Evening Star Newspaper, July 25, 1929, Page 11

[TALY'S SCIENTISTS HELD ART'S RIVALS Exposition Shows Superior Work of Leaders in - Many Fields. 4 BY H. H. SHELDON, Professor of Physics, New York University. It fs possible for a man to achieve 50 much success in one fleld that triumphs in another remain almost unnoticed. This was the case with Benjamin Franklin, noted chiefly by the public as a great statesman, but revered by sci- entists for his extremely important con- tributions in their field. Leonardo da Vinci, the master artist, also was a great inventor. While he | did not achieve flight with an airplane, he did leave careful drawings, and he invented the parachute, certainly the nearest approach to a fiying device up to or many years after his time. If it did not rise, it at least made flight downward possible. And his parachute, not of the umbrella type, but described rather as a framed horizontal sall, seems to have had some of the prop- erties of the glider. N Da Vinci was_the inventor of many other devices. He is credited, for ex- ample, with the invention of the roller chain such as is used on bicycles. Liv- ing, as he did, in the time of Columous, he was. perhaps, the greatest inventor of his age. If this is true of man, it is also true | of nations. It is undoubtedly true of | Leonardo’s native land, Ttaly. A coun- | try noted chiefly for its painting, its| sculpture and its music, its sclentific | achievements have in large measure | been dwarfed by the magnificence of these other achievements. Nevertheless, | it requires no great scrutiny to discover that Italy's accomplishments in science rang high in the achlevements of na- tions in this field. Failure to realize this, it such failure | has existed, is due, perhaps, to Italy's | deavors. own failure to call attention to it. We are now reminded, however, by Italy’s first national exposition of science be- ing held at Florence this year. Here have been gathered the instruments and records of Italy's great sclentists. Galileo Father of Achlevement. Ttaly is the true birthplace of moa- ern physical science. Modern achieve- ments began with Galileo. In fact. we might go back to the exact instant when it all started, when two balls hit the ground at the base of the leaning tower of Pisa. This was in 1580, when | Galileo, accompanied by students and professors of the University of Pisa, went to the tower to show that bodies. | regardless of weight, fell in the same time, air friction disregarded. To this last point he showed that paper ap- proached the time of fall of heavier ma- terial the tighter it was wadded. Up to this time it was believed that heavy objects fell faster than light ones. But no one tried the experiment. Galileo was the founder of the ex- perimental method. This and his in- dependent nature cost him manv years in prison. He discovered the laws of the pendulum and made modern clocks | possible. He made the first thermom- eter and first used the telescope for | astronomical cbservations. He discov- ered Jupiter's satellites and the sun spots. Torricelli. & pupll of Galileos, im- proved the telescope and made the first s'mple microscope. Carrying on work suggested by Galilea, he invented the har:meter, that instrument which we find so valuable today in making weather forecasts. Pioneer in Science of Electricity. As the science of astronomy. dy- namics and meteorology had their begin- ning in Italy under Galileo, so had the =cience cf electricity. It was in 1786 that Galvani, & professor of anatomy at_the University of Bologna, discov- ered accidentally that a severed frog's leg would still kick when pierced with two dissimilar metal needles connected by a wire. The galvanic cell and the galvanometer are named in his honor. An explanation of this effect and the development of -the galvanic cell are due to Volta. To him is due the invention of the electroscope, the elec- trophorus and that very important de- vice, the electrical condenser. Because | he was the first to measure the poten- | tial difference between two dissimilar | substances, .the volt, the practical unit of potential difference. is named in his | honor. Many of the original docu- ments of Galvani are to be seen at the | National Exposition of Science. | seen at the exposition is the world's fundamental discovery in chemistry that equal volumes of any gas at equal pressure and temperature contain equal numbers of molecules. The number of molecules in 22.4 liters is known as Avagadro's number. There are 6.062, multiplied by 10 twenty-three times, mole cules in this volume. It was many years after his time that the full mean- ing of his discovery was realized, but its effect on chemistry has been pro- found. It is the foundation of the whole structure. Even chemical science is largely built on the wcrk of an Italian. In medicine the name of Eustaclo lives in our textbooks as the discoverer of the eustacean tube of the ear and the eustacean valve of the heart. Fal- lopius, another great Itallan physicit 15 remembered for his work on the d covery of the functions of