Evening Star Newspaper, May 29, 1929, Page 8

[ 2 B THE EVENING STAR. WASHINGTON, . €. WEDNESDAY. MAY 29. 19%9. THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY. .....May 20, 1929 ‘Editor THEODORE W. NOYES. The Evening Star 1 & anta Ave New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicagn Office: Lake Michigan Butldine. European Office; 14 Rezent St.. London, and. ewspaper Company Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Star.............45: Fer month | The Evening and Sinday’ St | undays) - r _..60c per month | (when The Evening and Sunday Star (when 5 Sundays). 65¢ per month The Sunday Star ..5c_per copy | oliee s aade At the”enil of Eacl menthn | Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone | Main 5000 ! Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dally and & 15t 1 Dally only, Sunday onl; mo., 85¢ H 1 mo.. 50c $4.00; 1 mo., 40c es and Canadn. | $12.00: 1 mo., $1.00 | FLd 1 mo. 75| yr., $5.00; 1 mo.. 50c All Other Stnx( 00 00 ‘Member of the Associated Pres s. The Associated Prass is exclusivels ert! o the use for republication of cll rews Tatches credited to it or not otherwise cri fiea in this paner and also Scal new t the fshed herein. All rights of publi atches herein are also reserved. publl special The Tariff Bill Passes. The Hawley tariff bill passed the House yesterday by an overwhelming vote. As was expected, the House divid- ed largely on party lines. But twenty Democrats, coming from widely sepa- rated sections of the country, voted for the final passage of the bill. Only twelve Republicans were recorded | sgainst it. The support given the bill by a score of Democratic members of the House is a bitter pill to the | Demacratie leadership, which has count- | ed on making the Republican tariff an jssue in the congressional campaign next vear. It is true, of course, that the | bill is not yet in its final form. It has; yet to be passed by the Senate and to go through the conference stage. How- ever, the Democratic tirades delivered against the measure during its con- sideration in the House proved unavail- ing, either to change details of the bill agreed upon in the Republican caucus or to bring about a solid opposition on the part of the minority. The Hawley bill is the result of com- promises. It carries many items of benefit to the American farmer, seeking to preserve to him the American mar- kets for his produce. It increases rates also on certain manufactured products, which in the opinion of the House re- quire greater protection than is now ac- corded. A number of articles have been taken from the free list and given pro- tective rates of duty. The Democrats have cried from the housetops that the bill is an outrage upon the American consumer; that the cost of living in this country will be materially increased. That is the criticlsm which has been leveled at every Republican tariff bill passed by Congress. The cost of living has increased in recent years, but that has not been confined alone to America. Costs have mounted the world over, and modern civilization is still paying the huge debt growing out of the World ‘War. Under the protective tariff system American industry has been developed to a point which has made millions of workers prosperous and able to main- tain a higher standard of living than ever before attained. The Hawley tariff bill was passed with one of the greatest majorities ever given such a measure in the House. It fell only three votes behind the record Vote which put through the Fordney- McCumber act. The latter is the exist- ing law. The bill was the subject of at- tack from many quarters when it'was reported to the House. By agreeing to & number of amendments; however, the ways and means committee made it possible to line up practically the entire Republican membership of the House for this bill and also to obtain Demo- cratic support. A desperate effort was made in the closing hours of the day to curb the President’s power over the so- called flexible provisions of the bill, un- der the leadership of Representative Garner, the Democratic leader. It failed signally. ‘The House has set the Senate an ex- ample, putting through both the farm- relief bill and the tariff-revision bill, the major purposes for which the special session of Congress was called by Presi- dent Hoover. The Republicans of the House have given a demonstration of party solidarity which up to the present time has been absent from the Repub- lican membership of the Senate. It is lack of such responsibility on the part of Republicans of the Senate which even now threatens the administration’s program and is delaying the aid prom- ised farmers and manufacturers and workers during the campaign last year. —ra——————— Even the New York Stock Exchange responds to the modern trading tend- ency and has its occasional “bargain cays.” B Mrs. Willebrandt's Resignation. President Hoover has accepted with unqualified Tegret the resignation of Mabel Walker Willebrandt as Assistant Attorney General of the United States. For the past eight vears, throughout the Harding and Coolidge administra- tions and until now, she has been one | of the most potent figures in the De- partment of Justice and a particularly active public officer of the Federal Gov- 4 | “has been one of the most diff ment, viz, on the score of the h:zn] reputation she made for herself as As- | Sistant Attorney General. She took that | post when women in high Federal po- sitions were still something of a nov- elty. Men mistrusted their capac { offices of importance. confounded all anxieties of that She made good. She was sincere and industrious. Widely diversified dutic were imposed upon her. Thty ranged all the way from prohibition and tax law enforcement to regulation of United tates attorneys throughout the Uni and supervision of Federal prisons. Fo Attorneys General—Daugher Sargent and Mitchell—found Sto women of the Nation o | as a shining cxample of their talent for governmental service in the mc responsible places. Mrs. Willebrandt takes with her into | private law practice, which she has| eschewed in recent years at great per- | sonal sacrifice, an uncommonly cordial | tribute from the President. “The po-| sition you have held,” Mr. Hoover s 1t in the Government and one which could | not have been conducted with such dis. tinguished success by one o iwss legal | ability and moral co ‘The count work, will heartily echo tho: atory sentiments from the Whi — raee A Task and a Goal. President Hoover has set the task an: George W. Wickersham the goal National Law Enforcement Comm: )“.’ The efforts to perform the one end to | reach the other will write one of the| most important chapters in the I of this Nation. The task is broadly | comprehensive. It Is to ascertain the | attitude of the people toward all lavs, | to determine the causes of disobedience of laws and to recommend “construc- tive and courageous conclusions which will bring public understanding and command support of its (the commis- sion’s) solutions.” | The goal, as outlined by Mr. Wicker- | sham, fs illusive. It is, as he says, an ideal. “We should have such power- ful judicial and law-enforcing ma- d S chinery as to make law breaking im- No possible without speedy justice.” such goal lies within the atl. of a Republic, unless it is solidly sup- ported by the people of the Republic. | It cannot be reached merely by the| passage of laws or the appropriation of millions. It can be reached by the welding of public opinion and the creation of & public sentiment that stand back of laws that are written to remain. President Hoover has minced no words and he has dealt with the task be fore this commission with commendable and inspiring frankness. He has creat- ed this commission because there is “an alarming disobedience of law,” be- cause of the existing “abuses in law en- forcement” and a “growth of organized crime, which has spread in every field of evil doing and in every part of our country.” Such conditions deeply con- cern the American people. The Nation they have built cannot fail from growth of wealth or power. But it can disinte- grate and rot if its citizens fail to re- spect and obey the laws which they themselves have made. The President's commission is to find the root from which springs this evil of disrespect of law. The commission cannot destroy that root. It can find it and point it out. Then passes to the people the de- cision of what to do and the power to do it. President Hoover has never admitted the widespread contention that exist- ing conditions of disrespect for law are to be laid at the door of prohibition. Nor has his commission embarked upons| an investigation of the results of pro- hibition alone. But it is needless to say that the chief interest in the com- mission’s work will center upon what is found regarding prohibition. And 1t is over the commission’s findings re- garding prohibition that controversy will arise. If the commission discovers laxity in the courts, public sentiment will support the findings. If the com- mission discusses the prevalence and the cause of such crimes as murder, Tob- bery and organized graft on the part of public oficials, the public will not feel inclined to dispute the point, so long as it does not touch prohibition. But if prohibition is blamed, or if prohibition is absolved, another fight will have begun. The prayers of Pres- jdent Hoover for the success of his commission in the task he has out- lined may well be repeated in behalf of a public that must be intelligently courageous enough to follow the path that is pointed out, and follow it through to the end. —————————— Resourceful diplomacy succeeds in re- ducing any reference to “debt” as a po- lite formality. r—ors ‘Wall Street is held responsible for “bulls” and “lambs,” with no prpspect of farm relief whatever. | ————- Echoes of Greatness. The National Oratorical Contest has aspects of greatness which perhaps 1o | other single yearly event can boast.| Now that it is over, and the Interna- tional contest looms, echoes of it remain firmly fixed in thousands of Young| minds. | ernment. Probably no woman has held | high place in this country who has at-| tained so wide a repute as this Cali- fornia Portia or left a deeper personal impress upon the affairs of the Republic. During the campaign of 1928 Mabel Walker Willebrandt became a mu and acrimoniously — discussed figure. Gov. Smith and the Democratic party elevated her to the dignity of their pet | 4 fety Brst” aversion. Her boldness in wading into | relation to the mrn]um things of ::’xim ol o et e e | the Midwestern campaign as an arch- | and * spirlt, such lessons are Badiy |, quein Joaded dice in a crap game.” | subjected her to the | needed. | i i o it prohibitionist charge not only of partisanship unbe- | coming in a Federal official, but of dragging the church issue into the presidential contest. Mrs. Willebrandt has never ceased to maintain that in advocating Gov. Smith's defeat as a wet, she cast, and meant to cast, no single aspersion upon his creed, and consistently challenged her critics to produce evidence to the contrary. Whether there was wisdom or injudi- ciousness in Mrs. Willebrandt's activ ities in the 1928 unpleasantness will doubtless long be a matter of debate. AFRU- On cne score there is no room fox i Hundreds of thousands of friends of | { the young contestants throughout the | | United States heard those talks on the Constitution, heard and remembered at least a part of them. | Every remembered phrase is a lesson in duty to on y. In an age in| | which amusements and fol-de-rol tend | |to throw many off their balance, in| tests are doing is incalculable. There are measures for grain, and iron and amounts of compensation and fame, but for the good which such a contest does only the future is a measurement large enough. It has been realized by those who have watched these contests, year after year, involving the high pupils of the. Naticn, that there hing so big and healthy that it is impossible to I measure it by ordinary standards. Fhe grand plrases of the Comstilu- | is a nati | created som The amount of good which these con- ‘ tion, its place in the national life, (hci hearts and minds of its makers, the| whole panor: ¢, in fact— these are the echoes which remain. The but the good goes on. contest is something more than champion contest The a gala ni over, it #s something mor The force which Randolph Leigh Tet thi St ik country years ago W Am the children of great. e Money for Municipal Center. The proposal to te, at th c of Cc n do the p f the four parcels of land for new muncipal center th site is in keeping