Evening Star Newspaper, June 23, 1929, Page 32

International Affairs Declared More Than Ever Interlinked and This Sets Up Discussion as to Future Site of the BY JEROME V. KEATING. A dream cily bursts in new vista upon the eves of the world—a city of clus- tered )plhccs to take its being as the capital of the world. It is a vista still 80 dimly seen that it may well remain only a mirage. Yet there would seem at last to be substance to it—this old vision in new outline. It may lack something of the poet's conception. Not in the full realization of the poet's fancy will the major palace house “the Parliament of Man,” perhaps. But in its new prospect this am city is nov & poet’s idea. It takes the semblance of tangible form because today it is the vision of practical minds—a project it has forced itself upon the atten- tion of the leaders of this modern world of practical affairs. ith the signing of the reparations agreement, this project—for such it has been growing to be—acquired a new seriousness. Another world interna- tional institution is to be set up—the International Bank of Settlements. Pri- marily the function of this bank is to facilitate the transfer of German war Ppayments, but there is foreseen for it a status of gathering importance which will survive the termination of the war liquidation. It promises to be a perma- nent and highly useful adjunct to world finance. ‘Where this bank will be located is still to be decided. But its creation brings acutely to the fore again the movement for a great international center grouping the accumulating or- ganizations having international entity. ‘World Organizations. A catalogue of the international or- ganizations now in existence, as com- pared with those of pre-war days, gives graphic evidence of the extent to ‘which the affairs of nations have be- come interlinked. The war and its aft- ermath may have been the chief im- petus, or it well may be that the great strides in the facilities of communica- tion has been the determining factor. Whatever the explanation, there are today scores of activities and movements international in character where there ‘Wwere only scattered ones before the w.r. And as these organizations have multi- plied, so has gathered—but even yet in on! e form—the sentiment for a “world capital” which would concen- trate all these varied activities. Outstanding among these interna- tional organizations is, of course, the League of Nations. And assembled about it at its seat in Geneva are the head-uarters of more than two score other organizations of world outlook, Geneva today approximates the “world capital” in the stage to which the ideal has progressed thus far. The Peace Palace. ‘The Hague, seat of the World Court, is only of secondary importance as a center for the promotion of the aims to which virtual vy all of these interna- world , Washington—also iter imj int offices of in - ot e . The movement to set un an official “world capital,” either in one of ‘he cities now forming the base Foremost in favor of the h‘;n.umleoamuiu ce. The clustering of all these rami- fled activities in one center would en- , per- plan would lopment.. tal,” with the nations of the rating in its creation, csptivating|lS ope: in its artll'.le possibilities. It rises in conception a &nnonnn of exquisif beauty, idyllic in setting and magni cent in architecture, the modern world's ‘wealth and the modern world's esthetic resources lavished upon its creation. Accessibility would, of course, be an influencing factor in the choice of the site. But no less in this selec- tion, undoubtedly, would be the pa: played by sentiment—and by politics. Inevitable Competition. ‘With the plan still in the visionary stage, nations and municipalities al- ready are vying for preference in the choice. Sentiment and logic dictate a site o1 the Coptinent equipped some- ‘where between the capitals of the two major belligerents in the World War. Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg are in rivalry, with the nations which were neutrals having perhaps the ascendency. Points in France and Germany near the border are not wholly out of the question. Ttaly might be a contender. Any of these nation: undoubtedly, would readily cede ract to be vested with extraterritoriality. The rivalry among cities. based on the possibility that & site in or near & populous center might be considered preferable, is perhaps more kesn than that among nations. And in this rival- | Ty is a large element of sentiment. Existing Edifices. A city of international palaces estab- lished ~elsewhere would mean the “scrapping” of “palaces” in the citles which now contain the chief interna- tional headquarters. 3 gue has its Palace of Peace, built as the home for the World Court. The scrapping of this, however, would perhaps occa- sion less regret than would the relega- tion of the Palace of the Nations, the temple now being erected on the shore of Lake Leman to house the League of Nations. ‘The World Court's palace, supervised in its construction by the government of Holland. has been criticized as defl- clent and inappropriate in some of its srchitectural features. Its general de- sign, Sicillan Romanesque, has been called too antiquated for a building of such a modern use; its towers and loooholes have been characterized too militaristic for an edifice dedicated to the cause of peace; its proportions, its height in relations to its ground area, have been termed a blemish. Palace of Nations. ‘The new Palace of the Nations at mostly on paper, has drawn more favorable notice. The de- selected in an international (but not a world) competition. The United States and other nations not in the were excluded. The chosen design, however, has met with fi:fll approval, and the site is ideal. completed structure will look across the tal stretches