Evening Star Newspaper, September 28, 1929, Page 6

| i V g * {THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. * WASHINGTON, D. C. BATURDAY ....September 28, 1020 THEODORE W. NOYEE,...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Office: ¥ ness 3 P ivanis Ave, New Bork Omce: 110 East 43nd St. ©hicago Office: Lake Michigan Building. European Office; 14 Regent St.. Londen the City. ouemrgmth 60c per month 65 per raonth of each month, Collection made at fhe end of eac i Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo. 15 Sunday only All Other States and Canada. Dafly and Sunday..l yr.$12.00; 1 mo, $1.00 Daily only . 1y Sunday only’ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all rews dis- patches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ifed in this paper and also the local 1ews published herein. ghts of publication of special dispatches herein are slso veserved. 1mo, 7 $5.00; 1 mo., 80C American Shipping. The vital need of an adequate mer- chant marine to carry a proper share of American commerce has been drummed into the ears of the public ever since the World War. Gradually the people have become more “ship- minded” and have awakened to the need. More and more American cap- ital has been invested in shipping. Shipbuilding has been on the up- grade. A lessening of American in- terest in shipping or an undercurrent of opposition to the further develop- ment of the American merchant marine, should it grow out of the in- vestigation now being conducted by the Senate into certain activities of a hired lobbyist and some of the ship- ! building companies, would be a real misfortune. The merchant marine has fought an uphill battle, It has had opposition even in American quarters, because of the large sums of American capital invested in foreign shipping, and because there has been a cult in this country which holds that it should permit other nations to have its carry- ing trade. Congress finally has put (hrough legislation, the Jones-White merchant marine act, which is proving an as- sistance to ‘American shipping, as it | was intended to do. Before such legis- | lation was possible, a real campaign of education was required regarding the need of American shipping, under the American flag, both for the purpose. of carrying American commerce and as an auxiliary to the national defense in the event of war. Certain officials of the shipbuilding companies now under investigation have testified that large sums of money were expended by them in such a campaign of education. Economists, important members of uni- versity faculties, engineers were among those employed to aid in the campaign of education and to develop plans for American shipping. There has been no evidence that money was expended in an improper way to influence votes in Congress on legislation, This country could well afford to build & merchant marine through Gov-: ernment agency and maintain it, if there were no other way of providing an American merchant marine, But | the American idea has always been to give as free rein as possible to private initiative and to keep the Government out of business. The effort has been, therefore, to bring about the develop- ment of a privately owned and privately operated merchant marine. This has been the avowed purpose of Congress in its legislative acts. It has been the purpose of the Coolidge administration and of the present administration. It is to that end that the United States Shipping Board has labored. Any effort. growing out of the present Senate investigation, to place a stum- bling block in the way of merchant | shipping advance in this country would | be a serious mistake. It has been charged that three American ship- building companies employed William B. Shearer to lobby at the Geneva naval limitation conference in 1927 and to seek in various ways to create an fll| feeling between this country and Britain to the end that there should be no agreement at the conference. If they did so, they should be censured in the strongest terms. The law, perhaps, cannot reach them. Public opinion doubtless will do so. The American people will back an agreement for limitation of naval armament, provid- ed the agreement includes parity in naval strength with Great Britain. They will not agree to less. But the charge against Shearer and the shipbuilders is to the effect that they sought to pre- vent any agreement at all, with or with- out such parity. Whatever comes of the present Senate inquiry, it will be devoutly hoped by Americans who have American interests at heart that it will not retard the de- velopment of the merchant marine. ——————————— A gentleman who finds a flask under his chair at a dinner party is wise if he ignores the contents and devotes his attention to the songs and reci- tations. ——————————— Efforts are being made to prevent banquets from undertaking to solve so- cial and political problems at the same time. - —o——— Rothstein Case “Politics. Though the bringing up of the Roth- stein case in New York by anti-Tam- many candidates for mayor has been ridiculed as “just politics,” it is evident that the move is pretty good “politics” at that. For District Attorney Banton, who is one of the objects of attack by sandidate Enright, after poohpoohing the former police commissioner’s assertions, | has suddenly decided to bring to im- mediate trial one of the two men under indictment for the killing of the gam- bler, without waiting for the capture of his associate, now a fugitive. He is to ask on Monday for a special panel of talesmen from which to select a jury for the trial of McManus, and states that he will press action with all expedi- tion. He expects to get the trial started the second week in October, which would make possible a verdict before election. Heretofore the district attorney has justified the delaying of the trial of McManus on the ground that it would be impossible to obtain a conviction if he were tried alone and that it was nec- essary to wait until the missing Biller was caught and returned to New York in order that the two defendants might be brought before a jury together. There has never been any specific ex- planation of this proposition. Now it will be up to the district attorney to conduct the most thorough trial possi- ble. If he fails to make a case he may be accused of intentional slackness in the prosecution in order to vindicate his often-repeated excuse for a delay. At the same time no prosecuting officer can ever guarantee a verdict. It is quite unlikely that the defendant in this case will be accommodating enough to plead guilty or to put up such a defense as to insure a verdict of conviction