Auditor D ovan's five-year financial program, hough it is slightly in excess of the | mount that Mr. Donovan suggested, | 1t the next session of Congress, in the | m of a def item to supple- ment the regular 1930 appropriations. proposed that $2,500,000 | Mr, Dono land be a , together with for the pre nicipal center. ation of | Chair- | he money is | now in the Tr the credit of the District, répr g surplus funds, and that the quicker the land is pur- chased the more economical for the District it will be. | It m: no difference whether the meney, already in hand, is made avail- | able now or whether it i5 made avail- able next December. But the earlier & start on the municipal center project is made, the better, One important question relating to the municipal center Temains unan- swered. That is the amount that the District may expect to receive from the confiscation of the present Munic- ipal Building for Federal purposes, end the amount that the Federal Govern- ment, proposes fo pay, in addition, to build the municipal center. Coincident with the appropriation of District sur- plus revenue for starting the municipal center there should be an enunciation of congressional policy toward financ- ing the complete project. —_— o R The Japanese, once formidably ex- clusive, now have most hospitable wel- come for all foreigners. Nations, &s they seek to become acquainted, work for better understanding that means world peace. — e Automobiles from all parts of the couftry park in Washington, D. C. The Capital City of the greatest Nation is commanding the studious attention 1t deserves. e Lindbergh has shown wonderful “ex- ecutive ability.” Very few bridegrooms succeed in managing the wedding in precisely their own way. - ‘The stock ticker is a fine contributor of paper tape confett! for a holiday. But it may prove a grim reminder in actual business. ) A large number of persons remem- ber a time when “dollar wheat” ap- pealed to the farmer as the high sym- bol of prosperity. — et “Kidnaping conspiracies” usually sound like- the mental product that might have succeeded in selling pretty good stuff to the magazines. —————— An executive session is hampered by the fact that the practical statesman prefers publicity to secrecy. N SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Forgetful of the Present. There’s a Fish in the Stream And a Bird in the Tree ‘Who we never should dream Could so powerful be. ‘Yet, from Figures so Vast And from Laws so severe, We are turning at last ‘With a conscience quite clear. Where the water so bright Calls us back to the day ‘When the Saurians took flight In a wonderful way. Of old stories we'll dream, ‘While rejoicing to see The Fish in the Stream And the Bird in the Tree. Natural Habitat. “Could you be comfortable in Con- gress during warm weather?” “Whatever the climate may be,” said Senator Sorghum, “I'd be more com- fortable in Congress than out of it.” | Jud Tunkins says hard work is easy to get away with if it doesn't lead to jealousies that create hard feelings. Bathing Girls. 0ld Neptune has a notion he scarce knows what sed to boss the Ocean; he’s running a Revue. to do. " sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “speaks no sound. It is partly because of his silence that we at- tribute to him great wisdom.” New Record. Another Big Record is set, so they say; Our feclings grow just a bit solemn. ©On an airship the Bride and the Groom | 1 away And beat the Society Column, ald Uncle Eben, “is May Have to Make Good. | From the New London Day. | There’s probably something more | | brick, and for services there are certain | {han mere sentiment now back of what | sions, 1s a Kentuckian just graduating is a song out in an Jowa 'd Die for Dear Old Des 1If they do much more rioting, the students may have to make undoubted! university | some of good. ———— sts Not Included. to b Motor! {Ficia the ottawa “Tha pedest iho accident | moter any. A suppose, nal ¢ me f are responsible for ! d for | n addi- | There are some very curious beliefs many intelligent persons as to > of the English language. pe about because in the v of cases the grammarians at » got the upper hand cen usage and grammar. © natural bent made them les to life tended to put the into a straitjacket of ‘“‘thou so that thousands of im- sut fell under the held by 1age nots,” sionable nt, to place a pre at the end of a clause or still holds sway with many deep e gh of the Pierian as Pope phrased it. A deeper acquaintance with the language would vince them it did Woodrow Wil- 1. that there is no more typically Englizh construction than this, nor one more universally used by the best] writers Yet has not every one been told at some time ar that to end a tion was wre e teacher t was all; 1 h, for English above grammar—that is, the genius of the language is such that it refuses to be bound tao closely by rules. What is right in one age becomes r. Often the vulgar itence with a preposi- its evil con- 5, becon ¢ for later 1 arsall Smith's i ' we came upon a of very matter. It roved very pleasing, because it upheld r position, taken years ago without lways scemed to us that the | preposition at the end of a € a more logical construc- tion, resulting in a m beautiful sen tence than the labored use of “which.” “I am sending you this book to re-| member me by” is much better English | than “I am sending you this book by which to remember me.” The former has something del wistful, about | it, which the latter lacks. Togan Pearsall Smith will be remem- bered as the author of those two de- lightful books of vignettes, “Trivia” and “More Trivia.” His studies in the English language are no less inter- csting. “The attempt to enforce an ideal of atical purity’ on our language.” , “has inflicted upon it a serious ! The point I refer to is the notion that it is illiterate and incorrect, or at least inelegant, to place a preposi- tion or adverb at the end of a clause or sentence. “It was Dryden himself, one of the most idiomatic of our writers, who first expressed this notion, and in reprinting | his ‘Essey on Dramatic Poesy” he took pains to eliminate idioms of this kind, changing ‘the end he aimed at' into ‘the end at which he aimed,’ and ‘the age I live in' to ‘the age in which I live,” etc.” Prof. Smith goes on to say that this | notion that the