Evening Star Newspaper, February 3, 1931, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASBHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY......February 3, 1831 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor ‘The Evening su: .Nm Company Fennsyivas ve, A o Rate by Carrier Within the City. e Evening Star.. 5c per month T e e monts Cehen s Subdays) ‘6sc per month T eLTn mads at the enid of Shch month, grflm'mn'y‘e- et %5 mall o Veiephone Ational 8000, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ily and Sunda: .1yr, $10.00: 1 mo., 85¢c junday only ‘1yr, 6. N ivr, §4.00; 1 mo. 40 All Other Stales and Canada. ily and Sunda: yr.; $12.00: 1 mo., §! i:u; Shiy S yr., $8.00; 1mo., nday only yr., $5.00; 1 mo., Member of the Associated Press. The Associsted Press is exclusively entitled publication of all news dis- o it or not otherwise cred- d the locel news All rights of publication of herein are also reserved. 1.00 8¢ 50¢ e s special dispatches Against Human Suffering. Senator Borah, insisting upon the relief of suffering by the Federal Gov- ernment, apparently takes the position in his address to the Senate that only those who believe as he does are against human suffering. The Idaho Senator is sadly mistaken. The individual American citizen who contributes to the Red Cross in this emergency is quite as much against human suffering as is Senator Borah, or even Senator Cara- way of Arkansas. It is not difficult for an orator to appeal to the sympathies of a Nation for the relief of hungry and ragged women and children. It is not difficult to state the case against human suffering. The unfairness of Senator Borah and Senator Caraway, however, lies in the fact they are disposed to at- tribute to other members of Congress and to the President of the United States indifference to human suffer- ing because they favor the traditional way of dealing with distress in the United States and are against es- tablishing & precedent of having the Federal Government on & huge scale enter into the handling of charity in this country. An unfortunate result of the conflict between Senator Borah, Senator Cara- way and other Democratic and Progres- sive Republican Senators on the one hand and the House and the President on the other over the method of handling the relief problem is that in many in- stances it is arousing the political an- tagonism of opponents of the adminis- tration to such an extent that they are declining to make contributions to the Red Cross, the organization that is on ! the firing line in the drought-stricken areas. The more Senator Borah and Senator Cara¥ay hurl defiance and epithets at their opponents, who are recognized as on the other side of the political fence, the more the whole mat~ ter becomes a political issue, outside of the realm of charity. Senator Borah fnsists that the present establishment of the dole by the Federal Government, as proposed in the Rob- inson amendment to the Interior De- partment appropriation bill, is not prop- erly to be called a “dole.” But in the next breath ne points out that Britain established a dole because men were out of jobs and that as soon as jobe are found for them Britain will do away with the dole. The implication is, of course, that as soon as jobs are found in the United States for the men out of work the Federal Government will cease to feed them. It looks very much as though Senator Borah were quibbling over the term to be applied to the Federal aid be desires for the drought-stricken and the unemployed. ‘The Democratic supporters of the dole are going far afield They no longer look with regard, for example, on the opinion of Grover Cleveland, whom they twice elected President of the United States. President Cleveland in 1887 vetoed a bill appropriating Federal money for a free distribution of seeds in the drought-stricken coun- ties of Texas. In his message return- ing the bill to Congress, President Cleveland said: “Though the people support the Government, the Govern- ment should not support the people. ‘The friendliness and charity of our countrymen can be relied upon to re- lieve their fellow citizens in misfor- tune. This has been repeatedly and quite lately demonstrated. Federal aid in such cases encourages the expecta- tion of paternal care on the part of the Government and weakens the | sturdiness of our national character, while it prevents the indulgence of that kindly sentiment and conduct which strengthens the bonds of a common brotherhood.” ———————— | As befits ihe loftiness of his position, | Mussolini remains quite calm despite the agitation over Gen. Butler's remarks. In fact he and Gen. Butler are among the few persons who do not appear in-) clined to become agitated by the inci- gent. e The Schneider Cup Race. Spurred by the desperate efforts of Al Williams, America’s premier spsed Byer, to Taise funds to construct a plane | for the coming classic of aviation, the Schneider Cup race, Representative La Guardia of New York in a letter to the Navy Department asked for an answer to the question “Why does the United States not have an airplane fit and ca- pable to enter the event?” The answer from the department was promptly given, but it is only half an answer to the millions of persons in this country who believe that the method to de- velop fast planes is to conduct constant researches and then to build them for competition and who are shocked to know that the world's speed record, held by the British, is ninety-one miles an hour greater than an American plane has ever attained. The depart- ment states that the reason why Amer- for Amer- fifty-seven miles an hour with a sea- plane is one hundred and fifty-one miles an hour greater than the fastest pace at- tained in the 1930 air meet at Chicago with a land plane, the Navy Depart- ment has requested no funds for the building of & plane for the Schneider race. Since the Navy withdrew, Al Wil- liams has carried on alone. He holds the American record of two hundred and sixty-six miles an hour, attained by a nine-thousand-foot dive before straightening out. For two of the Schneider races he succeeded in raising private capital enough to build a ship, but unfortunately his two gallant ef- forts to have America represented on the other side of the Atlantic were failures. His third attempt will be made this Summer, and