Evening Star Newspaper, June 5, 1929, Page 8

.5 e {THE EVENING STA With Sundsy Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C WEDNESDAY......June 5, 1920 R THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Bustaess Office: St. and Pennsyivania Ave. ork Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. hicago Office: Lake Michigan Buildiris. uropesn Office: 14 Regent St.. London. England Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Star..... 452 per month snd Sinday Star 8ys) 60c per month Star 85¢ per month St I8¢ per copy D olies fen made &t the end Sf tach menth oOrders may be sent in by mail or telepnone Main 8000. | Bate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, T $10.00: 1 mo. 83 a7 Snfy2un9eT:rr ] 3 *1800; 1 mo. & inday onty $4.00: 1 mo. 40 ar All Other States and Canada. fly ‘and Sunday..l yr.,$1200; 1 mo. 3100 | aily only . Ir, mo.. 75, Bunday only 1 yr. #500: 1 mo.s e herein becial” dispatches herein are also reserved _— While Congress Argues. ‘While Congress continues arguing the | pros and cons of farm relief legislation the prospects of the farmer grow black- er. Already there has been a tre-| mendous slump in the price of wheat. The new crops in this country and| abroad are expected to be unusually | heavy. Unless Congress moves prompt- 1y whatever chance existed for real aid to the farmer this year is likely to van- ish, even if it is not now too late to! be effective. The delay arises because the Democrats of the Senate and a group of Republican insurgents con- tinue to cling to the debenture plan. They have assumed the position that they will take the debenture or nothing. | Such a position means no legislation at all, for neither the House nor the President will stand for the adoption of & plan which is not only unsound, but which doubtless would bring about | & continuation of the unfortunate ~~n- ditions in agriculture, since it would stimulate overproduction. The country, including the farmers, looked to President Hoover to handle the difficult farm problem. It confi- dently expected the prompt passage by Congress in special session of farm re- lief legislation in accordance with the views of the administration. The country wished its newly elected Presi- dent to have an opportunity to deal with the problem. It had confidence in him and still has. But the Senate, in its wisdom, has declined to permit the passage of such legislation and thereby has denied the farmers the setting up of a Federal Farm Board with wide powers to advise and ald them. It has prevented the establishment of a $500,- 000,000 Tevolving fund to be used for the more orderly marketing of farm crops including wheat. And yet there are Senators who today are attacking the administration because, forsooth, it has failed to keep its eampaign pledge of prompt legislation for the aid of the farmer. The conferees of the Senate and the House on the farm relief bill two weeks after the passage of that bill by the Senate are still struggling. They have compromised some of the differences between the two houses. But still the debenture clause hangs suspended, de- laying a final report on the measure. Yet it is well understood by the mem- bers of the Senate that the farm bill cannot become a law containing the debenture clause. Sooner or later the bill is expected to be written finally. In the meantime, however, the Ameri- can farmer is compelled to wait for a measure of relief which should have been accorded him long ago. Politics 1s politics even though farm relief must lag thereby. | i e It is said that Mussolini is in absolute control of the Italian press; which, it must be admitted, is producing nothing particularly brilliant in the way of cur- sent journalism. r——— Dr. Work’s Decision. The resignation of Dr. Hubert Work from the chairmanship of the Repub- lican national committee is a surprise. It was generally expected that Dr., Work would continue to direct the! operations of the national organization | of the G. O. P. Indeed, all his an-! nounced plans since the election last| November have looked to the building | up of a permanent organization, con-i stantly at work, so that the need of | building anew every four years would | be eliminated. Dr. Work, however, “does not choose” to continue as na-| tional chairman. His going is not im-| mediate, for his resignation will not be effective until the Fall and he will eontinue in charge of the headquarters until that time. Dr. Work retires at the flood tide of Republican success. Under his leader- | ship the party won a smashing victory in 1928. President Hoover was glvenl & tremendous electoral vote—444—and defeated his Democratic opponent with & lead of some 6,000,000 popular votes., Despite this overwhelming victory, the campaign was not without its trials| and difficult spots. Many elements were | at work for Mr. Hoover and against him. Issues were injected into the campaign which should not have been there. Passions ran high. It was Chairman Work’s job to hold these con- fiicting elements in hand. In his quiet way he was largely successful. He took upon his own shoulders without complaint blame which might well have gone to others. He was never flustered and was always supremely confident of ‘victory. After the campaign Dr. Work sought no public office or any special recog- nition for his work. He was content to remain chairman of the national committee. Before he assumed that office he had held two posts in the cabinet under President Coolidge. His first appointment was as Postmaster General and his second made him Sec- yetary of the Interlor. In both offices he served with satisfaction and distinc- tion. The veteran politician has no | terially in placing it there. | merce committee to investigate means | and methods whereby the Federal Gov- [ommtnt may assist in discovering & the Republican party. Efforts will be made to discover some rift between the President and himself. Apparently, however, there has been no such rift and no occasion for it. Dr. Work now discloses that he has had it in his mind for a long time to quit the chair- manship of the national committee, and President Hoover says that he was cognizant of Dr. Work's wish. The most. reasonable explanation of Dr. Work's decision to retire seems to be a desire to give up the active management of a huge orggnization which carries with it heavy burdens and anxieties. He will retire at a time when his party is in entire control of the Government, in the knowledge that he has aided ma- ——o—s. Senate Investigation of Cancer. The Senate has authorized its com- “successful and practical” cure for can- cer, The