Evening Star Newspaper, May 8, 1929, Page 8

a & . occasions. Disarmament will not be ac- THE EVENING STAR ___ With Sunday Morning Edition. __ WASHINGTON, D. C WEDNESDAY......May 8, 1929 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: and Pennsrivania Ats. 110 East 42nd S uronean Office: England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. ening Star Py 45¢c per month | . i and Sunday Sllrm ( n Sundays) .. .. per month The Evenine and Sunday Star (when § Sundavs) +.ss.. 65¢ per month Slar 5S¢ per copy | ieciion made at ihe end of each menth. | & may be sent in by mail or telephone Order Main 5000, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Marvland and Virginia. i v ard Sunday....1 yr.$16.00; 1 mo.. 85¢ Dagy onlx ... 11 yri seon: 1o 80c | Sufay only ¥ $4.00; 1 mo.. 40c “ Al Other States and Canada. | a +$12.00: 1 mo.. §1.00 * 13,00 1 mo. i8¢ | 3500 1 mo. 50¢ patches credited to 1t o not othe ited in this paper and aito published herein All rizhts of publica speciai dispatcnes herein are also reserved The Prospect for Disarmament. President Hoover has seized upon the | adjournment of the Preparatory Com-! mission on Disarmament at Geneva as #n occasion for discussing the results ! likely to flow from its deliberations. He | says he is “greatly gratified at their promising character.” The President stat~s that “all of the principal naval powers have expressed adherence to the | principles suggested by the American delegation.” These principles, Mr. Hoo- ver explains, include “the conception of | reduction, instead of limitation, of naval #trenzth.” Full and frank discussion of | “the American formula” is now as- sured, with a view to its development “into a practical step.” If Herbert Hoover were a man less; addicted to preciseness of statement than he is known to be, there might be an inclination to read into his an- nouncement nothing but glittering gen- cralities and academic platitudes. But the President always measures his words. When he tells us that “the manner in which the discussions growing out of the Geneva meeting are to be initiated" is not to be allowed to lag indefinitely, but “will be followed up promptly,” the world knows, in the Yankee vernacular, that Hoover means business. He does not mean “maybe.” The President more than once during | the month of the preliminary commis- slon’s session emphasized that it was not a disarmament conference. It was only the prologue to a conference. It was de- signed merely to raise the curtain on what the world hopes may soon become & drama of actual accomplishment in the armament domain. Rome was not built in a day, as has been remarked on sundry and divers o 5 complished overnight, either. Perhaps before it is. the Hoover system of sim- plified practices will be dedicated to the task of enlightening the untutored pub- lic mind, here and abroad, on exactly what are the distinctions between “limitation” of armament and “reduc- tion” of #armament. Where does lim- itation” end and “reduction” begin? Does “limitation” refer to future con- struction of ships and size of armies, or does it apply to existing navies and mil- itary forces? Does “reduction™ mean de- creasing the strength a country already possesses on sea and land, or diminish- ing it hereafter? ‘The White House communique of yes- terday is highly comforting in the ab- stract, but a little confusing in the con- crete. President Hoover, with his genius for clarification, would do well to dissi- pate the fog. e Gen. Lord's Retirement. It may have required a man of Gen. Dawes’ dynamic and colorful personality to start the wheels of the then newly created Bureau of the Budget to grind- ing, but when he stepped out he was able to leave with the knowledge that the post of command was filled by one whose enthusiasm and zest for the pro- | vast importance, in which the Govern- ment ! present Attorney General, Mr. Mitchell. | well qualified to hold this office. Chief WASHINGTON. D. C. WEDNESDAY. MAY 8. 1929 cerned—of important Federal offices./ing in the woods mects a bear and! Mr. Hughes has played his part in Re- publican politics in New York, but, it is said, not conspizuously up to the preseint itime. He has devoted himself rather to the practice of law and in that field has distinguished himself. That would appear to qualify him for the post to | which he is to be named, even to & greater extent than signal success in the field of politics. The office of So- licitor General handies for the Govern- | ment the law cases, many of them of ment is involved. It has been the duty of the Solicitor General to appear on behalf of the Government before the Supreme Court of the United States in | many of the cases in which the Govern- | is an interested party. More and more the office of Attorney General has become an administrative office, with the duty imposed upon the Solicitor General of conducting the Government’s prosecution or defense in the law courts. into a post which has been held by the The judgment of his associates before the bar, however, is that Mr. Hughes is | Justice Taft at the age of thirty-two! became Solicitor General of the United | States, an important step in his dis- tinguished career. In more reccnt years the office was held by John W. Davis, & member of Congress prior to his ap- pointment and subsequently Ambassa- dor to Great Britain and the nominec | of the Democratic party for President in 1924, Mr. Hughes bears a name that isy known and honored throughout the| country. The news reports of the selec~ tion of Mr. Hughes to be Solicitor Gen- eral assert that his distinguished father, former Secretary of State and former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, had no part in bringing Mr. Hughes’ name to the attention of the President. The assertion seems superfluous. Charles