Evening Star Newspaper, August 24, 1930, Page 27

{SHAW FOR HOUSE REFORM AS LABOR PARTY’S HOPE New Parliamentary System ‘Advocated, Disappointments Admitted and Russian PLANETS OF OTHER SUNS ARE BELIEVED HABITABLE Bficovery by Science That Natural Laws' Ruling Earth Govern Entire Universe First to Win America’s Cup Historic Craft Which Has Had Romantic Career Aseas Now Lies at Annapolis o *Y LAURENCE M. COCKADAY. HE formation or existence of by | spirals are not clouds of gas, but . He sald also that planets on which life might exist were even more rére, although there are millions of "The possibility of Nite, and all possibility of life, and especially Intelligent life, existing in other parts of the universe is one that has attracted r other creatures like man in earlier or later stages of development than ourselves, id, in replying to Comj s “no_tel , unfortunately, will us the planets of other suns. Our views on the subject must be based on what we find in our own system. Here (in our solar system) we have eight ts (now nine) ‘revolving around sun, and six of these have satellites inial . Does H Is Back of Suggestion. ‘The presence of individual stars in the outer whorls of the spiral nebulae is favorable to this theory. sci- entists, however, maintain that the are star clouds themselves, Common Origin Apparent. it would seem that the not tax ition. At sny rate, as far as our own solar | origin. The farthest planet from our own sun, which is only an average-sized star, is only one ten-thousandth part as far away as the nearest star. All of the known planets share with the sun its They | motion through interstellar s X all move as a whole, with offit? around Such ideas are only| j;c the two outer satellites of Jupiter and Saturn. & ‘Thus we can tions that may not reasonably be viewed a pure matter of chance. Sclence tendant worlds may not be the ordinary course of evolution for the single stars. Natural Laws Universal. “As for life on these worlds, we have in system one out of eight that is and Venus, should g Eifi ! g 8 5 i E i | £ i | e it i -4 LR g ' § i i § i g % a5 E § ;5 ;i i 2 H i & & ‘ i ] g | i o g ] (-3 H ES £ g g H 55 ;gfi i i sl i g { g i ; R H i i W : i | BY EMMET DOUGHERTY. T oA for' p um-mg race for the America’s Cup the origi- nal winner of that famous hy rides quietly at the dock of the United States Naval Academy, at An- napolis, Md., & proud relic of the skill of American shipbuilders of the first half the nineteenth century and & tribute to the courage and spo: - of the men who bullt her and sailed her against a fleet of yachts August 22, 1851. ‘The yacht America's New York to compete agains! £rom | {imes her ori THE YACHT AMERICA RUNNING ITS LAST RACE IN 1885. members of the Eastern Yacht Club to carry on to the naval officers of the future the glory that was hers and her crew's when she was the most brilliant star in the sporting world. This Spring an attempt was made to restore the famous yacht, so that she might take her place as a distin- the race b;tween an ‘Thomas Lipton's Shamrock V off New- port in September. But after being towed to the Norfolk Navy Yard it was found that the repairs needed to make her ready for her sails were extensive. They were estimated at $80,000, four ginal cost, and so, rej fully, she was returned to her place of honor at the Academy. Builders of America. Inspired by the fast pilot boats which had made the port of New York famous, an English merchant in the Autumn d | of 1850 suggested that one of the pilot preserved, but yellot ld pamphlets and magaszines of that day record in fact and fancy the triumph of the glorious yacht. Saw Civil War Service. ‘But not all of the America’s laurels cretion, it being unders ey is to be a strong sea-going | Tim boats be sent over in the Summer of 1851 to sall t the speedy English schooners in regattas that were to be a feature of the great industrial ex- position then being prepared. As & result of this suggestion, two of the founders of the New York Yacht Club, George L. Schuyler and John C. Stevens, decided to build a boat and send her over as the American cham- jon. Arrangements were made with H. Brown, New York's leading shipbutlder, for her construction. The for the America’s building “The yacht o be bullt tn the best mauner, coppered. gged, equipped joiner’s work, cabin and kitchen furni- ture, table furniture, water closets, etc., “The model, plan and rig of the vessel to be entirely at the builder’s dis- tood, however, that she vessel and rigged for ocean sailing. It is further stated that for the ves- tec | sel complete and ready for sea, $30,000 ready the posal of Hamilton i i Problem of Nationality Has Become Difficulty to Secretariat to League ENEVA—How far should League of Nations' officials be national B auestion that. caima. v a n cl two hc.amp in the fleld of politics, since the beginning of the one group of nations has held | n a diplomat or expert accepts | ition in the e secretariat he ly becomes an international of that institution and his| to look at and solve League' ler; from an international point . ‘The other side has felt that