sentiment actuating the in- vestigation is praiseworthy and com- mendatory. But what the Senate can do to hasten the discovery of a cure for cancer is problematical. Buried in their laboratories, scores of scientists throughout the world are working day and night, not to find a cure for cancer, but to determine the cause of cancer. For science is more interested in the cause than the cure. Whether a committee of Senators, by putting the cart before the horse, can do anything worth while toward abol- ishing one of the dread scourges of mankind, remains to be seen. Some time ago Senator Neely of West Virginia offered a bill which would award one million dollars to the person discovering a cure for cancer. The bill did not pass, but the Public Health Service in Washington was swamped with telegrams and cables and samples of so-called “cures,” one of which sug- gested the process of rubbing the left arm against a moss-covered tree as an unfailing remedy. But if the prize ac- tually had been offered, it would still be | awaiting a bona fide claimant. It is doubtful if any prize would spur can- cer research. Money, to science, is a means and not an end. The Senate’s commerce committee, however, might find it practical to in- vestigate the proposal made before a meeting of public health officials here which has just come to a close. This proposal was for the establishment of institutions in the large cities of the country, equipped with radium in sufficient quantities to treat large num- bers of patients and with a staff of surgeons and trained investigators available. There is no “successful and practical” curé for cancer. But surgery and the use of radium are practical and often successful methods of treat- ment which, in the hands of experts, alleviate great suffering. If the Gov- ernment's interest, as indicated by the Senate resolution, is to aid in the con- trol of cancer by available methods, the appropriation of several millions of dollars to assist in the establishment of cancer treatment institutions through- out the United States might prove a practical and helpful form of govern- mental participation in the task. Discovering the cause and cure of cancer is a problem that cannot be placed in the same category with flood control or farm relief or reforestation, where money and effort and knowledge may be combined to reach a solution. The cause and the cure of cancer re- main secrets of nature, so far unre- vealed. And nature has a disheartening disregard for legislative efforts in re- vealing her secrets. —————————— Snobs. ‘The professor who advised his stu- dents to become snobs stirred up a kind of intellectual hornet’s nest. It was a good thing. Students and others ought to think about what they would like to become in life, and how they are to accomplish it. Too often young people go out into the great world without any adequate idea of just what they want to do, and especially without any clear conception of the best means to accomplish their legitimate ends. The psychology of actual living in competition with the re- mainder of the world has been slighted. It will seem to most persons, however, that the advice to young people to be snobbish is rather short of the mark. It has a bad sound, to begin with, and scarcely fits most young people, in the second place. In the third place it is bad advice. In England the term “snob” means “a vul- gar, ostentatious person.” The ordi- nary dictionary definition is “a person who has an excessive and vulgar regard for wealth and social starding,” and “one who vulgarly affects the manners or station of those of superior rank.” Thackeray defined a snob as “he who meanly admires mean things.” In the United States a snob, to most sersons, means one who makes it a point to act in & superior manner—that is, to put on a superiority which he feels he has, but which few other persons recog- nize. The unfortunate part of it is that usually the only way he can so impress others is to stick his nose into the air and fail to speak to others except when he gets ready. All in all, a snob is no admirable per- son, and certainly not one to be aped by ambitious young Americans. The educator would have done better to have selected some other word, since his whole idea seems to have been the inno- cent one of advising young men and | women to make the most of themselves. . Ambitions often end in disappoint- ment. What Charley Lindbergh origi- nally set out for was a quiet little trip to Europe. In Passing. The pageant of national, urban and community life leaves little time for the contemplation of the passing of a mammal which since 1901 graced the | bear cages at the National Zoological Park. So much is going on in the world today that few besides Zoo officlals paused to note the death of the big female Yakatak bear, the oldest mam- mal at the park. Yet she was a fa- | vorite with thousands of children and 1llusions about the honors which come with high public office. Such honors he had had already. ‘He himself tabooed any suggestion that he might go into the Hoover cabinet. Doubtless there "will be speculation regarding Chairman Work's decision to © zelipquish. their parents who visited the Zoo dur- | ing nearly three decades. | Keepers said that during the entire | period of her captivity she had re- THE EVENL e e suffered from the cold 6f Washington ‘Winters. The pool in Summer was her greatest joy. Then she might be seen swimming easily about, plunging in and out of the water and diverting herself in ways which only bears know. ‘The bear in captivity is one of the most interesting of animals, impressing all with its fun-loving qualities. No doubt Bruin is an ugly customer to meet in the woods, but in a zoological garden he is charming. It is pleasing to remember, in pass- ing, that the last hours of the old Yakatak bear were spent in the warm weather she loved. May the two Yakatak bear cubs now on their way from the North soon learn to be as contentéd in their captivity as she was, and to demonstrate as well to passing humanity the virtues and graces of the tribe! . Exit—the Paid Informer. United States Attorney Rover has virtually ended the usefulness to the { Police Department of the paid inform- ers by making known his official atti- tude regarding the type of work that they should and should not perform. The informer, he says, could legitimate- Iy be used to ferret out places where liquor is unlawfully sold. But the Police Department or the prohibition agents must obtain their own legal evi- dence, and not rely upon the inform- ers to get it for them. The testimony of police informers has been so often and so