Evans Hughes, sr., would be the last man to seek preference through his own influence for political appointment to Federal office. The career of the prospective Solicitor General will be. watched with the keen- est interest. The introduction of young blood of this character into the public service is a matter of congratulation. ——— New Chain Bridge Needed. The prospect of early construction of a bridge across the Potomac River at the Great Falls is one mcre step in fa- cilitating communication between the runs. because he is afraid of the bear. He runs because running is the natural defense adjustment of the animal is found far down in the scale of life among organisms so lowly that there lcan be no question of an emotional factor. It has been passed along in the process of evolution from lower to high- er forms. Nobody supposes that the | carthworm retreats because it is afraid. It is only because the man runs from the bear, James said, that he is afraid. of running. It in turn spurs the man to run faster, and the faster he runs (he greater is his fear, until he has escaped from the danger. automatic reactions to danger is the sympathetic nervous system. Hence it has been held that this is the seat of the emotions. It is only when the sym- pathetic system has started its work vent danger, either by flight or resist- ance, that the emotions of fear or rage are felt. The condition is familiar to many who have been confronted with a crisis, such as an automobile smash-up. They have not been afraid until the crash had occurred and the danger passed. But the theory apparently does not hold up well under experiment. heps the foremost authority in America on the sympathetic nervous system is Prof. Walter B. Cannon of Harvard. Lately, by a series of remarkable opera- tions, he has been able to disconnect entirely the sympathetic nervous system of cats, dogs and monkeys. Apparently the animals felt the same emotions as before. The sympathectomized cat was just as fearful of the barking dog. but its body did not make the same automatic adjustments to the danger. Cannon himself is chary of & psy- chological interpretation of the results of his operations on animals. but it was brought out in the discussions before the National Academy of Sciences, where the experiments were described, that this may mean a death blow to the James-Lange theory. e In old-fashioned printing, paper were facetiously referred to as “lamp black and rag.” The new jour- nalism employs electric lights instead of lamps and is inclined to regard woo pulp instead of rags as royal raiment worn for Virtue's sake. r———s A plan that will enable everybody to country lying north and south of the river, The legislation which had led to lhe| permit being granted for that bridge. like much similar legislation in recent years, was, naturally, sponsored by the senior Senator from Virginia and Rep- resentative Moore of the Virginia dis- trict nearest to Washington. Mi” Moore, who is sanguine about the benefits that will accrue from the construction of the Great Falls Bridge, points to what has been done in the past ten years in over- coming this river batrier. “Since com- ing to Congress,” he said, “I have seen the Key Bridge completed, the Memorial Bridge well advanced toward comple- tion, bridges authorized at the Great Falls and at the Dahlgren Naval Prov- ing Ground and the new Highway Bridge and the Chain Bridge repaired. There is at least one other improvement of this kind that I hope to see, and that is a new Chain Bridge, at a higher level than the present structure, to cross the river from the Maryland to the Virginia hills.” Senator Swanson and Representative Moore have introduced bills authoriz- ing an appropriation for an investiga- tion of the Chain Bridge situation and the preparation of plans for a new bridge, and this proposal is said to have the general approval of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission and the Commission of Fine Arts. ‘The bridge now in use is so located that the approaches are inadequate and dangerous. Besides, the condition of the structure is such as to require a load limit of six tons, which in these days saic task of saving money would keep them grinding, and grinding small. Brig. Gen. H. M. Lord, who is about to leave the Government after a service of more than thirty years, the last seven of which were spent as the second di- rector of the Bureau of the Budget, will enter private business with the satis- faction of knowing that his efforts con- tributed largely toward solid establish- ment of the budget system in the Federal Government and that he taught the army of Federal employes the lesson of saving public money and made them like it. Gen. Lord’s administration has been notable for several things: His marked ability 25 a financier dealing wisely with great problems. His tact and diplomacy in wielding the blue pencil on the enthusiastic estimates submitted by the various Beads of Federal estab- lishments resulted in a lack of friction that was more marked because of the many opportunities for the exercise of arbitrary power that are characteristic of his office. And his ability to drama- tize and give verbal picturesqueness to the dull work of squeezing pennies enabled him to enlist the co-operation of thousands of minor public officials and employes, to make them feel that whatever savings they could effect, no matter how small, were valuable con- tributions to good government and effi- cient spending. He will be missed as the director of the budget, but the hundreds of mem- bers of his “Woodpeckers' Club” and “Two Per Cent Club” and various other mythical orgamizations will feel a dis- tinet persona$ loss in the resignation of their honorary president and founder. —ors ————— Germany is a studious