Evening Star Newspaper, August 11, 1929, Page 4

SECRETS OF RIVER PLUMBED BY PAIR Two Washington Men Have: Saved Many From Death in Potomac’s Depths. “Help, a man is drowning!” For half a cenutry “Bill’ Reynolds and “Charlie” Birkigt have been stirred to prompt and eficient action by this cry along the Potomac River. Charles M. Birkigt is a policeman at- tached to the harbor precinct. Wil- liam T. Reynolds, dean of the rivermen, is known to every fis] and canoe- ist in town. Neither of the two knows how many men, women and children they have saved from death in the river. “We don't bother to keep track of such things,” Reynolds explained. Friendship Between Two. ‘The friendship which has grown up between these two men is of an endur- ing nature. Both were born along the river near the site of the present Key Bridge 62 years ago. As boys they swam and fished the river together, gaining an in- timate knowledge of its physical char- acteristics which enabled them in later to recover aj imately 100 bodies. So familiar are they with the river that they can with accuracy name the depth of the water at any | given point. ‘They tell of one incident which oc- | curred while they were fishing on the river. A boat nearby tipped over and its male occupant, clinging desperately to the side of his craft, started to call for help. “Stand Up,” Birkigt called. The “drowning” man did so, and found he was in water only waist deep. Saves $3 Bet for Man. It was Reynolds who went out in a boat several weeks ago and rescued a man who had dived from the Key Bridge on a bet. Thanks to the alert- ness of the riverman, who recognized the sound of the body striking the water, the young man collected his $3 bet. He was ‘unconscious when Rey- nolds pulled him in. | Returning ta his home city, after serving in the Navy, Mr. Birkigt joined the police force, which he has served for 39 years. For the past 10 or more years his duties have taken him to the water front and river. Birkigt often remains after work hours to “talk of old times” and swap yarns with rivermen. Mr. Birkigt is married and has sev- eral grown children. Mr. Reynolds, how- ever, is & bachelor and has spent prac- tically his entire life on the river. ‘The services of these two men often are called for at distant points in Mary- land and Virginia when others have failed to recover the body of some drowned person. Birkigt and Reynolds, always ready, respond and persevere until they have succeeded in accom- plishing their mission. Warns Against False Cries. In connection with cries for help, however, Birkigt and Reynolds warn persons never to pretend to be in diffi- culty and call for aid, because some one actually in distress may be mistaken for a “joker,” or like the boy who called “wolf, wolf,” when there was no wolf and was devoured by one later because neighbors thought he was still joking. WASHINGTON BOYS ELECTED BY D.S.N. High School Fraternity in Con. venton Here Gives All Posts to Capital. ‘Three Washington boys were elected to all of the national offices of Delta Sigma Nu High School Fraternity at the closing sessions of the convention in the Hotel Mayflower yesterday. Chester R. Draper, alumnus of Mc- Kinley Manual Training School, was re-elected president of the national body. Joseph L. Ramisch and A. Ed- ward Sweeney, both Tech High stu- dents, were named national treasurer and national secretary, respectively. ‘The convention, composed of repre- sentatives of 47 chapters from 23| States, decided to pursue methods that were followed in securing recognition from the District Board of Education in other States where the scholastic organizations are not favored. It was voted to collect information concerning | every locality where governing school | officials did not favor scholastic so- | cieties and launch a campaign for recognition simultaneously throughout the country. The convention determined upon a | program of national expansion in com- | munities that recognize high school fraternities that will be begun in the | times near future. It is planned to grant about 20 more chapters before conclu- sion of this program. President Draper reported on prog- Tess of the committee that is framing & new constitution. He said that the new document would pro- vide that chapters of D. 8. N. are to operate with the knowledge and co- operation of governing school officials. BOY SCOUTS TO END TRAINING ACTIVITIES Officials of Camp Roosevelt Exye'et High Rating by Inspect- ing Officers. The last group of Boy Scouts of the District of Columbia attending Camp Roosevelt, at Calvert Cliffs on Chesa- | peake Bay, will complete training there tomorrow when the fourth annual training week for Scout ieaders will gin. Several hundred boys have attended the camp this Summer. Chairman William T. Ellis of the Regional Camp~ ing committee, Boy Scouts of America, and Regional Executive Roy F. Sey- mour, inspected the camp last week for the purpose of rating it. The grade received not _be made known until later, but local Scout