in or- der to save the district attorney's face. This trial will be followed with the most intense interest by all New York, both because of the circumstances of the crime and because of its bearing upon the municipal campaign. Charges are flying thick and fast. They refer to loans made to high officials, to one judge in particular, by or through Roth- stein. The late gambler seems to have been a very busy person in establishing relations with public men—relations that savor of illegitimacy. Intimation is dis- tinctly conveyed that some of the “higher-ups” in New York do not con- sider his taking off as a crime. The Rothstein case, indeed, may prove as troublesome as the slaying of Rosenthal about fifteen years ago. B The Relentless Duce. 11 Duce has just shown for the hun- dredth time that the way of the anti- Mussolini transgressor is indeed hard. Caesare Rossi, once a power in the Fascist organization and chief of its press bureau when the Black Shirts seized Rome seven years ago, was yes- terday sentenced to thirty years' im- prisonment. He was convicted of con- spiracy to overthrow the Fascist regime in Italy, A phrase in the cable dispatch re- porting Rossi's sentence conveys more than meets the eye. “The special tri- bunal before which offenses against the state are tried,” 1t says, “presided over by Gen. Cristini, took only half an hour to reach its verdict.” The ways of Italian justice, where the “state” is Mussolini, are thus seen to be swift- | ness personified. “L'etat c'est moi!” said a King of France on an immortal occasion. History repeats itself in the Eternal City. Mussolini, as dictators are bound to do, has quarreled intermittently with many once-trusted lieutenants. Most of them have gone the way independent spirits are frequently condemned to tread in such circumstances—to ob- livion or worse. Rossi's chief crime against the Fascist czar was his accu- sation, made on the exile soil of France, that Mussolini himself was responsible for the murder of Matteotti, the first of the anti-Fascist Italian politicians vigorously to challenge the Duce’s auto- cratic power, Matteotti was done to death in the streets of Rome in the Spring of 1924 after being kidnaped from his home. Arrests were made, a trial ensued, and convictions were decreed; but the guilty were mere stool pigeons and regained their liberty after short prison terms for “un- intentional homicide.” Rossi himself, indicted as ringleader of the Matteotti conspiracy, was imprisoned for eighteen months, and *hen fled to France under | a decree of amnesty. Rossi, as claimed at his recent trial, was spirited into Italy from his foreign refuge in order that the Fascists might seize and try him for his perniclous| anti-Mussolini activities abroad. The| prosecution admitted the interception | of coded correspondence showing that! Rossi had been in constant correspond- ence with foes of Fascism in Italy and abroad. f It is difficult to doubt that in putting | Caesare Rossi behind the bars for the rest of his natural life, Mussolini has done anything but rid himself forever of yet another implacable foe, Once' again Italy and the world at large have proof of the iron grip which he re!ains) upon his country's government. It| bears increasing evidence of being a stranglehold. Like the Russian,Soviet, the Mussolini autocracy is periodically condemned by political prophets to ig- nominious collapse, but the Rossi affair proves that the hand of the dictator is not yet palsied. —————— “Safety first” is an obsolete motto. When one airplane falls, there are dozens with a waiting list of passen- gers. — e, Stage hands assert the power to close theaters. The temperamental artist is not so hard to deal with as the tem- peramental scene shifter. v King George goes for a ride on horse- back and has rather better equestrian luck than his popular son. R e e Y Alphabet Reforms. Mustapha Kemal Pasha, the ruler of Turkey, has, through his complacent legislative body at Angora, prohibited the further use of the Arabic alphabet and decreed the use of the Roman. He gave the Turkish people warning of this action to enable them to learn the new symbols of communication and establish schools for their teaching. The transition was apparently effected with little difficulty. But it now appears that the Turkish people are not uni- formly obedient to the decree and are in effect “bootlegging” Arabic despite the law. Here is another case where prohibition is not prohibiting with full effect. A dispatch from Adapazar states | that an old woman and three Moham- medan priesis have been jailed to await trial for clandestinely teaching the old alphabet. The woman, it is stated, had sixty pupils in the cellar of her house, while the priests were teaching divin- ity students in the Mosque of Mohammed the Conqueror at Stamboul. The dis- patch further states that no edition of the Koran in the new alphabet has yet | been published. Thus it appears that Kemal's highly lauded stroke of changing the basis of the Turkish language has not been as successful as heretofore believed. Per- haps the fact that the Koran has not | been printed in the new alphabet may hove something to do with the surrepti- tious teaching of Arabic. Literacy in Turkey i at a low point, being confined mainly to the mercantile and priestly classes. It was to have been expected that the former would for business rea- sons comply with the new order and ac- quire the Roman alphabet. But the others were certain to be more con- servative and to cling to the old form, | the U. S. A. has much more to do than particularly if the Koran was not pre- sented in Roman letters, In this connection it is of interest to note that a movement is in progress in Japan for the adoption of the Roman alphabet in replacement of the “char- acter” form that has prevailed ever since the Japanese began their, cultural development. Japanese characters are of Chinese origin, somewhat modified and changed. They are very difficult to learn. For some years the study of English has been promoted in the pub- lic educational system of Japan, with the result that a great many Japanese are now qipte efficlent in that language in both writing and speaking. The pro- ponents of the Roman alphabet, who include some of the leading educators of Japan. urged that this reform will facilitate the wider use of English by the Japanese people, which is considered to be an advantageous development for the sake of trade relations. In Japan, unlike Turkey, a high percentage of literacy prevails. and an alphabetic re- form will therefore be the casier of ac- complishment. o Bad Judgment in Barcelona. Recently a Barcelona