preposition should pre- | cede the word it governs became little by little almost universally accepted. It was believed better to say “The man to whom I had written” than “The man I had written to.” The author of “Trivia” continues: “This notion still persists, although | the idiom is perfectly good English, and | has only been condemned because it THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. in the| . |to 5| is simply a case of mot having rer in his school davs| teaching grammar, | | are built in w | . Thus the very point in its favor, that |1t was typical, idiomatic English, strong | forcible, consistent with the genius of | the tongue, was accepted a&s being | against such usage. Prof. Smith. to show how consonant |1t is with English speech rhythms, the | vigor and conciscness it adds when skillfully used to our phrasing, gives the following list of what he terms I English sentences”: are built to live in and not look on” (Bacon). “Revenge is a kind of wild justice, chich the more a man's nature runs to the more ought law to weed it out” Bacon). “Odd and uncommon characters are the game that I look for and most de- light in” (Addison). | “It (the sundial) was the measure | appropriate for sweet plants and flowers to spring by, for the birds to apportion their silvery warblings by, for flocks to pasture and to be led to fold by” | (Lamb). “Was this telligent—wh spised, made with?" (Lamb) | " “The sun has no purposes of ours to light us to. Why should we get up?” | (Lamb), e—manly, sober, in- had so often de- mocks at, made merry the fact h 1 * ok kK Let us rewrite a few of these sen- tences to suit the grammar teacher. Even the idea is ludicrous—to rewrite Bacon, Addison, Lamb, is like trying to ild the 1 But let us try. | " Bacon will shine anew with “Houses ich to live and not at s to be noted that on” a house, but which to look.” ( we no longer look “at” it.) Addison becomes precisely as follows: “Odd and uncommon characters are the game for which I look and in which I most delight.” Why go farther? Addison knew exactly what he was | doing when he wrote “Odd and uncom- mon characters are the game that I look for and most delight in.” The reader who does not instantly feel the fresh vigor of Addison's render- ing and who still prefers the other may know by this preference that he is a grammarian at heart. Grammarians have their place. Let no one get the idea that we think other- wise. Without their shush-shushings no doubt English would be less pure than at present. They are the awful guardians which say “Thou shalt not” when we cry unthinkingly “He don't” and “I said to she,” etc. Yet it must be confessed that, like all those who take such interest in others, their prohibitions at times be- come_boresome. 1t is a delight to discover that often enough they obey the letter of the law, but not its spirit. With Prof. Smith's aid, we have shown one such case. There are many more. If any reader will secure for himself a copy of the first number of the Amer- ican Speech Magazine, issued at Balti- more about four years ago (we are sorry we have lost” our copy), he will find in it & much longer list of sen- tences similar to those given by the author of “Trivia.” In the list he will find instance after instance of the use of prepositions at the end of sentences, many of them written by no less an authority and fine, pure writer than the late Woodrow Wilson, Such usage was a favorite with him, indeed. It is with any one, we believe, who will think honestly about the mat- was not found in Latin or in languages derived from Latin.” ter and write and talk as the genius of the language demands. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE Knives are being sharpened in the Senate for a confirmation fight on Joseph P. Cotton of New York, recently nominated for Undersecretary of State. Some one with an unpleasantly long memory has dug up the fact that once upon a time Mr. Cotton, while a law partner with William G. McAdoo, rep- resented the Doheny oil interests be- fore the State Department. The period | was between 1919 and 1922. A specific statement to that effect was made by Mr. McAdoo himself, early in 1924, | while testifying before the Senate oil- investigating committee. The pub- lished hearings quote the former Secre- tary of the Treasury as saying, “My partner, Mr, Cotton, appeared before the State Department on occasions.” ‘These were concerned with the Doheny oil affairs in Mexico. The firm of Mc- Adoo, Cotton & Franklin was dissolved in January, 1922. The Dohenys, it was testified before the Senate committee, paid the firm a $100,000 retainer in connection with their Mexican business. | It is not suggested that Mr. Cotton's one-time Doheny affiliations prevent him from being an able adjutant to Secretary Stimson, but the Senate’s well known oil susceptibilities may dis- qualify him. en Mabel Walker Willebrandt is a log- ical general counsel for the Aviation Corporation and a codifler of air laws because for a long time she has been a flying addict. On her present trip to Waco, Tex., to receive an honorary LL. D. from Baylor Univer- sity—the fourth doctor’s degree she will then possess—Mrs. Willebrandt is trav- eling by plane from McAllister, Okla., to Waco, and later across Texas to the Mexican border. She may fly all the way back to Washington. Last year, in order to reach the American Bar Association meeting at Seattle on time, “Portia” went by air from Chicago and came home the same way. Mrs. Wille- brandt's Baylor University address will be called “horizon-minded.” Its theme is aeronautic. She took it from an ob- ervation of Soucet, recent reaker of the world’s altitude record, who sald that “the higher he climbed, the broader the horizon became.” Ak Aok Many of her friends think that Mrs. Willebrandt leaves the Department of Justice a broken-hearted woman. They > certain she is at least a disappointed woman. For one thing, they say, she never had a square deal from the Re- publican party for the slings and ar- rows she suffered when she threw her- self into the breach against Al Smith last year. Some day it may be possible to turn the searchlight on the inside history of that painful episode, with resultant discomfort for certain G. O. P. leaders. Once upon a time Mrs. ‘Willebrandt aspired to a Federal