nation and likely at any moment to bring forward profeund thoughts on all kinds of social and_ political theories. e Charles Evans Hughes, Jr. Charles Evans Hughes, jr., has been selected by President Hoover, on recom- mendation of eminent members of the New York Bar Association, to fill the important office of Solicitor General of the United States. The Republican tri- umvirate dealing with Federal patron- age matters in New York State has, it is reported, give sign of approval to the appointment The seleciion of Mr. Hughes may or may not arouse the critieism of poli- i is rather ridiculous, when a large pas- senger bus, even without a load, exceeds that weight. ‘The Swanson-Moore bills will be ac- tively pressed at the first regular ses- sion of the present Congress, opening in December, and the outcome will be watched with deep interest by the busi- ness and traveling public of Washing- ton, which is so vitally concerned in sufficient means of transportation be- tween the National Capital and the area on the south shores of the river, now rapidly becoming & city. 1t has been stated by the representa- tives of the Great Falls Bridge Co. that the bridge to be erected at Great Falls is to be a concrete steel span, affording an excellent view of the cataract, and that the cost will be around a million dollars. The promoters « tne bridge at Dahl- gren, which is to e built by the George ‘Washington-Wakefield Memorial Bridge Co., running from Popes Creek, Md., to a point in King George County, Va. will be about one and a half miles in length, and the estimated cost is about $4,000,000. The permit for the latter bridge was issued by the War Depart- ment just before the permit for the Great Falls Bridge was issued. Washington has a very vital interest in all these new bridges, and looking to- ward the future, with the contemplated development of the palisade drives on both sides of the river and the preser- vation of the gorge of the Potomac, it is an essential feature of this develop- ment that the existing Chain Bridge should be replaced by one spanning the high banks. There is good reason to ex- pect favorable action by the present Congress. v ———— Architecture is proceeding in Wash- ington, D. C,, at a pace calculated to satisfy the tastes of visitors, who, in ad- | dition to studying historic sites, like to admire the tall buildings. The Emotions. Humap and animal emotions still constitute & rather obscure field, open to the metaphysician and philosopher as well as the scientist. One of the outstanding contributions on this subject was that of the late william James. The so-called James- Tange theory has been almost classical in psychology. It held that the emo- save money is contemplated by Raskob. However original and encouraging it may prove, it will still depend on the ancient maxim, “The Lord helps those who help themselves.” et No fear is entertained that questions of social precedence will assume such importance as to overshadow, even mo- mentarily, questions of political and financial precedence in the world at large. . Suggestion of & war on the cigarette does not go so far as to intimate that it throws enough of a smoke screen to do any damage to anything except a drug-store complexion. —— v When Maj. L’Enfant worked out a map for this Nation's Capital City he could foresee neither the parking spaces required for motors nor the landing fields needed for airplanes. ——oe— Even so great a base ball plaver as Walter Johnson shares the necessity of common humanity in requiring occa- sional sick leave. ————— Crime is always reprehensible. The effort to cope with criminals has from time immemorial been one of the great influences in making histo e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Modern Improvements. We next should proceed, without fall, With plans to remodel the jail. The white marble column, ‘With dignity solemn, For proper effect should prevail. Near pictures by painters renowned, Fine Orient rugs, should be found, And music so sweetly, By radio brought neatly, Through soft-tinted twilights should sound. Though rumors unkind may assail The prisoner shut out from bail, If he's happy and healthy, With tastes of the wealthy— We'll have to remodel the jail! Practicing. “Haven't heard from you for some time? Do you no longer practice elocu- tion “I have been working harder than that,” answered Senator Sorghum. “In & time of complicated discussion, I have been practicing discreet silences.” Sweeping Indictment. The stanch reformer, ere he's done, May make us all turn pale, If he insists 'most every one He knows should go to jail. Jud Tunkins says a man who can't stick to the truth has to tire himself out finding a new audience every day. The Faithful Song. ‘The honest watchdog's bark I heard Amid his vigil long. Sweet sings each bird. My heart was stirred Most by his faithful song. Call of Mammon. “Don't you know the man you were talking to is a bootlegger?” “I wasn't talking about licker,” an- swered Uncle Bill Bottletop. “I was trying to help my credit by an appear- ance of familiarity with a man who handles so much money.” “There are no dragons,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “The fire- breathing motor car Is now regarded with humble terror.” Traveling to the Light. Into the cloy® there comes a rift ‘That shows thé sun’s bright ray, When some one gives a friend a lift Along the stormy way. “De way of de transgressor,” sald Uncle Eben, “is hard, but somefim=s it tions are secondary to automatic physi- ticlans who wish to have the disposal-- cal adjustments to the environment. 