Evening Star Newspaper, July 8, 1930, Page 6

A—8 4 HE EVENING STAR, WASHI TON, D. C, TUESDAY, JULY 8, 1930 fl-HE EVENI G STAR that Itallans may become self-support- With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY..........July 8, 1930 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor R R SR o AR The Evening Star Newspa, 11n 8 SR Benbsive and Pennsy New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8¢. icago Office: Lake Michigan Building. uropean OH(QEH Regent 8t.. London. ng per Company Rate by Carrier Within Star............ 45¢rer month and Sunday Star undavs) & 60c per month and Sunday Star nday: & 65 per month ... .5¢ rer copy the City. . |to celebrate Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ally and_Sun 17¥r.810.00: 1 mi iy only junday only 0., 88¢ 13yr.. $6.00: 1 mo.. S0¢ 1yt $4.00: 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. {ly and Sunday..1yr.$13.00: 1 mo. $1.00 iy only vr. $8.00: 1mo. 35¢ undey only 1 1 36:00: 1mo. S0c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled %o the use for republication of ews Gis- atches credited to 1se cred- ted in this paper 1 1ews Published herein. All rights of publication of #pecial dispatchés heein are also reserved -_— “Or Even Nine Million Dollars.” In the light of the statement made before the House by Representative Cramton last Thursday, immediately foilowing the adoption of a resolution for the appointment of a Committee of Beven to consider the District-Federal fiscal relations, it is to be wondered ‘why the House took the trouble to refer the question of the equity of the $9,- 000,000 Jump sum to such an inquiry, 4t “the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth” is the objective. For the Michigan Representative, the originator of the lump-sum plan as former chairman of the District appro- priation subcommittee, declared in plain terms, to the accompaniment of plau- dits from members, that the increase ©f half a million resulting from the com- promise with the Senate was “a contri- bution for which no necessity what- ever has been shown,” that it was “sim- ply an addition to the surplus in the District treasury,” that there was “no logic back of it,” that it was “not a prec- edent,” and finally that it did not mean that “in the future the House will agree to $9,500,000, or even to $9,000,000 as the contribution of the Federal Gov- ernment.” ‘The most significant phrase of this statement by the former chairman of District propriations is “or even $9,000,000." Coupled with the action of the House in adopting the resolution for the appointment of a Committee of Seven, it may have a sinister meaning. It may be—it may have been intended as—a cue to the committee to find that the nine-million lump sum is too large. If the House wanted a full, fair in- quiry into the fiscal relations of the District and the Federal Government, without prejudice and without regard for the precedents set in its own per- sistent ignoring of the substantive law, all it had to do was to agree to the Moore resolution, providing for a joint committee to investigate and to report to both Houses in season for next year's appropriation. It refused, however, to adopt such an expedient. It ylelded with bad grace to the insistence of the Senate for a slight increase in the lump- sum, and then, too late for any cor- responding action by the Senate, it put through a plan for a House Committee ©f Inguiry. Was this action, accompanied as it was by the remarks of the former Dis- trict Appropriations chairman, a step in the underwriting of the House on the score of District funds? Can it be possible that the plan is to have this Committee of Seven bring in a report based upon Mr. Cramton's brief speech, with “or even to $9,000,000" as its key- note, recommending a reduction in the Jump sum for the 1932 bill? With such 8 report, regardless of history, law and facts, the House appropriations com- mittee as guardians of the Federal *Treasury could proceed to write a Dis- trict bill in terms of drastic economies in Federal funds, and defy the Senate 0 add 2 penny to the lump sum, point- ing to the “inquiry” as julflflcntlnn; So it is that much depends upon the personnel of the Committee of Seven. —— Political economists who say that war 48 inevitable are met by arguments that the frank and universal intelligent de- mand for peace is eventually certain to succeed. Ttaly Under Mussolini. In The Sunday Star of yesterday ‘were published two arresting statements | by distinguished Italians, giving the pro and con of their country's life and times under Mussolini. Signor Fran- cesco Nitti, a famous premier of the old regime, asserts that Fascism has disorganized Italy’s entire economic existence and suppressed the normal elements of national development like Parliament and untrammeled public opinion. . Chesk by jow! with that lamentation 48 the declaration of Count Volpl, former minister of finance and well remembered at Washington as head of the Italian War Debt Mission. Count Volpi subscribes to the theory that Fascism, far from being a blight, has been a boon to Italy, keeping her from submerging into Bolshevism and con- verting her into a great power. The Nitti-Volpi debate on the value ©f Benito Mussolini’s reign is character- istic of what eminent foreign observers have gleaned in Italy during the entire eight years of Black Shirt domination &t Rome. On one side of the Corso can be encountered patriotic Italians who glorify Il Duce to the skies. Across the street may be met Italians who, pro- vided no carabinieri is within hearing distance, will speak their hearts out sbout Mussolini in accents of burning condemnation. ‘The Nitti-Volpi symposium in the American pres§ synchronizes with a econtribution just made by Mussolini himself, in the shape of an interview ®ith a correspondent of the Philadelphia Redger. Il Duce strikes “peace” as the keynote of his dictatorial policy. “I intend to remain at my post until my task is fulfilled, and, if necessary, until my last breat! thunders the czar of all the Pascists in a characteristic epitome of his purpose. That purpose Mussolini defines as a comprehensive, | Jong-range program to develop Italy’s internal resources and possibilities to | the nth degree. He stresses the cultiva- | tion of the land, in particular, as an ..chunhambmruu-,hm . Selves in impregnable power are open | send to the Senate certain confidential ing and grow the food requisite for the sustenance of the increasing population. The expansion of Italian industry, to the same end, is another Mussolin ideal. To attain his goals, I Duce tells the world that Italy’s paramount need is peace. He denies aggressive