Evening Star Newspaper, December 28, 1929, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR, - WASHIT THE EVENING STAR |has written into existing radio law ihlllbeen designated as American minister inda; broadcast With Morni Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. BATURDAY...December 28, 1920 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company usiness Office: 11th St. and Pennssivania Ave. New York Office. 110 East 42nd St. ghicaso Office: Lake Michizan Buildifis. uropean Office; 14 Regent London, Ensland. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evenine Star. 45c Ler month The Evenin ;. .60c per month iar 65¢ per month | , ¢ per copy Collection made at the end of each mon’h. Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000. Raie by Mafl—Payable in Advance. Maryland and V Datly and_Sunday Daily only .. Sunday only . 0! 5.00: 1 mo., 50¢ | 34.00: 1 mo. 4Cc | All Other States and Canada. | ily and Sunday..ly 12, 00 ity oniy 1 | junday only 5.00: Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press is exclusively entitled 1o ihe Aive or TepubTcation of A1l news Cias | Patches Crediied 10 it or NoL OtHCFVISE credn | 1ted in this paper and also he lacal news published heremn. All rights of publication of special dispatches nerein are also reservea. The Prohibition Report. It now develops that the President’s | Law Enforcement Commission is to| make a preliminary report on prohibi- | tion enforcement soon after Congress | reconvenes. The loud shouts emanating | in recent days from Capitol Hill de- manding an early report by the com- mission either have been effective in bringing a decision of the commission to make such a report, or they have been unnecessary because the commis- sion planned a report anyway. In.the light of several circumstances, it is probable that the commission was about ready {0 make a report and would have done so without all the uproar. In the first place, President Hoover is not the man to appoint a commission to do & job and then go off and leave the commission to dawdle along for months and years. No one has ever yet accused the Chief Executive of shirking work or permitting others to shirk it, with any basis for the accusation. It was noticeable, also, that after Senator Harris of Georgia had issued his first blast attacking the Law Enforcement Commission and demanding an jmme- diate report, he calmed down consid- erably following an interview with the President. While no details of the in- terview have been revealed, it is entire- 1y probable that he learned then that & report of the commission was under way and would soon be submitted. The report of the commission, it is understood, will deal with four angles of prohibition enforcement. It is no mere coincidence that these recom- mendations of the eemmission parallel the recommendations of President Hoo- ver in his annual message to Congress, delivered when that body met the first week of December. To any unbiased mind it must be clear that the Presi- dent and the commission have been working together, and that he had the benefit of the advice of the commission before he sent his message to Congress. The four recommendations made by the President in his annual message include (1) & proposal for an immediate con- centration of responsibility and strength- ening of enforcement agencies of the Federal Government by transfer to the Department of Justice of the Federal functions of detection, and to & con- siderable degree of prosecution, which are now lodged in the prohibition bu- reau in the Treasury; (2) a proposal for “relief of congestion in the Federal eourts by modifying and simplifying the procedure for dealing with the large volume of petty prosecutions under va- rious Federal acts”; (3) a proposal for “a codification of the laws relating to prohibition, to avoid the necessity which now exists of resorting to more than twenty-five statutes enacted at va- rious times over forty years”; and (4) & proposal “for reorganizing the various services engaged in the prevention of smuggling into one border patrol under | the Coast Guard.” The Law Enforce- ment Commission, in its report, will make similar recommendations. Prohibition and its enforcement ad- mittedly are great problems even after almost & decade of the Volstead act. The Law Enforcement Commission has before it- & huge task. Its report is coming along in orderly fashion. Doubt- less the critics of the commission and of tpe administration will seek credit because the commission is about to make a report on prohibition. But the country will not doubt in the end that the President and the commission are functioning 8s promptly as possible in accordance with the President’s promise to tackle this vexing problem of prohi- bition enforcement. ©One of the recommendations made by the President and which is also to be made by the commission looks to the removal of the prohibition enforcement unit almost entirely from the Treasury Department to the Department of Jus- tice. Attorney General Mitchell, a dry Democrat, will be the head of prohibi- tlon enforcement under such circum- stances, in the same measure as Secre- tary Mellon of the Treasury Depart- ment may be said now to be its head. Once this change has been accomplished the Senators who have been demanding that Mr. Melion relinquish his job of prohibition enforcement will be out of & topic of conversation. mrtm Regardless of doubts as to its present effectuality, it is clear beyond question that prohibition is one of the most famous toples ever introduced into American politics. ———— Quackery and Radio. Two specific complaints of alleged quack medical advertising through the medium of radio have been laid before the Federgl Radio Commission by phy- slelans connected with the New York City Health Department. In one case the writer said the matter aiready has been taken up with the National Better Business Bureau, with the hope that the alleged fraudulent advertising may be stopped. Although the Radio Commission, by its own interpretation of the dutles of censorship, declares it has no authority to censor pregrams, it states that the ‘whole matter of broadcast program ex- cellence comes within its purview, and ing station license renewals must be had every three months. That procedure, in view of the limitation of censorship as interpreted by the Radio Commission, appears wise, since the commission thus may exercise a check- rein over any station four times each vear if the station programs are not regarded as of proper public interest. The claims of cures said to have been made over the radio on behalf of two| advertisers are said