successfully impugned that they have lost standing, as a class, in court. The very title has become opprobrious. Their evidence has been discredited. As Maj. Pratt points out, the utility of the police informer never lay in the informer's ability to locate “speak- easies” or to trace the source of illegal liquor. The police themselves are generally familiar with the location of such spots. The informer's value rest- ed in his ability to obtain evidence that easily could be concealed from the police or the prohibition agents, for these lat- ter officials are generally known and immediately recognized by the bootleg- ger or saloonkeeper. Maj. Pratt in- tends to confer with prohibition ofi- cials in the hope that a substitute for the informer can be found. A substitute should be found. The use of a paid informer, whose fee de- pends upon his success in “making a case,” is wrong in practice and in prin- ciple. The forces of the law should be able to function without him. The reasonable substitute is the pro- | vision of more Federal enforcement agents, or the deputizing of more mem- bers of the Police Department to en- forcement work. The latter step has been recommended by the grand jury, which pointed out recently that the Fed- eral officers spend most of their time in Maryland and Virginia and that the number of policemen detailed to help them in Washington is wholly inade- quate. e Having come into close financial re- lationship with manufacturers of Ger- man dyestuffs, Henry Ford should be dependable for some striking new art effects in motor decoration. ——————— A genial personality should by this time have enabled Harry Sinclair to be fairly comfortable. A few weeks, more or less, in his present association should represent no great hardship. [ — Comdr. Byrd listens to radio, in grati- tude, perhaps, for the forbearance which keeps “Hot Time in the Old Town” out of the station announce- ments. —_———————— The man who used to boast that he could let liquor alone still remains the hope of absolute prohibition enforce- ment. R It is feared that some of Germany's money experts belong to the type of financle, who will promise anything once. —_— e Stocks have sold for more than they appear to be worth. The four-card flush, though seldom filled, has an ir- resistible lure. ‘Washington's climate has, so far, of- fered encouragement to statesmen to remain as long they like. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Precedence. Politeness, we will all agree, Must carefully be nursed. The motto everywhere, we see, Is “Ladies First.” In street cars we may let 'em stand When traffic's at its worst, In politics the watchword grand Is “Ladies First.” Setting the Stage. “Your secretary told me you are very busy.” “That's right,” answered Senator Sorghum. “She has a lot of relations who control votes and I want to keep her impressed with my importance as much as I can.” Jud Tunkins says no man is ever as mean as he imagines he may be if he gets a chance to get even. Sense and Sound. Alas, too often we reject The earnestness of intellect! The orator will bravely shout, And then the jazz band drowns him out., Appearances. “Your daughters have all made charming photographs.” “Yes,” answered Mr. Cumrox, “T have learned to recognize them by their printed pictures. In order to become better acquainted I think I shall re- quest them to assemble at dinner in their bathing suits.” “We say we are seeking the Truth, sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “It is the Truth that is inexorable and finds us out.” Chain Business. And then they Merged, By Profit urged ‘With selfish thought— And then they Fought. mained in good health, but had begun to droop with old age about two weeks ago. Despite the fact that she was one “Riches” sald Uncle Eben, ‘“needs management. Some folks think dey would be puffickly happy if dey had a NG STAR, WASHINGTON. D. WEDNESDAY THIS AND THAT There is no garden book on the market called “How to Water the Gar- den,” but some one ought to write it. Maybe we will do it ourself when we are a hundred years old. “sprinkles” the yard at any time of day or night without giving the matter a thought. Maybe he is right, after all. Since no man has been bold enough to put sprinkling maxims into print, perhaps it is just as well if every home owner do as he please. It is nobody's business. of course, if a back yard gardener allows his grass to burn up in a dry spell or if he floats the roots of his flowers in_water, caus- ing their ultimate wilt and decline. When it comes to watering the yard every home owner has a right to be his own boss, and usually is, even if he ruins his garden in the process. R The great uncertainty in the minds of most gardeners, however, as to the precise amount of watering which should be done in any given situation is what makes such a book as we have outlined necessary. Every one who has experimented even slightly with flowers knows that watering is a moot question indeed. Yet all the garden books and maga- wnes deftly sidestep it, as if the ques- tion were either too trivial for consid- eration or every gardencr were imbued with divine intelligence. ‘Watering the garden is far from a trivial matter—so far, indeed, that La- less the amateur learn a little about it from experience he will have a very poor garden. There are few garden considerations about which the average home owner has less precise knowledge. He finds out the proper depth at which to plant tulips and learns how to keep his soil mulched. Insect pests so force themselves upon his notice that he is compelled to in- vestigate the proper insecticides for their control and to learn from the a; pearance of his plants when to spri and what to spray. He soon learns to distinguish per- ennials from annuals, to know the dif- ference between plants that love the sun_and those which need shade part of the day, to discriminate between the old standard flowers which are always good and some of the lesser offerings which are not very pleasing, to know how evergreens should look in health and when they are dying. Even experience will teach him but slowly how to water for best results. If he is a natural-born gardener this knowledge will come to him almost by instinct. Most of us in the cities, however, are not natural-born gar- deners. We take 1t up because we get a home, or because a neighbor is an ardent dev- | otee of trowel and spade, or simply | because we think it is the thing to do. Whatever the reason, the gardener gets | plenty of sunshine, a bit of exercise and much pleasure. He creates beauty, which is a great deal, and he amuses himself, which