designs. He contends that while peace is “abso- lutely essential,” the geographical posi- tion of Italy “makes it necessary that she should be prepared to defend the country against such potential enemies as exist East and West.” Mussolinl presents an undoubtedly | strong case for Fascism, which is about its eighth anniversary. Some of the methods by which the Black Shirts have intrenched them- to grave question. But if the proof of the pudding is the eating, Musso- lini's regeneration of Italy since 1922 is bound to loom in future as an amaz- ing achievement. Perhaps, in the calmer light of historical perspective, it will be reflected as an era made ‘great by at least no more indefensible meth- ods than the Roman Emperors in- voked when the Eternal City was the hub of the universe. Striking evidence of the Fascist peace policy is supplied by the reply | the Italian government has just ad- dressed to France on M. Briand's scheme for a United States of Europe. Ttaly stresces disarmament as “the fundamental point of departure” for any project looking to European feder- ation on the basis of common security and “moral cohesion.” o Ratify the Treaty. The treaty fight is on in the Senate. Unexpectedly fifty-eight Senators turned up yesterday to hear President Hoover's plea for ratification of the London naval pact. Doubtless this was dis- appointing to the opposition, who would have rejoiced had the proponents failed -to muster a quorum. On the other hand, thirty-eight Senators were absent, a far too large number of ab- sentees when the Senate has been called to act upon a treaty of great importance. Some of these absentees, it is reported, are soon to return to Washington and take up their duties in the Senate cham- ber. Those who for personal reasons de- cline to attend the Senate session place themselves in an unenviable position which it will be difficult to explain in the future. President Hoover's message to the Senate urging prompt ratification of the naval treaty quite clearly states the situation. The message made it plain that the defense needs of the United States are amply cared for by the terms of the treaty. That is one claim which the opponents of the treaty have not been able to disprove, nor will they be able to do so, if the figures presented by the President and by the other supporters of the pact are cor- rect. Having demonstrated that the national defense needs have been taken care of, Mr. Hoover in his message calls attention to the fact that a re- jection of the treaty would be a blow to world peace And that it would throw the naval powers back to the old situa- tion where competitiye building was the order of the day. Such competitive ‘bullding would entail a vast expenditure of money, if the United States partici- pated in the building race. If the United States falled to participate i competitive building, then it would have an inferior fleet. If past history is any gauge of the probable course of Congress in the future, the Ameri- can Navy would be allowed to lag be- hind both Great Britain and Japan in the matter of new construction. Mr, Hoover did not mince matters when he discussed the opposition to this treaty. He charged it with spread- ing misinformation broadly and with misrepresenting the treaty. And fur- ther he charged that the opponents for the most part are “those who in reality are opposed to all limitation and reduction in naval arms.” And now the opposition in its figst move in the Senate is seeking to draw a red herring across the trail. It de- mands, forsooth, that the President cables between the Government here and the American Ambassador, Gen. Dawes, in London, and other data bear- ing on the negotlations for the treaty, which the President declined to give to the members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The opponents have been offered the opportunity of reading all these documents, if they will treat them as confidential. But this, in the language of Senator Hiram Johnson, the opponents scorn. They have been assured that every fact of any moment regarding the negotiation of the treaty is known not only to them- selves but to the whole American people through the press, and that in the end the treaty speaks for itself, with no secret understanding in the background. But this is not enough. It is surely enough for the American people to make them understand that the object of the demand for these confidential cables is only an effort to avoid the real issue, which is the ratification of the treaty. President Hoover declares in his mes- | sage that “it is important for many | reasons that it (the treaty) should be | dealt with at once.” The subject, he points out, has been under discussion since the Geneva conference three years ago and the lines of the pending treaty have been known and under discussion since last Summer. The actual docu- | ment has been before the American people and the Senate for nearly three months. Yet the opposition still craves delay. The reason is obylous. ————————— Criminals are notoriously vain. Some of them would rather be captured even- tually than be permanently omitted from the news fllustrations. —————— Mr. Hand and the Open Door. Long ago, in the youth of the pres- ent elder generation, an amusing story was printed in St. Nicholas, that be- loved galaxy of instruction and enter- tainment of numerous decades, a story that doubtless stimulated many & ju- venile reader to distrust the presumptive and to recognition of the obvious. The tale was that of a venerable philosopher who incurred the displeasure of his monarch and was confined in a cell in puhishment for his sagacity—or per- | | | haps for his frankness. The cell was not & dungeon but a pleasant room with & window looking out upon a fleld. Day after day the sage languished in this confinement, bewailing his misfor- tune. At.last one bright sunny morn- ing a yokel lad came along and looked through the open window and chatted with the wise mad, who admitted his misery. “Are you a prisoner?” asked the lad. “I am,” moaned the philos- opher. “Why don't you escape?” “Be- cause the door is locked,” answered the wise man. “Yes, the door may be locked,” said the youth, “but the win- dow opens outward and the window opens wide.” Whereupon, it is related, the solon gathered his cloak about his | bod: knees, stepped over the casement and fled, and so far as known was never seen again. This little anecdote has its modern version in a fashion in the experience of Mr. Willlam Hand, the snapper-up of unconsidered trifies, who a few months ago was taken in the tolls of the law in Washington, made his way back to liberty by the simplest of means and has now been recaptured