business firm sent a letter to the Italian Chamber of Commerce in answer to an invitation to establish trade connections with Italian houses and employed language as fol- lows: “We cannot enter into commercial relations with you while there is no change in the Italian political regime.” It is to be assumed from developments that the Itallan Chamber of Commerce called the letter to the attention of of- ficials, who carried it to Mussolini, who in turn had it transmitted back to his brother in high power at Madrid, Premier Primo de Rivera. As mem- bers of the dictators’ union there is a strong fellow fesling between Benito | and Primo. Consequently the latter notified the Barcelona business firm that it must pay a fine of 25,000 pesetas, or about $3,600, for this affront to a friendly power. Which shows that business is business in Spain and else- where and that it does not pay to let business get into politics, and espe- cially into foreign relations. ———rae— It is rapidly being made clear to the American public that a President of merely to smile and shake hands with visitors. o Polar exploration has nothing to do as yet with designations of industrial, commercial or residential areas. They are zoned once and for all as frigid. e Mysteries are fascinating, and, in spite | of speculations as to world politics, the | police reporter remains the dominant figure in current joufnalism. o Movie scenarios continue to utilize old plays. Faith in the future relies on the development of new material when the old is exhausted. ——— Horseshoe pitching is a popular form of sport. The horse has been so far dismissed from attention that his shoes become more considered than his hoofs. 2 P R R An “observer” in international affairs must regard it as fair enough if he himself comes under observation. ——————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Some Day Land. We look to the West in the twilight, With purple and gold on display, | While the sun leaves a lingering high light On the beautiful land of Some Day. And westward, still hopefully turning, ‘We gaze on the lingering ray ‘Which tells of reward for our yearning For the beautiful land of Some Day. Confused Identities. “A man wants to talk to you about prohibition,” said the secretary. “How did you come to let him in?” “He misled me. I thought he was your bootlegger.” Jud Tunkins says a man may be ex- cused for making one mistake, but he is to be feared when the same mistake gets to be a habit. Endless Chain. We hold discussions from the heart ‘While banquets dull digestion, And every conference we start Brings up another question. Entertaining, “Why did you quarrel with your wife?” i “She insisted on entertaining.” “Should you object to that?" “I think so. She wanted to be a night | club hostess. “In the final figuring,” said Hi Ho, | the sage of Chinatown, “I find that | there are but two distinct social| classes—the lenders and the borrowers.” ‘Modes of Travel. The airplane started for the sky ‘With gracefulness complete. “Big Birdie, go your way,” said I; “I'm satisfied with feet.” “A camp meetin’,” said Uncle Eben, “is a mighty helpful occasion, remindin’ | folks of how good dey would like to be an' mebbe holdin’ for a while.” o Playing With Fire. From the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Months have passed since Russia and China “made as though” they were go- | ing to fight on the Manchurian border. | From time to time reports of clashes have been coming, but the impression is | growing that these are not to be taken very seriously. A London view is that these clashes are simply brushes be- tween looters, with responsible forces on both sides stepping in and ending. hem. : Amother view is that, for purposes of solidifying _ their nationalities, both Russia and China desire to keep the | war talk going, but with each knowing full well that nelt:‘le}l;thls ‘Ll'll:r:en:(l:\:lees ing on a fight on 3 mrSl?l?l"{ngther theory is that China, with. the Chinese Eastern Railway, seizure of which precipitated the break, remaining in its hands, is desirous of holding the line as long as possible. It is accepied as certain that it will have to give up authority over the road on of peace. me’l‘t‘:‘e:ghz‘:ly b?nmemlng in all these views. The two countries may never have had serfous thought of fighting. Nevertheless playing at war is precb:l:( like playing with fite. If carried too fas a conflagration is fnevitable. B Few Have It From the Louisville Courier-Journal. Kansas horses are said to be trained to stop at red lights. Perhaps what some motorists need is horse sense. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, Some Washingtonians were down in Virginia, looking at a beautiful garden near Warrenton. There was a flagstone walk and a lily pool, with goldfish and that sort of thing, but what attracted the most attention was the predominating color. It was a “blue garden.” There not only was ageratum, the standard gar- den blue, but all sorts of flowers of the tint. ) Particularly noticeable was the blue variety of salvia, which, in the normal red form, is a universal garden fa- vorite, ‘Two_huge garden vases of blue pot- tery helped out the predominating color scheme. Accent no[’es were flow- ers, white and pink. et ‘The average amateur gardener, when told of a blue garden, is likely to reply, “Oh, I wouldn't like it, I am sure!” One can never be sure, however, until he sees such a garden actually worked out by a skilled gardener before his eyes. ‘The chances are 10 to 1 that he will like it, and like it very much. The variety of blue-toned blossoms s amaz- ing to one who looks into the matter for the first time. Not only are there all types of peren- nial and annual flowers, there even are blue spruces and other evergreens of a bluish " tinge. . These perhaps “go” better in the all- blue garden than in the average home planting, where their different charac- ter is too striking for the best effect. Rl Use of a single predominating hue in a garden is very old, the favorite being pink, which also seems to be Nature's particular darling. There are more pink flowers than of any other one color. These range in shades from salmon to ones sus- piciously near red. In all the varia- tions, however, the flowers are unmis- takably pink. One has but to recall the favorite rose of the world to realize that nothing quite takes the place of pink in flower colors. Pink combines both feminine dainti- ness and masculine sturdiness. Glaring red flowers, such as the usual salvia, and some of the more red gladioli, are a bit too masculine in effect for culti- vated gardens. Pink is a peculiarly fortunate out- door