of Lake conven- | b Capital of Universe from uarters in Geneva. The magnet of League has attracted in- t'rnationl organizations of collateral aims in growing numbers since the war. A Cosmopolitan City. Geneva has for centuries been metro- politan in character—its history in- scribes the names of noted men of many lands who sought it out by choice favorite retreat for relaxation. NIt is in verity & gem city, set in one of the most beautiful locations in the world, and the Swiss have built their city in ing with its scenic environment. city has an air of newness and modernity, despite its great antiquity. It not only fronts on the lake, but it straddles the Rhone, where the river emerges from Lake Leman to bfll&l course to the Mediterranean. ing the river-separated Genevas are bridges of striking architectural beauty, the Pont du Mont Blanc being rated one of the most beautifui in the world. The Hague, the nearest approach to a world capital in pre-war days, must receive special attention in any casting about for a new and greater world cap- ital. Like Geneva, it has advantage of being located in a country which was neutral in the war. The Hague .out- rivals Geneva in another respect, per- haps. 1t is somewhat more accessible to the chief capitals of Europe and, should the base for the reparations bank be a controlling factor, the H'fie would probably advance a claim of being nearer to the channels of world trade. A Scheme That Failed. Brussels is not now being linkeg for the first time to the idea of a great world city. In 1924 there was promoted in Brussels a rather ndoise scheme for raising $300,000,000 to brin; Brussels this honor. The group behind this scheme proposed to establish an international university as the chief feature of their world city—and the $300,000,000 to finance the program was to come mostly from America. It was suggested that the United States turn over a portion of the European pay- ments on the war debts. from existence being hastened the WE action of the unsym- pathetic Belgian government in ex- pelling its backers from their head- to make way for another world minded undertaking, the International Rubber Fair. (Continued From Pirst Page.) Euroj pean great war, which broke so many friendships, and young David Alken 50 very young, pointments to sec . In the after- the Senate floor, dashes niceties of English style, Passion for Information. a passion for breadth and depth of information and then for rt | delicately accurate use of it. He has a taste for learning, and—by a coincidence which does not always happen—he has also a talent for it. His memory Is amazing. His learning is retained and is usable. On top of a strict and strony academic education he has now pul a J‘“ and thoroughly assimilated wealth of current ncholnn{np on instant legislative subjects. ‘The American tradition which demands that a gut Senator shall be a great scholar in him fully and conspicuously met. Between the time when he left Prince- ton, in 1900, and the time when he en- tered the Senate, in 1922, except for his interval of service in the great war, he first studied and then practiced law. He argued before the United States Su- preme Court on behalf of the United States Steel Corporation in the suit by the Government for its dissolution. The corporation won. Several of the justices thought, and said, that Mr. Reed, of all the lawyers who argued on the cor- poration’s side, argued best. This was perhnga really partly because Mr. Reed, with his powers of mental acquisition and of mental retention to help him, was especially serviceable to the court in giving it off-hand all pertinent statis- tical and mechanical data regarding in- gots, ores, alloys, bessemer converters, open hearth furnaces and the economic position of scrap iron. In 1922 Mr. Reed was elected to the United States Senate and, after six years of the independence of action and of the frankness of speech which have here been glancingly and inadequately instanced, was re-elected in 1928 by the greatest majority ever given to any sen- atorial candidate. Committee Assignments. In less now than seven years in the Senate, Mr. Reed, besides becoming chairman of the military affairs com- mittee, has become a member of the rules ccmmittee and a member of the immigration committee and a member also of the Senate’s two most exalted committees—the committee on foreign relations and the committee on finance. He did the senatorial side of the writ- ing of the immigration restriction law of 1924 and inserted into it its provi- sion for ultimate immigration quotas based on a count not merely (as at present) of the foreign-born among us at a certain date, but of all of us, 1 -born_and native-born together. He became thus the legislative author— 2s well as in every other way the author —of the “national " immigration control method ‘now scheduled to go lously suspe: or repealed) on first of next month. He conducted the senatorial inquiry which uncovered the crimes of the di- the city of their residence or as their | tional t | argues. He usually looks very dejected Brussels, as a leading European capi- tal and an im nt financlal center, would have advantages avershadowing \mneva, ‘The Hl’ue or other smaller | cities as a center for a world bank. As Belgium was the corridor for the Ger- | man invasion of France, so it might now become the avenue to the greater peace era in Europe. Its. location, be-' tween France and Germany, gives it desirability as’ the site for an interna- ' city. And Brussels, a city of expansive ks and attractive boule- vards, would provide a fitting setting | for such a city. | Luxembourg, occupying & buffer po- sition on the map of Europe, is a pos- sibility for the world city. Other cities which might receive consideration are Munich, Lucrene and Locarno BSwitzerland; Ghent