ember of the League secretariat itional representative, and that while an international solution to should, nevertheless, keep his country’s interests in mind. last vie it may seem the S0 far members of the secretariat have been understood to be there in the international sense, with due excep- tion being allowed that to & certain extent no one at heart ever loses his completely Thus it the nationalists to . ‘This they have es- than once, and the the committee for of the League sec- international labor office was the last scene of conflict. Mr. Scialoja, who was Italy's delegate to all important League functions un- til Signor Grandi began to °““3’ the Ttalian seat at the u-gue ouncil meetings, is & member of the above committee. As he was unable to at- all the countries than a council at the head of the secretariat on which every member of the League would be given an equal chance to sit? ians and the Germans have been the ones that always have held the na- tional point of view, ‘The paradox is explained if you look at the Prench reply to the Italian sug- gestion. Their argument was that as soon as a council was put at the head of the administration its members would be there in a national capacity, otherwise the council would lose its “all and equal representation’ inese admit it. reply, “isn't that just n't the League sup- an international institution to seek solutions to world problems, but at the same time the: sov- ereignity of its states-members? What is more logical than to have a council of administration on which every state has an equal chance of representation to: make decisions that are bound to affect the interests in one way or an- other of the member states of the League?” + Abllities Bases of Preference. ‘The French and the British, and, it must be admitted, the majority of the other states, point out that the indi- vidual heads of sections and other high officials are appointed because of their ability to fullfill their positions, either as expert or as a result of their inter- national work. They say that they are therefore well qualified to make deci- sions, many of which are of a technical nature. From the international side, they ask i isn’t more conscientious mh‘l- & question alone and on of A ans and Jaj “But,” they what we want? posed to be as_proposed ;r(’:tn ':.f u;d ab& point to the an house. There there is a m resident assisted by perhaps various ds of de its. Oul But the Ital-, "&llrnou. ‘The above is easy to see, and the Ital-, be there in the capacity of a|ians, Germ: he an | BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is & brief summary of the most important ‘news of the world for the seven days ended August 23: THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS.—Another daug been born to the Duchess of York, this at historic Glamis Castle of gloomy memory, seat of the duchess’ family of the Earls of Strathmore. of status to India and that its successor would be still less favorable to the pro- posal. “It is wiser and safer,” quoth he, “to be blunt and plain; it is wrong to encourage false hopes in the minds of the Indian political classes. . featism in high places is rapidly throw- | ing India into chaocs.” He character- ized Wedgewood Benn, secretary of state for India, as “a small man.” | Growing still warmer, he asserted that to exclude Sir John Simon from the | Round Tsble Conference “at the behest { of the disloyal Indian politicians is a | pre g at once abject and foolish, reflecting nothing but discredit on those responsible.” He expressed ap- prehension of much-admired confusion as the result of the Round Table Con- | ference. As to Egypt, one would almost | think the Labor government was “try- | Egypt as one are high. will pull together, the “wretched So- clalist party” will be ousted from the i “confidence will be re- . dustry will be stimulated by a tariff, agriculture will be aided by a guarantee. The dole will be purged of abuses and impos- ture,” etc., etc. |~ Mr. Churchill has American blood in his veins. He is in & phase of verbal eruption. He might do well to borrow | from some of our early masters of the art of political vituperation, which art flourished lushly with us ur to_the Civil War. A delicate example is John Randolph’s characterization of an ponent as “a rotien mackerel in moonlight.” I see that recently a great swell of the tribe of Vere de Vere re- ferred to somebody on the other side as a “foulmart,” but really, however ac- curate, that is crude. | ‘The R-100 arrived at Cardington Alrdrome on her return trip from Mont- real on August 16, having made the voyage in 57 hours and 5 minutes. It and | fourfold gain for us. » participating from 11 of the component parts of the | British Commonwealth of Nations; namely, , Scotland, Ireland, Wales, South Africa, Australla, New Zealand, Canada, Newfoundland (col- the Bermudas (colony) and Brit- was to be on the following con- ditions: That when the vessel was she was to be placed at the dis- ilkes, as umpire, wood, the applicable section of our new i follows: tured wholly or in part of convict labor or and) forced labor, or (and) inden- tured labor under penal sanctions shall not be entitled to u;h"‘yw:t”lny of the work or service which is extracted from any person under menace of any dm- alty for its non-performance and for which the worker does not offer him- nelf voluntarily.” Mining products constitute the more important part of our imports from Russia, of these Mangenese leading. Of late Russian manganese has bee! selling in this country at $26 a ton, as against $34 for the American product. Last year we imported from Russia about 29 per cent of our total mangan- ese consumption of about 800,000 tons, our other chief foreign sources being Brazil, India and East Africa. We began production of manganese during the war and have of late years been producing about 200,000 tons an- nually, I believe. It is not surprising that our infant industry should be per- turbed over the Russian underselling; some “dumping” do it call. Manganese is used chiefly in steel and iron manu- facture. * ok ok * LATIN AMERICA—Mr. George J. Eder, chief of the Latin American sec- tion of our Bureau of Foreign and Do- mestic Commerce, publishes an inter- esting report. It shows that over the years 1911-13 the United Kingdom fur- nished 28.3 per cent of the total imports into South America proper, as against only 14.4 for the United States. But in 1927 the percentage for the United Kingdom was only 10.7, as against 30.8 for the United States. During the next two years our gain in the comparison was much increased, but the report does not give the figures. Since last year our trade with South America has dxvfi:ed by about nfir eent.“t‘relm decline than that of Europe’s le with South America. Mr. Eder thinks that various adverse factors will continue to apply for some time ahead with par- tl'l."nuu force against American products. As to luxury products, this seems most probable, but Increase of imports from use of machinery appertaining to produc- tive enterprises does not seem improb- bie. “*The report_estimates the totals of British and United States investments all Latin America as very nearly re representing & of about 50 per cent since 1912, but a * * UNITED STATES—By_purchase of the New York, Rioc & Buenos e s T the al e the world. Its schedules call for a total of over & hundred thousand miles in weekly flights, and every country of Central and South America is in the routes. A complete loop is made of the E::wm of South America except that is & cut across between Santiago Buenos Aires. The assets trans- - | tions having Alres | he had who after making such trials as were satisfactory to him for the space of 20 days, should decide whether or not the new boat was faster than any ves- sel in the United States brought to compet? with her. Contract Is Signed. ‘This contract, signed by William H. | Sir | Brown, was composed and written by | ‘Those who agreed to| Mr. Schuyler. take shares in the vessel were George L. Schuyler, Commodore John C. Stevens, Edwin A. Stevens, Col. James A. Hamilton, J. Beekman Finley and Hamilton Wilkes. ‘To George Steers, designer of lay- | ing the lines of and constructing the America, Work did not progress on the America as rapidly as the builders and owners expected, and the boat was not ready for trial on the date set, April 1. It was not launched until May 3. On May 24 Mr. Schuyler wrote Brown that as so much time time had been spent in completing the yacht that he feared if delayed much longer for further trials the time for sending her to England would pass. He offered for the vessel without further trials $20,000 cash, fin- ished as stated in the contract, equipped and ready for sea, to be delieved on or before June 2, 1851, ‘The trials of the America were -gfl‘rx: i Commodore Stevens’ fast slop, Maria, which in smooth water, near Sandy Hook, outsailed the new craft Her owners were not discouraged, for she outsailed other craft as readily as the Maria outsalled her, while the Maria was good only in smooth water. Specifications of America. Much interest was aroused by the buliding of the America, and the New York sporting p.m ‘The Spirit of the s, * “She ': 95 feet from stern to stern, 80 feet keel, 23 feet amidships, and her measurement is 180 tons. She draws 11 feet of water in sailing trim. Her spars are, respectively, 7912 and 81 feet long, with 27 inches rake to the foot; her main-gaff is 26 feet long, her main- two Lockheeds, and two smaller planes for official inspections; also sundry terminals, radio stations and landing 1ds. Thus European air enterprises in South America are distanced. Pan- American Airways carried 30,000 passen- gers In 1929 without a fatality, and the Boeing System has reported 10,000,000 miles of flying without a death. A serious in Federal revenue receipts within 50-day period July 1-August 19 is reported. Customs re- ceipts totaled only $45,000,000, as against an expected $85,000,000. The sharp de- cline in import of raw materials is, of course, largely explanative, The definite official trials to deter- mine the defender of the America’s Cup began off Newport on August 20, 15 miles to leeward and back. The Enter- rise raced the