is something. * o ox ok ‘Three chief instruments of watering the garden are, in the order of thelr importance: 1. Rain, 2. The hose. 3. The watering pot. Rain is the best medium, because it | puts enough water on, and has the happy property of being outside the con- trol of the gardener. ‘Thus no home owner need worry about watering when Nature takes care of it for him. Given adequate rains at To be envied is the reckless soul who) BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, | more or less properly spaced intervals | and it is no trick at all to have a fine | garden. If Nature, in happy mood, smiles and frowns alternately upon a city thou- sands of back yards will bloom with beauty, although no man or woman so much as go into them. It must be admitted that Nature does not often so solve our garden problems for us. Perhaps she may do it for a month, but then comes the time when everything dries up, the sun smiles and Nature seems to have forgotten us. The genial, drenching rain, for which we long, holds off and holds off. It re- fuses to come pouring down upon the hot, dusty city. Other places may be luxuriating in the sweet coolness brought about by a thunderstorm, but the city we know bakes and bakes beneath a hot sun. . Such is the metropolis visited by the normal Summer dry spell. The garden, big or small, is a miniature picture of the same, with bushes turning brown at the edges, sweet pea vines yellowing from the bottom, and grass showing ob- noxious brown spots. For the latter the rain is the best watering pot there is. Grass needs to send its roots deep to be the sturdy grass which will stand both the heat of Summer and the cold of Winter. With a normal amount of rainfall in Spring and Summer, most lawns will do better if left unwatered by hose. “Sprin- kling” the lawn with just enough water to wet the blades is the surest way to make it “Winter-kiil.” The writer here has proved this for himself over a period of six years. There will be times, of course, when auxiliary water is needed, and in that event the hose is necessary. At other times let it alone—for the grass, at least. o ke Transplanted seedlings should be watered at least once a day for a week or more and, above all, should be pro- tected from the sun for a few days after setting out. An old-fashioned watering pot or can is best for this work. There are English, French and American mod- els of watering pots; one seems about as _good as another. Flower borders should be well watered with the hose during dry spells. There is a look to dry soil that cannot be mis- taken. It is not necessary to walt for plants to begin to wilt under the relent- less ultra-violet rays. Use of a “Boston rose spray” for the hose, instead of the usual nozzle, is to be recommended for all flowers, not only rose beds. Roses are pretty tough, de- spite their weaknesses, so that one may or may not water them, but if the arti- ficial watering is resorted to, be careful to keep the spray off the foliage as much as possible after giving it a pre- liminary refreshing. Expert gardeners no doubt think that a real plantsman will learn how to water his flowers and will be able to tell from the appearance of leaves, flow- ers and soil just when his plants need watering. This is true in the main, but many persons keenly interested in the beauty which is flowers never seem tc possess this ability. To declare that they must blunder along as best they may will not do. Let some expert make a real study of the matter in a scientific spirit, and issue a book setting forth the proper amount of water, measured in quarts, fo rcertain amounts of soil, under cer- tain conditions, etc. With a little proportion of garden philosophy and good humor mixed in, we are sure that some enterprising hor- ticulturist could make a popular hit with a volume entitled “How to Water the Garden.” WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC Sooner of later—Midsummer or Au- tumn, and in the Senate finance com- mittee or on the Senate floor—the country is going to see a cyclonic fight over the Hawley tariff bill. Hardly any one on Capitol Hill can remember a revenue measure that rubbed so many people, interests and sections the wrong way. In the effort to satisfy everybody, the House of Representatives has ap- parently pleased nobody. The element that is hotter under the collar than any other is agriculture. The Repub- lican party promised the farmer higher tariffs on produce, in order to equalize the protective favors so long enjoyed by industry. Agriculture was accommo- dated, but in the same breath the House handed industry so many new tariff boosts that the benefits granted the farmer—as he sees it—are wiped out by the higher cost of everything he'll_have to buy. The horny-handed son of the soil finds himself in the po- sition of the Irishman who lamented that he was “just where he was before, only more so.” * ok ok X No question is more actively can- vassed’ in Washington than whether President Hoover would sign a tariff bill like the Hu‘wley‘.I x)rl\elsu::;. dl\:t;x;‘y liticians say it's dollars lough-~ mu that hey would veto it. They if he did anything else. Hoover recommended “limited changes” in the tariff. The House has enacted un- limited changes. The Senate in all probability will indorse, or even aggra- vate, them. Other politicians are con- vinced the President will not dare to smash_the tariff bill sent him by the Republican Congress landslided ~ into office with himself. If he should—say these wiseacres—Hoover will run the risk of committing political suicide just as Grover Cleveland did when that Democratic President’s tariff-for-revenue stand led to his defeat for re-election in 1888. Hoover's attitude doesn't seem 50 remote from that of Cleveland, who sald that “unnecessary taxation is un- just taxation.” o e Senator Borah is girdiog himself for a ferocious fight against the Hawley tariff. He will wage it on the floor of the Senate and not in Senator Smoot's finance committee, because the Idahoan is not a member of that body. It wiil be one of the lone-hand crusades for which Borah is famed, but another of those which, his admirers fear, will get him nowhere. “Big Bill" would elim- inate all industrial tariff increases, per- haps lower some of the existing rates on manufactures, and limit all rises in rates to farm products. Borah insists that any other kind of tariff revision at this juncture is loub of kpcp&gg :;gx;nc ublican party’s campaign - ;eel:fl.s. So, pbflfore long, there will be added to the gayety of the Nation the spectacle of the Idahoan, who fought Hoover on the farm debenture, battling