color, in that it loses in the gar- | den all “pink tea” aspects and becomes a perfect mate for green grass. One does not have to make a tech- nical study of color to know that there is something appropriate in the com- | bination of pink and green in the gar- den. Plantings of different pink va- rietfes of plain and ruffled gladioli stana out gloriously against backgrounds of shrubbery. If one is seeking a pleasing bit of indoor decoration he can do little bet- ter than group pink roses and gladioll in a blue vase. * %k K A red garden makes what is com- monly called a “knockout.” Here the home owner may go as far as he pleases, because if there is one color Nature likes better than pink it is plain, unadulterated red. The old-fashioned salvia. the only kind most people seem to know about. often furnishes the mainstay of the all-red garden The “red-hot poker plant” is another glowing creation of Mother Nature in & reckless mood. It must be admitted that these two vivid flowers combine poorly, if at all, with other garden denizens, they are so bright, so filled with the red rays of the sun. Among the roses the best red climb- er is Paul's Scarlet, the best red bush rose perhaps the Red Radiance/ al- though there are many others. There are scores of fine red tulips and gladi- oli, some of them so deep and intense that they give the impression of flame when one looks at them for any length of time, The main point to be watched in making a red garden is to keep out of it the pink tints, which tend to spoil the effect of the red flowers; at the same time they appear pale and life- less themselves. WA Any one who has seen blue and yel- low flowers in a vase knows that there is scarcely a better combination. The blue-and-yellow garden likewise is good. The yellows, if not too vivid, offer a perfect foil to the blue, which may run the gamut from deep to pale. It is & question whether the yellow blossoms do not offer a better blend with blue than white would. ‘White often is used in the garden simply to accent other flowers. In the best planned settings there will be found plantings of white flowers at intervals along borders, not so much for themselves as for the contrast which they make with the bulk of the flowers in the garden. flower with discriminating amateurs. Some say that a blue better accents other colors. The danger of white is that it may be too white, as it were, too lacking in the subtle thing known as character. * x % ‘The vogue of tan and buff tints in clothing, and now even in the human skin, was preceded by the growing of like shades in the garden. for contrast planting, especially in a small garden, is the variety Isabelina. This is a neutral buff of so perfect a character that it *“goes” with almost any other flower. As a table decoration the Isabelina blends with almost all backgrounds, especially in the way of wallpaper. The touch of accent, which seems to be S0 necessary to satisfy the hu- & few snapdragons, say the compara- tively new variety Pink Perfection. S The question still remains, Is a gar- den of one prevailing or predomin: ing tone a better garden than one in which all colors are mixed indiscrimi- | nately? | When one sees a perfect garden, | such as the blue one near Warrenton, he is inclined to feel that such treat- | ment is the best—until he next sees a | garden of a more mixed planting. Then he will realize that it is not so much the color which counts as_the effect secured, and that this effect may be achieved with almost any plants or flowers, of almost any hues or shades, so long as the gardener is a | re: " one and knows what he is doing. | This means that he must have an | eve to beauty not possessed by one. Like a good dentist, he not only ‘musn be a skilled workman, must use intelligence and _discretion. The gardener who works with his head | as well as with his hand can get beauty i anywhere and with anything. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. Heimweh! Malade de nostalogle! Homesickness' This is the time of year when that sort of mal du pays_becomes epidemic throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Mid pleasures and Summer resorts, Though we may motor,; Be it ever so humble, Home now we had oughter. As a poet I'm a fine mathematician and “sobber,” for heart emotion comes naturally and bevond control. While recognizing the human frailties of the above, it would be wicked to improve it and cause envy in the heart of my fel- low genius, Philander Johnson, poet- laureate of The Star. Oh, hi, oh! It takes only a few short wecks of wandering to incite tears of sympath; for the man without a country, in cluding_the wandering Jew and the weary Willie. And the tourist on the other side of the customhouse, PR How many men there are today in just that pathetic condition! I do not refer to the poor folks who have lost their homes by fire or fraud or financial disaster—though they are, indeed, to be pitied. I speak not of the victims of the World War who were forced to flee be- fore the incendiary shells destroying their homes. Verily, they have their repdrations! 'be the Kellogg treaty will prevent any such catastrophe in the future—though we await with interest the last word from Manchuria. Whom I have in mind, and who call for ut- most condclence, is that great class of restless, nervous, never tranquil men and women whose main complex is ex- pressed in the hungry cry, “Where do we go from here?” “Home, Jeems!" P We do not realize how many even “great” and historic people there are in {the world who cannot say those words, “Home, Jeems!" In our cozy homes we build imaginary palatial edifices of delight. Time was when Kaiser Wilhelm had so many cas- tles that he had to card-indes them. Today, if the Kaiser were to gttempt to speak that simple command he would have to stop sawing wood and talk about “heraus gegangen,” or words to| that effect. It's terrible for the once- |great to get in Dutch with prosperity and join the weary Willies and the| wandering Hebrews and the man with- out a country—the banished! Fox = How bravely we used to recite in school: “Banished from Rome? What's banished but set free From daily contact with the things I loathe?” i Since those oratorical days I've met| and interviewed Mussolini, who seemed to think that Rome was all right—a fine, growing town, with a great future. He's head of the Booster Ciub, pledged to make Rome a bigger and better city. like any Western metropolis in the U.S. A Strange—these local prejudices and hopes! It broadens one to travel and see other places. Yet Rome has its fine points, too. Even Paris— This Summer I've gone back to my birthplace for the