Evening Star Newspaper, March 21, 1930, Page 7

FORUM ADDRESS ont Desoribes Values of '/ 'Most Comprehensive “U.’S. Survey. t, ‘who gave Ill ulumlmnng olmthhfl;&n ‘comprehensive departmental e l.ueu.ry Lamont spoke in the Na- Radio Forum, was broadcast locally from Sta- WMAL over a Nation-wide net- A-'ox!unl th‘:.t‘ f the census success of pends_in the last analysis on the eople, Mr. Lamont said, “In all the ds covered by this great national ock-taking — population, uflcultun. hining and manafactures, and distri- ition—the census -chedu!a for 1930 better than ever be! “In all these flelds '.he Department pt Commerce is planning to analyze the sults in & more useful manner than Fr befo: he said. “But the success '.'hhl: undmnn( depends not alone Department of Commerce, bn. the committees whtch have come to ts aid; it depends p: y on the eat masses of the people themselves. Without their loyal co-operation it is hpossible ‘to obtain correct returns or “sbtain them promptly.” Employes Sworn to Secrecy. put of any idle curiosity.” “It is not interested in the individual pr his business as such,” he said. “The person, the family, the farm, the fac- ory, the store, becomes simply & factor n mlk\ng up averages and totals for 3 u, classes and communities. The records are accessible only to emplnyal of the Bureau of the Cen- jus, sworn not to disclose them to any person outside of that bureau. No one need fenrthlthumnonthzemm can in any way be used to his “Do not hulflm or hold d typical 1 n\u great collective ag;n‘ntx:‘ ad- comm 0 vin devotion to called lvo u 'm be proving your hat President Hoover m tism of peace.” Text of Address. Becteury Lamont’s address follows, and dull? Are mflcumdn nmdum‘r?l; ing realized throughout the United Btates today. May I flve you one example? A few eks the Department of Commerce lilnhed 3,000 coples of what milb! to the average person, like the ned 515 pages of -oudn:\uu— mflh-wh;mmmdmlummol SECRETARY ROBERT P. LAMONT. THE EVENING .STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, FRIDAY, MARCH 21, 1930. ki SUS Am URGH] ASKS CENSUS CO-OPERATION —Harris-Ewing Photo. cerns according to the character of their business. Some idea of the magnitude of this great statistical undertakng, covering a three-year period for enumeration, tab- ulation and printing may be gained from the fact that its total cost will be Abuul. $40,000,000. dowever, divided jong the population this means only lbnm 10 cents ‘g::gyzn per ind}vk:ull for the next years—small cost for a great contribution to our knowl- edge of ourselves. ‘The Department of Commerce and its Bureau of the Census are bending every effort to make this the best cen- sus ever taken. The qualifications of each supervisor and each enumerator have been most carefully tested before he is permjtted to enter upon his duties. ‘The schedules have been framed with exceptional care and with the aid of committees of experts and of practical business men. The machines used for punching cards, sorting them and tab- ulating results are better than ever be- fore. It is hoped and expected that the results will be available more promptly than hitherto, and that they will Le presented in a form more useful to the “the public. There will be special emphasis on the presentation of statistics for local areas — cities, towns, counties, townships, wards md even relatively small tracts within the cities. Earlier Publication of Data. A number of new features of im- portance have been added to the popu- lation census. For example, the super- visors for the first time will be 1 to give out a preliminary statement of the total population of each city, town, wunty or other gamm subdivision of eir respective icts as rapidly as thz enumerators finish their work, with- Wi thus be available, subject to minor cor- rection, much sooner than at any previ- ous census. first_time, county has been the smallest unit for which any facts were published except the mere number of inhabitants. There ;| are three new inquiries of much sig- & makers and bread-winners the Bok prize for the most valuable nr research ldnndns the science vertising. this _even h the book hld not een submit~ d in their competition. Thus we see that figures can be xtremely vital. Facts are mighty tools. oon we are to embark on the Nation's jreatest job of fact-collecting—the king of the census, ‘The business of a government is to itisfy the needs of its people—to hote their interests and heighten being. What could pro a better oundn':b;nm Iolr sucl; }:’flm t.hzn an ur wledge of how many people country has—where they live and, 8 measure, how they live? Facts those are basic. From them, h light of truth, we may proceed to 0 lws nhudy betterment here in the ‘This tl.kinfi' of the decennial census n close to-the front among the hajor tasks that our Government ir ng this year, The census army mobilizing, and it is a vast army. dvance scouts are already active in ollecting statistics of manufacturers ind distribution. Phich has to do With the censuses of ulation and of