in Belgium, where the treaty was signed ending the War of 1812 between the United States and England, and San Remo, Italy, scene | of one of the great post-war confer- | ences. ‘The citles of the French Re- viera. Nice and Cannes, are also pos- | sibilities, their climate counting strongly on their side. Precedents for Plan. ‘The conception of a world capital in its more ideal form envisages a city- state standing aloof from national in- terference — an area self - governing through extraterritoriality. Should a city thus situated be decided up, it ‘would have illustrious precedent. Wash- ington, St. Petersburg, the capital of | Czarist Russia, and more lately Can- berra, Australia’s new capital, are all “artificial” cities in the sense that they were erected on virgin land to stand »s the national seats of government. These cities give impressive evidence; that the idea of a world capital to be erected on a tract now undeveloped is feasible. And they give evidence, too. of the possibilities for architecture and landscaping that the building of & brand-new nl?er-clty would afford. It may well be that eventually—al- though perhaps only in the remote fu- ture—the movement for an official world will crystallize to the point where an extraterritorial city will be considered its only fitting seat. But to justify such a project, rat! than to permit a world capital to grow up in more or less ran- dom fashion, there must come a mobili- zation of world thought upon the idea. For it is a project involving huge_out- lays of money. It also is a project ¥hich { must first demonstrate its need. (Copyright, 1920.) | | | He inherited the stoop from his father and his father's (ltger. The cut of his visage and the lay of his hair— and the stoop—make him look incred- ibly like Rachmaninoff at the piano. His intensity perfects the resemblance. George Wharton Pepper once said of him that he was always at “concert pitch.” He is lovable without malice, but he is always intellectually and emo- tionally taut. He knows perfectly well that the press gallery has numerous signed and enforced rules of “ethical” conduct and the Senate. none. He must, nevertheless, have his fling at the press gallery if it occars to him. He leans over his desk in the Senate and argues as precisely and as pointedly as in a courtroom. e has to pinch himself into orating. He naturally only while he does. Out of that air of misery he produces & rain of remarks, forked and barbed The best descriptive epithet ever was “Mournful Mustard.” He is as mustardly in his politics as in his speeches. He is a “regular” in Pitts- burgh and in Washington, but also an “irregular.” The Pittsburgh Republican ‘organization” s heavily “wet”; but Mr. Reed has unflinchingly the drastic burgh Federal prohibition administra- tor, John ennington, to the dismay and to the rray of all local “regu- lar” “wet” forces. ‘The Republican administrational “or- ganization” in Washington was opposed to the recent bill raising the pay of the employes of the Postal Service. Presi- dent Coolidge vetoed the bill. He la- bored with Mr. Reed to support the veto. Mr. Mellon, his putative political father, labored with him to the same end. Mr. Reed voted to override the veto. He defled Mr. Coolidge and Mr. Mellon in the same breath. His One Idea. No administration can count him beforehand in its bag. No anti-admin- istrational faction can count him be- forehand, either. In Pennsylvania he makes no slightest effort to be a po- it “‘boss.” In Washington he makes no slightest effort to be a drive-wheel in any political one-way machine. This man, politically, has just one idea. ‘That idea is to be a Senator of the United States. Nothing will stop him from it. He has all the signs of it upon him. The very imperfection of his interest in poli- tics is & mark of the Senator supreme. Knox had it. Borah has it. Brandegee of Connecticut had it. Hoar of Mas- sachusetts had it. Your supreme Sena- tor is just simply a Senator. Reed is.| It is as certain as the sequence of day and night that Pennsylvania will for pride keep him in the Senate and that he himself will make himself a great Senator. He possesses, genuinely, seriously and with all fippancies now dismissed, the three basic qualities for that greatness: Untouchable integrity, | untiring scholarship, unbounded cour- age. Civil Service Termed Best in Merit System (Continued From First Page.) efficiently under the merit system than under the spoils system. It is astonish- ing, though, how many persons high in public life write to the commission saying that the whole system should be abolished just because the procedure has not worked out to their liking in some indiyidual instance. Public Interest Paramount. In the administration of the civil service law and rules, of course not every one can be satisfied. There must be disappointments, and doubtless there are cases of :‘l:rll'!nt hardship. The law and the rules are executed with what is belleved to be justice, first consideration being given to the pub- lic service. The interests of the in- dividual, however, are safe rded. Most people realize the economic value of the merit system. The Civil Service Commission expects critieism, How- !rea‘u.enfly some one makes a sug- gestion that is really helpful and con- structive. The Civil Service Commission is the oldest of the bureaus of the Government that are independent of the 10 major departments. It has not escaped over- haul by ever, times by con- ittecs, each time with same result—a clean “bill of health. (Copyright, 1929.) It's Great Sport. Prom the Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail. tossed at him from the press gallery | The — | that shall be taken. Congress, having been for- ;| mally investigated five . K lonal commif IS TRACED TO DECEMBER, 1775 Records Also Show