officials express confidence that it will be given an “A” le. Camp Wilson, on Burnt Mills road, another Scout camp, is expected to re- main open for sometime yet. Two of the regular Boy Scout in- structors, Pred Stewart, counselor in handicraft work, and J. S. C. Boswell, sastructor in nature work, have been “loaned” to Camp May Flatters, the Girl Scout Camp, at Raleigh Springs Policeman C. M. Birkigt of the harbor precinct (left) and his friend, W. T. Reynolds, veteran riverman, who have recovered scores of bodies of drowned per- sens from the Potomac River. —Star Staff Photo. U. S. STARTS DRIVE TO CURB POISON-PEN LETTER WRITERS Manual on Identifying Type-'§ writers and Guns Is | Being Prepared. Studies of System Explained1 by Souder, Standards Bureau Expert. BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Uncle Sam has started a relentless campaign to apprehend the writers of poison-pen, and blackmail letters and by the same system to trail down too promiscuous users of shooting irons to settle D:Yumtnu. Specialists are now writing a book which will be a manual for officers of the law and other sleuths in identifying typewriters and guns by precision methods of comparison and measure- ment. This book will not be available It will be issued by | the Bureau of Standards, which was | one of the pet units of the Department | of Commerce, under the administration of Herbert Hoover. Wilmer Souder, an expert in the | Bureau of Standards, explains the | studies that have been made for iden- | tification by comparison, bringing up to date.a system which has been more | or less successful for centuries. The application of precision measurement | methods i of recent origin, and is not | enerally understood, he points out. | 'his lack of understanding of the prin- ciples upon which this science is based is responsible for the confusion so often resulting from_evidence introduced in courts of law, he said. Accustomed to Usual Methods. “We are so accustomed to the usual methods of descri] , which are only approximate, and by virtue ¢ %nese approximations are susceptiblh of no precise interpretation,” he explains, “that we fail to recognize the extreme accuracy of identifications made by precision measurements. “When we say we are looking for a man 6 feet tall of rather heavy build, with dark hair, with a scar on one hand, and with some gold teeth in his , we should not be surprised to find several hundred eitizens of the United States who meet the descrip- tion. If we increase the precision of the descriptiop to a man 72!; inches tall, weighing 207 pounds, index finger of the left hand amputated at the sec- ond joint, and with gold crowns on left cuspid and right bicuspids, we may feel sure there is not more than one man in the entire country who will meet the pecifications. Having found this one, further search cannot be justified with- out the introduction of some unusual condition. “The justification of thix definite conclusion of positive identification is based on the ‘law of probability.” Briefly and in non-technical terms, this law is interpreted from the fraction which repruen.ts tl:fncrltg)u of t‘eh:s t}'mmtm* of 5pel characteristic ars divided by the maximum number'%’l!lp- pearances possible, and for two or more characteristics appearing simultane- ously, the probebility ratio is repre sented by the product of the individual fractions.” Seeks to Establish Standards. The U. 8. Bureau of Standards has taken up the problems of indentifica- tion of typewritten documents, guns, bullets, etc., in an effort to establish standards of this class of work. The bureau’s interest is purely scientific and it is not prepared to handle cases in court. Its work, however, is expected to lead State, county and local authorities to a more exact procedure in court cases, and is e: to have an im- portant effect on the practice of law. There are now available a few ex- perts to make identifications in a logi- cal and precise manner, but there are many so-called experts who reco no limitations, no standards an equipment as essential in this fleld. The instruments which are now gen- erally recognized for satisfactory work in these fields are the result of years of effort on the part of men who have been actively engaged in this work, and who have recognized the value of in- creased precision in making compari- sons of data available for identifications, In each imstance the positiveness of identification increases with the in- crease in number of agreeing character- istics, the narrower limits of measure- ment and the ine measurem crease in precision of ents. When, if ever, these ideal conditions are established there will be fewer conflicting expert opinions. Different Type Styles. Precision measurements are the pri- mary standards for identification of questioned documents, Mr. Souder em- phasizes. The typewritten page may at first glance appear to be a perfect plece of work, and not susceptible to an analysis of numerous individual char- acteristics which will prove it to be be- near Harrisonburg, Va., to instruct the Girl Scouts there for the remainder of | T the Summer. The latter camp, with about 180 girls, is scheduled to remain open until August 26. HONOR GRIMKE. Colored Association to Pay Tribute to Group’s Official. A resolution authorizing the draft- ing and framing of a ungnonul to be presented to Archibald H. Grimke, ?l’fl- ident emeritus of the District of Colum- bia branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. and a vice president of the national organisation, in connection with the ob- servance of his eightieth birthday, August 17, was adopted at a meetng of the branch last night. 