agriculture will begin ts march on April 2. Its high com- nand, officers of the ent of ommerce, have been ning the mpaign for the past two years, The prigadier generals, consisting of the 574 supervisors throughout the count ve all been appointed and hlv& jreadv selected their leutenants practically all of their privates, tht numerators, of whom more than 100,- P00 are required for this gigantic xpedition. Census Takers Are Peaceful Army, To liken the census staff to an army s appropriate in every way except one, nd that is fundamental. The purpose of this great bocy of men and women is ot conflict. It is constructive serviee n the interest of cvery individual citi- fzen, in the interest of agricuiture and 1 business, in the interest of cur itical and soclal life. The census army arches against no enemy; it marches pmong friends, The original purpose of the census, provided for in the Constitution of 1749, was to count the population as a basis for apportionment of ‘epresenta- fon in Congress. This is indeed a most portant thln!‘ but th\ scope of the ensus today has become many times vider. The population census itself has been extended to cover many facts re- garding the chafacter of the people, their occupations and their economic standing. Moreover, to the population censuses have been added chbglnu in- quiries regarding our agriculture, our manufactures, and for the first time at this decennial census our ~ystem cf dis- tribution, of marketing commodities. ‘The census tl nificance on the population schedule. The first relates to unemployment, a subject of peculiar interest to the great masses of the le. The second.re- ll'nmfl:e lue of the home if it be r to the rental pald for it— (leh 'hleh will enable us to get a most valuable picture of the economic stand- ing of the population of different com- munmu and of different occupations ‘The third is an inquiry as w'hemrumllmflyownslmdwlet Another significant new departure at the present census is the requirement that some pérson in each family must be designated by the enumerator as the home-maker. The aim 1s to give recognition to women in the home who hitherto, unless they had some money- mlk!n. employment, were reported as having l’;: :elflu;;non. “:y 't:e h:nethm: adopted possible to show no only the number of women whose work is wholly or almost wholly in the home, but also the number who are both home- in some other occupation. To Check Unemployment. ‘The announcement of the population by the supervisors, to which I have re- ferred, is only the beginning of the work of the population census. The entries made by the enumerators for each n, covering about 25 points, must be examined in the office at Wash- ington to see that they are in proper form; that no items have been omitted; that the facts reported for dividual are consistent with each other. The almost innumerable occupations l’ listed for the 40,000,000 or 50,000,000 gainfully occupled persons must be classified into a s'.lndlrd list of rea- sonable number, a task requiring expert skill and judgment. The entries con- cerning unemployment must be ex- amined with special care, for it is no easy matter to define unemployment or to express clearly the causes of fit. Moreover, code numbers must be assign- ed for each individual for each fact on the schedule, 5o as to permit the ing of the cards used in the chlled tabulation. Each of the more than 120,000,000 of inhabitants is represented by a card on which from 20 to 25 holes are punched to set forth the facts con- cerning him. A"er the p\mchlng these cards must be sorted in various ways and run repeatedly through the tlhl:llt- ing machines in order not merely to obuin bare totals concerning each of many classes distinguished, but ted totals, groups within complex fashion. order to develop facts Ill.la groups in ves Moreover, concerning families it will be necessary | tors, la; to punch a separate card for each family. This is a new underukln;, for hitherto we have obtained the census practically no In!omltlon ‘con- cerning families except the mere num- ber of them. This family card will con- tain such items as the number of per- sons in the family, the number of chil- dren, the number of bread-winners, the tenure of the home, the amount pald for rent, or the value of the home. if owned; the occupation of the father or chief bread-winner, and various other facts of fundamental importance for the undmhndln. of our economic and social li Next in m itude to the census of population is that of agriculture. From detailed report is obtained. sched. ule contains 350 inquiries, and from $0 t0 100 of these aj to any given farm. les have to be carefully examined by the clerical force of the Census Bureau to determine their com- pleteness and the consistency of the items with one another. For each tnrm from 20 to 30 cards must be pun The sorting and tabulation of all thm is quite as complex a task as that of tabulating the population census. Special Farm Steps Involved. ‘The Census Bureau is undertaking special steps