for the “lipited” tariff changes Hoover vocated. ‘dSemwr McMaster, Republican Pro- gressive, of South Dakota, knows an angel who's ready to back his hostility to power trust propaganda with cold and coplous cash. The angel's existence was disclosed in the course of a radio address by Senator McMaster on recent revelations before the Federal Trade Commission. The address has just been inserted in the Congressional Record. McMaster announced that he had found a buyer for the Boston Herald and Traveler—whose purchase by the In- ternational Paper Co. led directly to the disclosure of power capital's invasion of the newspaper business. “He is a man,” the Senator explained, “whose only ob- | & ject in life is to render real public serv- ice, but Mr. Graustein, president of the International Paper Co., said its newly acquired interests were not for sale.” * ok kK A rabbit's foot for luck—a red carna- tion for health. Apparently that's the rule in the medical delegation in Con- gress. Senator Royal S. Copeland and Representative William I. Sirovich, both of New York, and both physicians by profession, mever appear on Capltol Hill without flaming cardinal pinks in his grasp on he afeiss of of the largest-of Alasken bears, she million dollary’ werth of sisd ghicken.” thels argue that he would stultify himself | gress. WILLIAM WILE conclude there must be a doctor's rea- son there somewhere. * k% % A granddaughter of the City of Washington—Lady Cynthia Mosley— Joins Lady Astor as a British member of Parliament with American blood in her veins. Lady Cynthia (whose husband, Sir Oswald Mosley, has been a Labor M. P. since 1924) is the first wife to sit in the House of Commons along- side her own consort. She is the daughter of the late Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, who in 1895 married Miss Mary Leiter, daughter of Levi 2z. Leiter of Washington, D. C. Lady Cynthia is one of three daughters of that union. She was wedded to Sir Oswald Mosley in 1920, and they have a son and a daughter. Lady Cynthia became converted to Labor at the time of her marriage. Her victory in last week's election was sensational. It turned the Conservative majority of 4.500 at Stoke-on-Trent into a Labor majority of 7,800. * K ok ok Formal rules governing White House newspaper men are now in force. They conform to the conditions to which re- porters and correspondents affix their signatures when they obtain the privileges of the press galleries of Con- . The White House scribes must declare in writing that they're not en- gaged in prosecuting any claim pending before Congress or a Government de- partmen® and are not employed in any way by the American or any foreign government, or by any stock exchange, board of trade or brokerage house, or by any person, firm or corporation in- terested in congressional legislation. The object of this declaration is that a mawsp;;p:-rt man_(or woman) shall not usc, except for newspeper purposes; any information “which may 'be Pproduced from the conferences with the President of the United States.” The scribes must also specify “any other occupation or employment, including publicity work.” (Copyrisht, 1929.) . Gate Receipts Held Main Factor in Athletic Row From the Des Moines Tribune-Capital. ‘Three things are to be noted in con- JUNE 5, 1929 Politics at Large By G. Gould Lincoln. In the second congressional election held within a week the Republicans apparently have been successful, al- though the Democrats won the first. Dr. C. Murray Turpin, the Republican candidate in the twelfth Pennsylvania congressional district, apparently has de- feated Mrs. John Joseph Casey, the Democratic nominee, who was seeking to succeed her husband in the House. Mr. Casey died recently. The latest re- turns indicate that the Republican has a lead of about 500 votes, with prac- tically all the returns in. The Repub- lican victory in Pennsylvania in a measure is an offset to the Democratic victory last Saturday in Kentucky. The Pennsylvania district was held by a Democrat prior to the election yester- day. while the Kentucky district was held by a Republican until Representa- tive Moore was elected Saturday. The Democrats have been much eclated over the victory of their candi- cate in the third Kentucky district. They insist it is an indication that the pendulum is swinging back, following the political upheaval last November, and that they may expect to regain many of the congressional districts hitherto_held by Democrats but which clected Republicans last Fall. A defeat in the Kentucky district would have left the Democrats flat. That district had been held by them for many years up to the election in 1928. * K X ‘The apparent victory of the Repub- licans in Pennsylvania yesterday hasits encouraging feature also for the G. O. P. This district, the twelfth, was car- ried by the Democratic nominee for President, Alfred E. Smith, in Novem- ber, just as the third Kentucky district was carried by Mr. ®oover in that clec- tion. At the same time, a Democrat was elected in the Pennsylvania dis- trict. Mr. Casey, however, had a tre- mendous following and was given both the Republican and Democratic nomina- tions. He was extremely popular with labor and had been elected many times to the House. The district, however, 375“"“ with the athletic upset at Iowa y: 1. The games at Towa City were not money making for the big schools like Chicago and the rest. That is at the bottom of the trouble, for with all the talk about the amateur spirit among players the managers look to the gate receipts. 2. The athletic director had just been dismissed at Iowa City, and the disclosures evidently came from him. 3. The charge against Iowa City is made by Stagg, Yost and Huff, three of the big men in college athletics, and cannot be minimized or ignored. At bottom, the trouble arises from a perfectly impossible adaptation of Eng- lish amateurism to American standards. In England nobody who earns his liv- ing can be an amateur, no matter what he earns it at A carpenter cannot be an amateur golfer, for instance. We have made it so a man must not earn his living out of his sport and be an amateur. But we have gone to all sorts of makeshifts to draw the line. For our big amateurs do make their living out of their sports, and everybody knows it. How many men in golf and tennis have been shifted back and forth from amateur to professional in recent years, according to the way the line was Irawn? There will be time enough for Towa to decide on what to do when the smoke has cleared. But Iowa is out of the “Big Ten,” because Jowa was not a money-making foot ball center for the “Big Ten” elevens. That is the main thing to understand now. They Wither, Too. Fromsthe Roanoke Times. If the gardens would only grow as {8l o8 the sadew slubsl e went Republican in 1924, when the Re-} publican candidate came in with the Coolidge landslide. After the death of Mr, Casey the Democrats determined to place in nomination his widow. Mrs. Casey made a strong run, but seeming- ly has lost the race. The Republicans, while they were solidly behind Dr, Turpin in this contest, were fearful that the great popularity of the late Representative Casey, pius the sym- pathy accorded his widow. might be too much for them to overcome. e ‘The plan for a dinner in honor of Jouett Shouse, chairman of the Demo- cratic executive committee, to be given by the Jefferson Democratic Association of the District of Columbia, has created no little interest. It is the first big Democratic gathering since the elec- tion, with the exception of a dinner which was given in New York. At the dinner, which is to be held in the May- flower Hotel on Monday, it is expected a number of important announcements will be made, both by Mr, Shouse, who is in charge of the national head- quarters here, and by Chairman John J. Raskob of the Democratic national committee, who will attend the din- ner. The Democrats are undertaking to launch, even as early as this, a campaign in many of the congressional districts, particularly in the South and the border States, which they hav usually held, but which they lost last year. While some of the anti-Smith Democrats in the South will not be at the dinner, Representative Box of Texas, who, while Democratic whip of the House last Congress, declared in un- equivocal terms that Chairman Raskob should resign and that the Smith ele- ment generally should relinquish con- trol of the national organization, has said that he will attend the dinner. Mr. Shouse is himself a native of Ken- tucky. He was Democratic member of the House from Kansas and also an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury during the Wilson™ administration. He was a McAdoo supporter in 1924 and worked hard for the election of John W. Davis that year, and last year was at the Smith headquarters in New York. It would appear that the Demo- crats could well unite behind him in his_drive to bring about the election of Democratic Congressmen next year. It has been made clear that Mr. Shouse and his organization here is not set up in the interest of any possible presidential nominee in 1932, * ok ok Chairman Raskob, who has been the center of fire of anti-Smith Democrats | in the South since the close of the last campaign—and before it—recently ad- mitted that he offered to resign the chairmanship of the national commit- tee some months ago, but that the par- ty leaders urged him to remain. He has reduced the deficit of $1,500,000 grow- ing out of the campaign to $350,000 or less. Even when he offered to resign, it was his purpose to see that the debt was wiped out. ‘While Mr. Raskob continues to hold on to the chairmanship of the Demo- cratic national committee, notwith- standing the opposition against him, voiced in some sections of the country, Dr. Hubert Work dropped a political bombshell in Washington last night when he announced that he would give over the chairmanship of the Repub- lican national committee. No one ex- pected Dr. Work to resign at this time, excepf apparently the President and Dr. Work himself. The announcement by Dr. Work contained the statement that he would call the committee to- gether early in the Fall to elect a new chairman and to discuss plans for con- ducting the campaign of 1930, when the entire membership of the House and one-third of the Senate are to be elected. In the interval the question of Dr. Work’s successor will be carefully considered by the party leaders, includ- ing the President, ®ho is the titular head of the party. Dr. Work has or- ganized the heMiquarters here and everything is in readiness to be turned over to the new chairman, whoever he may be. * % ok ok Dispatches from Wisconsin indicate that Sol Levitan, State treasurer, has not abandoned his hope of becoming the next governcr of the Badger State, If Mr. Levitan is to have the nomination, however, it is clear he must have the backing of the La Féllette Progressives, and in some quarters it is believed that the Progressives are grooming “Phil” La Follette, brother of Senator Robert M. La Follette, jr., as their candidate for governor next year. The younger La Follette has much ability. He served as prosecutor for Dane County, the first political office which his fathei the late Senator La Follette, held, but ghye that office up to return to the private prae- tice of law in Madison. He has been prominent in politics for a number of vears. ‘The only question is whether it would be advisable for another La Fol- lette to seek high public office in the ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. There is no other agency in the world that can answer as many legiti- mate questions as our free Information Bureau in Washington, D. C. This highly organized ipstitution has been built up and is under the rsonal direction of Frederic J. Haskin. By keeping in constant touch with Fed- eral bureaus and other educational en- terprises it is in a position to on to you authoritative information of the highest order. Submit your queries to the staff of experts whose services are put at your free disposal. There is no charge except 2 cents in coin or stamps for return thge. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau, amdgk:cl in, director, Washing- n, 3 Q. For whom was the Kentucky Derby winner, Clyde Van Dusen, named?—G. M. T. A. He was named for his trainer, a well known jockey of former years. Q. How old an institution is the circus?>—P. F. A. The circus may be traced back to Roman times. At that time it was a building for the exhibition of horses and chariot races and other amuse- ments. The oldest building of this kind in Rome was the Circus Maximus. The circus in modern times, although having the same name, really has little in common with the institution of clas- sical Rome. The popularity of the circus in England may be traced to that kept by Philip Astley in Lon- don at the end of the eighteenth cen- tury. Astley was followed by Ducrow and later by Hengler & Sanger. In America a circus actor named Ricketts 1s said to have performed before George ‘Washington in 1780, and in the first half of the nineteenth century the establishments of Purdy, Welch & Co., and of Van Amburg, gave a wide g«:p;hrlty to the circus in the United ates. Q. How many people are employed in the;ufldmg trades in this country?