3 3 lent of the lllvll:'l Thomas, presid e W yond question of doubt the product of and only one certain machine. styles and characteristics distin- guish one make of machine from an- :tt;lar. “mnuxwtmradmmm similar les of type usually differ - individual sional proportions of the “4” is given the same space as (o 4 tten letters. example, the document, and it is the problem of the artist to design these and other letters minimize what would easily ap- be excessive crowding or isola- jon of type in the printed work. The mod! of letters to avold these effects gives the first opportunity for precision measurements. For type made irom the same model, or formed nst the same dye, we may look for defects or lack of all de- tails of perfection over the lines of the letter face, Mr. Souder points out. ‘The process of plating and polishing may add defects. The more sure source for identification, however, lies in the adjustment of t} on the bars, after the com- T be placed high and some low in the line. Some will be rotated, and some will make contact on one portion of the face, before the other portion hits the paper. Adjustments for minimiz- ing these discrepancies are made by inspectors, who usually reduce these to apparent uniformity, insofar as the un- aided eye is able to judge. These variations are all susceptible to precision measurements, and when these are made and compared with measurements from other machines, it will usually be found that five to ten characteristics are sufficient to es- tablish the identity of the machine which produced the document. The product of probability fractions rapidly reduce the probability of two machines existing which will produce documents having the characteristics specified For the number of agreements given above, and in the absence of unex- plained disagreements, the ratio usually reduces below the ratio for the number of machines in existence, and there- fore justifies the conclusion of identity. Speaks From Every Line. ‘The excellence of this type of evi- dence arises from the consistency of the variations; the evidence speaks from every line of the document, and, barring a few readily explainable va- riations, lights of evidence through mutilation are seldom successful, as to do so would | require a perfect analysis of all defects in the machine, and facilities for this type of analysis are limited Some of the special tvpes of instru- ments used for comparing typewritten documents have been designed and used by Albert 8. Osborne, New York City examiner, in questioned docu- ments. Here as in fields of meteorology, the value of the measurement depends upon the precision of the instrument and the ability of the user. Inac- curacles in either render the result of little value. Experts in this field usually design their own type of measuring instrument, and assemble numerous specimens of typewriting from which they draw conclusions as to what con- stitutes proof of identity. EXERCISES PLANNED FOR SUMMER CLASS Friendship House School Com- mencement August 18—Found- ing Date to Be Marked. Commencement exercises for the 0| children attending the Summer School of Friendship House, 326 Virginia ave- nue southeast, will be held at the house Monday evening, August 19. The class has been conducted by Miss Ercel Brown, assisted by Miss Lily May Free- man and Miss Mildred Williams. Tentative plans are under way at the house for the celebration of the twenty- fifth anniversary of its founding in October. Dr. John Elliott of Hudson- ville, N. Y., will be one of the speakers at Athe celzbrnuor}. 1; 1;;, m:flm:’rfiefl‘ e rogram of Fall a« ies Pflen&mp House are soon to be an- nounced by Miss Lydia Burklin, head resident, returning from a vacation. there are no contradictions. | Attempfs at destroying these beacon- | NEW MATERIALS AT LOW PRICES Senator Speech Arraigns Bureau and Congress. (Continued Prom First Page.) “He is less so today than he was at the beginning.” tor - Wheeler pointed out, have led him to hope that the new Commissioner of Indian Affairs would relegate to the “political scrap heap” many of the in- competent superintendents of reserva- tions, and that in their place and stead “we will have men who are not just seeking a job, but who are anxious and willing to render a service to the In- dians and to all mankind as well.” As a remedy for many of the