First Flag of Fleet Was British | Union With Thirteen Stripes in Field. Hoisted by John Paul Jones. To the Editor of The Star: A short time ago, while stationed at Newport, & friend handed me a clip- ping from The Washington Evening Star on which was a letter questioning the existence of a Navy early in De- cember, 1775, and the use by the Navy then of a Union Flag (British crosses) with 13 stripes in the field. Please note the following from the autoblography of John Adams: “On ‘Tuesday, November 28 (1775). the Con- gress resumed the consideration of the rules and orders for the Navy of the United Colonies, and, the same being debated by paragraphs, were agreed to. *** They were drawn up in the marine committee, and by my hand. but examined, discussed and corrected by the committee. In this place I will take the opportunity to observe that the pleasantest part of my labors for the four years I spent in Congress from 1774 to 1778 was in this naval com- mittee. Mr. Lee. Mr. Gadsden were sensible men and very cheerful, but Gov. Hopkins of Rhode Island, above 70 years of age, kept us all alive, Upon business his experience and judgment were very useful. But when the busi- ness of the evening was over he kept us in conversation till 11, and some- times 12 o'clock. His custom was to drink nothing all day, nor till 8 o'clock in the evening. d then his beverage was Jamaica spirit and water, It gave him wit. humor. anecdotes, sclence and learning. ~He had read Greek, Roman and British history, and was familiar with English poetry. 4 ticularly Pope, Thomson and Milton, and the flow of his soul made all his reading all our own, and seemed to bring to recollection in all of us all we had ever read. I could neither eat nor drink in these days. The other gentle- men were very temperate. Hopkins never drank to excess, but all he drank was immediately not only converted into wit, sense, knowledge and good humor, but inspired us with similar qualities. ““This committee soon purchased and fitted five vessels; the first we named Alfred, in honor of the foupder of the greatest navy that ever existed. second, Columbus, after the dis- coverer of this quarter of the globe. The third, Cabot, for the discoverer of this northern part of the continent. The fourth, Andrew Doria, in memory of the great Genoese admiral, and the fifth, Providence, for the town where rted | she was ‘purchased, the residence of Gov. Hopkins and his brother Ezek, whom we appointed first captain. We appointed all the officers of all the ships. At the solicitation of Mr. Deane we_appointed his brother-in-law, Capt. Saltonstall.” Given Leave to Rest. On December 9 Adams notes in his dairy that, worn down with long and uninterrupted Jabor, he asked and ob- tained leave from Congress to visit his State and family. He left on that date, and _there is no entry in his jour- nal after December 10 until January 24, 1776, Wednesday, “Began my jeurney to Philadelphia. Dined at C. Miffiin's with G. Washington and Gates and their ladies and half a dozen sachems and warriors of the French Caghnawag: tribe, with their wives and children.’ This was the only time that Adams was a member of the naval committee, for on his return he found a larger com- mittee on which he was not a member. It is necessary to fix the date upon which Hopkins became commander-in- chief of this fleet. In the Rhode Island Historical So- clety Collection—Hopkins' Papers—is the following letter to Brig. Gen. Esek Hopkins: “Philadelphia, November 6, 1775. “You will perceive by a letter from the comimttee dated yesterday that thev have pitched upon you to take the command of a small fleet, which they and I hope will be but_the beginning of ‘one much larger. I suppose you may be more serviceable to your coun- try in this very dangerous crisis of its affairs by taking upon you this com- mand than you can in any other way. 1 should therefore hope that this will be a sufcient inducement for you to accept of this offer. Your pay and perquisites will be such as you will have no reason to complain of. Such officers and seamen as you may pro- cure to come with you may be in- formed that they will enter into pay from their first engaging in this serv- ice, and will be entitled to share as prize one-half of all armed vessels and the one-third of -fll transports “ e “STEP HOPKINS.” In the Revolutionary correspondence published by the Rhode Island Histori- cal Society is the order to Comdr. Abraham Whipple. Whipple's Orders. By the Hon. Nicholas Cvoke, esq., Gov., Capt. Gen. and Commander-in- chief of and over the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plan- tations in New England, in America. To Abraham Whipple, commander of the sloop Katy, in the service of the colony aforesaid, greeting: At the request of the committee ap- pointed to act du the General Assembly, you are hereby directed to take on board the said sloop | han Katy the seamen engaged by Brig. Gen. ‘Hopkins, in the Continental service, and wlt?l them and the officers and the men to the sloop belonging, you are to pro- ceed immediately to Philadelphia. 