— O. E. A. More than a million and a half people are employed in the building trades and this figure does not include the hundreds of thousands of other people engaged in the manufacture of building materials, home furnishings and equipment used in homes, those people engaged in the transportation of building materials by railway and truck, the coal companies that deliver fuel to the large manufacturers, and rnfing' others directly and indirectly de- pendent for their wages on conditions in the construction field. Q. What States are not within the birth-registration area? —F. R. A. With the recent admission of Ne- vada, there are only three States—New Mexico, South Dakota and Texas— where it is estimatgd that registration of births is not 90 per cent complete, which is the minimum requirement for | o admission to that area. Q. How many hospitals are there in New York City?—H. L. A. There are 263 hospitals and 1,410 clinics. There are also 112 baby health stations, 36 health, administration and education organizations, 27 nursing services, 67 institutions for convales- cence care, and 146 services for mental hygiene. Q. Why should it be easier to elimi- nate forest fires in the South than it is in the West?—G. Y. A. In the West many fires are caused by lightning. This is not the case in the South. Nevertheless, four-fifths of the forest area burned over is in the South, and almost entirely caused by carelessness or maliciousness. Q. Which is the oldest of the fine arts?—N. A. o A. Architecture is the most ancient. The earliest dated architectural remains are those ot the Babylonians, from as far back as 6000 B.C. Their building material was brick and they were the first to construct vaults and arches. Q. In biblical times what name was applied to the juice of the grape used as a drink?—C. T. A, The words of the Scriptures, translated, which apply to wine or liquors are “yayin,” fresh juice; “urosh, not fully aged but intoxicating; “shek- har,” strong drink. Q. How many breeds of domestic rabbits are there?—E. M. A. There are 18 breeds of domestic rabbits recognized by the National Rab- bit Federation as being distinctive in In some nces there are sev- eral varieties of a breed, alike in size and type but with a wide range in color variation. These breeds and varieties are divided into two separate classes, or groups, known as “utility” and “fancy.” Q. Why is Justice pictured as a woman with bandaged eyes?—E. O. N. A. The portrayal of Justice as a fig- ure which is blindfolded can be traced to the conception of the Egyptian god- dess Maat, the personification of phys- ical and moral law and order and truth. Maat became the personifica- tion of justice who awarded to every man_his due. Maat was the “Lady of the Judgment Hall.” Dr. Alfred Wiede- mann, professor in the University of Bonn, writing in “Religion of the An- cient Egyptians,” says of Maat that this goddess of truth and justice, who is mentioned in some of the oldest texts, was occasionally reprsented with ban- daged eyes, since Justice judges with- out respect of persons. Q. On_ June 11, 1851, before the Court of Assizes, in France, Victor Hugo made a speech in defense of his son, Charles Hugo, who was charged with having failed in respect due the law. This son was a newspaper editor and had depicted in vivid colors the guillotining of a prisoner by the gov- ernment. Can you tell me what the outcome of this trial was?—A. V. S. A. In spite of the dramatic and sen- sational effort, to free the son of Victor Hugo, the jury found him guilty and sentenced him to a fine of 500 francs and six months in prison. Q. How is non-shatterable made?—C. C. A. The Bureau of Standards says that in general non-shatterable glass is of three distinct types. One of these is unusually thick; another consists of two or more layers of glass cemented together with an organic binder, such as celluloid, and the third is prepared by special heat treatment. The first of these can be identified by its rela- tively great thickness, the second by examining the edge of the glass for laminated structure, and the third by its irregular figures, seen when the glass is examined in polarized light. Q. Where is No Man's Land?—S. B. A. During the World War the ex- pression “No Man's Land” was applied to the territory between the opposing trenches. In United States history the term was used of a territory 170 miles long and 35 miles wide in the north of Texas, ceded to the United States in 1850 and made part of Oklahoma in 1890. Between these years, however, it had no form of government and was the resort of outlaws. No Man’s Land is also a district between Delaware and Pennsylvania. By some it is held to belong to the latter State, while some individuals prefer to perform their le- gal obligations to Delaware. Some citi- zens recognize neither State. glass Q. Why is an acorn so often seen in ux;‘{inzu on colonial houses and gates?— ‘A. 1t was considered a symbol of hos- pitality and was often employed in colonial building. Q. Why will a cigerette continue to burn when not being puffed, while it is necessary to draw on a cigar to keep it lighted?—L. E. McG. A. The tobaccos used in the manu- facture of cigarettes, considered as a whole, are not more combustible or do not burn more freely than the tobaccos used in the manufacture of cigars. The diameter of the cigarette, however, is much smaller than that of the cigar of average size and this is a factor of some importance in the relative com- bustibility of the two products. Prob- ably the most important single factor, particularly when taken in connection with the difference in diameter of the two products, is the influence of the paper which is used for covering the cigarette. The paper wrapper used on most of the popular brands of eciga- Tettes contains lime and magnesia as & filler. Such wrappers seem to have an important effect in causing the cigarette to hold fire when lighted, Q. Didn't Langley fly an prior to the Wright b!it.hm' A.In 1896 Langley bullt a model airplane that flew, but it carried no passengers. The Wright airplane was the first to be flown by man. RQW Hsow much natural ice is used?— A. Of the 60,000,000 tons of ice pro- duced and sold in 1928 abaut 10,000,000 tons were taken from rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Seven per cemt of members of the National Association of Ice Industries deal exclusively in natural ice, 5 per cent sell both manu- lane ht, tured and natural ice, while 88 per cént deal only in manufactured ice. Many Hold Sénate Secrecy Contrary to Public Policy A better understanding of executive or secret sessions of the United States Senate seems to have come out of the controversy over the publication of the vote on the confirmation of the nomi- nation of former Senator Irvine L. Len- root to the Court of Customs Appeals. 