to constitute quack- ery. If the representatives of the New | York Health Department are right— and their professional reputations would appear to be at stake if they are not right—such advertising practices should | be stopped at once. By a peculiar twist | of the public mind. claims made by the medium of radio appear to bear the, stamp of authenticity. Many people im- | plicitly believe anything that is sent | out from a broadeasting station, without | taking the trouble to inquire as to its correctness. Newspapers and magazines no longer will tolerate quackery in their adver- tisements, But if quackery is permitted | to be advertised by radio, & new fleld | is opened up for illegitimate and vic- timizing fakery. The Federal Radio Commission should sift this matter to the bottom, and if radio stations con- tinue to permit fraudulent claims of cures to bs broadcast, some mean: should be found to check them. If nothing short of Tevocation of station license will do the trick, this extreme method should be invoked om positive proof of fraud. ———— The Nation’s Drainage Ditch. A plea to the Nation to be generous in its recognition of the emergency oharacter of the Mississippl Valley ficod control project is made by Senator Ransdell of Louisiana. The veteran legislator, who has been recognized as an authority for many years on the subject of flood control, in a National Radio Forum address, gives a graphic description of the immensity of the task, the vastness of the interests involved, and the need for speed. It is more than two hundred and 'Anl years since the first levees were built at New Orleans, to protect the place from the onrush of the waters of the mighty river, which Senator Ransdell rightly names the Nation's Drainage Ditch. Ever since that time the peoples of the States of the Mississippi Valley have put time, money and labor into defensive works against the river floods. ‘The Federal Government a half cen- tury ago created the Mississippl River Ccmmission to deal with the problem in a comprehensive way. But having taken that step, the Congress neglected to provide the money in Aul'llt:len'.I amounts to press the work to conclusion. In that interval there have been dis- astrous floods, causing the loss of thou- sands of lives and the destruction of hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of property. The Government's policy has in large measure .been short-sight- ed—a penny wise, pound foolish policy. ‘The time has come, as Senator Ransdell points out, to advance the work of flood control as though it were an emergency ‘measure. ‘The enactment of the flood control act of 1928 was & long step in the in- terest of the safety of the Mississippl Valley. That act takes upon the shoulders of the Federal Government in large measure the entire burden of working out this problem and of pre- venting devastating floods in the future. It authorizes the expenditure of $325, 000,000. The duty of Congress is to see that the work is pressed forward as rapidly as possible; that the appropri- ations be made as large as can well be expended fromd year to year, in ac- cordance with the authorization of the flood control act. Senator Ransdell voices the confi- dence of his people in President Hoover's ability to deal with the prob- lem of flood control. The problem is not new to the President, himself an engineer, It was Herbert Hoover who ‘went as the representative of the Fed- | eral Government to the inundated area in the grest valley when the greatest of all Mississippl River floods, that of 1927, tore its way through, causing the death of more than 200 persons and destroying property valued at $400,000,- 000. Mr. Hoover was a great factor in | the organization of flood relief. He learned st first hand the problems which confront the people of the val- | ley and the dangers. It is particularly fitting that this great engineering | project should go forward while he fii the Chief Executive of the Nation. Already, as Senator Ransdell points out, & real beginning has been made. It is the demand of the Louisiana Senator, who sees no partisan politics involved in the saving of the Mississippl Vllley1 from floods, that the work be prosecuted | so that it may be completed within a | decade—the period required for the construction of the Panama Canal ‘With so many pressing cares of di-, verse character demanding his atten- tton, Senator Borah could mot be ex- | pected to devote himself to organizing | a system of prohibition enforcement corresponding to his ideas. o A sculptor who endeavors to repro- duce the features of Ambassador Dawes is a little handicapped because rules of art forbid including the famous squat; pipe as the facial trait by which he is | very generally recognised. B Extraterritoriality. Abolition of extraterritoriality by Chinese mandate appears to be regard- ed by the powers at interest, the gov- ernments of the United States, Gieat | Britain, France, Japan and Holland, as unlikely of fulfillment. This Gov- ernment, for example, stands pat on the refusal of last August to lerminaie the rights under the trealy of 1903, which has still several years to run be- fore expiration. The reply given in August to the Nanking government expressed the desire of the Unifed States to be helpful and rympathetic toward China and proposed negotia- tions for the devising of & method for a gradual relinquishmept of extrater- riwrial rights. The Chiness govern. ment in Sepltember, while malutaining that the complete abolition of the rights would improve the friendly feel- ings between the two governments and peoples, agreed to the suggestion of further negotiations. Since then there that if the programs complained of are objectionable and not publicly accept- able. this may be considered as having & bearing on the application of & radio ptation for license remewal. Congress have been discussions, more or less in- formal in character, at the State De- partment between tae Chinese envoy and the Assistant Becretary of State, who, it may be said, has subsequently | soil or independence of administration. to China, ; Unquestionably the gradual aboli- tion of extraterritorial privileges in China is inevitable and desirable. A sudden cancellation of those treaty rights, without a dependable reform of the Chinese judicial system, would be disastrous. It is to the uterest of all the powers, in truth, that China should establish herself securely upon the basis of sound and responsibie government, competent to assure full and: exact justice to all foreigners and to protect the rights of other nationals than her own. Such a system, however, 1s not yet in sight. The very