1If the honorable Continental Congress are equipping a naval force to act against the enemy upon the Coast of New England, that will sail soon, you are to remain there in order to sail with and assist such fleet in their rations upon the said coast. But the fleet of the United Colonies is destined for any otner part of America, you are to apply yourself to the Hon. Stephen Hopkins and Saumel Ward, esqs., Nathaniel Mumford, as Greene and Gideon Mumford, esgs., all of this colony, whom you will find in Philadelphia, who will furnish you with s of flour upon account of the colony, which you are to lade on board the said sloop, mediately to this place; and for your s0 doing this be your sufficient warrant. Given under my hand and ring the recess of [ worg and return therewith im- n seal at Providence, this 21st day of No- vember, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy- five. Nich's Cooke. Providence, No- vember 21, 1975. I acknowledge the above and afore written to be a true copy of my orders from his honor the governor, which I promise to observe and follow. Abraham Whipple. Gov. Cooke, in a letter to S. Hopkins and S. Ward at Philadelphia dated from Providence, November 27, 1775, said: “Capt. Whipple, who sailed last night for Philadelphia, took a schooner of 30 tons, from Boston, addressed to G. Rome, for fresh provisions.” Committee's Reply. The committee referred to by Gov. Cooke in_the orders to, Whipple wrote: “Philadelphia, December 2, 1775.— Sir: We wrote you a few days since, and acquainted you that we were to wait on the tommittee of claims the next morning. We did s0, and on opening the accounts there immediately arose a doubt whether any allowance should be made us for the arms which were charged, and also for the bounty, and whether any allowance be made for removing the stock from the islands, all of which they concluded must be laid before Congress, which is not yet done. We have attended every day. Gov. Ward. to whom we applied about this matter, tells us it cannot be brought on till Monday next, so that ‘we have spent one whole week here and done nof g. As Capt. Whipple is not yet arrived, we can say nothing re- specting his being taken into Conti- nental service. Gen. Hopkins, this morning, desired us to acquaint you that 'tis yet a matter of doubt whether he engages in the service here or not. He seems to think the encouragement given to the seamen so small that a sufficient number cannot be raised in time to do anything to purpose this season, and that if he does not engage in this service, he will set out for home as soon as his son and young Mr. Jenckes are well of the lm:lslgox. They were inoculated last Wednesday, and are still about the streets. We wish we could acquaint your honor of the time when we shall set out. * Nathl }fluéhford. Tho. Greene, Gideon Mum- ord.” ‘These two boys who were inoculated on 29 November, 1775 (Wednesday), became midshipmen in the fleet. In the Journals of Congress for Saturday, 2 December, we see there was much raval activity. Amongst others are these items: “Resolved, That the committee for fitting out armed vessels be directed to employ the armed sloop commanded by Capt. Whipple, now on a voyage to this port, and despatch her forth- with to aid the marine business to the southward.” “Resolved, That the committee for fitting out armed vessels be directed to prepare a proper commission for the captains or commanders of the ships of war in the service of the United Colonies.” “The committee appointed to prepare the form of a commission, etc., geported the same, which was read and agreed to. Ordered that 300 be immediately printed, with proper blanks.” Jones’ Commission. John Paul Jones, writing on 7 Decem- ber, 1779, said: “It is four years ago this date I received my commission as the senior of the first lieutenants of the Navy.” The actual commission of Ab- raham Whipple to command the Co- lumbus is in the Burton collection of the Detroit Public Library, and is dated 8 December, 1775. The commissions of the Alfred were all dated the 7th, those of the Columbus the 8th, etc. The sloop belonging to the Navy of Rhoie |- Island and commanded by Whipple,!| although not arrived on Saturday, 2 December, had arrived by the 6th, for in the Journals of Congress there is: “Upon motion made, Resolved, That the three prisoners taken by Capt. A. ‘Whipple, and in his passage to Phila. delphia, who are now on board his vessel, be delivered to the Committee of Safety of the Colony of Pennsyl- vania, who are directed to secure them in safe custody in some gaols in said colony.” This sloop, the Katy, was taken into the Continental service and named Providence. 1783, to Robert Morris (draft in Li. brary of Congress) Jones wrote: * was offered a captain’s commission at first to command the Providence,” but declined it. Jones was the senior of the first lieutenants, and had fitted out the flagship, the Alfred. . Saltonstall, who had ‘been appointed to command the Alfred, had not arrived, and Jones was the commanding officer when Hop- kins took command of the fleet as com- mander-in-chief. In the same letter to Morris of 10 October Jones wrote: “It was my fortune as the senior of the first lieutenants to hoist (myself) the flag of America (I chose to do it with my own hands) the first time it was displayed. Though this was but a light circumstance, yet I feel for its honor more than I think I should have done if it had not ha-nened.” The ‘myself” has been inserted, and I chose to do it with my own has the pen drawn through it. In a letter to the Earl of Dartmouth, from Maryland, December 20, 1775, a correspondent writes: “An admiral appointed, a court established, and the 3d instant the Continental flag on board the Black Prince, opposite Phila- delphia, was hoisted” The Black Prince was renamed the Alfred by the naval committee. That Washington at Cambridge knew about the fleet, probably told by Adams on his way home, is evidenced by his general orders—"Headquarters, Cam- bridge, December 24, 1775. (Parole, Alfred) (Countersign, Hopkins.)” Sails From Philadelphia. The fleet sailed from Philadelphia on January 4, as shown by “A Journal of a Cruse in the Brig Andrew Doria Nicholas Biddle Esqr. . Port of In a letter of October 10, | b; is|in the River Delaware as yet wn. Portraits of Nineteenth Century Americans by Gamaliel Bradford—Japan and the Japanese—Several Novels for Summer Reading’ THEM: Portraits of Some Nineteenth - Century Amer- icans. By Gamaliel Bradford, au- thor of “Life and 1" etc. Boston: Houghton