he is again “going it” single-handed. It is almost a hopeless task for one man with private funds to compete with nations which leave no stone un- turned in the struggle for supremacy, and it is a national disgrace that year after year Williams should carry on sl 80 ahead to make its aircraft obsolete. ——. Minnesota’s Employment Plan. A report that has reached the Presi- dent's Emergency Committee for Em- ployment from the Minnesota Employ- ment Commission bears in an interesting manner upon a phase of the eco- nomic situation that has probably escaped general public attention. The Minnesota commission, appointed in November by the retiring Governor and confirmed in January by his successor, has adopted a comprehensive program of State construction for relief of the emergency which is based upon the principle of supplying present and not future needs. In other words, Min- future for the sake of the immediate requirements. It appears that there is a sufficient program of construction for present necessities to absorb all the appropriations that the Stats can safely make without putting its financial af- fairs in jeopardy, while at the same time giving employment to those who are now idle through lack of private Jobs. This situation probably exists in all the States—that is to say, an arrears of public works sufficient if fully ap- propriated for now to give employment to most if not all of those idle at pres- ent. Yet there is a disposition in some communities and States to overextend the activity in the zeal to assure abun- dant opportunities for workingmen in this crisis. Instances are known of the undertaking of projects that are not assuredly required, that are of a prob- lematical chatcter and that might be classed as luxuries or extravagances. It is somewhat like the rush immediately after the war for the bonding of cities and counties and States for public works at a rate never before known in this country. But even with the overborrowing and overproduction and overspending of a decade ago, which undoubtedly con- tributed to the slump of 1921, there are enough legitimate projects, if amply financed, to relieve in a very short time the present economic stringency. The problem of the State commissions, as of the Pederal commission, is to program the work in such a way as to afford a steady as well as immediate employment for the now surplus labor until private occupation suffices in the revival of business to insure normal percentages of work everywhere. 5 Any other policy than that adopted by the State commission of Minnesota, whigh is that of confining the program of emergency works to present needs, endangers the stability of the labor sit- uation of the future. To undertake works that are not now needed—works that may be needed hereafter—is to draw upon a reservoir of future possi- bilities in a manner to deplete resources available for future contingencies. ————r—— Naturalists say that the hedgehog was the animal which in Europe was supposed to indicate on February 2 the weather prospects for the next few weeks. Having no hedgehog, our American anoestors substituted the ground hog in deference to the ancient spirit which declines to permit a little thing like a matter of fact to stand in the way of a cherished superstition. ———————— Sweden’s Royal Romance. All the world loves a lover, especially when the lover is a prince or princess of the blood royal. Hence, the interest which not only his own country, but peoples far remote from it, are taki in the romance of 21-year-old Prine Lennart of Sweden. Renouncing rank, title, position and heirship to the throne, he has chosen to marry a com- moner, the 20-year-old daughter of a Btockholm business man. King Gustaf, the prince’s grand- father, following a family council, pro- claimed yesterday in a message from the palace that “after serious consider- ation and with deep regret” he was unable to sanction Lennart's choice of the girl who has been his sweetheart since childhood. The prince forthwith announced his engagement to Miss Karin Nissvandt and his intention to make her “Mrs. Lennart Wilhelmson” some time in 1932. Together they will settle down somewhere in the Swedish countryside, to live the life of a gentle- man farmer and his wife, which Prince Lennart vastly prefers to the fuss and foibles of royal existence at court. Happily, Mr. and Mrs. Wilhelmson will experience no difficulty in keeping the wolf from their rural door. The bride- to-be is heiress to a substantial fortune. Stockholm dispatches recall that no jca has no ship “fit and capable” to enter the race is because of insufficient funds, but neglects altogether to state that no funds have been asked of Con- gress since the Navy withdrew from Schneider Cup competition and presum- from finterest in the developiment Swedish prince has contracted s mor- ganatic marriage in more than 400 years—since the foundation of the House of Vasa, in 1521. Yet the pres- ent reigning house of Fonte Corvo, founded in 18 had Marshal Bernadotte, nesota is not going to discount m] | has gotten used to suspense and is able the house which venerates a commoner as its progenitor. Ever and anon it is whispered that the Prince of Wales—the world's most haps Prince Lennart’s defiant leap into the matrimonial sea will give Britain's royal commercial traveler inspiration and courage. ————————— Direct Treatment for Recalcitrants. An inquiry is in progress in New York into the affairs and methods of one of the banks that recently failed in that city. The special attorney who is con- ducting the investigation has been try-| ing to find out to what extent the direc- | tors of the institution borrowed money from it for stock speculations. One of them was being examined the other day | and was asked directly whether he had | margin accounts in Wall Street into which went money from the bank. The witness refused to answer on the ground that it was a private matter, declinirg to avail himself of the plea that to reply | to the question would tend to incrimi- nate or degrade him. When he per- sisted in his refusal the examining at- torney ordered him placed under arrest on a charge of misdemeanor, conviction of which carries a penalty of two years | in prison and a fine of $5,000. The re- | forty minutes he was confined in the “bull pen” with an assortment of human