Weetamoe and beat her 1 minute and 6 seconds. The Yankee raced the Whirlwind and led her by 1 minute and 35 seconds at the turn. Shortly after she turned for home, the ‘Whirlwind mainsail split and she was out of it. At the start there was only a light breeze, but it stiffened to 1612 knots. The Yankee covered the course in faster time by 26 seconds than that of the Enterprise, but this may be ac- counted for by the fact that she started 15 seconds later, so getting longer bene- fit from the freshening of the breeze. Secretary of the Navy Charles Francis Adams was at the Yankee's helm, Har- old 8. Vanderbilt at the Enterprise's, 8. Nichols at the Weetamoe's, while Landon K. Thorne and Paul Hammon alternated at the Whirlwind’s. On the 2lst, Enterprise was again pitted against Weetamoe, and Yankee against Whirlwind; triangular course of 30 miles off Newport, reach, beat and reach; h winds (maximum of 265 knots) and wicked seas. All four yachts stood up magnificently. Both Yankee's time (2 hours 47 minutes and 59 seconds) and Enterprise’s (slower by 1 minute and 21 seconds) beat the best time recorded for an America’'s Cup yacht over a triangular course 10 miles to the leg. The Yankee, of course, was in her element. It is interesting to note that the designer of the Enter- is W. Starling Burgess, son of Edward Burgess, designer of the cup defenders Puritan, Mayflower and Vol- unteer. u:lg;ent weather prevented racing on ‘The President has appointed Henry P. Fletcher to be chairman of the new ‘Tariff Commission. In making the an- nouncement the President atten- tion to 20 years' experience of the Government, “during time he handled economic and tariff matters, As Undersecretary of State of the economic charge work of Department of State, and his diplomatic career has entailed care- ful a of economic, trade and financial problems in connection with the United States in all parts of the world.” Moreover, the major part of the work of the Pan-American confer- ences, at which he so long rej ted the United States, has been nomic lines, many of their r been at Mr. stigation. Mr. Fletcher was born in vania in 1873; graduated from o o, S e b sall, ore gal feet long; len Py usual in most of the sharpest bowed craft of similar description. “Her sides were planked with white | oak 3 inches thick, the deck with yel- treaks l(;vl ine 215 lncl‘!u thick, three sf of clamps are of yellow pine 3 inches thick, the deck bears are also of yellow pine all the comb are of the finest description of ogany; the rails, which are com; of white oak, are 14 inches high, 6 inches wide and 13 inches thick. She is copper-fastened throughout and copper-sheathed from keel to 6 inches above the water line, making 11% feet in all. Her sides are painted a uniform lead color and her inside pure white. There is an open gangway extending the whole length from the extreme points of the after and fore cabins. Full-Fitted Cabin. “The fore cabin is a spacious and elegantly fitted up apartment, 21 feet by 18 feet clear, on each side of which are six neat lockers and china rooms; it contains six commodious berths. Ad- Jjoining the cabin are two large state- rooms, each 8 feet square, with ward- robes and water closets attached; be- tween them and_the fore cabin are two other staterooms, joining which are a wash room and pantry, each 8 feet. The fore cabin is ventilated by a circular skylight about 12 feet in cir- cumference and it contains 15 berths. Directly under the cockpit, which is 30 feet In circumference, and which forms the entrance to the after cabin, there (Continued on Fourth Page.) Course Held Impossible for Britain. The following article is a condensa- tion of a two-hour address made by George Bernard Shaw to the Inde- pendent Labor Party Summer School nll:nld)(ymtll Park, near Welwyn, Eng- ONDON.—“I can how I would feel alive at 75 years year 330 AD.—an just as I am now an ol it peror tion—a thing that would ha wildly impossible when I was I should have said to 3 possible has happened; here is Christ triumphant. does mot seem to have made any particular dif- ference. I should have seen little dif- ference between Constantine and Dio- cletian and much less between Jupiter and Christ than I have led the Romans I should conclude, like a the more change the more it is the same e. n""]‘:unrmllt.hnum.vnn!w ing to me and saying, ‘What difference has it made? What am I better off? How mmflot the m%e.rtul o -} sald w happen have happened’ And I would bepneb“led to reply that they haven’t happened. Conservative “Folly” Recalied. «, . . I will now deal with Mr. Baldwin and the Conservatives, owing to whose prudence and intelligence the Labor m:.e"rnmmmz is in office. But the Conserval 'y ed on to act with prudence and intelli- e who. chs Bl r type of pel W] them like & pack of boys. Mr. Baldwin, with all his virtues, is too amiable to party that Mr. for his tenure of office. business to keep him in because of the Indian situation—no prime minister can get out of that great difficulty without unpleasantness and discredit—and be- cause of the unemployment situation. Er:ry intelligent Conservative