definite r ommendations looking to more ad quate enforcement. Ope of them pro- poses to do away with the limit new imposed under the Volstead act on ih¢ prescription of liquor for medicinal purposes. The Senate has had undes consideration for several days th: Howell bill, setting up a prohibition enforcement for trict_of Co- lL‘!llmbé?fi An l:;ndmentflwu offered to e permittin, ysicians to pre- seribe_liquar for zfig&h patients as they thought best, without the limit now set of & pint or twe every month. The Senate, however, voted this down by 45 to 25, On a motion to reconsider, the advocates of the amendment polled 29 votes. It is true that this 15 a larger vote for any motion looking to making the liquar laws less grastic than has been had in the Senate for But the preponderance of the Senators still apparently devoted to the bone dry laws is still marked. 5 * ok k% The Wickersham report also strang- ly urged that the laws of search and seizure be 1o more gevere, on the t.hngr)"n 'fln“ such u‘u.cclon "o‘:l: merely crease 0 pro- lungn. ;rhz I-lmvol?l%‘:?ll1 m-k‘:v{én search and selzure provisions e District more severe K-n the Volstead act. &nd;: ter&e ‘znlsuaa law wlrrln{; may S search homes onl when there i3 some evidence that they are being used for the sale of liquor, 'n‘u Howel‘ll bill, as ncw amended, per- mits search warranis to issue when it is believed that homes are used for the manufacture or § el o] . Q Are the - | “Nine Till 8ix"?—~G. A. This adoption of a plan for loaning the|is that the attempt to float Government] to be in the event a |} ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS —_—_— BY FREDERIC ]. BASKIN. Many readers send in questions signed only with lnlt:‘h,m-mru that the an- Swers appear newspaper. space is mkd and would not accom= modate a fraction of such The answers published are ones that may interest many readers, rather than the one who asks the question only. All questions should be accompanied by the writer's name and address and 3 cents in coin or stamps for reply. Send your ausuon to The Evening Star Informa- lon Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, direc- tor, Washington, D. C. Te !llw in the cast of z play, written by Aimee and m‘l.in Stuart, has an entire feminine Q. Are there telephones on private wires with the same number used on party lines?>—M. G. No straight line has the same number as a party wire; for instance, if 1234-J and 1234-W were on a party line, there would be no 1234. Q. How old. was Gadski when she came to this country?—S. W. . She was born in 1871 and made her debut in opera in America in 1895 at the age of 24. Q. When was the Fabrician Bridge bullt>—K. C. . A. The Fabrician Bridge in Rome a s A us Island with the left bank of the T, built in 62 B.C, by Lucius Fabricius. It 1s the only bridge bullt in Rome dur- ing the Roman period which has lasted to our day. It is known to modern Romans as the Ponte del Quattro Capl. Q. Hasn't the number of Circuit Courts of Appeals and District Courts changed from the numbers given in yeur columns?—W. T. A. There have been changes. There are now 10 Circuit Courts of Appeal land 91 District Courts. There are 84 District Courts for the States, one for the District of Columblia, one for Alaska, one for Hawali, and one for Porto Rico. Q. What flowers are named in the Bible?—H. B. 8. iy B . There are com) vely few fiowers named in the m It is re- ported that as a whole the Syrian people were not particularly fond of flowers. Among those named are the myrtle, Isaiah, 1v.13; Rose of Sharon, Isalah, xxxv.1; Song of Selomon, i1 lily, I Kings, vii26; Song of Solomon, 1i.16, vi23; Matthew, vi. Flax is found in Exodus, Genesis, Leviticus, Esther, Judges, Proverbs and Kings. Burning bush (or acacia) is mentioned in Ex- odus, 1ii4. The lily is an Arabic gen- eral term and applies to the tulip, ranu- culus, narciasus, iris, water lily, and particularly the anemones which carpet the ground during the Summer season throughout Pales! Q. How did the five Great Lakes get their names?—R. M. L. A. Gannctt's “Origin of Place Names in the United States” says that opinions differ as to the origin of the name Huron, According to some it is a cor- ruption of “Jure” given a tribe of Indians by the French. It means “the head of a wild boar.” is believed | by some that it is from the Indian words “onkwe honwe,” mea “true others believe it is the Indian eaning ‘“cat tribe.” Erie is from “Erige,” or “Erilke,” the name of a now extinct Indian tribe. The word signifies “cat” or “wildeat.” Some authorities believe the word means “mad.” Ontario is the Indian word meaning “beautiful lake or beau- tiful pect of rocks, hills and water.” M is an Indian word said by some to mean “big lake" and by others annusn of e oisinal” Prenet 1s T e 2 Q. How many hotéls are there in Haw-lgu . 