at this time to measure the new trends in American agriculture. ‘There have been eonsglc\wul changes in the character of our farms, and these changes differ in different parts of the country. In some parts of the East there has been a tendency toward wiping out the line pf demarcation bes tween culture and other A Scores of thousands of places produce crops and animal products and yet are not farms in the sense ordinarily un- derstood in earlier of time; the agricultural operations are not the sole support of the family and often not even its main support. In some parts of the West, on the other hand, the average size of the farm has become larger and agricultural operations have beeh more and more mechanized and commercialized. At the present census all places where agricultural products are raised in ap- prechble quantities will be canvassed, and these places will be classified ac- cordin gto their size, the annual value of their product, the nature of their principal products, and the relation of the farm operations to any other busi- ness which the producer may pursue. mhotmeammmmmlulmll depends The census schedules, moreover, contain | more questions than hitherto regarding the conditions of life on the farm and the equipment of the farm home. The problems of agriculture have been very much in the limelight duri recent years, and the census will affore mass of information needed for their proper solution, The census of population is taken once in 10 years and that of agriculture once in five years. On the other hand, nl’nlt’ tm canvassed every two years | ment is confident that with the rising “ad committee for that|standards of education and the growing recomme the advisory f the census has nded bnm:h of oo ?mny. elaborate than those formerly taken - longer intervals. In order n‘um for 1930, the end of the deelde. eompsnble for t.ha undzmnd- lines of those used in nzn wmle at the same time including all the many spe- clal inguirles regarding quantity and ‘“ value of product which have been added to the questionnaires during recent years. Most Comprehensive Census. ‘The idea is that we need to know the current facts about production of our factories at frequent intervals, because quantity and value of products often change rapidly and not always in the same direction. But also, from time to time, the business man must take a longer view. He must consider those aspects of industry which change more gradually, -but which in the course of time do change very materially, and which usually take the same direction of movement over long periods. The ent census of manufacturers will, t! fore, be the most comprehensive ever taken. The committee of business men and statisticlans which co-operated in the framing of the schedules has aired, without an undue burden on the factory manager, to bring out the basic facts gxlch American business wishes to oWw. The new census of distribution is be- I.n‘ undertaken at the insistent demand of the merchants of the coun- try, bt of the manufacturers, the bank- ers’ ghid the business men in general, Moreover, there was a strong demand for such a census on the part of con- sumers, who believe that it will con- tribute in some measure to increase the efficiency of distribution processes and to narrow the spread between the price received by the producer and the price paid by the final user of commodities. In a country of high standards of liv- ing like the United States the marketing of goods is an extremely complex pro- cess. It involves two or three millions of establishments, a vast personnel, and & turnover of tens of billions of dollars, divided among thousands of classes of commodities. . task of framing pmm schedules of questions for the var classes of wholesale and retail establishments has bristled with diffi- culties, and the proper analysis of the results will be equally difficult. The Government must call with special em- phasis for the co-operation of every merchant in furnishing prompt and accurate returns. The manufacturers throughout the long history of the cen- suses of factory industries have learned that these periodical reports are of very great value to them as well as to the ‘enerll public. Similarly our distribu~ rge und small, wholesale and re- tall alike, will find a satisfactory census of distribution of the utmost :dv-nuxe to them as well as to all other of the population. People Mn:t Co-operate. In all the fields covered by this great national stock taking—population, agri- culture, mining and manufacturers and distribution—the census schedules for 1930 are better than ever before. In all these flelds the Department of Com- merce is planning to analyze the results in a more useful manner than ever be- fore. But the success of this under- taking depends not alone on the De- wunent of Commerce nor on the com- mittees which have come to its ald; it primarily on the great masses of the people '.h:‘;llell\t!e:l llemg;" co-operation possible anbmcomc:remmorwobmn them promptly. Every family, every farmer, every factory manager or mine operator, evm dealer rests under ob- ligation to himself and to his fellow citizens in this matter. The Govern- OuRIsHAN CHEVROLET SALE STOP.cuen. COLD 3 ways in a day Knock that cold this thorough, harm. less way. Take Hill's. Relief comes in onethird the usual time v thout dis 1 r rause s stoj cold 's"w'."y". vt 11 Opens howele ne kefever... 