first time in four decades. Ah, for serenity and sweet loveliness, give me that little brick cot- tage of my blessed grandmother, with its long brick-floored porch and those same cedar trees and the spacious lawn where we cousins used to play, and you may have the Amphitheater and —! was almost ready to throw in that mir- acle of splendor—old ~St. Peter's! “Home, Jeems!” S It is only a few years since the world feared the Russia of “Lenin and Trot- sky.” Today, Lenin is sepulchered in glory, but poor Leon Trotsky is the out- cast not alone of the mighty nation over which he had been joint dictator and generalissimo of all its army, send- ing perhaps hundreds of thousands of fellow citizens arbitrarily to sudden death—not alone banished from Soviet Russia, which he and his partner Lenin created, but refused admittance by na- tion after nation, as an “undesirable citizen.” “A man without a country!” I've never been more homesick than poor Leon is today! He can't say with- out stuttering, “Home, Jimmy!” He has no home in all the world, not even a grave among his thousands of slain. Long live Amanullah. = the dercsed King of Afghanistan! We impor = | ghanistan rugs, and he tried to import | Western customs and styles. His sub- jects threw him out, just for that, and we go on using Afghanistan rugs as if | he were still reigning, whil | as he looks 'S | any poor fish out ot a job and of a | home. He may meet Manuel of Portugal | and compare notes on the decline of the King trade. What's this world (‘omlng to? " Thrones are not what they uset | to be in the good old days before the | war, when Kings were Kings! The modern thrones are not steady—they are on rollers or skids. They are mail | order seconds or hand-me-downs! | _Hoch der King George Two Eyes of Greece! They put the skids under his | royal highness, too, ana now his roiled lowness no longer has a roof over his | head that he can call his own. He is & | traveling man, whose route covers from London to Bucharest and around. He | has been on that route for four years | and wishes he could settle down. Prince Carol of Rumania sold his birthright for a boulevard lunch of spin- | ach, and it upset his stomach. He was | ejected from the Rumania tenant house | and his kid now holds Daddy’s job, but | has never even heard that pathetic song | of our carly days: | “O father, dear father, | with me now, | The clock in the steeple strikes ten!” Carol hears no such Christmas carols, | and never goes home until morning. | and even then not to Rumania, his own dear home land. Deposed Kings bumming around Paris | are as thick as lobbyists in the Capi- | tol. There is the Indian prince, Aga | Khan, whose name sounds like a kitchen vegetable. There is the Shah of Persia, who has made more francs as a stock- { market speculator than his salary as ruler of Persia. Just across the Alps, famous_because Napoleon and others have climbed them, lives the former ‘Sulu;n of Turkey, gobbling still but | listening to the warning: “Turkey, turkey, I will eat you If I'm hungry when I meet you.” | But where is a safe roost for such a turk? come home * ok ok x So we see the vast difference between a_homeless monarch wandering around, all dressed up and no place to go, and | a happy contented American who has a home to which to return when the frost is on the punkin. Let us be thankful for our mercies and blessings, lest we | get 2 puncture or a side-swipe. One might as well be a Democrat in Pennsylvania as a homeless King in Eu- rope or Asia. It's a lonesome little boy | in China who used to be Emperor, where pigtails grew on scaffolds, and Sun Yat Sen decided to overhaul the palace and | fumigate it of bugs and Emperors. Now, | allee samee like Melikan man, or the jobless Democrats of Europe and our Southern States, that Chinese Emperor boy has no home and no “James,” nor | even a Ford. Nf course, when a fellow has a Ford he doesn't miss a home—until a punc- ture or something comes—but it is tough to be Fordless and homeless, at the same time. One might as well go to Elba and St. Helena and talk it out with Bonaparte, about how to live without a home with three bathrooms and electric lights, or a Lizzie with four brakes. (Copyright, 1929, by Paul V. Collins.) e —————— Aeronautics for Alabama Students From the Anniston Star. | The announcement that a full four- year course in aeronautics is to be offered this year at the University g Alabama is of interest to young ms who are casting about for a suitable vocation and also gives another indi- cation of the growing importance of the airplane industry in this country. ‘Young men planning their life’s work have the opportunity for an interest- ing and profitable career in some branch of aviation. This field also af- fords them the chance to have a part in developing one of the greatest in- dustries of the age. Actual flying, no doubt, holds a lure for every normal boy of today, but that is only a small part of the work that will be opened up to the young men as aviation ad- vances. Young men with inclinations in that direction might well consider eeronautics as & possible profession. Blue always has been a favorite fofl | One of the most effective zinnias | | man mind and eye, may be given with | but he | Soft Coal Industry Reported Recovering From the Wheeling Intelligencer. At last the soft coal industry seems to be making steady recovery. Produc- tion for the last three weeks of July ‘was respectively, 9,432,000, 9,202,000 and 9,481,000 tons. This compares with an average weekly production of only 8,059,000 tons for the second quarter ‘of 1928. At the same time average weekly production for the first quar- ter of 1929 was 10.756,000 tons, con- siderably better than the average of 9,963,000 for the like period of last year. ‘With Fall approaching and all indus try running at near capacity, with con- tinuance of industrial prosperity prom- ised indefinitely, the production of bituminous for the balance of the year should be exceptionally good and 1929 should show the best soft coal sales since 1919, with the possible exception of 1926—an abnormal year, because of the strike in the hard coal fields. Already the coal business in Eastern Ohio and Northwestern West Virginia has picked up considerably. It is stll far short of what it ought to be, but it is not, as it long was, virtually pros- trate. Some operations long held in abeyance in these two sections, which ! were very “hard hit” by the slump, are being resumed. Orders entailing some degree of profit are being booked in the best measure of the last five years. ‘The operators are in nothing like the position they were in before the ill- advised