judge- ship. it was denied her. Later, it was thought, she might be made the head of a reorganized prohibition enforcement service, transferred from the Treasuwy to the Justice Department. was not to be. Enforcement Commission. If it ained a woman, betting odds were v that Mabel Willebrandt would the one. She was left out. The esident’s fulsome words of praise, in “Portia’s” resignation, must gratify , but whether they send her out of office truly happy is open to question. * ok ok ok Paul R. Mallon, United Press re- porter, who may go down in history as the smasher of Senate executive ses- into his thirties. He has still another claim to distinction—that of being a talented amateur actor. Perhaps that's why Mallon gave so adroit an exhibition of sangfroid when fencing with Messrs. Moses, Bingham and other razor-edged wits of the Senate rules committee. Mallon is a great favorite among Up- per House memb “Jim” Watson and Pat Harrison addressed him fondly as That, too, | Then came the Hoover | after attending Notre Dame University in 1918 and 1919. * ok kK Representative James M. Beck, Re- publican, of Pennsylvanja, whose re- cent speech assailing presidential en- croachment upon the tariff prerogatives of Congress is still a Washington topic, recalls a Supreme Court episode in con- nection with diplomatic liquor. The question of allowing foreign vessels to bring ships’ stores of booze into Ameri- can waters, and sealing them up while within our jurisdiction, was before the court. Beck, then Solicitor General of the United States, was discussing the diplomatic corps’ immunity from the arid requirements of the eighteenth amendment. Chief Justice Taft inter- rupted the argument, to ask if the im- munity could not, perhaps, be justified on the ground of diplomats’ “right of subsistence.” Beck suggested, in re- tort, that perhaps the theory of “right of oasis” would be a more applicable term. * ok ok X Representative Ruth Baker Pratt, Republican, of New York has just re- ceived the annual award of merit of the Town Hall Club of New York City for contributing most to “the enlarge- ment and enrichment of life.” Among those whom the gentlewoman from Manhattan _beat for the 1929 honor were John Masefleld, poet, and William Beebe, explorer and lecturer. The case for Mrs. Pratt was presented by United States Attorney Charles H. Tuttle, who said that Mrs. Pratt typifies, “as few women do, the spirit of co-operation between men and women in the effort to purify politics.” * Ok ok ok One of Hawail’'s foremost American citizens, L. Tenney Peck, president of the First National Bank of Honolulu, is a visitor to Washington. He says he had a rude awakening about the habits of Capital churchgoers when at- tending divine services at an historic place of worship not far away from the White House. Mr. Peck had asked an usher for the loan of a prayer book and hymnal, only to be informed, in a stage whisper: “We don't do that sort of thing any more. You see, we found all our books were being stolen!” The Honolulu banker was originally a Vir- | ginian. He founded the community in the extreme northwestern . corner of what is now West Virginia, the town of Kenova, whose name he manufac- tured out of “Ken,” for Kentucky; “O.” for Ohio, and “Va,” for Virginia—the three States which meet at Kenova. which is now a thriving community of 6,000 souls. (Copyright, 1929.) e Ruling on Pistol-Toting Of Interest to Tourists From the Fort Worth Record-Telegram. The District of Columbia Court ef Appeals says that a pistol anywhere inside an automobile is a weapon con- cealed on the person of the car owner. | The test case was that of a pistol be- neath the driver's seat. ‘The technicality came with the in- terpretation of “on,” .as related to “about.” It seems that ‘“concealed” is | somewhat superfluous. If the same de- fendant had been carrying his pistol in a belt outside his coat, he would have been arrested under the same law as though he had been “toting” it in a hip pocket or under his left arm. They employed “concealed,” it appears, because they mostly were—and are. But the Court of Appeals robs the subject of all its ambiguity. It says “on the person” means “about the per- son” and that anything upon which the person is sitting comes under the lat- ter definition. If the pistol had been in the side pocket of the door or in the tool box, the decision would have been the same as though the offender had placed it in his side coat pocket or had hung it to the spokes of his steering wheel. “Paul” even when firing leading que: at him during the Senate quiz. Mallon did_his first newspaper work Newss! au the South Bend Times frowned T This should have considerable bear- ing on the matter of pistol “toting"” b: auto tourists, The practice is being URoR by Al of the Blais it il S R Politics at Large By G. Gould Lincoln. Three elections in congressional dis- tricts widely separated will take place within the next few weeks. They are expected to furnish the first test of strength between the two major political parties since the election last Fall. The first of these elections is to be held in the third Kentucky district on Satur- ay. The contest there is to fill the seat in the House left vacant by the death of Charles W. Roark, Representa- tive-elect. Mr. Roark was one of the Republican members _ elected in_the landslide which -gave Mr. Hoover Ken- tucky with a lead of 178,000 votes. He died in a sanitarium April 5, however, without ever having known that he had been elected. He was stricken shortly before election day. The sec- ond contest is to take piace in t twelfth congressional district of Penn. vania on June 4. There, too, the election is to fill a vacancy caused by death, the death of John Joseph Cascy, a Democrat, of Wilkes-Barre. The third contest the fifth congressional district of Minne- sota Representative Walter Hughes Newton, a Republican, has handed in his resignation, effective June 30. Mr. Newton has become one of President Hoover's secretaries. It is to fill a vacancy which his retirement from the House will cause that the election has been set for June 10 in the district; which Mr. Newton has represented ably in the House for the last ten years. x % % The Kentucky election promises to be of more than passing interest. When that State went Republican last No- vember