Miffiin Company. BSTER, Clay, Calhoun, po- litical builders; Greeley, the journalist; Edwin Booth, dramatic genius; Prancis ! James Child, scholar; Asa Gray, scientist—these men so broadly representative of nineteenth century. America, step forward into life again under the revitalizing hand of Gamaliel Bradford. In effect, Mr. Bradford says, “Here comes Daniel Webster.” And ‘Webster, the living blood-and-body man. appears before the reader in a personal ‘actuality. So with each of these other men, influential in his individual way upon his own time and u the suc- ceeding years also. Histarians have al- ready written about these celebrities, all of them. Biographers have taken then in hand, each of them. How is it that Gamaliel Bradford is able so com- pletely to re-embody his characters, where seniors in his eraft have not so signally succeeded? Here are keen sight, hard sense, sharp wit, sober humor, frank statement—all qualities of the practical manager. These go into Mr. Bradford's literary work. Here is the fine scholarship made finer and more useful by application to it o these personal traits of the New Eng- land author. The times, too, serve Gamaliel Bradford. History is being tested for its truths. No longer is it enough to restate old records. They must be proved by every available means—material and mental. Fresh | documents—letters, legal reports, busi- ness chronicles—are today in their hey- day of usefulness, proving out the truth of this or that in respect to the his- toric men of other days. Psychology is at hand to uphold, or uproot, earlier judgments of behavior and action at momentous points. The critical spirit is softening and breadening in respect to human actions. It is coming to be possible, slowly coming to be possible, for one to be different from the com- mon run and yet not to be a moral leper. The idea is growing also that a man'’s life is an adventure, fit to be set out in story. Its hero is the man him- self, the outstanding figure that meets the amazing interlude of life accord- ing to the powers of his own existence, powers that have come from blood strain, from environment, from early habit, from a stirring and inciting outer world. It is all of these commanding elements of the new bis phy, plus the slow-smiling personality of the writer himself, that contribute to the vitality of the book in hand, to the other books of like nature by Gamaliel Bradford, and to Gamaliel Bradford himself as a direct potency in the fleld of biographic literature, in the field of history by way of its greatly influ- ential men and women. * K ok K THE LANDS OF GODS AND EARTH- QUAKES. By Douglas Gilbert Har- ing. ;, Columbia Uni- versity tion takes hold of one. For this is no running account of travel grab- bed off the top of things in a rapid transit across country. ad, here are pictures many and moving sketched by a man who, having lived in Japan, chooses with knowledge and delibera- tion that which is char: and essential. So, confident. you sit down to the ceremony of “Ge! a Ne: God,” or stand b/ at the swift rebuild- ing of a city torn to pleces by earth- quake and fire. Somewhat disillusioned iy,ou go hunting for the famed cherry lossoms of Japan, deciding to confine that experience, thereafter, to Wash- ington, D. C., where the national pride | of Japan is set out in a beautiful effect of artistry. You go shopping with this American, learning things p!mml:fi‘to the diet of people: among these things is “Meat for Dinner.” “A Ghost Dance of Old Japan” tells of other days and “The Honorable Foxes” point upon strange gods and a thousand household shrines. A beautiful sketch of the cere- monious etiquette of these people is well worth the study of busy and careless Americans, for it is sourced in a true delicacy of the spirit itself. Here are sketches of the natural beauty of the islands and here are examples of Jap- The resources of Japan are swiftly gathered and from these there follows a summary of the significant fact of serious overcrowding. with expansion as the next point of interest and consid- eration. Japan, the progressive, is pre- sented tersely. Knowledge, informality, intimacy, variety, grace—these are the qualities that give to “The Land of Gods and Earthquakes” excellent sub- stance for the reader and that provide, as well, a most interesting series of use- ful views for- his enjoyment. * kK ¥ UNDERSTANDING WOMEN. By K.A. ‘Wieth-Knudsen, professor of Eco- nomics and Jurisprudence, Norwe- gian Technical College, Trodhjem. Translated by ur G. Chater. New York: Elliot Holt. «(QNE thing is certain; if—and if, and if"—"Well, then the white man has seen his best days. ~And this Westward & much Ice in ye. River. At 6 Do Came to at ye. Plerse at Liberty Iland, & was there Detain'd by ye. Ice till the 17th.” Gadsden, one of the naval committee and referred to by Adams in the ac- count above, was the son of an ex- British naval officer, and about the middle of January set out from Phila- delphia to take a pilot boat at New Castle to return to Charleston, B. C. The vessel was run ashore on the North Carolina coast by the British. e following account was probably given y Gadsden: “NEWBERN, N. C. “Feb! 9, 1776. “By a gentleman from Philadelphia, we have received the pleasing account of the actual sailing from that place of the first American Fleet that ever swelled their sails on the Western Ocean, in defense of the rights and liberties of the people of these Colonies, now suffering under the persecuting rod of the British ministry and their more than brutish tyrants in America. This fleet consists of five sail, fitted out from Philadelphia, which are to be joined by two ships more from Maryland, and is commanded by Admiral Hopkins, a most experienced and venerable sea- captain. (Here follows an account of the names somewhat