Jacksonville agreement, but :}l:ll're seems to be some light and hope Paiaful and costly as this retrench- men'. of the soft coal industry has been, it ras had one great benefit: It has terided to place bituminous on a sound svpply-and-demand basis, an economic basis that had to come and which is much different from the wild over- production system which the war cre- ated. Gradually, in the last five years, consolidations have become effective which eliminate many of the weaker companies. The more expensive work- ings Have been abandoned. In the leng run, this retrenchment will be good for the industry, as well as for the con- sumer in obtaining lower prices, And, while present facilities are not yet anything like what they will be, the coal by-product industry is becoming a-| real factor, opening a vast new market for coals. More and more, .coal will be burned at the mouth of the mine, con- verted into electrical energy by steam plants and transmitted long distances, with the innumerable by-products, worth 10 times the fuel value of the coal, captured and commercialized. Also, several very successful experi- ments have been made lately with the use of pulverized coal as a substitute fuel for oil-burning ships. With the oll stores declining and conservation necessary. another large new outlet for the practically boundless coal deposits seems certain. T — Gulf Stream Remains Mystery to Science From the Atlanta Journal Though its course and effects and practical purposes, the Gulf Stream re- mains essentialiy a mystery. It is a strange creature that agreeably dulges no tantrums and allows us to in its gleaming bosom a multitude of nature's secrets. Some of these con- tinually harass scientists, a group of whom are even now engaged in probing the depths of the Gulf Stream, hoping into the surface light. A joint expedition from Harvard Uni- versity and the United States Bureau of Fisheries has high hopes of anaiyz ing something of the stream's character. They want to know “at what depths varieties of fish live, and for this pur- pose they carry inclosing nets and depth gauges attached to the nets.” Another curiosity involves the stream’s movements, “why it runs as it docs, its depth, breadth and direction.” The party will study also marine z00logy and “physical oceanography. the latter study to be directed parti larly at determining the salinity of the Gulf Stream. All these operations are commendable, and their results will be of interest to many who know little of the scientific points involved. But the | probers must not go so deep as to of- fend a generous servant of humanit ‘What would happen if the Gulf Stream went submarine, or grew cold? It has shown unfailing good nature, but it may not be pleased by visitors who attempt to discover the amount of its salt. We know little of the nature of such phenomena, but rather somewhat guarded matter. e Search for Noah’s Ark May Encourage Others #rom the Spokane Spokesman-Review. It ought to cheer the fundamentalists and confound the modernists to learn | that Noah's ark has become a subject | of diplomatic negotiation. An Ameri- can citizen has asked the State Depart- permission for an expedition to find the ark. Mount Ararat, where the ark landed when it stopped raining, is in Armenia, which is Turkish territory. If the ark is still there, it is Turkish property, but it is not thought the Turks will quibble over the cwnership, as Noah does not figure in their theology. To Americans it would mean a great deal to recover the ark, or even such parts of it as may have survived the ravages of time and controversy. If the expedition (which. by the ~way, will start from Chicago) finds the ark, other explorers will be encouraged to look for Jonah's ship, Goliath's armor and the broken shards that were the pitchers of Gideon. We have sacked the tombs of the Pharaohs and sent deep-sea divers after the galleys of Caligula, and retrieved Persian relics from the plain of Marathon. There is no reason why Old Testament memo- rabilia should not be as ardently sought. cause it is especially dear to our hearts. Partly because it is one of the darling stories of childhood, and partly because its dramatic structure satisfies even the adult mind, we want to see the tale solidly substantiated. Even those who do not pretend to be “kiver to kiver” believers of Holy Writ have a soft spot in their hearts for the Noah fam- ily and the animals that went in two by two. If the Turkish government means to us, it will make no difficul- ties about the expedition from Chicago. e Foot Ball Strategy. From the Dayton Daily News. ‘The only time a foot ball coach feels encouraged is when he thinks he's fool- ing the other coaches by saying he's discouraged. The Real Winners, From the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. The dog with the most fleas won a hundred-dollar prize at an Iowa dog show, which seems illogical. The priza, if awarded at all, should have gone to the fleas. T Let It Stand! From the Cleveland News. Buffalo effort also failed to break the St. Louis record for endurance flying. ‘We might be induced to second any mo- tion to make it permanent. e An Open Car Advantage. From the Louisville Courler-Journal. One nice thing about open cars is that when bees get in them they can get out without making it necessary for the driver to run up a telephone pole, habits are understood sufficiently for | n-| gauge its conduct, but keeps concealed | to bring a few of its family skeletons | suddenly swung away from course, or | suspect, that | salt is, with the ocean, a personal and ment to get the Turkish government's | Noah's ark rightly comes first, be- can be made to realize how much Noah | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC 1. HAXIN. ‘Take advantage of this free service. If you are one of the thousands who have patronized the bureau, write us again. If you have never used the serv- tice, begin now. It is maintained for your benefit. Be sure to send your name and address with your question, and inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Address The Eve- ning Star Information Bureau, Fred- {;lr-,c J. Haskin, director, Washington, {D. C. Q. Was George ncroft ever on the stage?