in Chi- cago. He frankly tells his story as to his Washington experience. He says: I woke up in a Washington jail—it was only a district police station cell— about 5 o'clock in_ the morning. looked at the door. It was open. Well, what would you do in a case like that? 1 simply walked out. Was there a yokel Iad outside to call Mr. Hand's attention to the open door as the youth of the St. Nicholas tale pointed out the open window to the philosopher? That is really, after all, the most important thing for Washing- ton about the case of the agile, sagacious and enterprising Mr. Hand. It may not matter much to him, but it matters a good deal to the District, and it is to be hoped that before he goes on his long journey of seclusion for his numer- ous peccadilloes the mystery of the open door will be solved. ———— Having been convinced by Mussolini that Italy can dominate all her neigh- bors, many thoughtful Italians take the liberty of pausing to wonder why any- thing of the kind should be undertaken when Italy has so much business of her own to attend to. —ves China continues to carry on a war which calls for tribute to different fac- tions. It is difficult to ascertain who is a decisive victor, because there is no way of getting the expert accountants together to compare notes. ————. A fish has no intelligence. Other- wise it might gather an astonishing amount of wisdom from the remarks of surrounding personages on a week end holiday. ] Airplane records continue to be made and challenged by new fiyers. Lind- bergh's flight remains unique. Even Lindbergh himself does not attempt to surpass it. ————— Climate may be evaded in Summer. Adjournment is more generous than In- auguration day, when everybody is com- pelled to stand by, regardless of the weather. ] SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Noise Hunger. “We're getting rather too much noise,” ‘The scientists explain, “It isn’t good for girls and boys, Since it fatigues the brain.” But when against promiscuous sounds At night they close the door, ‘The family will make the rounds With glee, in quest of more. The motor horn, the whiz intense Of airships in the sky; The copper who with voice immense Yells at the passer-by— Combine in a tremendous way ‘To make a startling roar. There's too much noise, the wise ones say, And yet we're seeking more! A Happy Holiday. “Did the Fourth of July make you nervous?” “On the contrary,” answered Senator Sorghum, *of all holidays it's the one I most enjoy. It enables me to feel that my oratory is on firm ground. Nobody is going to object to a eulogy of George Washington or an indorsement of the policies announced in the Declaration of Independence.” \ Jud Tunkins says & stock market flurry shows that the country’s so pros- perous that a whole lot of people have the spare change to do a little gambling. The Literary Statesman. The statesman likes to write for gold A serous editorial, He's luckier than the scribe s0 bold With genius reportorial, His wisdom he may place in print To make mankind his creditor, With never a sarcastic hint From some harsh city editor. Not Working Selectively, “Alcohol is poisoning a great people.” “Undoubtedly,” answered Uncle Bill Bottletop. “But it doesn't seem to work selectively. The worse the ecitizen, the worse the alcohol he seems able to id Hi Ho, the sage of one who makes the best guess as to what new idea will next appeal to the fancy of the throng.” Ciaim to Fame. The Congresuman must go his way, And candidly he will confess His greatest claim to fame today Is still “Unfinished Business.” “I lkes a mul sald Uncle Eben, “even when he quits work. He don't stand around an’ try to make an argu- ment foh general unpleasantness,” —————. Opportunity for North Star, From the Boston Evening Transcript. Now that the Southern Cross has vis- ited Newfoundland, perhaps some avia tor will set forth in a North Star to fiy to New Zealand. - Bathing Beach Girl Improving From the Springfield, Mass., Union. A writer says that the bathing beach girl of today is quite different from what she was six years ago. One we saw recently has gained at least 50! pounds, T Attorney Fees Serve as “Check” From the Hamilton, Ontario, Spectator. One of thé reasons you can't put a million dollars in {118 that by the time all the appeals have been heard the legal gentlemen have most of the million. Iceland Not Always Freezing From the Omahs World-Herald. Program of the mi shows that know hot old time in d one. happin & full demonstration m’n THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ‘The inexhaustible numbers of people who go to make up the population of great city are comprehended rather bet- ter by the street-car rider than by any- y else. The automobilist has enough to do to| avoid running over the populace to spend much time in contemplation of abstractions. The pedestrian has more than enough to do to keep himself from being run over to spend many of his walking mo- ments musing about the hordes. It is the street-car passenger alone who is in a position to note the vast numbers of human beings who flow out of apartment hou around corners, through the streets, along the sidewalks. He knows that the phenomenon is not new, that it is literally as old as the | hills, but every morning it impresses him anew with the immense vitality of Auman life. Visions of ancient Rome, Antioch, Alexandria, float before his eyes. The| dress and appearance of their citizens must have been amazingly different, their thoroughfares and buildings even| more, but in the main they must have presented similar scenes. ‘The crowding, some say herding, of people into cities is one of the eternal proofs of the gregariousness of hu- manity. Man is no solitary animal, no lone wolf, but runs in his packs, or cities, | towns, villages. Wherever one and one get together, among men, they will form a town. The variety that results is as- tounding, considering that the under- lying idea is the same, whether in Paris, France, or Cross Roads, Wis. * ok ok ok ‘The Washingtonian who observes his cltg while it grows wonders why the public vehicles should remain so crowded, since s0 many tens of thou- #ands of persons transport themselves personally to work and home again every day. Surely the public transit lines, even as augmented by busses, would break down under the impact or avalanche of human beings, if it were not for the large number of private cars which fill the streets. One need not consider & hypothetical Rome, which he has never seen, but has before him the wide panorama of an actual, living city, for a city is a living organism, after all, with every- thing in it devoted to the needs of ‘human beings, The