govern- ment at Nanking is uncertain of ten- ure. evolution and do not at present assure justice to Chinese themselves, let alone allens, ‘The United States has full and sin- cere sympathy with China's aspiration for complete independence. It has al- ways stood for the “open door” and has disapproved territorial aggressions and trespasses by other powers to the disadvantage of China. It cannot, of course, guarantee Chinese integrity of 1t must protect its own nationals who are engaged in legitimate business in China and in beneficial works of edu- @ation, mercy and enlightenment in #hat land. It is to be regretted that, probably for domestic political reasons, the Nan- king government has now issued its mandate against continued extrater- ritorial rights, a mandate which can- not conceivably be put into force with- out precipitating the gravest troubles, certain to set China back for decades in its development of modern responsi- ble government. ——— Gangsters Lost This Round. A fracas between Chicago detectives and gangsters Friday resulted quite differently from the usual encounter of reprgsentatives of the law with the un- derworld. Three racketeers, following up “negotiations” by mail and tele- phone, called, with guns in their hands, on an official of the Tire and Vulcan- izers' Union to collect $10,000. Five policemen came out of their hiding place in an adjacent room and called & halt to the proceedings. The gang- men opened fire, which was reciprocated promptly and with such good effect that in a few minutes all three of the “collectors” were dead, literally pep- pered with bullets while only one of the detectives was injured, with a slight wound in the hand. All of the dead men had criminal records. They were decidedly “bad” men. Usually in such encounters the law gets the worst of the case, but this was a clean sweep that may give encouragement to the law-abiding citizens of Chicago. i Speculation In the stock market can- | not be restrained by making loans ex- pensive. The gambler always belleves | that luck will turn and bring gains suf- ficient to render the expense of a new stake of no pérmanent importance. S ese e As an efficlency expert, President Hoover may be relied on to see to it| that the burning of offices does not pre- vent Government business from going| ‘The President’s Christmas dinner was & Joyous occasion, but the luncheon with Mr, Borah was probably more ex- citing. R ‘The lecturer once had a great vogue in this country—a vogwe which so dis- tinguished and accomplished a person- age as Karolyl may be able to revive. ST AR Members of the Byrd expedition are exempt from one uncertainty in their affairs: They know from day to day exactly what the climate is going to be. R E— Facilities for polar exploration have vastly improved; but not to an extent ‘The courts are in a process oli‘ THIS AND THAT _ BY CHARLES A man’s office never seems so quiet !as on the day after Christmas. Thousands of men find the old desk a perfect sanctuary after the hurly- burly of the Christmas tree, guests, candy, turkey. “Christmas comes but once a year— thank Heaven!" sighed many a man, | dropping with relief into the worn chair in front of his office desk. Here was peace and quiet, despite the peculiar rumbling of typewriters, (the whang of doors, the distant whirr of street cars, the sounds of automobile horns, the incessant clatter of messen- Rers. worry a sensitive worker, on the day |after Christmas took on aspects of | pleasure, | * k% % No doubt, a resumption of the rou- | tine of life helped account for the feel- ‘\nk which assailed the returned office man, Habit plays such a large ‘part in life that & slight break only is necessary to prove just how large & part it fills. One day’s absence and the world seems out of adjustment. Whether this feeling is a good one or not must de- pend upon the viewpoint of the indi- vidual, but no one can dispute the validity of the thing. When one settles into the customary jog of the day after Christmas, he ‘Sees as never before just how unsettling a day Christmas is. A merry, flustering day it was, filled with the shouts of children, the greet- ings of old Iriends, the unexpected calls from persons forgotten, perhaps the unexpected absence of some who might have been expected to drop in. But there was so much excitement that there was plenty of happiness for all, even in the homes from which chil- dren had departed or to which they had never come. If any one believed that the Christmases of such persons were but a “hollow mockery,” the opin- fon but showed the shallowness of youth and inexperience hiding behind | & mask of pretended omniscience. Christmas has in its depth of love & feeling of reverence which mixes strangely. yet gloriously, with all the ! Santa Claus play of the Yuletide and keeps the spirit of it true in every home where decent people abide who keep in their hearts a sense of the real mean- ing of the day—Christ rather than Santa Claus. * k% x ‘The first half hour or 0 in most offices | the day after Christmas was spent in reminiscences. One man told how his boy had received, among other pres- ents, a toy saxophone and a real ac- cordion, the latter from Germany. A friend of an older daughter, seiz- ing the accordion, played upon it so strenuously that at the peak of a melody it split exactly in half and she was left holding the treble in the right hand, the bass in the left. Or maybe it was the other way round. Another spoke of the many trips he had been forced to make in taking call- ers (who came by street car) back to the homes in his automobile, A third piped up to assert that although he had traveled eight miles to visit a friend with a car, the latter had not offered to take his bus out of the garage. A fourth hinted darkly that there were too many of his wife’s relations visiting him, but that aside from that little flaw it had been a very Merry Christmas, indeed. * ok ok Some complained that they had too tions in town, others that s were living all over the country, it was plain that the ma- jority were glad the day was over, despite its happiness. Few apparent Christmas neckbles Ordinary noises, which on some days | E. TRACEWELL. were on display the day after. Perhaps women are getting wiser and no longer stocking up on flashy neckwear, or may- | be it is the men who are growing more canny and are refusing to wear the neckties until a week or so later, when | no one will be interested. | _Despite the snow on the ground, the | first at Christmas time in several years, there were few sleds to be seen. Small girls this year went in for doll car- riages, some of which were large enough