8. A. There are 42 hotels on Hawail's four main islands. Last wall had 40,236 visitors. Almost them spent their vacation there, while the rest stopped off em route to other Pacific ports. Qmmmmmfly il from to keep them from work?—S8. T. working are m\-uumaflnmmm A. What is known as PFasclsm in Ttaly originated in Milan in March, 1919, when Benito Mussolini and about 150 of his friends organized a movement of nationalism and syndicalism for the symbol the fasces, a bundle of rods_contal an ax, carried by the lictors before the magistrates of -nc!‘g.nut Rome as a symbol of authority. movement was anti-Socialist alm was the defeat of the radical element, w] ‘War appeared to and its Reds, or hich after the World ar be galning a pre- nderance of power with consequent r. The FPascisti organimation was mostly of young men who were dissatisfied with the fllldln’r of the Peace Conference, in which it was held The party grew rapidly untl amang ew raj un! “black shifts &5 they were nataed, there were upward of ,000 practical- ly all young men. They formed a po- litical party under a protectorate, but on obtaining power expressed adherence to the monarchy, September 10, 1922. Mussolini became both the head of the party and of the government. Q Why is a ;rc vrepnmd cal & round house?— "A. The shop is round, since it built around a turntable, hence term round house. Es Q. When did people walk East River at New York City ice?—E. C. M. the on e A. Pedestrians crossed River from shore to shore the during the Winters of 1852, 1854, 1 1867, 1875 and 1888. The East River not freeze over, the ice in drifted in from the North River formed an ice pack near the site of the presens Brooklyn Bridge. Q. What was the message which was sent to Garcia?—J. J. F. A. The message which President Mc- Kinley sent to Garcia, the Cuban in- surgont general, was an inquiry as to what assistance Garcla would furnish to the United States in the war with Spain. Lieut. Rowan it back in< formation that Gareia furnish lcast 8,000 well armed men, and that they had a system of transmit! infor- mation through the country and ecould act as guldes. Q. What must a person do who is en paicle? D, K. K. 33 H A. The archi and the sculptor is Jones. Lloyd George I s Recognized - As Power Behind MacDonald arge in the role of silen it Great Britain, through his leader of the Liberal bloc, appears to Americans once mare as a shrewd fac- Mlc‘.:odnlld ministry Xm def2 ognized as based u| De reform, which wuumlvc greater power to minorities. Holding that “it is gratifying to the world that the government of Premier MarDonald has weather:d another crit- ical test,” the Flint Daily -Journal be- lieves that “the cabinet is safe until at st next April, when the budget is pras.nted.” That paper contends that unccrtainty has “kept England ‘on edge, " and avers that the administra- t 18 rec~ trying time,” with the conclusion that “yptil there is a clear reason for change, it is hoped that rash action will not be taken.” It is pointed out by the Roanoks Times that “the three-party system that has come ahout in English politics in recent years has resulted in a situa- tion whereby, as often as not, the party r is a minority in Parliament at times.” Th: Times centinuss in its estimate of present conditions: “Recent local elections show a drift toward the Conservatives. This trepd is apt to gain in momentum as time goes by, and the Oonservatives will be wis: to play walting game. Mr, MacDonald has made a creditable record in many re- |spects but, due to causes beyond his cantrol, he has failed to solve the press- ing domestic problim which he was c%sd to office to handle. His govern- ment's lease on power is insecure and uncertain and it can be only a matter of months until he is forced out. But he is wise to insist that when his defeat comes it shall be on a definite and clear-cut issue of impartance and not on a minor point of no partieular sig- nificance.” * x % % “The MacDoaald gavernment, despite the absolutely soild oppasition of the Conserva and the dissent of many Liberals,” cbserves the Providence Journal, “manag.d to command encugh votes on the second reading of the tiades dispute act to stay in office. They had only 27 votes to spare. Had they falled to recele these votes, the Mac- Donald govirnment would