street car rider observes the beneficent result of trafic lights, and realizes their importance in the modern city. Until some one shall show a bet- ter method of traffic control, the lights will increase in number, despite the protests of those who resent the mo- mentary waits at corners. It is only human to growl a bit, when one is held up for half a minute, or however long it is the lights remain in the wrong color. ' Sometimes it seems, especially to mo- torists and to bus passengers, that one “hits” the lights wrong at every block. Then, again, on the next trip, one “hits” them right, passing on block after block with almost no stoppage. Surely modern Washington traffic would be impossible without the lights. ok ok And still around the corners they come, thousands upon thousands of men and women, boys and girls, all between the hours of 8 and 9 o'clock in the morning. Tomorrow morning they will all be there again, but the passing observer will not be able to recognize a one of them, or at most not more than one or two. In time, if he is fairly punc- tual in his habits, he may come to know a few faces. Maybe an old man a | tended indifference to others. Of course, and a young girl. But neither knows him. Al suffer from cityitis, which is & mental complaint based on a pre- no human being can really be insensi- ble to another human being, but it is the easiest thing in the world to make one's self believe that he can. So this is the city! It is Rome all over again, although now the movie theater has taken the place of the amphitheater, a vast change for the better, no matter what the faults of the films may be. The people who fill these modern equivalents of the ancient circus are better people, too, as a group. They are, indeed, more civilized, which means cityized. The motions of their minds are not so cruel, although they will laugh when the crook in the pic- ture says, “Why, he didn't hurt her— he only cut her throat!” ‘The street car observer finds it diffi- cult to distinguish between the mobs which he sees and the individuals who go to make up these crowds of people who stand perilously between thin white lines in the street, trusting to law observance to keep themselves from get- ting run over. He_knows the impossibility of know- ing fhese human beings as individuals, and yet he cannot keep himself from wishing he could so know them. Out of these thousands, these tens of thou- sands, no doubt he would find some whom he really liked. No trip is taken without his seeing at least- one man or woman whose friendly eyes betoken in- teres| it “If ‘your eyes show me that you lke me, why should we not know edch other?” asked Walt Whitman. But Walt was an original, as they say; and even he could not around speaking to every one he met. The convention- alitles of city life prevent it, and prob- ably it is just as well that they do. | LI ‘There is likely to be a large revolu- tion in the life of the average person im regard to his personal acceptance of city life, or his rejection of it. Just when this comes will depend upon the indi- vidual. Some people never find it, but are forever strangers in their own citles. Some persons_arrive at this state of mind early. Who has not seen some typlcal city urchin who at a tender age was- a8 much at home as the biggest man of the town? cquaintance with streets, buildings, theaters, hotels, has much to do with it, but behind all must lie the personal ac- ceptance of the individual mind, before a man comes to 1f and grows to feel entirely at home in the city. ‘The world of opinion will be forever divided, apparently, 6n the question as to whether man was intended for soli- tary or group living. There is much to be said on each side, and the argument will be won first by one advocate and then by the other, depending upon his al reactions to life as he The small town man will remain a small town man in the largest city in the world, so long as he keeps his be- llefs and hankerings for the same type of treatment and living conditions. En- vironment changes habits rather than dispositions, but there is no gainsaying that the tone of a great city, if one may put it that way, is less kindly than that of a smaller place. Only those men and women are en- abled to feel at home in a big city who are able to forget the differences from a small town, or who genulnely prefer them, especlally in regard to the ability to live one's life free from the inter- ferences of others, ‘There is a gain one way and a loss another, but in the main city life is| very much like life anywhere else; he | is the gainer who is able to accept it 88 1t is and make the best of it. Then he will find, whether he rides street | cars, busses or his own car, that he is | the master of his own city. Ending rOccupation of Rhine Makes World More Hopeful Europe is expected by Americans tp find _satisfaction in the departure of the French troops from the Rhineland area, bringing to an end the occupation which, under the World War treaty, might have continued for several more years. ‘Tributes are paid to the re- straint that has been exhibited on both sides and it is belleved that this latest event will aid advancement in European rmony. Calling it “a historic event,” the Syra- cuse Herald declares that “whether we consider France's mihu? grip on the Rhineland as an actual danger, or only as a source of international friction, we must hail its cessation as a develop- ment of cheering portent to the cause of peace security. In the light of that overshadowing assurance, we need- not attach more than a fugitive significance either to German jubilation or to scat- tered evidences of French misgivings. The fact of supreme importance is that a potentially mischievous influence in the relations of the two most powertul nations of the European continent has been obliterated.” ‘That evacuation of the Rhineland “is a great mf forward in placing Germany again on an_equal footing among the nations of Europe” is the bellef of the St. Louls Post-Dispatch, which says as to its importance: “It follows closely upon return to Germany of control over the Reichsbank and the German railroads, of disbandment of the Reparations Commission and fix- ing of indemnities on a sound basis by the Young plan. With budgetary re- form, it is hoped the Reich will be able to meet its S‘m"m regularly. Efforts for a solid understanding = between France and Germany now have a good chance of success, and Europe is that much nearer a state of peaceful stability.” * o ok ok “The whole situation, even when it was best handled,” according to the Chicago Daily Tribune, “was full of dangers to the future peace of Europe. If the position of the two