to hold real babies. Indicative of the | sophistication of the age was the in- | sistence of these small mothers on wheeling their dollies across the snow, rather than upon the cleaned sidewalks. ‘There seemed to be a general belief | the day after Christmas that the ex- | terfor lighting of homes, trees and last year. It appeared that some homes which last season had pretty displays | failed to put them up this year and that | those which had small electrical effects did rot add to them. The after-Christmas talkers indicated, too, that despite plethora of gocd things to eat, including turkey and candy, the great mainstays, there prob- ably was as little stuffing this season as in the history of the holiday. Not that there were not some persons | Who ate more than was good for them! The temptation offered by two, three or more big boxes of candy is well known. With the entire family home all day, and all making merry, it was the easiest and the most natural thing in the world for every one to take a plece of candy every few minutes, with the result that cven 5-pound boxss disappeared with smazing speed. The health education quarters, however, seemed to have got- ten in its good work, with a widespread cutting down on the intake of Christ- mas goodies. Even persons who attend- ed two or even three Christmas din- ners, with perhaps an afternoon tea sandwiched in, ate lightly. There was, therefore, & minimum of after-Christmas grouch. A careful in- spection of several offices showed a gen- eral ppreciation of the peace and quiet of office habit, but falled to bring to | light any severe cases of the Yuletide blues. * K K K Nor did the day after Christmas show | the usual number of disappointments with presents. While many persons seemed to think that not as much money had been spent this year as last, that is a matter for statistics, to be complled later. ‘What seemed sure on the surface was that there had been better spending of such money as was spent. More care seemed to have been exercised in fitting the present to the recipient, with the result that there was everywhere more satisfaction with gifts received. A careful consideration by the donor of the gift and the one to whom it was o be given resulted in pleasing him or her with a minimum expenditure. It is wonderful what braips can do! A careful choice of a present costing a dollar often more surely results in pleasure than the careless expenditure of many times that amount in an fll chosen present. These are facts known to every one. ‘What is interesting is that more persons seem to have acted in accordance with them than ever before in the history of Christmas giving. There was a period almost of extravagant madness, during which money flone indicated anything. ‘That period seems ended—perhaps that was why the day after Christmas seemed so quiet and happy, rivaling the great day itself. Surely there is no reason why Christmas should not, but every reason why Christmas should, carry its unique blessings into the days that follow. Newspapers laud the court decision In Chicago in favor of Willlam McAn- drew, superintendent of schools, Who was ousted by the board of education on charges now thrown out by the court. McAndrew was accused of in- subordination and use of text books which were alleged to present pro-Brit- ish propaganda. “Dr. McAndrew did not need this formal vindication,” in the opinion of the Chicago Daily Tribune. “He stood higher perhaps in the esteem of the sincere men and women of Chicago after his illegal dismissal at the hands of the school board than he did before. But the court’s rebuke of the school that prevents the rescue expedition from being a frequent incident. ———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Meal Ticket. Bill Smithers toiled from day to day, While Mrs. Bill longed to be gay. But, by the news sensations taught, A shooling gallery she sought. 8aid Bill, “Although my personal style Awakens your contemptuous smile, “Pause for a second thought, I pray, And throw that little gat away. “Don’t let the bullets aimed so straight Promiscuously perforate! “It 18 to me you owe the fact That eating schedules are exact. “You've breakfasted and dined and lunched— tickets should not punched!” Meal thus be Meeting & Test, “You attribute extraordinary practi- cal knowledge to your colleague who won the election contest?” “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Por what reason?” “Well, in the first place, he knew enough to get the job.” Jud Tunkins says the difference be- tween him and the men who went broke in the market is that he was broke in the first place. Unsatisfactory Understudy. They tried, the greatest and the least, To do full justice to the feast. All sadly we complain, because ‘The doctor is no Santa Claus. Learning His Own Intentions, “Are you going %0 buy a new car?" “I'm not sure,” answered Mr. Chug- gins, “but I suspect I am. My wife has suspended interest in the fashions in clothes and is studying the new motor models.” “He who boasts,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “often has more imagination than courage or industry.” The New Year Cherub, The tiny child of New Year day In twelve months will look old and queer, No child could grow, the barbers say, ‘That long white beard in one short year, “De tricky man,” sald Uncle Eben, “is sure, sooner or later, to meet up wif somebody ickier dan he is.” Womr board removes the merits of the tragic incident beyond all contention and ex- poses beyond refutation the motives. Dr. McAndrew was the one obstacle to the invasion of the school treasury by the machine. Furthermore, he was an impassable obstacle. So long as Dr. McAndrew remained in charge of the educational system the school funds would be administered properly, * * * Immediately after the expulsion of the distinguished superintendent the great raid upon the school was started. Ap- pointments to the educational and ad- ministrative departments were dictated by precinct captains, Capable and ex- perienced members of the school system were dismissed to make room for elec- tion hustlers.” L The New York Sun remarks that “the absurdity of the charges against Wil- liam McAndrew made no court ruling necessary,” and “the decision of the Illinois Superior Court” simply con- firmed “the opinion always held by dis- interested observers.” “Previously the man who had been the chief witness against the superin- tendent confessed that he did not know what he was talking about, and apolo- gized to & prominent historian whose lefi book had been used as the basis of the political campaign,” records the South Bend Tribune, * * * “As is usual