con- ditions which he declared have made the Indian today “hungry and sick and poor,” Senator Wheeler recom- mended that the Indians be given a veice in the leasing of trust property, as well as his tribal property. Makes Plea for Hospitalization. “They are anxious for an education, and should be given it,” he said. “I am convinced that the education should be turned over to the several States. They should attend public schools.” Proper hospitalization should be pro- vided all tribes, he urged, in citing the fact that tuberculosis is rampant and uncared for on the Indian reservation: | worth of property belonging to ap- proximately 225,000 Indian wards, Sen- ator Wheeler declared that a business- |like accounting system should be es- | tablished and the Indians rendered an |itemized quarterly statement of their | personal and tribal funds in the hands of the Indian Office, something which. he stressed, has never been render them. Senalor Wheeler's speech, in full, fol- lows: Text of Wheeler Speech. Ladies and Gentlemen of the Radio Audience: I am glad to say a word to you this evening regarding the plight of the American Indian, the only 100 per cent American in the United States, but who seldom parades the fact either in private or public gatherings. There is a saying with which some of you are familiar, namely, “The only good Indian is & dead Indian.” This phrase was coined when the Indians were still a menace. I am quite sure that when I have finished this evening you will feel that the Indian Bureau, and perhaps Con- gress, is in thorough accord with the sentiment. expressed in the foregoing statement. I shall in the limited time at my command deal with the problems of the {Indians at the present time and en- deavor to point out what I deem to be some of the things that should be done Ito_correct, as far as possible. the mis- | takes which have been made in the past. | Pirst, let us for a moment go back |to the period beginning 1824 and end- ing about 1874. It was during the ad- | ministration of President Pierce that we entered into treaties with many of the nations or tribes of the American Indians. We had driven the Indians from the Atlantic Coast. and thence from the fertile fields of ths Ohio and | Mississippi Valleys, until they were now located in the far West. Relationship of Trust Created. ‘They resisted as best they could at every step. Our ways of living were not theirs. They knew nothing of manufacturing and little of farming. hunting, and the forest, the stream and the plains, with the roving buffalo herds, furnished them their food. This wvery briefly was the life the Indians led when we entered into treaties with them, by the terms of which the Chief Executives of this Nation and the Con- | gresses of the United States solemnly pledged that they would protect them in their person and. their property. They were to be our wards, we their guardians. A relationship of trust was created mot only as to their property but as to their persons. . We prohibited the sale or giving of liquor to them or the introduction of the same onto their reservations. These reservations were set aside for their sole and exclusive benefit. We were to | exclude undesirable persons from en- |tering upon the same. We were to guard their property as faithfully as the father or guardian protects his son’s or his ward’s. | training, his unfitness for farming—w |in some instances, gave him the ex- clusive right to hunt large areas of for- est lands. The land on the reserva- {tion was his to be held in_trust by the Government for the exclusive bene- fit of the Indian nation. The treaty was as solemnly entered into as was the treaty between Belgium and Ger- many just as unceremoniously broken, not once, not twice, but many times, and by the Congresses of the United States and by the Chicf Exec- utives of the United States. Not by one President or by one Congress, but by successive Presidents and by suc- cessive Congresses, and when the In- dian came to Congress an4 complained and asked that he be permitted to go into court and sue the Government for violation of his treaties he was told, in some instances, at least, that it was against the “economy program” cf the administration. And this in face of the fact that he was not seeking to go into an Indian court, but into the white an's court, and seeking to recover only what the white man’s court might ad- judge was justly due and owing to him. Finally Granted Privilege. After years of agitation the Indian, in most, instances, has at last been granted this privilege. But the Indian Bureau fought against granting his request for years. What have we done for the Indian? How have we fulfilled our obligation to |him? Whose fault has it been and can | we do anything to rectify the wrong, if rongs have been committed? These are the questions you ask and want to have answered. I cannot answer all of them, but I will try to answer some. As a member of the subcommittee on Indian affairs, T have been making a survey of condigjons upon the Indian reservations of this country. We have BUILD THAT ADDITION NOW Lumber, Millwork, Roofing, Hardware Doors, Frames, Wallboard, Paint ENCLOSE YOUR PORCH French Doors and Complete Windows 3 BRANCHES 3 Main Office Sixth and G Streets S W. Camp Meigs | Fifth and Florida Ave. N. E. t Brightwood 5921 Georgia Avenue N. W. His investigations in the West, Senl-! {In consideration of the fact that the | They lived principally by fishing lnd] Realizing his limitations—his lack of | same has iestimony of white and matters of record. ‘There are approximately 225,000 In- dhnf in the United States under the in Radio Forum|on Health Conditions.