—W. T. M. A. George Bancroft has appeared in such stage successes as “The Trail of the Lone e Pine,” “Paid in Full,” “old Bill," inders” and many others. Q. Was_the Boy Scout chosen to go on the Byrd expedition in college? —G. F. A Paul Siple of Erie, Pa, was the Boy Scout selected for the Byrd expedi- tion. He was 19 years old September 15, 1928, when he left With the expedi- tion. He was a freshman at Alleghany College, Meadville, Pa. He was also as- sistant scout master in that city, hav ing been & Boy Scout for seven years. He is ¢ badges. Q. How is the new money produced? —J. H. P. A. The Scientific American briefly ex plains the process thus: tion of the {1};“ rlrénne%hh]hws the same process as the old. e design havin, been decided upon, parts of ??lr! Itsg signed to specialized engravers, who jeach engrave a part (1) on a small plece of annealed steel. After being in- spected and passed, it is hardened. A reversed duplicate is made by rolling a soft steel cylinder upon it in the transfer pre: (2) This gives a relief steel die which is hardened, and in turn serves to impress an intaglio, or re- cessed design, on a soft steel plate which is hardened for use plate presses are of special design (3) and the paper is wetted before use. The printed bills are then sized and dried, but they do not become ‘money’ until they are numbered (4) and the Treasury seal affixed. The inspection (5) is rigid, and then the bills are wrapped in packages (6) and they are user.” Q. Has the school which Henrv Ford attended as a boy been opened?—N_ K. L. A. The Old Scotch Settlement School at which Mr. Ford was a pupil in his childhood has been reopened of the Ford Historical Muse are 32 children in attendance. It is reported that the first thing Ford did after the opening exercises was to carve 1‘hls name on the desk where he sat | years ago. t in New York City?—G. I A. According to Ross Duff Whytock the highest ride in an elevator is said to be that in the elevators of the new | Chanin Building at Forty-second street | and Lexington avenue. is is a con- tinuous ride from the floor level to the !top floor. In most of the skyscrapers it is necessary clevator to another to reach the top. The Chanin Building has only one story jless than the Woolworth, having §6 | to its credit. | Q. What magazine offers a prize for a perpetual motion device?—G. S. A. Science and Invention offers a | prize of $5.000 for a working model of | @ perpetual motion machine. | tide oration or humidity. ! Has a boy or a girl a better chance of marrying after 25?—V. S. A. Statistics on the probability of | marriage at various ages taken by the | Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. in- | dicate that a girl's chances of marry- | ing_decrease after she reaches the age | of 25, while a boy has greater prospect of reaching the altar after that age. . What was the original title of Francis Scott Key's famous composi- | licn, “The Star Spangled Banner"” BT, A. It was first called “The Defence of Fort McHenr; | Q What was the purpose of the | { Graf Zeppelin's trip around the world? | A Dr. Hugo Eckener is quoted as saying, “The Graf Zeppelin's vovage around the world was to demonsirate dited with having 59 merit | “The produc- | The steel- | ready for their journey to the ultimate | What is the longest elevator ride to change from one | The ma- | { chine must not be made to operate by | s, winds, water power, natural evap- | the expecency of her mode of travel, to intensly public interest and to get financial upport for the construction of the idel Zeppelin which we know how to bud.” Q. Whaiis the cause of the cordu- roy effect o gravel roads?—N T. A. The orduroy effect on gravel roads is caued by cars hitting a stone or hard plac in the road and starting the vibrationof a spring. This causes harmonic haamering of the machine. which in turi forms the cross ruts in the road. O: the hillsides these are sometimes cased by creeping of the surface of the -oadbed. . Please nme some_counties in Virginia namel after Revolutionary patriots —W. O A. Among tle counties in Virginia 50 named are: Bland, Campbell, Car- roll, Clarke, Fanklin, Greene, Mat- thews, Montgonery, Pulaski, Russell and Warren. Q. What is the technical term which is used t indicate the cry of a new-born babY—G. L. A. The first Cy of a new-bor has for & technicd name “vagitu the French word ‘vagissement.” Q. Are the frekht cars used in Eu- | rope like the one: used here—V. J. A. The Europea freight cars are, in general, much smdler and lighter than those of Ameriem railroads. Four- wheeled cars of 10to 15 feet in length, 8 to 10 tons cdrying capacity and € to 8 tons in weght are still in use. | The trend. howeve, is toward greater |'size up to 20 or more tons capacity. Closed or box car: are used less than in America. Freitht in open cars is | protected by tarpaiin covers furnished | by the railways. Q. Why were Tumbstone and Flag- staff, Ariz, so namei’—G. W. B. | A When the foinder of Tombstcne was starting out on his prospecting tour, he was assred that he would | “find his tombstore.” Thus the town | was named. Flagsaff was named from !'a pole set by a pa'ty of emigrants who | camped near and wiebrated the Fourth | of July. | @ When pisenger pigeons were numerous, where was their breeding ace?—D. D. | A. Michigan was the breeding ground {of the passenger pigeons. Outside of | brecding seasor_they were found over | all the Eastern United States. l pl Q. Are there many pine tree seed- lings in Louisana?—W. T. A. It is staled that a lumber com- pany at Bogalusa, La., produced last year about 10.900,000 seedlings and now has over 5000,000. The new State | nursery will produce 5,000,000 pine tree | seedlings for planting on cut-over lands in 1930 and [931. | Q. Is thewe a simple way to teach mathematics to the blind?>—K. A. | A. The American Braille Press has perfected a system of teaching simple | mathematics to the blind by means of [ the touch swtem. Raised figures and ymbols are substituted for the dots which were used formerly. Q. Is thece a monument to the man who built the Eiffel Tower’—B. F, K. | A. Recenly in the Champs de Mars | tn Paris a bust surmounting a whi stone shaft was unveiled in memory of | Gustave EiTel, 1832-1923. It was in | 1836 that Eiffel undertook the construc- tion of the $84-foot tower that bears his name today. Q. Are there many glider organiza- ations in Germany?—G. G. | "A. In Germany there are approxi- mately 200 glider clubs, and in 1928 about” 10,000 glides and flights were made. ~ Giding instruction in that country is pen to any schoolboy of 14 years or ovr and instruction is free. Q. Why are ins who are bo: Jscm_l:d together called Siamese twins A. The twins, Chang and Eng. who were exhitited for many years because of the fad that they were joined to- gether, ware born in Siam and were billed as the Siamese twins. The name has since been applied to other infants 50 joined. since the word Siamese sug- | @ests their physical peculiarity. Q. How many houses were there in Rome when it was considered the first city in Furope?