six seats in the House hitherto held by Democrats were won by Re-| publicans. The argument has been ad- vanced, however, that it was not ‘so much love for Mr. Hoover and the Re- publican party as the dislike of Ken- tuckians for Alfred E. Smith, the Demo- cratic nominee for President, which brought about this landslide. It has been” confidently predicted by Demo- crats that the political pendulum will swing back in many of the States of the South and in the border States. since there is no present prospect of the renomination of Gov. Democratic party for President. The third congressional district in Kentucky for years was represented by the late “Bob” Thomas and has been regarded as a Democratic district, al- though there has been a strong Re- publican voting population there. Mr, Thomas carried this district by any- where from 3,500 to 5,500 votes. After he died, another Democrat, John W. Moore, was elected to represent the dis- trict and did so for two terms. He was defeated by Roark last Fall. Mr. Moore is the candidate of the Democrats in the district now. It would not be astonishing, Repub- licans admit, if the district should swing back on Saturday into the Democratic fold. However, there is a brisk cam- paign on, with the Republicans strain- ing every effort to hold the district and the Democrats throwing money and speakers into the district as well as the Republicans. The Republican nom- inee is Homer Beliles of Morgantown, county clerk of Butler County. Mr. Beliles lost a leg in the World War and is sald to have the backing of the American Leglon. When the Demo- crats in the House sought recently to have Mr. Moore's record printed as a part of the Congressional Record so that it might be sent through the mails free of postage for the voters, the Re- publicans objected and blocked its printing. Senator Barkley, Democrat, was able to get the matter into the Record in the Senate, however. Where- upon Representative Robsion, Repub- lican leader in Kentucky, issued a state- ment to the effect that: “Homer Beliles left a leg on Flanders Field, but the Government is not giving him free printing and postage to aid him in his campaign for election to the House.” All of which indicates there is a nice mfla row on in the third Kentucky dis- cf i ‘The Republicans in the twelfth Penn- sylvania_district are seeking to gain a seat which has hitherto been held by the Democrats. The late Representative Casey, a Democrat, was tremendously popular and had the solid support, practically, of labor in a district which has thousands of laborers. So popular was he that he received not only the Democratic, but also the Republican Labor and Socialist nominations at the last primary. The district, however, did go Republican in the 1924 election. The Democrats have put forward as their candidate, to succeed Mr. Casey, his widow, and are making a strenuous campaign to elect her. The Republican nominee is Dr. C. Murray Turpin. Dr. ‘Turpin has the solid backing, it is said, of the Republicans of the district. The Democrats, on the face of tle condi- tions, appear to have the edge, how- ever. Al Smith carried this district over President Hoover last Fall, and the late Representative Casey also was victorious there. Mrs. Casey, in addition, has an advantage over her Republican op- ponent in the sympathy which goes out to her from the voters because of the death of her husband. In many cases widows of popular Congressmen have already been elected to the House. * K Kk K Up in Minnesota there is a reak con- test to succeed Walter Newton as Rep- resentative from the fifth congressional district. Not a little politics is in- volved. Mr. Newton hails from Minne- apolis, & strong_Republican <ity. He was elected last Fall with a plurality of 49,328 votes. It does not appear possi- ble that the Democrats or the Farmer- Labor party can take this district away from the Republicans in any event. The primary to determine the Republi- can nominee is to be held just a week before the election. Among the can- didates for the Republican nomination is Arch Coleman. Mr. Coleman was postmaster of Minneapolis, but resigned that office to make the race for Con- gress. It is reported that Mr. Newton'’s personal organization in Hennepin County, which is Minneapolis, is work- ing for the nomination of Coleman. Two other Republicans, however, W. I. Nolan, who has been three times elected Governor of the State, and *“Pudge” Heflelfinger, who more than a quarter of a century ago was a Yale foot ball star and is now one of the Hennepin County commissioners, are the other candidates. The Democratic organiza- tion in Hennepin County is a negative quantity. Such Democratic strength as there is in the Twin Cities is located in St. Paul. It is expected, however, to have a candidate in the fleld, and there will be a Farmer-Labor party nominee, too. Minensota has a Farmer-Labor Senator, Senator Shipstead. That par- ty has been' the real backbone of the Republican opposition there for a num- ber of years. Indeed, the Democratic party has to a great extent ceased to function in the Northwest in recent years. * kK ok Back of the contest for the House seat in Minnesota lies a possible fight for a seat in the Senate. While Mr. Newton is saying absolutely nothing regarding the possibility of his run- ning for the Senate next year against Senator Schall, the blind Senator, some of his friends continue to insist that he will enter the senatorial primary when the time comes. If Mr. Newton's candidate for the nomination to s ceed him in the House should be 39- feated at the polls on June 10, it might mean 8 setback to such senatorial aspirations as he may have. Senator Schall is to be a candidate to succeed himself. He is one of the 14 Repub- lican Senators from the West who op- posed President Hoover in the fight over the export-debenture plan included in the farm bill by the Senate. The story runs that Mr. Schall looked anx- fously to the White House for some sign that he would have its backing in the senatorial primary next year, but no such sign came. Although Repub- lican supporters of the administration counted upon Mr. Schall to vote against ill be staged in| Smith by the | What do vou need to know? I there some point or personal life | there something without delay about your business > 1s puzzles you you want to Submit your question to Frederic J. Haskin, director of our Washington Information Bureau. He is employed to help you. Address your inquiry to The Evening Star In- formation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin director, Washington, D. C. and in= close 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. { @ Why are balloon races started in Q the late afternoon or early morning?