—The heaith con- ditions among the Indians are extreme- ly bad. Almost without exception we found that 25 per cent of the Indians were affected with tuberculosis. On one reservation we were told that 50 per cent of them were affected. This means that, on an average, more than one person in every family is affected. The family invariably lived in & one- room shack. There would be little, if any, ventilation and little, if any, heat in Winter. The large percentage of mbe:d by malni gm:‘hem:n 4 < cau: y uf improper housing conditions. Poor Service Rendered Indians. Without going into the details, we found no proper facilities for the treat- ment of this dread disease on the In- dian reservations and generally no attempt being made to treat patients affecttd with it. The doctors on_the reservations are underpaid, and there are entirely too few of them, and the service rendered to the Indian is poor. There are exceptions to the rule. Some doctors and nurses, where they have them, are doing good work, al- though they lack equipment. ‘Trachoma 1s rampant among the In- dians. Some headway is being made by mdl-n Bureau in eradicating this Soclal diseases are spread| idly among them, particularly on those reservations that are situated near | white settlements. Very little, if any- | thing, is being done either to prevent or to cure conditions. The superintendents but claim they are helpless. They claim in Washington, but were told they | could get no help because of lack of funds. In any event, it is a disgrace to think that this, the wealthiest of all govern: ments, should permit such a sordid con dition as this to exist among our wards. The Economic Condition.—Time does 1 not permit me to tell of the way Indian tribal funds have been squandered by gross carelessness and inefficiency. Many of the reservations look as if they were being managed by some aged widow who could not make the sim- plest kind of repairs and who was too poor or too parsimonious to hire some on}e’rwttlmhe "fim} i actically all of the Indians of the Middle West and Northwest are very poor. They formerly had tribal herds of cattle. These have been dissipatec, not through any fault of the Indians, but through the gross incompetence of the white men who have been intrusted with them. No Indian knows what be- came of his tribal herd excepting that it was disposed of by the Governmert. He does not know how much the cattle brought or whether they were sold at a profit or los; or how much of the money was placed to his credit. Strange as it may seem, no itemized account has :‘\;brrlbcen render'ld fl'l‘; any Indian tribe, E r as any Indian su knew or could find out. e Never Were Given Statements. For 70 years or more the Government has been handling the monies of the | Indian tribes derived from the leases and the sales of land. from the sale of valuable timber, ofls and other miner- als, from the sale of tribal cattle, and | yet this guardian has never given his wards an_itemized statement showing | how much he received or how much was paid out or what for. Not only that, but no jtemized statement has ever been rendered any individual In- dian showing how his account stood. If there are cases where it has been done no_superintendent knew of the same. The bureau says they can come to the office and they will tell them if they want to know. The Indian says, “When we go to the office we can't get in or we are told to get out.” This is bureaucracy run mac The Indian is not a farmer and we have made little progress in teaching him how to farm. We have not es- tablished schools where farming has been taught in a systematic way. On the contrary we have allotted him land, and expected him to make a living on it while the best equipped farmers of our land are unable to do so. ‘We have in many instances taken his land in violation of his treaty rights. One example of this will suffice. In 1855 the Government entered into a treaty with the Flathead and other tribes of Indians. By the terms of this treat; they were to give up all their rights, title and interest to one of the most fertile valleys in Montano, known as the | Bitter Root Valley. In return for that { we declared they should have all the ( lands embraced in what became known as the Piathead Indian Reservation, that the Government would hold the title to the same in trust for them. that we