countriés to each other in relation to population, and thus in relation to future military strength, had been reversed, there would have been dangers. They were aggra- vated by the fact that the larger country was occupled by the forces of the smaller. With the occupation ended, another period of recovery is begun. The war in its broadest sense is not over yet. Its settlements have not been made. The psychology of its after- effects has not been determined or re- vealed. When Germany no longer is supporting French troops, expectations with which Europe may look to the future should be better defined.” “With the exception of the Saar coal district, placed under allied exploitation for the specific purpose of making good the avoidable wrecking of coal mines on the other side of the border,” states the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, “the Reich becomes sovereign over all the territory within its present borders. The benefits to the nations on the other side are less obvious but equally valid. They gain liberation from certain disadvan- tages, For one thing, they escape the need to maintain an irritating display of flags and arms on alien territory. They gain the hope of establishing those cordlal relations with their former opponent which should have an eco- nomic value far beyond the mere possession, still more beyond the simple occupation of territory. The withdrawal of troops liberates these nations from a temptation. So long as those troops remained, there continued a risk that their presence would promote some effort at political action.” “The German people of the occupied territory had no experience upon which to base reproach of any kind upon the French soldiery,” asserts the Charlotte Observer, pointing out that the signing by Germany of the reparations agree. ment “brought freedom from the hated occupation some time in advance of the date fixed by the Versailles treaty,” but that “Germany’s ess was given departu: f the Prench e" ’Niowixh': ire of ench _troops, by ringing of church bells, cvl:)!lnl of schools, the waving of flags and the | booming of artillery.” ok ok ok Significance in the event is seen by the San Francisco Call-Bulletin, with the statement: “The French kept their colors furled, their bands silent, and Gen. Guillamat gave the Germans a farewell message, thanking them for their courtesy and co-operation. * * * You wonder what Clemenceau and Foch would say to all these pleasantries, were they alive. Each one declared that the evacuation of German territory would be ‘a crime against the French fatherland.” ‘Tardieu, with one eye on Mussolini, thinks the occupation of German _territory would be a much bigger crime. He prefers a friend at his back, instead of a foe, if need arises.” “In the celebration of their freedom,” observes the Topeka Daily Capital, “the Germans seem to have shown & general loyalty to the republic, and to have, for all practical purposes, forgotten the Hohenzollerns and their dynasty. The NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM L G M. GEORGE EASTMAN. Carl W. Acker- man. Introduction by Edwin R. A. Seligman, LL. D, Ph. D. Illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Co. The great bard's “seven ages” even yet serve certain uses. Primarily, the inspired summary is of use to poet and preacher, to pedant and pe e to the physiologist once in a while, to her now and then. Nevertheless, in this concentrate day the even,” have merged to three, for any considerable accounting of man adequate to the role set for him in modern life. And even so material- ly reduced as this, it is only the ex- ceptional one who makes the steep grade and rounds the full limit. Worker, possessor, distributor. Such the pro;r';m. the utmost program of the day. first gathers up the great majority. The host of workers—hand workers and brain workers—running from the wage man to him who com- mands huge rewards. Countless numbe: of these never reach the second stage of this progression, never do become possessors out of their hand-to-mouth existence. Those who do still go ventur- ing, chiefly in their own personal in- terest, along the ways of larger gains, of greater fortunes. By the time the third member of the group is reached only a small comp: 1s found, a rela- stance for the future of others for the general benefaction of mankind. These are the statesmen of finance and so- clety, no longer a name for government and politics alone. A select, far-seeing, high-thinking company of successful men to whom goes general homage, to whom 15 awarded enthusiastic public recognition. Two out of this class come to mind here. e Eastman and Henry Ford. Not & bit alike, save in the ca- pacity for a tremendous passion of pur- sult and in the common instinct of identifying their high aims with the common needs and interests of the great majority. It seems a bit weird, even suspicious, to create deliberately commodities for the pleasure and con- venlence of the great hordgs of common people—to convert these commodities, deliberately, to necessities. A perfectly sound idea possessed each of these men, whether the talk be of increasin the sum of human happiness or of building up two,enormous enterprises that have, in the long run, enriched their xmjemrs beyond the power of mere figures to estimate; that have, in the long run, made thousands of their associates, direct and indirect, the pos- sessors of competence and wealth itself. ‘The “tin Lizzi term of affection in reality, or such it has come to be— and the kodak are family necessities nowadays. To the little humdrum round, so dangerous to contentment and happiness, these two have opened wide spaces of travel and the recording of & fhousand evidences of the sheer, diz- zying beauty of the natural world, Home is infinitely happler because of these two. Romance Is here, and ad- venture for all, as well as royal enter- prise for its leaders. And now Carl Ackerman in a spirit of enthusiasm_tells the story of George stman. There {5 no other spirit for the fair conveyance of this modern tale of c. It was the ruulon for pho- tography that early set this xo\mz fellow from Western New York off on his re- markable adventure of being 100 per cent alive. The amateur, in no time at all, turned student, inventor, scientist, searching and researching all the ins and outs of x the ups an mochlnlc?.zfl'l'h- o: ct & dg:blle o;-e. More pert recordings, a simpler in- ltmmgft for the use of the wide world. And along with this business the prac- tical man kept himself very wide awake. Being awake, he couldn't dream. But he could have visions. And.he did. Visions of a kodak in the kit of every youngster, and oldster, too, for that