odds and ends which gave him to think, as the French say. When the prelimi- naries for his arraignment were com- pleted at the end of that period he informed the investigating attorney that it was needless to go any further, for he was now quite willing to answer the ‘question. Which he did, in the affirma- tive.. A little direct treatment now and then is tonic for the most stubborn of men. e Statistics show that an immense vol- ume of business was transacted in the |yur 1930. The retrospect is cheering though not conveying much desired as- (surlnce that the affluence was great enough to avert increase of taxes and a | raising of food prices when the market !hukgc of the future measures up what the farm has to offer. ——————————— The health of Albert Fall was at one time reported so precarious that he !sught not to be compelled to face ordeals in court immediately as they arcse. By this time it is probably assumed that he to regard the proceedings as all in the day’s work. Conditions in Arkansas are described as famine, The word is a harsh one and unfamiliar in the experience of this country, which has always been able to relieve neighboring distress and in addi- tion to go afar through the world in answer to the call of want. —————— If Bergdoll, famed as a draft dodger in days gone by, has found a spot of secure repose in this country, he prob- ably wishes certain writers would re- frain from discussions of “another war.” ——————— Stalin has convinced a number of Russians that if they will submit to being made miserable for a while he will be able to show them how to be happy ever after. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Interview With a Farmer. ‘Talkin’ 'bout the weather . Used to be & dot o’ fun, When the dally work was done, And the folks would get together ‘To put trouble on the run. ‘Told of snows a-fallin® And a-driftin’ six feet high ‘Till & thaw came drawin’ nigh, As it heard the crops a-callin’, “Do not let the fields go dry!” B ‘Talkin® 'bout the weather Is a serious affair, Not a way to banish care, ‘When the soil is tough as leather, And the luck seems hard to bear. Saving His Words. “You have not been as elcquent as; usual.” “I haven't tried to be,” answered Senator Sorghum. “There is so much urgznt business to be transacted that I don't belleve theré is much popular demand for mere lecturing.” Jud Tunkins says he doesn't complain of unemployment because he has more than he can attend to fixing the radio and keeping the family automobile going. Discredited Prophet. Where are the fancies light and rare "They once amused us with? Even the ground hog, they declare, 1s nothing but a myth! Futuristic Effect. “Old Crimson Gulch 1s growing larger and handsomer every day,” said the en- thusiastic tourist. “No doubt about it,” answered Cactus Joe. “Of courss we haven’t the tall bulldings yet. But our gas filling sta- tions are colored up in a way that looks better to me than the futuristic art in some of the big stores out to Chicago.” “One who has little to say and says it well,” sald Hi Ho the sage of China- town, “may carry a message worth more than one that requires volumes.” Time Lost in Transmission. The people have a generous way And wish to give without delay. ‘Too oft before relief is sent It has to wait for argument. “No matter how wise you gits,” sald Uncle Eben, “you gotta leave a little to luck. Don't imagine dat you knows when a certain hoss is gwinter win a race. Even d+ hoss hisself don’t know dat much.” ——— Nobedy. From the Charleston (W. Va.) Dally. In the Den: taught and in plumbing. Now, who learns sewing? Kind Words. lumbus Ohio State Journal. BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Another public nuisance is the man or woman who pretends that you should know every person he asks you about. “How does L. H. Shoringham spell his name?” he asks, casually. “Never heard of him,” you incau- tiously reply. His eyes gleam. Ah! never heard of L. H. Shor- is gigantic, pro- digious. His accents declare, dthnu;:h his words do not, that such stupidity is beyond understanding. “Have you been living in a cave somewhere,” he seems to be saying, his eyes round with wonder, “that you have never heard of the great Shoring- ham?” You doggedly stick to your guns. “No, never heard of him. What does he do?” You know that the fat is in the fire, that the cat is out of the bag, that you are between the devil and the deep blue sea, you well realize all that and much more, but there is no retreating now. You have admitted, with your usual honesty, a perfectly natural ignorance, one in which ninety-nine men out of & hundred would join you, but you will get not one ounce, not even a grain, of credit for that. Giving credit is not in his line. Realizing in the depths of his own mind and heart the profundity of his own ignorance, he is delighted to dis- cover, through your own admission, that you, too, fail to know a thing or two. O You attempt to wither him with the weapons of truth’s heavy artillery. “There are thousands of men,” you begin, ‘“that you have never heard of, and there are thousands that every man has not heard of.” You hear him sniff incredulously. “No man can know every man, no matter if he is in his own line of life activity. The thing is impossible. So don’t pretend such amazement when I tell you frankly that I do not know Shoringham, do not know what he does, and am rapidly coming to the conclu- sion that I do not care.” This is a pretty good speech, you think, but its merits are lost on your friend, for he has caught you in a trap, and will never let up. “Well,” he says, “if you don't know him, of course, you don't know how to spell his name.” You remind him that he, who does know the great man, or who at least gremnd.s to, doesn’t know how to spell is name either. You at least have the merit of not even wanting to know how to spell the surly fellow's name. Even if you knew, you would spell it wrong, deliberately. A . ‘Thé human animal is silly in small things no less than in large. Gigantic war is not the only endeavor in which mankind makes an ass out of ftself, , ‘This thing of pretending that others are vastly ignorant ‘m because they have the honesty to it ignorance is one of the worst. You might as well expect a booklover to know all the books published today, THE AMERICAN T when the s are smoking and