would protect them in their lands, and that we would establish | schools, Lost Water Rights. In the vear 1904, by an act of Con- gress, this reservation was thrown open to settlement by the whites. They were permitted to buy the Indian land at a small gl:oe. not agreed to by the In- dians, but fixed arbitrarily by the Go way of and miss fits baseball all right and some ocher ‘spores, too—but LIFE serious business. left behind. ‘There is & way to build a straight path, but it takes plan. ning. You know your own ambitions. You may need . funds to realize them. Morti this credit on character and earning ability. HIT upon Morris Plan to help you to financial betterment. Second: Don’t MISS this op, while you are still able to make Firsi t wuse of it MORRIS PLAN BANK Under Supervision U, S. Treasury . 1408 H St. N.W. ing rap- | admit health | conditions as I have described them, | Ixhn they have appealed to the bureau | Avord—the HI'T and MISS How many amble slong that uncertain course, wondering all the while how they’ll come out—whete they'll come out. Fact is, many don’t come out at all—they are simply SENATOR BURTON K. WHEELER. ~—Star Staff Photo. ernment. Also Congress passed an act creating a reclamation project on the reservation. By the terms of the act it took away frcm the Indians valuable water rights. It 9ppropriated their land | for the building of hundreds of miles | of irrigation ditches. and it took large areas of their land for reservoir sites. ‘The Indians were not consulted, nor were they paid for the land so taken by the Reclamation Service. The Govern- ment then spent milllons of dollars building this project and every Indian who had been allotted lands on this reservation, which the Reclamation Service sald could be irrigated, were charged for a share of the construction of this project and for maintenance and operations. In some instances this amounted to as much as $125 per acre, and this regardless of whether the Indian’s land was suitable for irrigation or whether he wanted his land to be ir- rigated, and he has been charged with the maintenance and operation wheth- er he wanted the water or used it. These sums have been made & llen upon his property. It was a plain violation of the treaty —it was a plain violation of every rule of decent conduct among men and would not be tolerated among nations. Education—We have Government boarding schools on many of the reser- vations. We give the children a sixth- grade education, which, I would say. in most instances is comparable to the fourth grade in our public schools. After receiving this schooling a few are sent away to schools of higher learning, but this number is inconse- quential. We have not taught the In- dians to farm and have not attempted the Indian Bureau. We have so-called farmers on these reservations, but none attempts to show the Indian how to plant or raise his crop. They are act- | ing as lease clerks, subagents and as officers to suppress the liquor traffic. In 70 years we have not taught the Indian to be self-supporting. Laziness Is Encouraged. He is less 80 today than he was at the beginning. We have not taught him to work as a mechanic. We are encouraging him to be lazy and shiftless rather than a self-sustaining, self- respecting citizen. The boarding schools should be done away with and the education of the Indians should be turned over to the States. Where Indians have attended our public schools they have come out better prepared to meet the present- day problems of our civilization. Where they attended boarding schools they have come out with little educa- tion and no knowledge of the ways of the white man. They are anxious for an education and should be given it. should be turned over to the several States. They should attend public schools. Several years ago I introduced into Congress, a bill providing that th~ | education of the Indians in Montan: | should be under the supervision of the | State. The citizens of Montana are | interested in the Indians and the | Legislature passed a law agreeing to | assume the responsibility. | *Por over 70 years the Indians have been under the futelege of the Indian Bureau. When we took them over we | sald to them, you are uncivilized, we are civilized. There was little, if any. | crime among the Indians, divorces wer= | I unheard of. they were happy and had | plenty of food. Today they are hungry | and sick and poor. Most Indians are not farmers. Many of them are mechanically inclined. They should be given a vocation: living is mot sport—it is ¢ far more s Plan will supply you, basing rtunity Washington, D. G to do so notwithstanding the claims of | | education on the reservation and taught to follow some useful ocaupation, The school system s archaic. The schools are old fire traps, plumbing poor, ventilation poor and{until recently corporal punishment was, inflicted and | #t was corporal punishment. | ,. The superintendent on ©ne reserva- | tion admitted he took si% girls, ages | ranging around 16 to 18 wyears. made