some of the female organs. . The fallopian tubes | are named after this investigator, who first accurately described them. ‘Marconi Developed Wireless. Qne must not overlook the work of the Italian engineer Marconi. He put into practical form the wireless ap- paratus of Hertz. Much of his original cquipment is to be seen at the science exposition. His achievements are so well known as to need only to be men- tioned. Among other notable things to be first motor cycle, invented in 1885 by Enrico Bernardi, when even the bicycle itself was in its infancy. The world's THE EVENING ARKANSAN KILLS SELF OVER ATTACK CHARGE Former Little Rock Broker Com- mits Suicide as Police Try to Arrest Him. STAR, ner and now & chorus girl at the Gar- den Theater. Fifteen minutes before the shootin the girl, Miss Muriel Doherty, a] at & police station with a tale of being lured into Gans' room, struck with a rolling pin and attacked. She exhib- ited bruises to substantiate her state- ment of being struck on the head. She told police Gans offered to accompany her on a shopping trip, but instead asked her to go to his hotel room to re- celve a book. Gans was the son of the late Gus Gans, pioneer Little Rock merchant. WASHINGTON, D. C, THURSDAY, THEATERS TO BE BOUGHT. Radio-Keith-Orpheum to Take Over 8ix Pantages Houses. 1LOS ANGELES, July 25 (#)—Frank W._Vincent, Los Angeles representative of Radio-Keith-Orpheum Theater inter- ests, announced last night he had re- ceived instructions from New York to close a deal by which his company will mchm six theaters of the Alexander tages circulf JULY 35, DOG RACE RAIDERS DEFY COURT ORDER Betting Booths Are Hit Second Time, Despite Contempt Charges ..Against Authorities. ' 1929, the first race and arresting 64 track offi- cials and attaches. ‘The raid, like the one Tuesday night, was conducted despite a temporary in- junction granted the track against “lawless arrest” and two citations for contempt of court pending ~against Swanson and other officials for two pre- Three thousand patrons, many of whom were walf in line to booths when refused admit- $3,000 to $7,000 | Small Cash Pa; Balance Like 'nt All in Good Condition Immediate Possession By the Associated Press. ST. LOUIS, July 25.—Jack Gans, 29, former Little Rock, Ark. broker, shot |leans for about and killed himself in a hotel room last , | night as police attempted to enter to arrest him on a charge preferred by a 17-year-old former beauty contest win- first internal combustion engine,’ in- vented by Eugenio Barsanti, is also on exhibition. Invented Automatic Telephone, ‘There are also to be seen the aj paratus of Father Sacchi, a ploneer the study of sun spots; of Righi, noted for his early work on electro-magnetic waves, and the first central automatic telephone system invented by Marzi in 1886. - The first apparatus constructed by Galileo Forraris for the study of ro- tating magnetic flelds is likewise on ex- hibition. The apparatus of Antonio Pacinetti, credited by some with the in- vention of the dynamo, occuples a prominent place in the exhibit. It is evident that Italy holds a high | place in the world of science and of in- vention. The present exposition shows a justifiable pride in her achievements and will undoubtedly stimulate the younger minds of Italy to like en- It i= hoped that this first | national exposition may be followed by | many others and that each may mark | some great Italian achievement. This expofition looks into the future as much as it glorifies the past. Many firemen were overcome by | fumes during a fire in the wine vaults | beneath the Queen Victoria Markets, Sydney, Australia, recently, but all have recovered. Refinish your floors with the varnish that wears longest ERRY BROTH- ERS’ Liquid Granite is the famous million-steptest vare nish. In many homes it has survived two and three generations of wear on floors and wood wo r k without refinishing. This is the varnish for your floors. Tts smooth surface d o es not gather dust and "a damp rag will wipe it clean. Liquid Granite will not crack, chip or peel. It is waterproof and won't turn white. Use the floor finish that does not need con- stant attention or fre« quent replacement, It wears. RUDOLPH & WEST| COMPANY Blazed Trail in Chemistry. In chemistry Ttaly ean point with ' ide to Avagadro. To him is due that 7 11332 New York Avenue N.W. ot weather doesn’t steal flavor from this coffee! Washington, D. C. ROYAL FRUIT FLAVORED GELATINE Have you tried it as an Iced Drink? 2 Pies. 15€ White House EVAP. MILK He was representative of the John F. Clark Co. of New York and New Or- | San Diego, San Franc to New York and became somewhat of a sensation from reckless operations on the stock market, only to be arrested for allegedly passing fraudulent checks. | cially estimated at 39,193,856. t * The purchase will include theaters in | By the Associated Press. isco, Tacoma, a year and then went f.“l?_"‘“" Seattle and Salt Lake City, 18| under orders from State's ‘Attorney John A. S8wanson, conducted their sec. 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