the book count are groaning with the ever-increasing loads. Everybody in the book game will ad- mit that there are too many books, too many for the godd of authors, publish- ers, dealers, readers alike. The thing has gotten away from them all, in the name of efficiency and busi- ness, with the result that no sensible reader makes any “keeping up with new books.” Unive knowledge of other men Sty mposeime. Nor 15 1 particus eq jor = larly desirable. As for beln’ & walking dictionary of the spelling of their names, who would want to be that? e o Let no one say, “Well, you did not have to say you never heard of him. Why did you not answer the question, and reply, ‘I don't know how to spell his name’ "'? Honesty rebels at such a course. You know at once, through past ex- perience with the questioner and simi- lar temperaments, that he will sneer if you dare to admit ignorance. So you admit it. He is a challenge, and you refuse to be challenged. Even if you did know all about the man, you mmy ‘would say you never heard of , just out of pure con- trariness. The certainty of the retort, and the absurdity of it, intrigue you far more than a play on the stage. Here is acting f:r ;ou; * &uwme any more of | 4 e NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM LG M. ASPECTS OF BIOGRAPHY. Maurois. D. Appleton & Co. With waywise readers, therefore more or less exacting readers, biography is nowadays neck and neck with the novel itself in favor. Not so ago, as periods of time count, both b! phy and history were classed in effect with other ead matter. g status_was a_prime credential of the two, from ich they drew a favorable to examinad g:ducfion ‘The itic 8 ity conclusion. These two subjects there- fore constituted in the main the field of the scholar from which he hoped to secure bly a smothered candle flame of disclosure upon the present or, even more dublously, a flickering firefly light upon the future. As for he common n;n,mtheu subjects were part e dreary routine of oming educated.” Maybe, besides, an instinctively pious ure toward an. ancient past, even of intimidating potencies. Today, seeing biography so up and dressed and all ready to go, taking its part in current affairs with sturdy com- petence on its side, with ready accept- ance on other side, one naturally ?ues'.lom the cause of such emergence rom the grave of forgotten things into the open of daily contacts and prompt ";;“an‘f@d.r M: is, te) lere e Maurols, competent and llual%'!ln( modern biographer, talks straight from his own experiences with Here is the Man: Who Pretends to|the subject about some of its new as- Universal Knowledge. pects and powers, about its direct and His aim is not so much to get credit 'el"l}.i)e »nt influence upon current life. for himself as to discredit you. Let us give the devil Mis due. He has no particular desire to discredit you before the world, but only to gain for nimself a temporary sense of su periority. He gives you the same by making you realize that he is perhaps a wee bit jealous of you, else he would not try to rub it in so. There are many men, and some wom- en, to whom questions at random are simply challenges to*their honesty, and not at all to their knowledge. realize only too well that the amount of knowledge any one has is as nothing compared to the vast extent of what there is to know and what they might know even in their little sphere. Every life is a little sphere, with the possessor holding tenaciously to a small nucleus of truth, swimming the while in a vast area of ignorance. ‘The finer the ,, and the more he knows, the quicker he will be to admit his ignorance, his gigantic lack of knowledge in the blistering face of All There Is to Know. ‘When he does not know, he is quick to say so, no matter what the reaction will be. In fact, the surer he is that the reaction will be to his detrimen the surer he is to make his lack knowledge plain. & If any one does not understand this, he does not understand intellectual hon- esty, and many do not, of course, in a world where deception is one of the laws of nature. CONSTITUTION “1787 and Today” BY RANDOLPH LEIGH, Director National and International Oratorical Contests. NOTE—This is one of a series of articles dealing with the making and ezpansion of the Comstitution and designed to aid participants in securing a background for their work in the National Oratorical Contest. For the dramatic qualities of its per- sonnel, the originality of its procedure and the magnitude of its results, the Constitutional Convention of 1787 is unique among the decisive gatherings of history. It began under a cloud—as, indeed, everything in that chaotic period was under a ;l‘t;\:‘d ‘fl:’ onah kénd or Larna:%g;. But the ic cloud over the con- vention was the lack of sufficient inter- est to even draw the delegates to the meeting place in Philadelphia. ~Sev- enty-three delegates had been selected by the 13 States, but on May 14, the date set for the opening meeting, only 10 delegates were present. They waited until May 25, by which time 20 men, celegated by only seven of the States, came together in Carpenter's Hall, birthplace of the Declaration of Inde- pendence. It seemed that Fate, kind to the Americans in revolt, had turned cold toward them in peace. The Articles of Confederation, under which the States had tried to function after declaring their independence, had proved utterly inadequate. Several of the States found actual rebellion within their borders. Credit was ruined. Almost all of the States were raising tariff barriers against one another and were denying reciprocal rights to citizens of other States who happened to visit or have dealings within their jurisdictions. The weak Congress of the Confederation, which “had the authority to do every- thing and the power to do nothing, sent out a despairing call to the States to “revise” the Articles so as to save the land from anarchy. il The Legislatures designated gheir rep- resentatives, but showed their hostility in many instances by giving them instruc- tions which, if adhe! to, would doom the gathering to failure from its very outset. Several of the most notable delegates, Patrick Henry among them, showed their distrust of the whole mat- ter by declining to even serve. Others of almost cqual renown, among them Charles Carroll of Carrollton, accepted the