3:Tones any druggiot | Illl.’S GASCAMIIIIIIIE OPEN SATURDAY EVENING UNTIL 9 P.M. Misses’ & Children’s SHOES Pat. Colt, Tan, Gun Metal and W Can- vas Strap Pumps, Ties and Oxfords. Sizes 5to 2 512 Women’s and GROWING GIRLS’ Pat. Colt, Satin Strap Pumps, Opera Pumps, and Ties All Sizes 31.99 BOYS’ & GIRLS’ Play OXFORDS Black & Tan Sizes 6 to 2 Tl 726 SEVENTH STREET N.W. VISIT OUR BARGAIN BASEMENT Largest boys and girls we have ever shown. Boys’ & Girls’_ TENNIS SHOES Hi and Lo; Whi Tan; All Sizes assortment of Spring Shoes for BOYS’ Black and Tan OXFORDS Unusual Values Sizes 11 to 6 and OXFORDS Black and Tan, Narrow and Full Toes Sizes 6 to 11 rn- | whlhmlfitmduh’bfimo(the ‘The biennial census of manu- Amgflunm!alteneauntmmelr however, have been somewhat | co-gperation in census taking to a never before equaled. do mnot for a moment Government is prying into the of individuals out of any idle It is not interested in the that the iy indlvlfiu'-l or his business as such. permn, the family, the farm, the fac- , the store, becomes simply a factor up averages and totals for ps, classes and communities. The rlximl Tecords are accessible only to employes of the Bureau of the Census, sworn not to disclose them to any per- son outside of that bureau. No one need fear that his report on the census schedules can in any way be used to his | this injury. On the contrary, every person FREE PARKING SERVICE PLACE | throughout the country gains by that knowledge concerning the peaple and Mmlenndndfllm-huh onlyuamflth accurate census 'nu United States is among the four principal countries of the world in number of mmw.-nu it leads them all in wealth and in the magnitude and complexity of its industry and com- merce. the 140 years since v,he ring ‘The | founding of the Nation, its progress has been unparalleled in the history of the . The decennial censuses are mile- stones of that . This census will enable us not only to measure the advance of decade since the war, but to measure ourselves in comparison with the other nations of the vm‘ld So, you see, which will benventoonrpeo e as a result of April census not be dry sta- tistics. They be tremendously vital — pulsating with life — presenting (when viewed aright) & vivid and ar- for congratulation? How is our pare ticular community faring? The census re of human activity in|should resting pletu nited States o Ly adages is , homel saying: o nyseirt census that enables us to “Know our- selves” as a people. It is a truly mar- velous instrument of seudnnnlnl As a gauge, a test, a medium of diagnosis, it is- umqlle and unapproached. By it the results of ambition may be . 'me success of local energy and enthusiasm may be ascertained. ‘The advance of enurprhe may be defi- nitely judged. basis ~_economic trends should be mlde crystal-clear. ‘What forces are at work in this America of ours? What transforma- tions m taking plnee? ‘Where are the curren Whese are the perils, il any—and flut aw the causes RETAILDEPARTMENT STORE Bladensburg Road at 15th and H Sts: N. E. GUARANTEE Our Unlimited Guaranteadas created such m‘ :Mbnnupuunmfi“ by tire manu- we repeat our Unlimited Guarantee T S— N LESS THAN 4 YEARS It is this national| to coming census every way you can. Do m! hultlh gr hold back—antl do not = wpu- hensive. We appeal to you unanimously —with seal, vigor, pmn and typical American frankness—to great collective afiufl, to ldvuwe m- common good. 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Ya Reg. cl.. 8.05...$1.05 30x37% Over. cl. 5.15.. 1.05 30x37; ss. 6.75.. 31x4 ss... 8.95.. 145 322315 ss. 8.90.. 1.48 32x4 ss... 9.65.. 1.55 323475 ss 13.50.. 1.85 33x4 ss.. 10.25.. 1.65 Balloons Sizes 33x5.77.. 14.65. . 33x6.00. . 13.78.. 33x6.20.. 15.65. . 33x6.50.. 15.65. . 33x6.75.. 18.75. . 34x6.00.. 13.95. . 34x7.30.. 21.25.. 2.58 35x6.00. . 14.65. . 35x7.00.. 18.75.. Tires Tubes 2.35 2.18 2.75 2.78 2.78 2.15 Ti the i 2.38 278 of the flexi built into the ALLS' A.'I: Super Elastic fabric. ALLSTATE BALLOONS SUPER ALLSTATE res are now lower priced than ever before, due to improvements in production metheds and immense Mrd’ldiu these great tires melnl For Q-dlly-{ price, SUPER ALUTAT‘ Tires now bring you the most in tire value. Pat them on your car today! Cfirds Tires Tubes 93 2s. 14.68. Sizes Tires Tubes 2834.75 . 28x5.28 28x5.50 29x4.40 29x4.50 20x4.75 29x4.95 . 29x5.00 29x5.50 30x4.50 30x4.75 30x4.95 30x5.00 30x5.25 30x5.50 30x8.77 30x6.00 31x4.95 31x5.00 31x8.25 31x6.00 31x6.50 32x5.00 32x6.00 322620 32x6.32 32x6.75 332877 38x6.00 3326.78 34x7.00 35x6.00 35x7.00 $10.45 12.95 13.95 9.25 9.85 1145 1225 1195 1445 9.95 1185 s2.10 258 270 188 195 228 2.38 2.30 238 2.00 270 248 2.38 2.60 ll!