- J.E H. A. Balloon races are started toward evening because hydrogen, with whic} the balloon is filled, will ‘expand heat. The danger of this expa would not be so great toward eves The hydrogen has greater lifting p when cool and condensed than expanded. Q. Should a green Panama parrot talk?—A. E. S. i A. The green Panama parrot is one of the parrots which talk well. How- {ever, all individuals of talking bird| ecies do not_talk. Parrots are usu- ally 1 year old before they start to |talk, but are almost invariably full !growm | Q. When was the book catalogue | issued?—E. M. | A. In 1498 Aldus of Venice printed on a folio sheet the description, titles and | of his publications, i | Q Who wrote "Sheridan’s Ride"?— |s. M. 0. | 'A. It was written by Thomas Bu- chanan Read. Q. How much did the Lincoln Memo- rial in Washington cost?—T. N. | A. The amount appropriated for it was $2,939,720. Q. Are there any other countries be- sides England that are noted as great tea drinkers?—C. D, The habit of excessive tea drink- ing is to be found in England, Scotland, Newfoundland and Labrador, especially among the poor. Q. Is there any reason why alumi- num should not be used as cooking utensils?—P. N. A. According to latest research, “the| increasing use of aluminum cooking | utensils has resulted in raising the question of the possible danger to health of ingesting appreciable quantities of this element. In one laboratory a | study showed that during prolonged | cooking of any of the common foods| but insignificant amounts of aluminum | are dissolved from the vessels. The most ‘carefully controlled studies have shown conclusively thut aluminum com-, pounds which enter the digestive tract | are not absorbed.” ¥ Q. How much sulphur does rubber contain?—F. E. A. Soft rubber contains about 2 to 4 per cent sulphur, hard rubber about 30 per cent. A relatively longer period is| required for vulcanizing hard rubber. Q. Of what material should & mold be cast for such delicate work as mak- ing roses in plaster?—C. C. K. A. The Bureau of Standards says that the molds used for the purpose of casting roses in plaster are generally made of gelatin. Q. Does the Post Office Department permit packages that are sealed to be sent as fourth-class mail>—E. O. L. A. To be sealed and sent at fourth- class rates packages must have printed ANSWERS- TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A. The black bear and the cinnamon bear are two color phases in the same specics. Q. How old Sungay night “Now the Day Is Over"> A. This hymn first appeared in “Hymns Ancient and M was written by the Rev. £ is the over t at time was by “zero M. K meant al mc ment, such as an attack or assault, was the hour at which some spec to be commenced. The exact time of such an attack was kept secret at head- quarters so that no information should leak out, and in the meanwhile was re- ferred to as “‘zero. Q. How old is the cit Al Excavations now Palest e reve mentioned in the owing it vilization is o of Christ. vent first in 1905. It was revived during the period 1916-20. It is said that only about 12 or 15 persons in the world are able to follow Einstein's reasoning. . How many Chinese students are there in the United States?--P. C. A. The Chinese legation says that at present in the United States there are 326 Chinese students under the direct iurisdiction of the Chinese Mission. It was unable to say how many other stu- dents from China are now matriculat- ing in America. Q. When was first produced, and where?—L. A. T. A. Albany, N. Y., September 10, 1908. Henry Miller played the leading male Tole and Margaret Anglin ‘the lemding | feminine role. Q. Was the printer of “The Wicked Bible” punished in any way?—W. C. A. According to Dr. Rosenbach. only four copies of “The Wicked Bible” printed in 1631, escaped the public e cutioner. The printer was fined £300 by Archbishop Laud. Q What causes acute Indigestion?— . H. G. A. Acute indigestion is caused by eating decomposed canned food or tainted meats, food that is hard to di- gest, eating too rapidly and not chew- ing the food properly, or excessive in- dulgence in spirituous liquors. Swallow- ing liquids which are either too hot or too cold and overeating also cause the trouble. Persons most liable to acute indigestion are those who live in bad hyglenic surroundings, those who are in a run-down condition, those who are subject to gout or rheumatism, or those who have chronic indigestion. A sincere and general expression of | approval is voiced throughout the coun- try over the new reciprocal agreement between France and America concern- |ing passport visas. Beneath the nat- ural gratification over the fact that re- duced passport fees removes another bar to the free intercourse among friendly peoples lies a deeper feeling— joy over the return of another liberty, lost to the world through the war. “The announcement that at last]| France and the United States have agreed upon a reciprocal reduction in | their visa fees from $10 to $2 marks | the most important step yet taken toward the ultimate goal of that free- | dom of travel which generally prevailed before the war,” according to the New | York Evening Post, which states its| belief that “there should be no visa | charge whatever,” but concedes that | “in view of the protracted negotiations which were necessary before even this reduction could be obtained, American | tourists should not look their gift horse in the mouth.” The Hartford Courant explains that “the French visa fee has for some years been a source of irritation to the American abroad. Although he would not consider his European travels com- plete without a visit to Paris, he has, not entirely without reason, grumbled at the charge made for official permis- slon to enter France.” The Courant directs attention to the fact that, “in- asmuch as Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Holland and