appointment, but did not take the trouble to attend. The Adamses, all- important in New England during the opening stages of the Revolution, and destined to the highest honors under the government which grew out of the convention, were conspicuously absent from the convention during this time, described by Fiske as “the ecritical period in American history.” Jol [Adams was representing the Govern- ment in England, and Samuel Adams was so suspicious of a strong central government that he did not try to se- cure a place as a convention delegate, and was only with difficuity induced to throwshis deciding support to it when the question of the ratification of the Constitution came up in Massachu- setts. Jefferson, one of the most popular men in the Nation, was in France as Ambassador, and was far from sanguine as to the results of the new effort to- ward creating a central government, though he felt that something had to be done. Looking back from the vantage ground of the present and realizing the magni- tude of its accomplishment, we are ac- customed to speak of the Constitutional Convention as the most brilliant gath- ering in American history, and one of the most notable of all times. But it is only in the light of later develop- ments and their later deeds that these delegates loom so large. They were, for instance, far less distinguished for their immediate period than the men of the Declaration. What distinguishes them today and makes them seem like giants is not so much what they had already done up to the time of their gathering, but what they were to do, in forming & new Sre ,uvemment. and secondly, in making it u) nction with unparalleled success. There were, of course, names already magical in their power—Washington, Pranklin and Robert Morris, for in- nu‘,:,ea——bue. for the most part, renown a ted the delegates—and re- nmnwumummmde- served! ‘There was the usual scal of eg:s, bt two gonaral stocd out —the old men, wise m to meke radical concessions to meet desperate needs, and the young men, audacious enough to think conservatively under con%mom which would have rendered most young men useless. This young Madison, Hamilton, King, Gou- Morris, hwn&l: mndo}ph. furnish suggestions itution and history. To one locking down from a distance of nearly a century and a half on these shapers of lafge events, another startling fact stands out—they were not only to do vast , but were to be played with strangely by Fate, more strangely, perhaps (their numbers and circumstances considered), than any single group in American histcry. Only 55 men attended the convention and only 39 of them signed the Consti- tution. Out of that small number, one was to be in a duel, one was to die in an accident, another was to be ed and still ‘another, the finan- | i poisone cler of the Revolution and the richest of all America: was to spend three years to! prison. A gifted lawyer was, in the very hour of his it- ment as Chief Justice, to become’ - lessly insane. Another was to vanish without leaving & trace. Two were to die before the government they provided for began to function, and two were to serve as President under that gov- ernment. Surely Fate played freely with the fathers! (Copyrisht, 1931.) Whither Britain? From the Manchester Union. Whither Britain? With the prospect of 200,000 Lancashire cotton workers quitting work today, following the strike of 150,000 Welsh coal miners on New Year day, this question springs spon- taneously to the mind of the onlooker. Already over 2,000,000 unemployed in Great Britain are supported by a dole, that is heavily over-drawn; and yet the British worker and employer alike do not hesitate to add upward of half a million more to the number. This situation reveals plainly one of the major difficulties in the British eco- nomic problem, that for so long has re- fused to yield to solution. It has been customary (o look to the government to devise means for helping British in- dustry out of its present predicament, and to heap censure upon the govern- ment because it has failed to provide these means. But it is apparent that all outside efforts toward this end are serjously handicapped where there is so all odds day, b; hn | complete a lack of the spirit of co-oper- ation between the two chief parties in industry as is exhibited in recent de- velopments. This is not a question of allocating the blame in the present dispute in the British coal and cotton industries. The problems that these two industries face are not simple. Both demand a radical reorganization to enable them to meet the increasing competition in the world's markets. Profits, on the one hand, and wages on the other, are low, rendering the task of readjustment more formid~ able. It is plain, however, that if the workers and employers are to maintain an uncompromising. attitude toward each other, the whole situation is not only rendered more difficult but also calamitous. Nothing is more important at a time of business depression than co-opera- tion, In this 1espect the United States has been particularly fortunate. Last year showed a lesser number of labor disturbances in this country than usual. ‘This record can be credited to the spirit of co-operation that has grown up be- tween the \wo major in indus- try. Both the employer and the em- loye have acquired the ability to hold eir respective problems in their proper balance, and to have regard for each on"’{f}l wel}“dure ird for the all due r or peculiar difficulties in the British industrial sit- uatior., this mutual attitude apparently does not exict, or if it exists, it is to & minor degree. The miners and mine- owners, it is true, both declare that they have come so near the economic dead line in compromises that they can con- cede nothing more. And yet the issue of the present dispute, the division of a 45-hour week, on which a strike and lock-out were seems totally inadequate to the risks to British industry, trade, and general well being that are fnvolved: simultaneously _called, ' prolific .cart of M. Maurols’ discussion throughout is that the surface skim- mings of event, either in the life of a man or of a nation, will no longer do. That rumor and hearsay. passing crook- edly from one to another, lead away from the subject and not into it. That taking, sums to a body of externals which loses in any actual efficacy of im- port through the shifting and transi- tory character of the circumstances from which these reportings arose. The six chapters of this book were, primarily, lectures before a body of stu- dents. Conversations, er. = Easy, informal, friendly, free from any pure- ly academic savor. gm rts, lifting them from the over into English, appears to have lost no grain of that Gallic intellectual penetration, that acuity of interpretation, that spirit- ual fellowship for which M. Maurois and the rest of his tribe are so deeply nng 50 highly valued. Tom many an angle of approach does this writer take a hand with biog- raphy, old and new. Considering his subject concretely, M. Maurois calls to Judgment one after another of these personal histories, from St. Columba on through the Middle Ages, down to the present day and hour. Out from their book houses he calls various of these e (n:hm. south?