them bend over a chair wiile he held their dresses tightly aroundtheir bodies and beat them with a strap—the Indians said it was a piece of & harness tug. One boy, so his parents said, was :Ie:dun across his bare badk until it ‘The tales of brutality told by the Indians, and in some instarwes admit- ted by the agents, resembled ghe stories of the dark days of slavery. Many of these school teachers and agents asked the question, “What are you going to do with them when they wen’t mind, if we can't inflict corporal punishment?” That's the same question scyme slave owners asked. That's the sane ques- tion husbands ask when charged with assault upon their wives. t our | present enlightened civilization believes there is a better way then brule force. | But many Indian agents don't: belong |to our present civilization. They are living in a civilization that is passed. They are politicians, most of them, | who hold their jobs through the intfluence of some Senator or Representativa They are appointed to pay some political debt. The Indian has paid political debts for, lo, these many years. He has paid them to his sorrow and to his moral, physical and economic ruin. Secretary Wilbur was quoted in the | newspapers as saying something to the effect that the Indians should be given {a “pickle.” The trouble is, Mr. Secre- |tary, that the Indians have had too | many pickles. It isn't pickles they need but an honest efficiert business-like | administration of their affairs. They have been exploited and plundered bv i Indian trade: lumber concerns. oil | companies, et cetera. urtil they have little of their resources intact. Lists Recommendations. Rations.—You have heard how the Indian Bureau fed the old nt Indians. Well, they have given them rations—$1.06 every two weeks. They have fed some of them horse meat and rancid pork until one old Indian said he had eaten horse meat until he whin- nied in his sleep. Conclusions—The old and indigent Indians should be cared for by the Gov- ernment. Proper hospitals should be estab-; | tished to care for tuberculosis victims. The young should receive an educa- | tion that would make usaful citizens out I am convinced that the education 1 | | SPECIAL FEATURES FOR 80TH DIVISION Veterans of Division Will Hold Four-Day Session Here Next Week. Many special entertainment features will mark the tenth national reunion of the Veterans of the 80th Division, A. E. F, which will open here next Sunday. An open-air memorial service in the amphitheater at Arlington with musi- cal selections by the United States Army Band will officially open the con- vention. An air show at Bolling Field, Cavalry drills at Fort Myer, a reception to the delegates on the White House lawn by President Hoover, a trip to Mount Vernon on board Navy vessels, inspection of the Navy Yard, visits to Annapolis and other surrounding points, a divisional banquet, a military ball and numerous other events make up the program for the four days the veterans will be in Washington. Reduced rates have been granted to the veterans and members of their on all railroads and special concessions will be made by the Wash- ington hotels. Approximately 30,000 men who served with the division reside in Pennsyl- vania, Virginia, West Virginia, New York, New Jersey and Ohio, for which this city forms a central meeting point. Many will also come from States in other sections of the country. Eastern and Western Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia are expected to have the largest representation present The present national commander, Howard Wells, resides in Petersburg, Va., which is near the site of Camp Lee, where the 80th trained. He served as a bugler in the 318th Infantry and was blinded in action. Maj. Gen. Adelbert Cronkhite of Baltimore, ime leader of the division; the late Brig. Gen. Lloyd M. Brett of this city, commander of the 160th Infantry Brigade; Lieut. Frank Schoble, jr., of Philadelphia, who also lost his sight in battle; Capt. Carlo D. Colla of New York, and Capt. John Morgan of Charleston, W. Va., were other commanders GROWERS VISIT BOARD. New Yorkers Call on Federal Farm Group Here. More than 100 members of the New York State Fruit Growers' Association paid a call on the Federal Farm Board in its Hotel Mayflower headquarters yesterday, after completing a motor tour of the Shenandoah-Cumberland apple regions of Pennsylvania, Mary- land, West Virginia and the Piedmont section of Virginia. Charles S. Wilson, representative of the miscellaneous agricultural inter- ests of the Northeast on the boart received the delegation upon its rival, and Alexander Legge, chairman, and other members of the Farm Board were photographed with the delegation outside the hotel following the luncheon. The party broke up in the early afternoon. many of them staying in Washington for the night and others gemnnmg the drive back to New York tate. of them. and, in my judgment, it should be handled by the State. 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