have gone out of office and the country, presum- ably, would have been faced with a gen- eral election.” Suggesting that “the Laborite victory np‘)elrl to be rather hallow,” for the bill is expected to be amended ‘“beyond Tecognition, e Journal views the victory as serving “to bring into sharper relief than ever the fact that the Laborites can continue in office only through the courtesy of the two appasition parties’ that “they have no genuine reserve strength to| in & erisis.” d Georg: kept the larger part of his party behind him,” says ihe Lcu's- vilie Courier-Journal, discussing the par.iam-niary vete, “and by abstention upheld the government. He can now press for a new franchiss mcasure which will give the Liberals a represen- tation in proportion to their voting strength. In the last general election, the faction under George 23 per cent of the total vote, but won only 9 per cent of the seats House, been the H‘:.uppermm in th: mind of the Liberal leader, though so far he has striven in vain to put it into actual ferm. In his position of being the d:- .ciding factor in a controversy such as the trades disput: bill, Lloyd George is muster growing strcnger in both houses of Con- gress, whether because cf the Wicker- sham report or because of the last elec- or both. It is expected wmbe&tfl Pongress when he fear that gl be con- tion, s npellin tor in politics. His action in saving the | dis] far more than the head of & party some 50-odd votes. He is & power reckon with. He can press his ideas unemployment relief and election and he may be able to amend the pute bill. For Lloyd George it is better for the Lal %fi! to be pow:r a it but it may be embarrassing to the Lal ministry.” * Kk X That the MacDonald ministry “is hanging by a very slender thread” §8 { the Erie Herald, though it is convinced ;Nif the :lecgul ra(om bill is bef arlioment, “there is_every reason helicve that Mr. MaeDonald can tion “has done rather well in a very |t Journal George Libcrals do not want a new elec- tion, as they see no ce of securing a majority, and the Conservatives are playing a waiting game in the belief that MacDanald’s continual failure to mast-r the unemployment will return to < Jority in the end.” ever, feels that probably pref:r an election now.” Recoanizng that “the British Labor party’s 1t wing frowns upon the schzme of electaral rzform, which is Mr. Lloyd George's rrice for letting the Labor government carry on,” the New York “emes suggests that the Liberal leader “mav b2 said to have thrown himself back upon th> bozom of John Stuart Mill,” who thought that “the great nesd of democracy was th: proper reprasentation of minorities,” The Times offers the comment on the scheme: “Afraid that the Conserva- tives are sure of & majority if a gen. eral election wer: held, these ingenious electaral reformers are trying to keep i power & government that is a minors ity in the House of Cammens. Curiously :nough, some of the enthusiastic 8dvo= cates of one change or the other frankly support it on the ground that it permits a majority in the House to govern, theugh it may b2 supportsd by only & m'ncrity of the electorate. It s'ems & queer sort of demacracy in which such a candition is regarded not as an une happy and temporary accident, but an advantage end a boon. The tendenc af proportional repr-sentation to sweil the number of little parties, make pars liamentary government unstable, pros mote intrigues between shiftin, Ips, hed:vil a composite governmen fié‘m. no clear and single majority, and alters nately beaten by or reinforced by ele- ments from an %ppomkm as heterce neous as its:1f, has been admitted by candid advocates.” “If the Liberal pw seems on the who'e better served the Labor govs crnment than by the Conservative op- positien, there is no oceasion to aceuse Liberal leadership of unworthy jobbery because it adopts » course calowated to forward Lib ral policies,” in the judg- {ment of the zltimore Sun. The Springfield (Mass.) Union states that “while repeatedly censuring MacDonald, L'oyd George is frank to say that con- ditiens would be much worse if the Conservatives were in wer.” The South Bend Tribune concludes that “it leved that 8ot in the "To Tectify this situation has | inat d Error of Judgment, From the New London Day. A Brantford, Ontario, man has been fined for driving h's sleigh at night without a tail light. He started out E th;‘ day, lI.lpset and liu.'““:’.::om re he got going agal have remained upset until morning. Pickled. Prom the Hamiltan Spectator. Tha motopist from his ear & vat of ieatoar do