1t is agreed that certain matters involv- ing foreign governments should be dis- cussed in secret, and that some charges against appointees of the President should not carelessly broadcast, but the weight of opinion reflected by the press is that final votes on col tions should be made known. ‘The Brooklyn Daily Eagle holds that members of the Senate “should be will- ing to let the people who vote them into office know exactly where they stand,” and the Texarkana Gazette avers that “the public is entitled to know how they act and how they vote on all questions.” “Presidential appointees are public servants, and neither their fitness, nor the vote thereon, is a private matter,” in the judgment of the Philadelphia Rec- ord.” “In fact, secrecy in legislative dealing with public affairs is a dubious practice under any circumstances. Be- sides, it doesn't work.” The Madison, Wis., State Journal, indorsing the argu- mend of Senator La Follette, “that he regarded the right of his constituents to learn of his stand on public matters as of greater importance than the Sen- ate. rule invoked in that case,” re- marks, “The ‘majority of public opin- ion casts the deciding vote in such mat- ters.” A similar stand is taken by the Joliet Herald-News, with the statement, “The Senatg is a powerful body, but there 1s a still more powerful institution in this country, and it is the supreme govern- ing power—public opinion.” The San Antonio Express givgs the explanation: State at this time. Noah Had No Competitors. From the Detroit News. Noah was the great wild life authority of his day, but it must have been dis- agreeable having no other expert around to argue with, e Call 'Em What You Will. From the Muncle Star. Girls will replace dusky waiters on some western dining cars this Summer, but it has not been decided what name will replace the familiar “George.’ ———————— 1t Is Still Tomato. From the Columbus Ohio State Journal. Another advantage of having no more social position than a rabbit is that it leaves you free to pronounce tomato any way you want to. . . That’s Far Enough. Prom the Detroit News. ‘We suppose if a near relation passes on, the flagpole sitter just comes down “Vesting the con ation authority in the genntz. the framers of the Con- stitution intended to provide a-check upon the President’s appointive power— in the people’s behalf. Perfc thal function behind closed doors, therefore, does violence to the spirit of the Con- stitution.” “Exéecutive sessions are a survival of eighteenth century parliamentary prac- tice and diplomacy, when ‘secret treaties’ were made.” says the Richmond News Leader, while the Portsmouth Daily Times declares that “it is the real American way” to have “all confirma- tions voted on in the open and a record kept of the individual vote.” “There mnK be charges against a man’s record which have:some bearing upon’ his dualifications and which are de- serving of mention, even though proof is lacking,” declares the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. In such cases, it is able that an injustice might be done if these sus) ns, rather than facts, were brought @it in open session. But these occasions are rare. Charges that cannot be substantiated are seldom worth repeating. But even i it is. granted that such circumstances may exist, there is no reason whatever for ‘The -inelined “It is much better for the Senate to acquiesce in a policy of publicity than to subject members-of the present and future legislatures to the discomfiture which must inevitably follow the in- evitable leak,” suggests the Cleveland News. The Worcester Evening Gazette concludes anyhow that “executive ses- sions are, as often as not, a mere sham.” As to the questioning of a Washington correspondent by the Senate rules com- mittee, the Scranton Times states: “Of course, he didn’t disclose the source of information. No self-respecting news- paper man would. We rather surmise from the general attitude of the Senate committee that such a refusal was a relief to the members of the committee.” In criticism of the “leak” which has been a subject of investigation, the Lex- ington Leader takes the position: “The important thing is to discover who is responsible for betraying the confidence of the Senate. It must be some one in or connected with that body. He is quilty of unethical conduct.”’ But the Springfield, Ohio, Sun asks, “Why did the Senate become so angry over the Lenroot leak?” while the Schenectady Gazette feels that “it will appeal to our electors as an indication of cowardice, and the Great Falls Tribune is re- minded of “the young boy who sneaks into the alley to smoke a cigarette.” “When a Senator opposes his judg- ment to that of the President in the selection of a public official,” as it ap= pears to the Buffalo Evening News, “not only the Executive and the appointee, but the country at large is entitled to hear the reasons. If they are sound, the effect of publicity will be to bring steady improvement in the public serv- ice.” The Altoona Mirror avers that “with the exception of farueuhr mat- ters involving delicate diplomatic nego- tiations, there is no reason why the Federal Senate should not have the courage of its convictions.” The Lansing State Journal believes that “when confirmation of a presiden- tial appointee is all a matter of political expediency, the situation might better be openly discussed.” The Tucson Ari- zona Star insists that “confidence be- gets confidence” and “suppression be- gets publication.” “Secret sessions are rather for the convenience of the members than for furtherance of the public good,” con- tends the Savannah Press, while the Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch condemns the “sweet prerogative to vote down able men whom some members may dislike, or confirm others named to high office for purely political debt-paying pur- poses, in secret.” ‘The Fort Worth Record-Telegram, however, asserts that, after all, “no ‘executive session’ of the Senate ever was. The news that came to while the firmament was holding its breath never failed to appear in the headlines of the next regular editions of the daily newspapers of the country.” s Moines Tribune-Capital is 40 the opinion that “it is at least a little of a question how much of pure Senate pride is involved in this mr:ci as to the actual vote on con- ) matter of laughing at a solemnly es-