—N. T. {namely, the fleur-de-lis of France, the {lions and castles of Spain, the eagle / ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. something you delay? Submit your question to Fred- eric J. Haskin, director of our Wash- ington Information Bureau. He is em- ployed to help you. Address your in- quiry to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C., and inclose 2 cen in coin or stamps for return postage. Q. Which broadcasting station is ‘WIOD at Miami Beach, Fla, is farthest south. Q. Why is a certain perfume called ylang-ylang?—F. H. A." Yiang is the name of a rare Chi- nese flower which is very fragrant. The perfume which is made from this flower bears the name. Q. Are librarians paid high sal- aries?—R. E. A ‘Making a Living,” by Lyon, says: ay in most libraries is not high. * * Trained persons without experience are commanding fyom $1,100 to $1,600 or more yearly. Most sal- aries are probably below $2,000, but many individuals receive from $2,000 to $10,000, with only a few, however, in the upper level.” Q. Does Europe raise as much wheat as the United States?—E. W. A. FEurope raises much more. In 1929, according to the preliminary re- port, excluding Russia, Europe raised 1,415,000,000 bushels, while the United States raised 807,000,000 bushels. Q. Under what flags has Texas ex- isted?—V. C. A. Texas has existed under six flags and snake of Mexico, the Lone Star banner of the Republic of Texas, the Ve stars and bars of the Southern Confed- | I. record even, made with labor and pains- | eracy and flnally the Star Spangled Banner. Q. For whom is_the Gov. Winthrop desk named?—E. M. M. A. Gov. Winthrop was the first Gov- ernor of the Massachusetts Colony, and is honored as the founder of Boston. Q. What are incunabula?—L. B. A. ‘They are the beginnings or earli- est monuments of an art, race or other product of historical change or devel- opment. A more specific use of the word is “specimens of printing and block-engraving that appeared before or soon after 1500 A.D.” Q. Is it true that there is a demand for veterinary surgeons?—N. F. A. Dr. Mohler of the Department of Agriculture says that there is room in this profession for more people. There are approximately 10,500 veterinarians in the United States at present. Q. What are mortgage insurance and famous characters, asking them to tell whether or not the records of them are true revelation. ~Therefore, whether or not they are of value in helping to solve the prime riddle of creation—man. Are they, these books, true to the day and hour of their portrayal? Are they true to the man If and, therefore, calculated to promote un ding, to modify behaviors, to direct affairs, to compass the full spirit through chang- ing eras of time and circumstance? Knowledge, understanding, human rela- tionships. Such the purpose, such the use, in effect the sole use, of history and its companion, biography. M. Maurois tests biography as science, as art, as means of expression for the artist, and then moves into a considera- tion of autoblography. By way of this study it becomes clear that science is the controlling spirit of the new biog- fnphy as it is of every other form of human endeavor. To know the truth. Such is the sum and substance of all effort. Investigation, research, proof, evidence, retrial, revision under fresh discovery—such the measures that science in this modern day has imposed upon every activity, upon all human re- lationships. Not cnly in industry, not in governments and politics alone, not in the finding of new worlds, not in the miracles of modern invention—are these urgencies toward exact truth compulsory. In searching the heart of man the demand equally imperative. And so, nowadays, the old rumors and re- cordings will no longer do, as M. Mau- rois make so stirringly clear. Original sources of inf n—Iletters, personal documents, diaries and business deal- gs that are matters of official -nota- tion, straight facts of blood and birth and influences upon the early and plas- tic years—these are the material, in kind, for the recreative work of the bi- And even with such store of material, from the basic sources of there are great difficulties. Let us look at a few of them. A man of scholarly habit and of scientific spirit, having searched indefatigably, having gather:d abundantly, sits surrounded by the materials of another man—the one whose life he is going to set out for others to read. Hers he is, a truth seeker, Here it is, the truth. A straight matter, it seems, though one of great and grinding labor. Yet, once, interventions make their appear- ance. Thin to come in between. The first obtruder is the purpose of the work. Why is it being donc? In earlier and more plous days authors wrote “lives” of good and holy men to induce others to righteousness. Nowadays the object may be different, is different. But it is none the less powerful in directing the pen. The purpose drives the work and usually unbalances it away from many an important truth of character or conduct belonging to the subject in hand. Again, the writer himself is a distinct _intervention. His own inbred way of looking at life, the drift of his own_intellectual habit, the color and depth of his own feelings—his preju- dices, if you will—these and innumerable other personal equations come in to modify the character of him with whom he is working. The shift of time itsell is a powerful agency against the re- creation of a man in his