when politicians play foot ball with a school system, the public is left hold- ing the bag. Chicago taxpayers have lost the services of perhaps the ablest superintendent of schools that ever functioned in that city. The taxpayers can't sue for damages, and McAndrew probably wouldn't return to Chicago for any money. Thus satisfaction with the outcome Of the case is restricted to a very small group.” * K kX “As a result of that decision,” accord- ing to the Terre Haute Star, “the for- mer official is in position to sue the city i for back pay amounting to about $6,000, but he has announced that no such action will be taken, vindication being the sole aim in pressing the case. The court’s ruling, of course, was noth- ing but & legal formality. The people of Chicago and the country generally have known all along that McAndrew was not guilty of the charges.” The Rockford Star stales that it is “happy to witness a good man’s vindication,” recalling that “there was a spirited battle over the ouster of the educator, who had been brought from New York City to direct the Chicago school sys- tem,” but that he was removed “under a barrage of trumped-up charges, Since his removal,” continues the Star, “Mr. McAndrew has been endeavoring to be vindicated. Court action gives him this long-sought satisfaction. The Superior Court did not think it pertinent to ex- smine the alleged pro-British text books which served to remove the superin- tendent from office, and squashed all records of the disgraceful affair.” * ok K % “Mr, McAndrew, having come in from a distant part of the country, and nat- urally being ignorant of the Chicago way of doing things in schools and poli- tics,” says the Kansas City Times, “made his initial blunder by checking the school graft which local politicians had practiced for years. That was un- pardonable, but obviously the superin- tendent not be brought to trial on that kind of issue. There must be a real issue. It was found in the in- Evils of Politics in Schools Attacked in McAndrew Case subordination and pro-British charges. Mr. McAndrew now s, through his attorney, that he will not bring suit. * * * It will be worth the price if it helps to emphasize the folly and disas- ter of political meddiing with the schools—in Chicago or elsewhere.” ook % Noting that the original hearing “at- tracted attention all over the country,” the Manchester Union refers to the de- cision by Judge Hugo Pam that McAn- drew was “not guilty of the ‘acts of insurbordination’ advanced as reason for his removal from office,” and con- cludes that the effect on the prestige of the alleged head of the machine “would be greater had he not meanwhile met & number of other setbacks, jolts and disasters of one sort or another.” The Racine Journal-News comments: “While it has been a long time coming, former Supt. McAndrew of the Chicago public schcols can well take satisfaction in the recent court action which has so amply vindicated him. The decision declares the school board had no right to try him on the charges preferred. McAn- drew rightly refused to draw the salary due him. “The court was silent on the specific charge that attracted our interest,” says the Salina Journal. “Are or were the text books in the Chicago schools pro-British? The specific charge in Mr. McAndrew’s case applied only to Chicago. But at that time muck-rakers were abroad in the land to point out that the case was the same in all the public schools the country over.” ——————— Togo, Siberian Huskie, Set Standard for Men From the Portland Oregon Journal. ‘Through blizzards and cyclonic winds in the white silence of the North, Togo, | & Siberian huskle with a strain of fox in his blood, rushed, as leader of an Alaskan dog team, to carry serum for the relief of Eskimos and whites who were dying from a diphtheria epidemic in 1925 at Nome. America was startled by the exploit, Leonard Seppala, a noted dog team driver, volunteered to go to the rescue and raced his team 245 miles with a | sledload of serum which he delivered | to Gunnar Kasson, another dog team driver, who carrfed it the remaining 120 miles to its destination, ‘When homeward-bound, Togo broke away and disappeared among the ghost- ly drifts and white forms of the land- scape. The exclamation of Seppala at the loss of Togo is & key to his love of the big huskie. It was: T 3 wouldn’t take $500 for Togo, who is always dependable and Who's now gone!” But Togo came back and lived to win more races, some Wwith the elements, some against other dog teams. With & strain of fox in his blood,. Togo was invaluable as a trail-breaker, and was the leader in races more than a dozen times. But the clock has struck for Togo. He was retired (WO years ago and went, into & health decline. In the Peabody Museum, New Haven, Togo, mounted and lifelike, will stand in a characteristic pose, while a plaque will tell in brief the glorious story of his_heroism. lot some men could learn . sen o Catting Comment, From the Butte Daily Poat. Now that Russia has started making razors, the next inevitable step would seem to be the building of a hair mat- tress factory. vonm That’s Asking Too Much. From the Ottawa Journal, Another thing that the world needs is an alarm clock that kn hether the boss will be in mo:io:m- you show up, & | shrubs was not up to the standard set | |tory of Psychology.” o have got. | World, whom he stimulated to impor- THE LIBRARY TABLE | By the Booklover Aristotle recognized three levels of functioning in man—the nutritive, the appetitive, and the rational or thinking function. These he called the plant) soul, the animal soul, and the human soul. Descartes defined mind as think- ing substance and body as extended substance, and made th.m subject to entirely different laws. Spinoza con- | sidered emotions as a struggle in the human being for self-protection or self- realization. John Locke denied the ex- istence of innate ideas, and belleved that all knowledge is derived through the senses. Leibnitz, on the other hand, believed that there must be general ideas in the mind in advance of experi- ence. Berkeley was the first philoso- pher “specifically to deny the existence of the.external world.” Hume traced the return of impressions as ideas to association. Kant taught that the soul itself is never known, and that outside | B objects are never known directly. John Stuart Mill suggested the term "mental chemistry” to describe the fusion which takes place among various elementary | sensations and ideas coming together. Lotze represented mind as enthroned in the _cerebrum, receiving messages from all parts of the body through the sur- face nerves. The systems of