similar ‘to that given by Adams). They sailed from Philadelphia amidst the acclamations of many thousands assembled on the joy- ful occasion, under the display of a Union Flag with 13 stripes in the fleld, emblematical of the United Colonies: but unhappily for us the ice obstructs the passage down.' When this fleet sailed it captured Nassau, and the St. James Chronicle, London, from Thursday, July 18, to Saturday, July 20, 1776, notes it; “by a letter from Liverpool we are informed that the Fleet which plundered the Island of New Providence consisted of seven sail * * * e colours of the American Fleet were striped under the Unlon with 13 strokes called the Thir- ¢ | the real, RIADINO here, & prompt satisfac-|De: anese art in its source and treatment. | time the break-up will be due to his having carried to excess two of his noblest and most honorable virtues; his trust in woman’s good qualities, and his leniency, born of the sense of strength, toward her weaknesses—till these virtues become vices, amid which his civilization will languish, to the ad- vantage of the many other races among whom more natural relations between the sexes are still prevalent and con- tribute more than anything else to give their culture just that stability which is lacking in ours.” This is the conclusion, and these are the closing words of this scientist's study of the general theme *Under- standing Women.” Much historic and psychologic material has, in the hands of Dr. Wieth-Knudsen here taken on a form sufficiently popular and readable to command a pretty general attention. To command also vigorous denial and heated protest. Here is an outline of the evolution of marr nd the effect of the family, as such, at various periods of history. Even in the ancient days there was the “woman question,” in the middle ages, too. But, interest centers in the present, and hsre the author gives a full account of modern feminism in its origin, in its economic facis and implications, in its relation to legal re- latl hips. Finally the author sums d positive, contributions of the woman’s movement to civilization and to the promises of the future. From the serious and eam&leuly dispassionate study may be gathered the forecast that man is doomed—delightfully and agreeably . doomed—by his confidence, by his generosity to women, by his curious blindness to the truth about them, by that glamorous menace known as “chivalry.” To be sure you will fight the book. The theme leads to that, since it is a theme that will instantly be trans- ferred from the general field to a per- sonal reception. Moreover, it is hard to grasp the scientific spirit, so absorbed in the search for truth, so unmindful of the personal application. This man cares nothing for the individual. He is making a stydy, historical, in its full content, a study by way of which he looks out upon the present and the future of womankind as an influence in civilization itself. Surely, you are going to pounce upon this book and its author. ‘That is all ht. For to do this you will be comfi led to read it—which is the main point. * ok ok ® THE ROAD. By Andre Chamson. Translated by Van Wyck Brooks. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. IMPLE, cool, true to nature and to human nature—here is a new novel by a young French writer, likely to be- come better known to readers who are tired of eccentric, bizarre, neurotic as- pects of modern life as substance for so much current fictlon. This is a study of peasant life, of the countryside in France, of the small interests that make up existence there, of the deep feelings that, nevertheless, often stir those living Upon this broad background Andre Chamson traces the rsonality and character of each of two French peasants, a man and his wife. In the woman there is the seed of ava- rice. This is acted upon by a change in the mode of life for the two. They always lived to ‘The malady of money getting tai hold upon the woman. Not an unusual thing to have happen anywhere. A second seed, avarice. Here in straight course and in perfect fidelity to the mat- ter itself, this author follows the work- ings of the poison in the heart'and con- duct of this woman. He makes no gen- eral n?plinnnn. The reader does that, out of the comprehension and clarity of M. Chamson’s intent and procedure. Another study stands one. That is lhzr::lmllfl. to the peasant ways, to animals and their care, to their love for him. Here is a dependable hold on life and this the aut ‘makes plain by 'Rno’ the man himself. He, the wife has died, goes back to the realities from which he had been led '"]’,' ‘The story is more than merely simple. It is transparent, also, the reader partakes of the whole matter, so communicable is it. A beau- tiful workmanship stands in plain evi- dence here as the medium of life by way of fiction. * R kR MAREEA-MARIA. By Sophie Kerr, author of “One Thing Is Certain," etc. New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co. CURRENT theme, yet a lasting one. Like a river. Always a running stream. Yet, every hour turning a fresh, though familiar, aspect or mood outward. Here is a story of the family in one of its most common phases, in one of its most prolific sources of sor- row and disaster. Mother, son, son's wife. It is an old theme, yet as open to new treatment as there are varieties in human temperament and in situa. tion. We are just coming to see, or to acknowledge, that there is no passion * | more devouring, more selfish, more un- reasonable, than sometimes comes into the open under the hypnotizing name of “mother love.” & mother’s love for her son. The discovery, at first a gen- uine shock, is now offering the novel- ist an incomparable chance for the heart searching and mind searching that, nowadays, constitute an out- standing function of the story writer. Sophie Kerr