—C. D. H. | A A the beginning of the Christian | era the actual number of domiciles in | Rome was 1,950,000 }Waterways Meeting Stirs | Meeting at Albany, N. Y., the At- lantic Deeper Waterways Association {focuzed attention on the importance of development of water transportation in meeting the future needs of the coun- {try. Secretary of War Good is believed to have voiced the purpose of the ad- ministration in his indorsement of big projects in this sphere. Regional inter- ests also have been aroused by evidence that engineers are giving attention to the matter. . “Speaking presumably for the admin- istration in Washington,” says the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, “Secretary Good asserted that there vould be need for all the waterways. as well as the rail routes, to move the commerce of the United States in the not distant future, at the present rate of increase. * There seems no reason to doubt the purpose of the ad- ministration to make the best possible use of the waterways as a means of promoting the prosperity of all America for decades to come. “If we were privileged to hazard a guess as to the President’s desires in the way of achievement for his first few years in office,” comments the i Waterloo Tribune, * would unhesi- tatingly declare that his ambition runs to development of waterway transpor- tation and connection of the Middle West with the oceans. Here we have, in the Mississippi and tributary rivers versing the heart of the country, vith the Great Lakes at the head, the most natural waterway in the world. 1f this great resource were in any other progressive country in the world. it long {ago would have been put to good pur- pose.” “The economic basis for the improve- ments,” according to the Hartford Cou- rant, “is found in Mr. Good's statement that’ improvements alrcady made have reduced the freight bill of the Nation by $600,000,000. Waterways were prom- ised as a_measure of agricultural relief during the presidential campaign, in order to enable the farmer to ship his products to market more cheaply. Mr. Good does not believe that improved waterways would injure the railroads, inasmuch as only bulky, slow-moving freight would be carried by water, while the railroads would be relied upon to carry the Increased finished products anticipated as the result of cheaper raw material. The project is a vast one, calling for the expenditure of billions, perhaps, before it is completed. It in- trigues the imagination, but its execu- tion will depend upon continuing proof of its economic feasibility. In any case, it is a problem of the future rather than of the immediate present.” “It takes a mighty long, uphill fight,” suggests the Lansing State Journal, “to change what the lawyers call the status quo or, as some one else has suggested, to win away the followers of ‘the god of things as they are’ The effort to get agreement necessary to building the, St. Lawrence waterway is a case in point. It may be {hat progress is being made toward the realization of that great and engaging idea, but the opposition is vastly outspoken and bellicose. * * It behooves people who see in the St. Lawrence waterway & consummation devoutly to be wished for everlastingly to do their part to keep the tension of Emphas placed by the Herald on the t that “Secretary l New Interest in Projects | Goed naturally referred to the pro- |posed St. Lawrence route” but that paper feels that “it is worthy of note that he refrained from committing Ihlmself on the comparative merits of that impracticable project and the sane | proposal of an all-American route., As & | supposed spokesman of the Hoover ad- | ministration he did well to confine | himself to impartial exposition.” | _“One can understand,” declares the Kalamazoo Gazette, “why so many East-~ ern spokesmen should be ready to scoff at the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence | channel and urge the ‘all-American’ |oute as an alternative. Indeed, the lat- | ter project has been described as so far | from feasible as to constitute a mere | sham ~proposition for those interests hich are eager to prevent the con- struction of any Lakes-to-the-Ocean | waterway at all. Yet the Middle West's | demand” for easy, economic access to | the world commerce is not to be denied | or evaded indefinitely. It is a just de- |{mand and one which must be met at {the earliest opportunity. When one | considers that it is cheaper in many | classes of commodities to ship cargoes | around by way of the Panama Canal to the Pacific Coast than to transport | them by rail to California markets, one ‘can easily understand why certan | Eastern interests are so loath to give up the advantages they now enjoy over their Midwestern competitors.” The Kansas City Times quotes John F. Sinclair as stating that the Panama Canal has not greatly helped the Mid- | dle West, but it has helped the East and the Far West of the United States, as well as the Far Fast and Australia. The Times adds: “It is ironical that the Middle West should not share pro- portionately in benefits for which it | paid its part. * * * The facts should make Congress especially considerate of the Middle West in framing the tariff ‘blll and in provision for the completion of the inland waterways system. With the Upper Mississippi, the Lakes-to-the- | Gulf and the Missouri River waterways completed on a comparative basis with the Ohio and Lower Mississippi Rivers, the Middle States will gain some advan- tages they do not now have and to which they are entitled.” Expressing satisfaction that the Wa- terways Association adopted resolutions urging Congress to give favorable con- sideration to a ship canal between the | Grewt Lakes and the Hudson River and the sea, the Albany Evening News states: “This is not a resolution adopted without thought. It comes from an or- ganization of men who are interested in waterways. who have made a thor- ough and exhaustive study of water- ways and who know the needs of the Nation in this respect. This movement is under way. It should be given added momentum. It should have Government attention immediately.” Greater attention to the need of im- proving the Tennessee River is urged by the Chattanooga Times, while the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin declares attention should be given to the Atian- tic Coast inland waterway, on which the * | engineers have estimated a cost of $50.- 000,000. The Bulletin says: “There is no question of the serviceability of such a canal, nor any question of the readi- ness of shipping to use its facilities. An expenditure of $50,000.000 would pay good dividends to American business all the coast.”