matter, setting tmzk to Idnvnuglw. “gugg‘a his ot'{ll: cl , perhaps the era or fl :ruthar beauteous where. is vision reduced to workl hotographic chemistry, all the mo e bution. In a word, this meant a colossal industry. Could he do it, this young fellow from Western New York, who . He tells you all about it, tells you about the smooth open places of effort where no trouble at all held the great enter- prise back and then tells you about the business mountains to climb and thwart- ing business rivers to cross and deserts to traverse. Such some of the obstacles and barriers to be overcome. Here in & chapter by itself is the epic of the film, the epiéof photography. And here in another chapter of its own is the story of the kodak, this wizard of daily entertainment and usefulness for mil- lions of people every day in the world. In a chaj mnon the moving picture ‘Thomas comes in for a tribute from the author and from every one of his readers. From the world itself be- sides. A life of astounding activity and achievement Mr. Ackerman sets down republic gives all the signs of perma- nency and of the devotion of the people. It has found in Gen. Hindenburg a faithful President and has developed distinguished and successful ministers who have established ‘an intelligent fore! policy, in strong contrast to that of the empige under William.” “The bests that can be said for the {3 occupation,” in the judgment of the Wheeling Intelligencer, “is that it might have been worse. There will be better understanding in crowded, anxious Europe, with the disappearance of French soldiers from German soll." Nevertheless, the Scranton Times be- lieves that “in the main the French and other forces conducted themselves with fine restraint”; that “in the area occu- pied by the American t a friendly feeling had sprung up tween the population and the Americans.” The Worcester Evening Gazette holds that “with the best will in the world, no prgg!e can honestly profess friendship wit any real fervor while they are subjected to even a nominal control by the troops of a power that has con- quered them"”; that “the best that can be expected of them is that. they should work in harmony with their conquerors.” “The Germans are very glad to be rid of the French and probably the latter are well satisfled to return to their own land,” says the Bangor Commercial, while the Kalamazoo Gazette feels that “Germany should be more willing than ever to co-operate in the mighty task n;’ l]bfl]lshlng war forever from human affairs.” ‘The Richmond News Leader is con- vinced that “the occupation demon- strated many things, and, above all else, the essential solidarity of the Ger- man people”; that “all that the treaty left Germany is now hers again, in full sovereignty, except for the Saar Valley, Wwhich is under administration by the League of Nations, with the mines defi- nitely under the ownership of Prance.” ‘The News Leader refers to the plebiscite in this region in 1935 and predicts a second “unification of Germany,” add- ing: “The third unification is down the days: Will it be Austria, or Posen, which was given in large part to Poland, or will it be the renewal of the age-old struggle for Alsace and Lorraine’ ——ons. Janitors Should Take Notice From the Dayton Daily News. ‘That chemically treated wood which acts as its own fire extinguisher should prove popular with apartment janitors as a fuel, ——— Harnessmakers Still Flourish. From the Des Moines Tribune-Gapital. Motorists and aviators, please take notice: There are still enough harness- makers left in Iowa to hold a State convention with a hundred delegates. ) Capitol Hill Exempted From the Ban Antonio Exoress gtori's police ban on nee noises doesn’t e: dless d to Capitol Hill. in complete fidelity to its wide scope and in affectionate regard for its multi- tudinous vital details. Then the author becomes engrossed, inevitably engrossed, in the arrival of this other George Eastman—the dis- penser of opportunity, the humanist, looking, very practically, out upon cer= in needs of the world, with a mind to alleviating at least some of these. A big job. And when it is over George Eastman is going to be a play boy, in- dulging his love of beautiful things— pictures and books and rare stuffs from far places. He is going to listen to the greatest of music under his own roof, his friends around him. He is going to Africa, or wherever wild animals still call to the beast in their man-brother; he is going to hunt and explore and face natural dangers for the sake of | the old savage that will not die out within these modern altruists. He is going to have a corking time—is al- ready on his way, now and then, here and there. But before this period of leisuring_along, of vagabonding about, George Eastman gave away much of the huge bulk of pelf that, through in- dustry, foresight, indomitable courage, industrial acumen, through genius even, had accrued to him. He has unloaded, s0 to speak. And this important proc ess, as you quickly discern, was c: ried out under the very sort of inspira- tion that created the vast sum to be assigned to this and that and the other of public benefaction. Mere, as in the other two periods, it is the man, the particular kind of man, that counts. Standing in some high place, George Eastman gathered from this sightly point that which seems to him to be the very heart of achievement—achieve- ment for young men and women, since these are the ones who really count. Illuminating this wide vision by his own experience, and by his observation, too, he calls opportunity the keynote of in- dividual gro portunity, the hope of millions of boys and girls, the grown folks of tomorrow, the people of tomor- row. The first and best of opportunity is education, its first atep. And so George Eastman gives munificently to this purpose—millions to the Negroes at Hampton and Tuskegee; millions to | the Massachusetts 8chool of Technol- ogy. A practical educator, this man. And so he establishes a dental clinic in | bo) Rochester and builds a model city, Ko= dak Park, at Greece, N. Y. for the housing of his industrial plant. Just sketchy and incomplete naming, this, of the avenues along which Mr. East- man is releasing the wealth of his great kodak enterprise. But it is enough to show the self-possessed vision throughe out of this man of many interests and of his straight march toward the ends in view. To be sure, it was all there in the beginning in the nature and character of the boy. Much of it an inheritance, no doubt. But above and beyond that here is achievement of such substantial quality, in conditions and under circumstances not unusual, as to make of this record much more than the story, even the great story, of a man’s life. One cannot emphasize downs of better camera ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ‘There is no other agency in the world that can answer as many Iti- mate questions as our free Informal Bureau Washington, D. C. This highly organized institution has been it up and is under the personal di- rection of Prederic J. Haskin. B;keep- ing in constant touch with Federal bu"-“:t :‘?xlo ition to - m"'rt; & pos| pass on mfl\lthcfltl'.lv! information of the hest order. Submit your queries to the staff of experts whose services are put at your free disposal. There is no charge except 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Address The Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. kin, director, Washington, D. C. QU L!