Italy charge no visa fee whatsoever,” while some other countries “charge only | a nominal sum, the French visa has| seemed at best an imposition on the | tourist.” | In justice to that country, however, the Columbus Dispatch asserts that | “the French fee of $10 was almost en- tirely a retaliatory measure against the similar fee charged by this Govern- ment,” and the present drastic reduc- tion “means far more to French rev- enue than to ours, since French tourists to this country are few compared to the hordes of Americans who annually invade France.” “Frankly, our Government committed an error of judgment when it was the first to establish the $1Q visa fee for tourists after the war,” Says the Bos- ton Evening Transcript, and it declares that “the retaliatory steps taken by all | other governments shortly lhel‘elfier,l charging Americans the same price for this formality which was exacted of their own citizens by the United States, was only to be expected as a result of the American move and it was one which bore much more heavily upon our own travelers than upon Europeans, since ours are by far the more nu- merous.” The Rochester Times-Union points a moral, saying: “This whole matter is a fine f{llustration of the principle | that before action is taken. hitting other countries, it is well to consider the pos- sible recoil on our own heads” and strikes a note of warning in the words, “There's a tip here for Congress in its tariff making.” As the Des Moines Tribune-Capital puts it: “Horse sense at last prevails in this matter of visa charges. Our State Department at Washington deserves a little bouquet for finally switching -around on this Iwhole business of visa charging, for it is not the other countries that started the competitive high charging, but the United States.” ‘The Kalamazoo Gazette notes that “thus far our Government has been un-| able to arrange for a reciprocal reduc- tion with one of the countries chiefly favored by American travelers—Great Britain. This, according to the British,” explains the Gazette, is “due to our un. willingness to exempt British immi- — e the roll was called he voted for it. Nor is he likely to change his attitude now in regard to that issue. It is quite clear that if Senator Schall is to have opposition from=Walter Newton in the the American wheat gyower, Canadian. Tourists and Press Rejoice At Reduction of Visa Fees grants from the head tax, and to be more lenient regarding the time limit for refunding this tax to visitors who do not intend to make their permanent residence here. At the present time, the alien who comes to the United States must leave the country within two months if he is to collect the head tax refund. London officials, as well as statesmen of some other countries, feel that this condition is unreasonable,” concludes this journal. The Indianap- olis News also refers to the visa charge in Great Britain, and says, “The ex- pectation is that the British, as anxious for tourist traffic as are the French, the Germans and the Italians, will con- sent to a change.” That intercourse between countries should be made as easy as possible is the point stressed by many papers, records the Buffalo Evening Times in speaking of its' own attitude: “The Times, quick to sense the absurdity and the disadvantages of the new-fangled visa situation, at once opposed it, and for the past 10 years has steadily pounded for a return to passport ‘nor- malcy” * * * Why should there be any charge at all when the government of the traveler certifies to his character and_respectability?” asks this paper. “There is no reason Why any govern= ment should try to make money out of international travel, which should for every reason encouraged by governments of the nations,” decla the Charleston Evening Post. Orleans Times-Picayune say plain as a proverbial pikestaff that this war-time passport charge and the en= tire system of visas long ago became an indefensible nuisance and an imposition on our traveling public.” “Instead of making more costly and difficult the personal contacts between the people of the various nations, every= thing in reason should be done to sim- plify and encourage such interchanges in the interest of international under- standing and friendship,” says the Salt Lake Deseret News, as it calls the re- duction of the visa fees “a step in this latter direction.” The Allentown M ing Call rejoices that “slowly the visa nuisance is being wiped out,” and the Dayton Daily News declares that “the next step in facilitating Furopean travel is for our State Department to cut out the $10 charge for a passport. Most American travelers going to Europe.” it points out, “are teachers, students, min- isters, mostly people in modest circum- stances who travel to study. At best, it is hard enough for these teachers to finance this trip, and why should a great, rich Government tax them $10 when they are already making great sacrifice? Perhaps Mr. Stimson, our new Secretary of State, will bring about this reform,” suggests the News. - —e— Canadian Newspapers Hit Wheat Tariff Bill From the St. Paul Pioneer Press. America’s sharpest critics among the Canadian newspapers have trained thelr guns on the tariff bill. The most caus- tic commentator of them all, the To=~ ronto Mail and Empire, complains that at the present rate of 42 cents a bushel the wheat duty already “pretty well bars Canada’s wheat from the consumptive demand of the United States,” and that if the President wishes he may raise the rate 50 per cent under the new bill. What is the Mail and Empire kicking about? On Monday May wheat was selling at $1.13!; at Winnipeg and $1.04% at Minneapolis—a spread of more than 6 cents in Winnipeg's fa- vor. If a 42-cent tariff already keeps Canada’s wheat off the American mar- ket and if prices there are higher than ours anyhow, what is it to Canada how high the American wheat tariff goes? If any one has a complaint coming, it is not the cadese The Governor Stays Green. senatorial primaries next vear he will make the most “ht | lcbenture in the early stages of the |in the Siate. 31 is sirongt ight, he had never committed himself 'allied with the President against and when bW~ - n the Toledo Blade. higan wants a bird that v all. Winter. Doubtless it is of : use to suggest the jaibird. State + “The Great Divide” '