own day and circumstance. A powerful hindrance wl the fre: flow of his spirit out into the present as a contributory influence. Today “original sources of informa- tion” is a hobby of assertion, even for the passing novel or the makeshift pamphlet. It is a menace to scrious writing where its office, in good hands, is high and important. “Newly dis- covered documents” serve the most shallow and transitory of needs. Even in exp:rt hands these invaluable records become at times a danger, even historic calamity. For the passing author such claims are short-sighted nonsense. The other day there came, into the Book Room, Chronicle, official period- ical of the University of California. Substantial, competent, admirable throughout. Interesting! An article here by the historical writer, Gilbert | the Chinard, traces the fallacies that rose and have persisted concerning the Prench source of Jefferson's political philosophy. Not a French source at all, as Mr. Chinard mak:s plain and conclusive. The point here is not in any sense to refer to the scope and excellence of the study. As an American, active in help- ing to make and sustain the Govern- ment, this is one of the things you . | the “insured agrees to carry insurance t information, | ¥ credit insurance?—J. G. W. A. Mortgage insurance is insurance that is taken out to cover a mortgage on property; a form of policy in which equal to a certain percentage of the value of the property insured (usually 80 per cent) and, in consideration of this, sometimes receives a reduction in rate. If he fails to maintain insurance to the extent agreed upon and “should have a partial loss, he will be unable to collect the full amount of his claim, as he becomes a co-insurer and is re- sponsible for his proportion of the loss. Credit insurance is a ity that a manufacturer or jobber (policies are not issued to retailers) shall not suffer from those losses occurring because of the insolvency of debtors coming within the coverage of the , which are in company guarantees to {wlfl ',h!'“net excess 9’;:" loss. Q. What were the early Colonial candles made of?—G. 8. M. A. Marion N. Rawson says, in “Can- dle Logs”; “Bear’s grease and deer suet went into some of the first candles which the early settlers made in this country; and then' spermaceti, the waxy solid obtained from the head of the sperm whale and brought to the coast of New England before the mid- dle of the sixteen hundreds.” Q. What became of Col. Fawcett, who started upon an exploring expedition & few years ago?—F. W. B. A. Col. Fawcett, a noted British ex- plorer, his son Jack and a friend, Ra- leigh Rimell, left for Brazil in 1925, with the idea of finding a lost civilization. Nothing was heard of them and in February, 1928, a relief expedition un- der Comdr. Dyott attempted to reach the party. After considerable search and investigation, Dyott reported that he was convinced Fawcett and his party had perished at the hands of hostile Indians in the Xingu country in July, 1925. Col. Fawceit was a member of the Royal Geographical So- clety of London and the search for him was instigated by the society. AQI-' Who invented the saxophone?— A. There was a famous family of Belgian musical instrument-makers named Sax. The inventor of the saxo- phone belonged to this family and his name was Antoine Joseph Sax, known as Adolphe Sax. He was born at Di- nant, Belgium, November 6, 1814, and died 'in Paris February 4, 1894. In 1845 he took out a patent for the sax- horn. On June 22 he registered the saxophone. Q. Has the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D. C.. always occupied the site upon which it now stands?— the policy= this normal A. The original home of the institu- tion was at Pennsylvania avenue and Seventeenth street, but in 1897 its col- lections were transferred to the pres- ent building, located at New York av :tzxe Bndcse\'entecnth street, Washing. Q. How does it happen that Great Britain owns the Rock of Gibraltar?— M. R. A. The Rock of Gibraltar after cen- tun;us';{m ennmccl meen the Moors an was fo! ly ted under the Spanish crown in 1502. It for the recovery of the rock both by & military and peaceful arbitration was made by Spain for many years. During the American War for Independence an extreme effort was made, backed by PFrance, and in 1779 one of the most memorable_sieges of history took place. In 1783 a final engagement occurred and peace was declared. Since that time the fock has been in the of the British crown and has the status of a crown colony. Q. How much money did Jotta Crabtree leave?—G. E. D. A. She is said to have been the wealthiest player in America. She left $3,000,000, most of it to charity. Q. What will take the lumps out of brown sugar?—J. K. A. Placing the sugdr in ( ‘warm oven for a few moments will soften the lumps. MQi Does dew fall on a desert?—M. 'A.'Since dew is produced by the con- densation of watery vapor from the at- excess of the normal loss incident to his particular business. The insuring Pavlowa Honored in Death mosphere, it does not occur in deserts. As One of Immortal Artists American tributes to Pavlowa, great dancer, whose death removed an unsur- passed exponent of genuine beauty, place her among th: immortals. Many voice regret that while other artists have been able to leave for posterity their works of genius, only the memory of one who approached perfection remains to mark her career. “She had the world at her feet,” says the Albany Evening News, declaring that “she was the true poet of motion, who could portray every emotion with or gesture.” The Memphis Com- mercial Appeal on in t.thhts ry and the glory of her beloved art,” for “a great dancer inter- prets life as faithfully as a great drama- tist, a great novelist or a great actor.” With a tribute to “the breathless beauty of perfect grace,” the Richmond News Leader holds that “Pavlowa will always represent the genius of the dance,” and that “whenever the dance becomes body and spirit indissolubly blended, there and then is Pavlowa commemorated.” “Something very beautiful went out of the world when she passed way,” de- clares the Duluth Herald, recognizing that “her life was a gift of beauty to the world,” and that she’ “expressed the poetry of motion more marvelously than anybody in her generation, and perhaps in any other.” The Buffalo Evening News