all these psychologists and many _others are briefly summarized by W. B. Pillsbury, professor of psychology in the Univer- sity of Michigan, in his book, “The His- * ok ok % The beginning of experimental psy- chology in the modern sense came, ac- cording to Prof. Pillsbury, with Fechner and Wundt in Germany. Wundt, who had many pupils from all over the tant investigations, “soon reached a position of pre-eminence in the psy- chological world that was challenged by few.” Among his American students were G. Stanley Hall and James Mc- Keen Cattell. “In his “Physiological Psychology” Wundt discusses sensation and feeling as the elements of mind, perceptions as combinations of sensa- tions and memories, emotions as the cause of actions, and apperception, sometimes synonymous with will, “Wundt's most important influence on psychology was in giving it an experi- mental turn. His ideal was to confirm each statement by experiment and to rely upon proved fact as the real datum of the science. Many different types of experiments were carried out by him- self and his students.” L In the sections on Freud, Jung and Adler the modern psychological terms bandled about in general conversation S0 profusely today, with or without com- prehension of them, are defined. We are told the origin choanalysis,” “the uncon- scious,” “libido,” “upper self,” “conver- slon neurosis,” “compulsion’ neurosis,” “anxlety neurosls,” “suppressed desires,” plex,” riority complex.” Prof. Pillsbury’s com- ment on Freud and his psychology- is as follows: “It must be said that to an outsider many of Freud's conclusions seem to be based on the assumption that if you cap't prove that they are false they must'be true.” And “Freud's doctrine was variously received in vari- ous circles, and has been for two or three decades the center of a contro-| versy between devout apostles and| scoffing opponents. He had a small fol- lowing at home, but not in academic circles. In England and America, espe- clally in America, the cliniclans tended to accept him, if with modifications., while the psychologists were mostly in- credulous. In Prance the older Charcot school and Janet held the field, so that Freud's doctrine made little headway, and in Germany there were far more | scoffers than followers. Gradually its admitted practitioners are becoming fewer and fewer and the ardor of those who were disciples is cooling.” * ok k% ‘The three brothers of the Powys fam- ily—John Cowper, Theodore and Llew- elyn—might be used as good illustra- tive material by eugenists. All are writers of distinctive kinds of work. “'Wolf Solent,” the recent novel of John Cowper Powys, belongs to the type of fiction which represents states of con- sciousness rather than events. Wolf Solent has reached maturity without accomplishing an approach to success, but this fact does not greatly concern him. He leaves London and goes to & Dorset village, the old home of his pa: ents, where his father has died in pov- erty and disgrace. There he earns a meager living by writing & more or less salaclous local history for the squire, who has for years collected the mate- rial. He is rather ashamed of his job, and Inwardly struggles to free himself from it, but circumstances in which he allows himself to become entangled seem to prevent him from being what he considers his real self. There is a ceaseless conflict between his inner con- sclousness, which he never himself wholly understands, and outside reality which he comes to think of as hostile. His mother, a courageous, irresponsible pagan; Gerda, a village girl, for whom he feels physical passion; Christie, his intellectual love; his friend, Darnley Otter, for whom he has a complex, un- stable affection; Squire Urquhart, his sinister employer, and the haunting presence of both his dead, discreditable father and his mysterious predecessor in the squire’s empioy, Redfern—are all part of the mesh of life which seems to entangle him. He is not a man of ac- tion, but is distinctly a of moods and doubts. He spends much of his time in walking about the countryside and from King's Barton to a neighbor- ing village, stopping for tea with dif- ferent acquaintances, always apparently in the hope that something will occur which will clarify his thought and help him to knowledge of himself and the meaning of his life. Nothing does hap- pen. At the end of 14 months he is still uncertain whether he despises or sym- pathizes with his dead father; whether he loves his mother with a primitive love exceeding all other loves, or hates her for the demands she makes upon him; whether he needs Gerda or Chris- tie more. Of one thing he seems sure— that the beautiful Dorset country, when he is with it alone, is his solace. “No scent had they in themselves (a patch of celandines), but as he pressed his forehead into the cold roots of the gress around them and smell of the earth, sucked up through mouth and nostrils, entered into the very nerves of his soul with a long, shivering, restor- ative poignance.” * Kk x % “Here in an atmosphere of the Old ‘World lived rich and cultured men and women; here was a community which was indeed luxurious, with its Ta, its theater, music, balls, its gambiing, its bullfights and its circus—a city of men who inherited the Latin traits of both nations; flery men who loved pleasure, men who lived for excitement, men who enjoyed any game that stirred the senses.” This is a description of New Orleans life before the Civil War from “Fabulous New Orleans,” by Lyle Saxon. It is the old romantjc New Orleans which interests Mr. Saxon, not the modern business city which has grown up in recent years. He lingers over Canal street, the old French quarter, the Mardi Gras, the Vieux Carre, pic- turesque Negro sections, haunted he he cafes, the beautiful Creoles, and always just beyond the levee Mississippl flowing by on its eternal way.” i Kok % “London Nights in the Gay Nineties,” by Shaw Desmond, recreates the Lon- don of long before the World War, the London of horses and hansom cabs, music halls, women with waist lines, Irving and Terry, and the Boer War. It is a sad book, though a vivacious and amusing one, because the author so re- grets the passing of the nineteenth cen- tury. To him the automoblile is a poor substitute for the horse. He says: “And through it all the scent of the horse dung, that lar, g«ut scerit of the London t. Oh, its magic once again!” the | South America has got into the habit ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS \ BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ‘This newspaper puts at your disposal| a corps of trained researchers in Wash- | ington who will answer questions for | you. They have access to the Govern- ment departments, the libraries, mu- seums, galleries and public bulldings, | and to the numegous associations which | maintain headquirters in the Nation's Capital. If they can be of assistance to | you, write your question plainly and send with 2 cents in coin or stamps to | The Evening Star Information Bureau, Prederic J. Haskin, director, Washing- | ton, D, C. Q. How large are the average snow- flakes?