knows t he is no more able to solve un- employment than Mr. MacDonald is and consequently the Conservatives do not want to get in. “At the last election the Conservative window-dressing was bad and the Labor window-dressing was not at all bad. A very great deal was D to the proletariat, but what was promised has not happened. If Mr. faces an electorate in a state of disappoint- ment on issues chosen by the Conserv- ative party without the of something different happening if he is returned the satisfactory for the Labor party. Reform Bill Advocated. “What can be done to get over this disappointment and disillusion? The necessitates they have to work is purpose. But that purpose is to prevent anything being done at all. The par- llamentary machine has been perfected 80 as to make it impossible for anything to be done except police work, leaving the capitalists y free from inter- ference and leaving the livelihood of the : | same served in Roosevelt’s Rough Riders and later as a first lieutenant in the Philip- pines; entered the foreign service in 1902, serving in minor capacities at Havana, Lisbon and Peking; in 1909, Ambassador to Chile; in 1916 Ambassa- dor to Mexico; in 1921 Undersecretary of State; in 1922 Ambassador to Bel- glum; in 1924 Ambassador to Italy, which post he resigned in 1929. ‘The appointment is of pecullar im- portance. ‘The other members of the new Tariff Commission are to be desig- nated by September 16, when the pres- ent comm| n lapses. * kK A MYSTERY RESOLVED.-—A mys- tery which had much exercised mai d has been cleared up with the recent discovery on ‘Hvitvoen (White Island or Glles Land), between Spitzbergen and Fridtjof Nansen Land, of the frozen and consequently well preserved bodles of Andree, the Swedish explorer, and his two companions, who in 1897 set off' from Spitzbergen in a balloon for the North Pole; the first attempt of its kind. With the bodies were found Andree’s diary, his sclentific instruments, his boat and sledge and sundry parapher- ;ulh. No traces were found of the bal- loon. Andree was a great forerunner. was a gallant trio. * Kk ok % NOTES.—Recent developments point strongly toward a fate in the near fu- ture for the French Radical Socialist party closely resembling that of the British Liberal party. A royal decree has reduced the period of compulsory military training in Spain from two years to one. Harking back to imperial days Italy is going in again for swimming pools. Milan has just constructed several, Turin is building one, Rome talks of five, but where to install them where zue’h 80 precious? Yet it must not sal d that the Duce cannot do as|tg) much as Diocletian or Caracalla for the glory of hygeia. Conversations looking to a naval ac- cord between France and Italy have been resumed. ‘The Soviet Arctic expedition has left a set of radio operators and the tech- niclans at Pridtjof Nansen Land to re- lieve the old staff at the world's most northerly radio station. A French archaeological expedition has discovered what might be called the oldest dictionary in the world (on tab- lets of baked Heapouns, a coast town near Latakia, Syris, a) tly da back Toust o Pallennium and s heit ecommenda- Fletcher's in- the The average Englishman always gets wildly excited about any reform 'hfl.l and he make bets and on it so long as he feels it make no difference to him. “We must get rid of the system alto- gether. It is an impossible thing work. We stick to the system sim| because it is useful in preventing thing ing done. The system has real effect im local government, which is done through committees. Home Rule Called Need. “If Socialism is to be operative there must be home rule for England, Scot- land and Wales. Parliament will survi: as a body to deal with the big of mrelfn policy, currency and finance, which few people have any notion of, and those people are not in the House of Common and have little chance of :efiunz there. by bringing in a big reform bill and getting defeated on it and mlmtmmennmgnm- ment explain away the disappointment it has caused and rally in the about the ease and economy of the nationalization of the mines was ruled out as ‘old Fabian junk,’ and he was told he was an old fc foggy shibboleths of 80s. Nationalized Banks Urged. “. . . Now, comi to_ the jake you | the can only be depend- | chine ESE : Etfiéh ‘ § ik £ result urlll!.wtbe.“ state would maintain private property mi val - land and capital and see that eon- I 2 $ i £ «/Germany’s Foreign Office Expenses . Highest in World, Reichstag Is Told i g af session that many spends far too much for her diplomacy. ‘The baron offered figures to that, although the republic is officially impoverished, her foreign service i the most expensive in the world. The figures brought a series of re- torts from mvamment circles. The re- plies said that the baron had failed to ke bookkeeping methods into consid- eration and thus had made it lgrr that the Reich was shovel out funds for its foreign relations abandon. In his ary Dike Aids Access, but Mars Beauty of Abbey B ; | ¥ i £ gig ik { {%5 5 ii 555 : : ¢ i “EE i £ L3 i o ] e il } i i i {3 i E i