agrees that her work “doubtless would bear comparison with th: best attainments in her line that ever have been reached.” The Minneapolis Star remarks that “she was one who de- vot:d a lifetime to artistic perfection with a singleness of purpose that left little time for the usual vanities and stratagems of the popul:r idol.” Ao Quoting a French critic who said that she “does not dance, she soars,” the Atlanta Journal voices th: appreciation of her achievements: “And she carried the world soaring with her. A rose fluttering on a hilitop, a lark vanishing in song, a silvery cloud floating in the blue, these wer> her likenesses; and wherever she moved, hearts leaped up with reborn faith in nymphs and angels and ai beings all. The wonder of her technique was forgotten in_the sheer loveliness of its outflowing. Back of, her supreme mastery were marvels of patient and loving toil, no doubt, and mm{ a brave battle for visions of beauty; but when she danosd, we who watched saw only a perfect union of body and mind, and felt the perfect merging of sense and soul. The earth is fairer becaus: her feet have touched it, and heaven more real because she is mingled with its light. “She has danced her way down into states the New York g Post, “yet there remains in hearts the picture of her lovely presence, as it gave America its sense of a new art. Till she came amongst us, the dance had ben a thing stiff and armored. The classicism of the grand opera’s ballet and the puritanism of the comic opera’s chorus combined to take the soul from dancing. Paviowa gve it back. She made the dance as luid as sunshine uglt; moving waters. e our ought to read. So do that. All I am saying is that here you will see one of the ill effects of rant and incom- petent historical writing, as Mr. Chinard amplifies the fact. Rumor, hearsay, *! said,” and so on and so on, have let it pass since 1776, and before, that Thomas efTe drew his itic theories ht from the French eighteenth _century, itical phllolo‘ghy a ts and Pluu of governmen hostile to the spirit of the new America. 1t turns out that not one of these e: of the origin of Jefferson’s consulted a word of the writings of Jefferson as these are collected and open to study. Rumor for history bad actor. ‘Whea fact is a source of is again proved to be the pl She gave it life. gave it beauty. ‘This country will ever be under a debt of m;ngmld: to this great and exquisite “She danced her way into the litera- the capitals of Europe, on America the far-off islands where she danced and studied the native measures this gifted daughter of rhythm left ®her of hearsa; R the “orig: locumen! are safe @ply in the hands of the scholar, shriven'gompletely of If, or with the artistig d to dangergwhat can b Nlflflfl decisions? inal and | fairy image. ‘This darling of the aristo- crats’ is what they called her in that Russia which sent her away. So was she the darling of artists, painters, musicians, all who recognize and re- Joice in rare talents. She who moved through the world as a wind-blown “She was considired the world's greatest ballerina and the outstanding exponent of the Russian ballet,” says the Hartford Times, maintaining that “her death cannot erase memori's of one of the greatest luminaries of the dance world.” The Kalamazoo Gazette adds: “She had that rar: faculty which all artists seek to attain—the faculty of sensing the bsauty that was about her wherever she went and expressing it, idealizing it, in th: dance. Great poets, great composers and great paint- ers have works to leave behind them as monuments to their own greatness. A great danc:r leaves no material me- mentoes like these, yet it is safe to say that Pavilowa has already taken a place among the immortals.” “The. memory of her art, lik> the memory of an apt quotation or a gorgeous sunset, remains in the mind for years after the actual experience of it,” r2cords the Balti with the estimate ol : “There was about her an ethereal qual- ity that raised her above mere mortals. On: might s well speak of the death of a gust of wind, of a quatrain, of a bar of music. There have been other dancers whose personality or whose femininity stirred the emotions of their audiences, but not so Pavlowa. She never permitted her personality to dis- tort the impression of a series of deli- cate movements that seemed an integral part of the music and the settings be- fore which she danced. Grace, rather than emphasis, was the basis of her charm.” Under the title, “Memories of Pa: lowa,” the St. Louis Post-Dispatch says “Winged Mercury in joyous flesh touc! ing the earth with lilting toes to pre- vént flonting off on gossamer pinions. The furious velocity and blithe exhilara- tion of a bacchanal. An Autumn garden bathed in mellow afternoon gold, leaves sifting from the trees, the mad rush of the north wind and chrysanth:mum stripped of its petals, forsaken on frozen ground. The magic power of a finger stir. Shimmering white, buoying gently as Saint-Saens’ swan. Beauteous twirls of a weird, conical h-address from far- away Syria. The delicate comedy of Russian folk lore's enchanted bird princess; the plercing grace of Hindu Rhada, placing “fi:rlnn on a deity’s shoulders; sein! pedal roulad: fragrant with white lilacs of Chopin. ‘The _yellow poignancy of gypsy Amarilla’s unrequited adoration, dancing at her lover's betrothal fete. A faun’s quiet poise. The exquisite symmetry of Tschaikowsky's ‘Christmas’ and the whirling eddies of wind-driven snow- flakes to his ‘Nutcracker Suite. Ice- laden foliage and the downiest particls of the storm fluttering through the air to rest in tenderness on a stone. The gavotte dancer, all in gold, flitting to the music of the glowworm. Old Nippon’s exotic charm Infinitely lovely hands mars| a troop of puppet dolls. A carefree maid of ~-time hues winging her blossomed with fairy ease at last to enchanted realms.” Einstein, Take Notice. From the San Antorilo Express, More evidence of relativity: A man f-om tchewan suffers sunstroke wix'n h> migrates to Northern Indiana in January. A Question of Destination. Prom the Louisville Courier-Journal. Great Britain has abolished the speed limit on light motor cars, The sky's sift fruth—harmony, consisterigyy com- ess‘— sout flaw frem sub- | o the limit for some of our own flivver drivers—if that is where they go whem they leave here