>—G. E. | A. Prof. Wilson A. Bentley, pioneer photographer of snow crystals, says that the average snowflake is one-tenth of an inch in diameter, Qé How fast can a person think?— A. The speed of nerve impulses is 404 feet per second. If an idea is compli- cated enough to take 100 nerve mes- sages from one side of the brain to the other, the thought could be completed in less than one-tenth of a second. Q. What is the English-Speaking Unlon?—G. H. A. 1t is an organization one of the purposes of which is the promotion of the English language. Q. Is it easier for a parrot to learn to talk by hearing a man’s or a wom- an’s voice?—C. A. L. A. As a rule a parrot will learn quicker from hearing a woman's voice, bu: quickest of all by hearing a child’s volce, Q. What is meant by the “establish- ment of the port?”"—C. T. A. The Naval Observatory says high water occurs 50 minutes later each day | fourths of bump are injured and some even killed. Nature's way to cure the place where the injury occurred is to fill it with blood. The little white cells of the blood take up and carry away the dead tissues and fill this place with blood which causes the swelling. Q. How old is the practice of tarring and feathering?—R. G. A. This method of punishment is as old as the Crusades. The earliest men- tion of the punishment occurs in the orders of Richard Coeur de Lion, issued to his navy on starting for the Holy Land in 1191. Historians think it prob- able that this punishment was never regarded as legalized, but was always a type of mob violence. Q. Is there a difference between n disinfectant and an antiseptic?—H. V. R, A. A disinfectant differs from an an- tiseptic in that it is not supposed to come in actual contact with a living person. Q. How much of our population is over weight?—F. D. B. A. Dr. Lulu Peters says that three- the population of this coun- try is over weight. Q. How does one join the Royal Geo- graphical Society?—C. M. A. By invitation. Q. Why are certains words in the Bible italicized without any apparent reason?—D. E. A. Italics are used in cases where it seemed necessary to use additional words to make the translation from the original manuscript intelligible to the readers of the English text. Q. What country is called the Land of a Thousand Lakes?—L. B. A. Finland. Eleven per cent of the surface of this country consists of es. on an average. High water follows the | oy transit of the moon across the meridian of any place by a certain interval, which is known as the “establishment of the port.” This interval is approximately the same throughout the year for any one place, but differs widely for dif- ferent places, Q. Over what parts of the United Bh;te.ndlfl.:‘l:idbuflllo uuro.m?——!. M. . It T over greater of North America. Its natural hmqne rrohnly was the grassy plain extend- ng from Texas to Great Slave Lake, but it is known to have lived in New York and Virginia and to have roamed West as far as the Sierra Nevada Range. Q. What was known as speckled Jack in Civil War days?>—B. C. P, A. common fleld pea, which was one of the mainstays of the Southern people, was 50 called. Gen. Lee is said to have called it “the Confederacy's best friend.” saltiest?—] . 8. A. The salinity of the Atlantic Ocean varies. The maximum salinity occurs in two areas—one in the North Atlantic near_the African coast; the other in the South Atlantic north of the Tropie of Capricorn, near the South Ame; coast. The range of salinity is from 3.70 to 3.75 per cent. Q. Why does & bump follow a knock | on the head instead of a dent?—A. T. A. When a person bumps his head, the soft tissues covering the bone are elastic and are stretched like rubber. While at the time of the bump there is a dent, the tissues straighten out again, but some of these on the side of the Q. Where }l ;he Atlantic Ocean the rican | said of this chorus Q. Is ice cream or pie the more pop- ular dessert in America?—G. J. A. Both are considered typically American, but ple is given first place among desserts popular in America. Q. What kind of poison did the In- dians use on their arrows?—A. E. A. The Bureau of Ethnology says that the arrow poison used by the In- dians was of vegetal and animal origin. Among the vegetal poisons there were the sap of the yucca angustifolia, a preparation of aconite, and a plant called mago, the milk of which was poison. Some tribes, such as the Shoshoni and Bannock Indians, secured a deer and caused it to be bitten by a rattlesnake. The deer was then killed and allowed to putrefy. Then the arrows were dip- ped into the putrid matter, A% Was Benjamin Disracll a Jew?— A, He was born in the Jewish fal but became a Christian in his youth, i Q. _What is ) — iy & capella chorus?. A." To sing a capella is to sing with- :utl‘lfi ;ceomp-.n}me;tm’nll‘e term is pplied, for example, e chorus from Hampton College, Ham , Va. It is t it sings a capella. Q. When Atlantic cables are laid, does the ship carrying the cable start from America or Europe?—T. R. A. Specially equi) vessels are em- ployed to transatlantic cables. Two vessels generally start, each wi - hluholwt::: uble.wfrom :‘le :gp::lie poin connected, and meet about midocean, where the cable s joined. Trade Growth in South America Seen as Help to BY JUNIUS.B. WOOD. Correspondence of The Star. The rapid advance of the United States from third to first place in the markets of Latin America is one of the marvels of commerce.. Before the war Great Britain led, with Germany next and the United States considerably be- hind, but in third place. During the war the European countries were cut off from South America and the United States supplied their needs. However, in the 10 succeeding years they have waged a vigorous merchandising cam- paign to recover these markets, and their trade now is greater than it was before. That of the -United States is even larger, which, with other countries holding their own, is what makes the situation unique. B ‘The trade of Latin American has in- creased enormously since the war and practically all of this increase has been Wwith the United States. This country's inroads into the established lines of .'m: an oonnmu h:‘\lve' been much smaller than