- Charlie Chaplin & musician? | —M. L. A. It is stated that Mr. Chaplin's | new picture, ity Lights,” is to have | special music and lyrics written by the comedian. He completed three numbers which are to be sung and is now preparing incidental music. Q. What recognition did the King ive to Amy Johnson, the English yer?—S. B. A. Amy Johnson, who flew in a sec- ond-hand piane from London to Aus- tralia in 191, days, has been made a commander of the British Empire by King George. Q. Is there to be a radio station in Vatican City?—B. C. R. A. A station is almost completed, and it is expected that Pope Plus XI will be heard on the air some time in July, if his health permits. Q. What is an Irish dividend?—R. D. A. This is a humorous term for an assessment levied on a stock, Q. Does the Government inspect vac- cines?—F. W. A. The United States Public Health Service, in connection with its inspec- tion of biologic products, as required by law, performs a service of inestimable ue to the general public. Before biologic product, such as a serum, toxin, vaccine or antitoxin, may be sold in ternational commerce a license must be obtained from the Public Health Serv- ice. The granting of a license means that inspection of the establishment concerned and lal tory examinations of samples of its products are made regularly to insure the observance of safe methods of manufacture, to ascer- tain freedom from contamination and to determine the purity or safety, or both, of the various products, and the potency in cases where standards exist. Q. Is there a good motor road from the United States to Mexico City?—H. F, A. The Mexican government is build- ing a modern highway from Laredo to Mexico City, and it has been completed as far as Monterey. The remainder of the road is not good at present. Q. Where was the first law in the lem: States punishing drunkenness? A. The colony of Maryland a law in 1842 Wnflhlflwdrunkm.n“d by a fine of 100 pounds of tobacco. Q. What kind of a muscial instru: ment was a psaltery?—S. B. K. A. It was a strin ru shaped like the Greek letter delta, was used by the ancient Hebrews. In medieval times a pealtery had from 13 to 36 strings and a sounding board. It was played by plucking the strings with or without a plectrum, Q. When was the International ‘?Vu;'! Arch at Blaine, Wash., bullt?— A" The Portal of Peace is a massive ent It the United States in interstate or in- |- J. HASKIN. and was, dedicated September 8, 1921, in homor of the 8::: between the United States and ada, which had for more than 100 years without a break. The memorial, which cost $40,000, stands 100 yards from the ine ternational brundary, where the forty- ninth parallel meets Boundary Bay. Q. What was the first magazine? —C. E. M. A. The American Libmary Assocla- tion says: “It is said that the first magazine that really deserved the name was the Athenlan Gazette, which ap- peared in London in 1691. Gentleman's, Magazine, starting in 1731, is the reai beginning of the monthly . magazine such as we know it in recent years." Q. Does any Indian language B3?-D. T. R. A. A great many American Indian languages do not use the sound of B. The famous Aztec language of Mexico does not have it and the majority of North Americans Indians are unable to pronounce the sound. However, some Indian languages have the B, for ex- ample the Jamez tongue of New Mexico has a perfect B, and in California the Pomo Indians, the most expert basket makers in the world, have it. A good example of a proper name beginning with B is Bagil, a woman herolne in Pomo mythology about whom stories wldl. Her name is pronounced Bah- geel. Q. Please give information regarding the religious affillations of the owners of the Assoclated Press.—L. O. . A. The Associated Press is not owned by any individual or corporation. It is & co-operative association, the members of which are assessed according to the service zhaf' receive. All members are mutually pledged to work for the bene fit of the whole and the good of the or- ganization. All religlous creeds as well as all shades of political opinion are Tepresented in the owners, publishers and editors making up the membership of the Associated Press. Q. When will the Negro Gold Star Mothers go to France?—J. E. 8. A. There will be two Negro Gold Star Mother pilgrimages this Summer, the first sailing on the 12th of July and the second on the 16th of August. qu gvh:t is an index number?-~ A. The rhrm index number is some- times applied to any series in which a chosen term is written as 100 and the other terms expressed in percentages of it. Another definition is “an index number is a number adapted by its variations to indicate the increase or decrease of a magnitude not susceptible of definite measurement.” Index num- bers are applied to the measurement of the general movement of prices, cost of living, wages, production, consump- tion, employment, etc. Q. Where did the seedless grange originate?—L. P. A. The Washington navel orange url’- inated at Bahia, Brazil, in the early art of the nineteenth century and was troduced into California by Willlam Saunders of the Department of Agri- culture in 1870 through Mrs. L. C. Tib~ bet of Riverside, Calif. Q. Who was the first American en- graver?—G. H. T. A. The first engraving made in Amer- ica by a native-born American is in the Metropolitan Museura of Art, New York City. It is a plan of Boston, was engraved by Thomas Johnson of Boston ?’I‘zdl was published by Will Burgls in ‘proper name of pure gin with the letter Q. When was Oid Tronsides sunk?— concrete structure in the form of a gateway. It is located at Blaine, Wash., L DICTAMEN, Vera Cruz.—The city council has E | schools, and which will direct the driv- r;l- lrat pl'l:‘ monrI vehicles to mnu their s while passi &cl ) In order to obviate the po::l‘flmy of hit- ting a child. e civil junta (council) has also arranged for a plot of ground, central- ly located, where such scholars as de- sire may Frmme their agriculture. Two hectares (415 acres) have been allotted for the gurpou to be portioned off to the children. oo i i German Clubs Boyeott Austrian Tyrol. Neues Wiener, Abendblatt, Vienna.