has selected for the mother and mother-in-law, one of those dour women who look askance at happiness of any sort, who still hold to the Puri- tanic notion that pleasure is of the devil himself. The girl, the son’s wife is, of all sorts in the world, a happy, laughing, joyous, beautiful creature, Italian in birth and temperament. And the battle is on. The boy, in between, is torn by besleging loyal of opposite demand, bewildered by loves, both real, both violent as hate itself. The story, so straight and strong in its projection, becomes, in effect, a study in tempera- ment and situation. It moves along the lines of romance, partly the ro- mance of youth itself and g:my that of the colorful Italian ckground which so Influences the girl's behaviors under. the strain of this marital ac- | commodation. Which one wins? You know. At 1iast, you know to which one the first triumphs go. “A long lane” though—which through the ut- most simplicity of situation and home- liness of appearance, you will follow in an interest that combines admira- respect for the sturdy, yet art of this competent novelist. * K ok x IN THE BEGINNING. By Norman Douglas, author of “South Wind.” New York: The John Day Co. BELATED notice. My misfortune. Yet, maybe this is the minute, after all, to read this happy comedy which tells of matters so far away from the tremendous doings of all sorts that so beset the passing moment. Taken up late, as I have indicated, it came e & swim, or long easy walk in Autumn, like any other and comely event of exactly the righ stripe at the moment of need. Well, this is a story of the day so I gone by when there were gods and desses on the carth. . Before Adam and Ev: | took over the management of things. | No good, no evil, to alternately bless and ldlnag flu:l.?ilt:!l:. It is ITY thlllzb nsive day an equally spacious es us e 8 that the old divinities could to alize the tion d dramatic, . popular. 3 stories. Even if some of them are a bit beyond acceptance, there is no use in stirring up days and centuries so far away as these are portrayed to be. Pine comedy, good story, first-rate en- tertainment for a Summer hour. BOOKS RECEIVED THE YOUNG_ FOI " POLAR EXPLORATION. By E. L. Ellas, M. A. Illustrated in color and black and white. Boston' Little, Brown & Co. THE MIDDLEMAN. By Jesse Rains- ford Sprague, author of “The Mak- ing of a )lmh;ng; New York: ‘Willlam Morrow . WHAT TO DO THE WHOLE YEAR THROUGH:; Twelve Months of Happy Activities for Children. By Reba Mahan Stevens. Illustrated by Florence Liley Young. Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. MODERN _LIBRAR' B osoyvety, Transiated by lor ysvsky. ns! 3 Constance Garnett. New York: The Modern Library. THE OHALLENGING CHRIST; Six Questions and Answers About Jesus. By John Brittan Clark, D. D., Pastor of Erskine Memorial Church, Tryon. N. C. New York: Fleming H. Revell AND THE NEW. Dedicated to the G. A. R, Passing by on the March to Immortality. By Harrison 8. Morris. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippin- cott Co. YOUNG BLOOD. By Francis Lynde. New_York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 'TERESTS of tion, University of Chicago, and Ruth Munroe, A. M., Formerly Assistant in the Public Library, Cleveland. New York: The Macmillan Co. CEDAR BOX; Poems. By Robert With a Foreword by Louls {anapolis: ~ The L. Benedict, A. M., M. D., P. New York: Allen Ross & Co. GODS AND MEN: The Attainment of Immortality. By W. J. Perry. New York: William Morrow & Co. DEMONSTRATION FOR THE JEWS. By Albert P. Schack. Published by the author. QUAKERS IN ACTION: Recent Hu- manitarian and Reform Activities of the American Quakers. By Lester M. Jones, Ph.D., Professor of Sociol- ogy, DePauw University. Introduc- , D. D., LLD., College. New York: The Co. EDUCATION; And lustrated. New York: Orange Judd Publish Co. c. JARDEN . By Isabella Preston, Division of Horticulture, Central Ex- perimental Farm, Ottawa. Illus- trated. New York: Orange Judd Publithing Co., Inc. THE GOLD TRAIL: How Two Boys Followed It in '49. By Louise Platt Hauck. Tlustrated by Harold Cue. ern Young Crimihal. By R. A. Bald- win. Boston: Meador Publishing Co. PUBLIC LIBRARY Recent accessions at the Public Li- brary and lists of recommended read- ing will appear in this column each Sunday. { Civilization. Dawson, C. H. The Age of the Gods; dy in the Origins of Culture. .B. The Old Savage in the New. FE-F180. Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli. Kalki: or, tnhrummre of Civilization. HAC- Randall, J. H. Our Changing Civiliza~ tion. FE-R 1540. Robinson, J. H. Civilization. FE-R568. Biography. Bowerman, G. F. The New Biography. Breft- 2 1 3 ‘Wellington. E- ‘W463br. Fetzer, Herman. The Book of Rabelais. E-R 112fe. Howe, M. A. D. W. James Ford Rhodes. E-R346h. Meehan, Mrs. J. P. The Lady of the Limberlost. E-P836m. Nichols, S. B. His Life and Letters. 1900-25. E-N5188n. Smith. A. D. H. John Jacob Astor. E-As84s. . Production., American Academy of Political and So- cial Science, Phila. Farm Rellef. mflu:l-Agxavf. ey, H. C. Co-operation in Agricul- ture. HE-F48. Ford, Henry. My Philosophy of Indus- try. HE-F75. Lippincott, Isaac. What the Farmer Needs, HE83-L66w. Sherman. W. A. Merchandising Fruits and Vegetables. HES3-Sh56m. Yoder, F. Introduction to. Agricul- tural Economics. HE83-Y73. French Books. Balde, Jean, Pseud. Reine d'Arbieux. Y39F-B 103r. Bedel, Maurice. Jerome. 1927. Y39F- B393j. Chack, L. P. A. Sur les Bancs de Flan- dre. 1927. F30794-C343. Labiche, E. M.. and Martin. Edouard. La Poudre aux Yeux. Y39D-L 113p. La Drevetiere, L. F. Sleur de I'lsle Arlequin Sauvage. Y39D-L 127. Oliver. TheBook You Want < When You Want It ERE you may obtain for a small Hznl‘n—:zmu;mel of fiction ormi&uumy and L are viting. You start and step when you WOMRATH'S izt 109 F Swreet. 3048 14 Swoet, N W.