is generally supposed or what these countries pretend. British commercial organizations refer to the American figures, recall the dominant position which their country once held and complain that “trade with the United States has been taken somebody, and it must have been taken from us.” ‘The facts are that it has not been taken from anybody, but is almost en- tirely a new growth. It is not even justifiable to infer that Britain would have got it if the United States had not. Germany might have benefited, for its commercial policy is midway between that of England and the United States. British commercial methods follow closely what has been so satisfactory as a colonial policy in less enlightened generations—“Keep them clean and or- ‘d;efl!. but don't let them get any new ‘The exporter from the United States has suggested more ideas than these reoegun countries can keep up with, He has created new demands through much the same methods that have been successful in the United States. The Latin-American countries have respond- ed and he has filled their orders. Things which not so many years ago were con- sidered novelties now are looked upon as_necessities. That is why automobiles, trucks, ag- ricultural machinery, sewing machines, movies, typewriters, office appliances, phonographs, patented wall board and many other lines—comparatively new to Latin America—find such a ready mar- ket in those countries. The American salesman has pushed them and at the same time has done his share in sup- plying the long established demands in other lines, Every country in South America is spending milllons for bullding rural roads and paving city streets. Good roads make automobiles and trucks practical as well as convenient and mofor transportation creates a demand for more roads. American-make cars practically monopolize the automobile business--pleasure cars, taxicabs, busses and trucks. Incidentally the bobtailed taxicabs used in the United States have been tried in South America and dis- carded. A taxicab there must be a touring car, as sumptuous in appear- ance as a private rolling palace. South American trade demands the best and the latest. As good car serv~ ice can be obtained there as in the United States. Two of the big automo- bile factories have nine assembly plants in cities in Brazil, while their similar plants in Buenos Alres age as large as any city of the United S| of using American cars and it will be hard to change. Utility, price and quality are the big underlylng causes, but it is also a temperamental market subject to influences which are not no- ticed in the United States. One agent sold a lot of cars for taxi- cabs and then realized that he had lost the rest of his market because other buyers feared they might be hailed on the streets by ‘prospective fares, An- other made easy installment terms which appealed to those on modest sal- aries for whom meant months skimping, .ndn Pros- perous cash purchasers stopped buying. A third was one of the man-about-town U. S. Since War ent for “sweeties” until he discovered that stald married men no longer bought that make because wives and daughters would not ride in it. ‘The mof plcture has been & po- tent faetor in the commercial expansion of the United States. That also has been the latest. Even the “talkie” is there, popular and intriguing to an au- dience which understands only Spanish or Portuguese. The aves person in South America has a better idea of life in the United States, somewhat exagger- ated and sentimental, drawn from the movies, than those in this country have :'t‘ South Amgnmcn. n:do‘vle theaters oc- py & more important part in public entertalnment than here,p.ror mw cities theatrical performances are few T, du & year. With pictures and salesmanship have come styles from the United States. It may be in clothes or break- fast foods or in more substantial im- provements—bungalows in the semi- tropical regions and steel construction skyscrapers in the citles. It spreads out into innumerable lines. An idea is tried; it becomes popular or fashion- able. The old way is abandoned and soon there is a thriving market— canned fruits, sterilized milk delivered in bottles, refrigerated meat and dozens of others which were never thought of or considered necessary a few years ‘While this has been a receptive mar- ket and well supplied with energetic local houses which want to introduce any new article under the sun, it has uot been occupled by the United States witheut salesmanship. Aside from the larger corporations, such as automo- biles, heavy machinery and operating concessions, nearly all American manu- facturers are represented by local com- panies of the same nationality as the country in which they are located. The chief work of the American salesmen is to instruct these eager representa- tives about the article and introduce the ballyhoo of American sales methods. With the electric signs on building tops of Sao Paulo or Santiago adver- tising automobiles, these cities at night. look like a boulevard in the United States. Avenida . Florida in Buenos Alres is a crimson canyon of red s in front of every store. Bargain sales, preinventory sales, clearance sales, everything 1s there just like home. Latin America’s ideals are western, not of Europe. A continent's habits of centuries are rapidly changing, and despite the protests from abroad and by the diminishing older generation at home, it is adopting the ideas and com- ing closer to the United States. ——r—e— Story of Dog Devotion Should Be Let Alone From the San Prancisco Chronicle. Authentic sources seem to verify the story that a hound caught in a trap in New Hampshire was fed for eight days by an Airedale that food to the prisoner. But if the story had only a flimsy basis we should still like to_believe it. ‘We hope that no hard-boiled pur- suer of nature fakes will take it into his head to run this story to earth. The world would be so0 much 'the poorer if the story should be proved untrue. Whether or not it actually happened is not so important. It is good allegory at any rate. It is one of those things which should be true 5 it :;x' and w‘rx:lch would be true - 's Teasoning powers were As reliable as his affections. ‘We choose not to go any further into the subject. ————— It Seems Logical. From the Byracuse Heral Now that the Auburn Prison army is to be armed with gas bomb guns, the prisoners may be expected to wear g8s masks in future outbreaks. Two Senators May Lead Them. From the Akron Beacon Journal. If Senator Nye and Senator can get together on a tariff bill, is yet hope for the conference that is trying to find the way to world peace. »