— All the German automobile clubs except one, the D. A. C. of Berlin, are boy- cotting the Austrian Tyrol this year on account of high es charged for road and tourist privileges in that district. The Berlin organization, however, is ' protesting against this discrimination on the ground that road taxes must be high in such a region, to keep the high- wlxn in proper condition for traffic, and they see no injustice in being called upon to pay what might be considered h;h rates for similar privileges else- where. The D. A. C. (Deutscher Automobl- Klub) protests the action of the gen- eral associations as unneighborly and inconsiderate of the Austrian brother- land. The D. A. C. is urging all the other automobile associations in Ger- many to ignore the unjustified diserimi- natlon against such a beautiful section of this !nenflly‘rwubflci . * * | | Half-Penny Fare in Glasgow Safe. Evening Times, Glasgow.—The Glas- gow municipal transport department is to let the fares remain as they are ‘The half-pepny fare is thus safe for other year. ‘It was stated some time ago | that the half-penny fare would be secured if the department were given a tramway monopoly within the ecity. | The department has always been pru- | dently managed in af of finance. | Depreciation has usually been figured {on the generous side. Consequently the department is mot only financially sound, but, genuinely prosperous. Last | | year, 275,258 pounds was put away for | |renewal of the permanent way, and, /191,024 pounds was spent. The depart- ! ment never had to he helped out of the | ~ates, but it has helped the rates con- siderably. | * ok ox % Pensions Cost Ireland 2,741,800 Pounds. Irish Independent, Dublin—Old age pensions cost the Saorstat 2,741,800 ———e— e too much the substance and content of this individuality, of others of its kind. Sane, practical, highly gifted, success ful beyond counting, yet with that fel tlow feeling which, in exactly the best “wny, seeks to give to the public a good ‘uco\ml. a_ substantial and serviceable | account, of his self-elected part in the current scheme of existence. If I were an educator—whatever that may mean —this is the kind of lift and stir and inspiration that I'd open to students, ys _and girls—this something alive, d fine, and igniting, that is right here mong them still carryl monalty. No, I would not ignore his- tory, but I would set it ablaze now and then by stories of one and another of the not overmany great leaders who are today working valiantly and hero- ically for today and tomorrow. A great story and a thrilling one. Just a news item in The Star last week: “George K. Eastman of Roch ester, N. Y. head of the Eastman Kodak Co. (his picture accompanies the news), who was appointed Hoover a8 member of {ne J. M. P, A. The Navy Department says that the Constitution was never sunk. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands pounds in 1920. This is the second larg- est item in our natibnal expenditure, primary education being the largest. * ¥ % X Kinema Habit of Children /seplored. Manchester Guardian.—The influence of the kinema on children was discussed at a conference of the Incorporation As- soclation of Head Masters in London recently. Dr. W. Edwards, head master of Bradford Grammar School, sent some notes which were read by Mr. Jenkyn Thomas, Dr. Edwards said figures of the attendance of children at kinemas were such as to allow of one attendance & week for every school child in Great Britain. Such a frequency of attendance was to be deplored, because of une physical effect on children who were forming the kinema-going habit, whe: they w be much better employed playing games in the open air. Still more important and objection- able was the psychological effect of the emctional disturbances caused by watch- ing dramas of crime and passion. Tt Was no answer to criticism to say that the film had a good moral ending, ne- cause the ill-eflect was produced by watching the incidents depicted They also had to consider the talkies, and their powerfully debasing influence on the speech of the children, in vulgarisny, profanity and exotic dialects, Dr. Edwards could see no other rem- than a more radical exclusion of children from kinemas. Those re- sponsible for the industry must co-op- erate in that way, and he could rot believe that they were s¢ without con- sclence as to refuse to co-operate, R Peru and Chile Thrilled by Race Sentiment. El Mercurio, Santiago.—There will soon arrive at Valparaiso the squadron of Peru; it will come from the same country whence arrived, in the times of the conquest and the colony, almest all the enterprise and vitality which, a little later, brought this poor Southern captaincy of Chile into full fruition of life and progress. From Peru first came to Chile those reverend judges and most ncble magistrates whom Spain sent out, and vessels which had plied the most distant seas. Chile looked to the No:th for her de- liverance, and it was from the vice-regal city of Lima that Francisco Pizarro sent forth those intrepid generals and col- onizers, Diego de Almargo and Pedro de Valdivia, who extended far to the South the culture and the religion of the Spanish race. The glorious advance of Pizzaro and his soldiers, brightening with Christian art and learning, tfe darker d ruder civillaation of the aboriginals, constitutes one of the most beautiful epics of the New World. Witi the soldiers came the cross, its ministers seeking not to destroy or despoil, but to teach and save Now comes t) Chile another squadrm. from Peru, a~'l more even than befop- upon an em~assy purely of good win and peace. After four centuries, the two countries are still thrilled with the mutual sentiments of their common race. The radiant sun of Peru flames cnce more upon the peaceful waters of the Southern seas which bore so gladly in bygone years the keels of her saving ships. The capital of Chile welcomes again the noble navigators of Peru. — bt e Blow Aimed at Sucker Fans Prom the Lynchburg. Va. News. There will be foul' blows in the ring just so long as sucker fans come back with money to see more foul blows struck. ) Plunges and Plunges Compared From the Butte Daily Post. | For pure recknessness, ‘the chap who ington Bicentennial Commission.” A feature, one takes it, . of Mr. Eastman's newly inaugurated piaytime. dropped over Niagara Falls in a 1 has nothing on the guy who took plunge in the stock market 'tthnut one. \