'pears like a concrete pagement foh bal- He does not run, James said,! ganism to danger. Retreat from danger | Fear is the result of the physical action | Per- | ink and | ‘Which is the best way to write, on a typewriter, or with pen or pencil? considerinz the “drugerics of author- | ship,” s James Boswell called it, this i is no small matter. { " If the inescapable labor of literary starting to work, a feeling which besets | most workers with words, it continues | words down con paper. No writer has yet devised a better | method than involved in the use of a sheet of paper and some sort of record- | ing instrument, whether it be pencil | pen_or typing machine. Those who diciate their “stuff” com- | the writ:ng game. The general feeling | | always has been and still is that there | | is no method quite so good as watching ! cne's wriling grow under one’s very | eyes. | “There is a certain durable satisfac- tion in turning out sheet after sheet of that belong as much as any | thoughts can. | Plumbinz and carpentry and-brick- |laying no doubt have their compens tions, their own peculiar satisfactions, | | but surely no man working with build- | | ing materials ever quite achieved the durable results of who have | | worked with words. { ERE R The advent of the typewriter gave | { mankind an utterly new means of put- ting his thoughls on paper. It was incvitable that such a con- | venient, handy and above all legible method of writing should have been | adopted instantaneously by write everywhere, especially ~ where — quick results were necessary. Composition no less than other en- has felt the urge of the rage d. The world moves on at such | and has so concentrated its i thoughts on the subject of t nothing is immune to it. G s ring night and their insatiable maws always to one some ¢ : In transferring the news of the day | into print, an everyday miracle which | never grows stale, the typewriter is in- | Of course, it was done in | the days before this machine, but only in a rudimentary way compared Wwith the manner in which a great modern daily covers the news of the world. In other lines of the writing art the | typewriting machine has made a big place for itself. The use of it comes natural to some men, to others not { quite so much so. A typewriter, for the | uses of what may still be called liter- ary composttion, has several advantages. | One of these is that it gives the | writer a comparatively clean rough draft, so that he may more easily go ack and make such corrections and | additions as he finds necessary. Its product more nearly gives him an idea of the way his work will actually Yook in print than any other melhod. He can come near seeing his work as others will see it On the typewritten pages he sees | himself as others see him! Then there is a phase of the matter which must never be forgotten: The printer, the compositor, whether he use hand-set type or lintype or monotype, is & neces- sary pardner. The more legible his “copy,” every- thing else taken into consideration, the fewer errors he will make in setting up the writer's production. Every one has heard stories of the miserable penman- ship of the great Horace Greeley. Cer- ! with the actual task of putting those | | more time to stir in. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. tected egainst really miserable hand- | that what may seem perfectly legible to |a writer may be a puzzler to another. #o Now that we have said what we can { composition begins with the dread of | for the use of the typewriter, we un- | lican point of view. hesitatingly recommend the use of pen- il and paper to all such as can con- trive it. We believe thai any one can write better so. A writer can commune more_easi with his heart and brain when he sits down (o a sheet of paper with a pencil | n his hand. A pen may do, but some- how ink seems messy, and this despite the invention of pens which do not Now the mechanism for most of these | prise only a few in the long annals of [ sputter or drip ink. All young men and women who aspire to earn their living by writting, as thou- ancs do, ought to stick to pencil and paper as long as they can. If time per- mits, the first draft may be neatly type- written afterward. At the same time, they should practice in composition cn | Mr. Hughes is a comparatively YOUng{ of putting the body in shape to circum- | fair paper covered with the thoughts | (ne’ mathine” s such speed will be man—forty years of age. He is to step| necessary at times. The advantages of the old-style method are many. In the first place, as we have stated, it gets the writer ser to himself, and there can be no greater necessity in writing than that One may try as hard as he can to belleve that he likes longhand best simply because he was “brought up” on it. If, however, aft many years of composition on a machine, he will go back to script, we believe he will inva- ably find himself and his writing the gaine! The second great gain of writing with pencil and paper is the more actual time a man has to think while writing. No matter how facile a performer one may be, a certain time must be taken to think! A maw half-way handy with a typewriter can reel his words off so quickly that sometimes he is conscious of the fact that his hand is rather getting ahead of his idea Let it be stated that the thought in- volved in composition is one of the most interesting sorts of thinking in the world. It is half conscious half non- conscious, defying the mind to separate the two precisely. When one is writing with pencil it is impossible to make the words appear in sequence as fast as they would were he using a typewriter capably. So he gives himself more time to think be- tween words. The stir in the brain which we call literary composition has There is an ac tual sense of this as one writes. E: peeially is this noticeable when one ac- customed to composition on a type- writer goes back to longhand for a time. We have asked many writers of varying degrees about this, and one and all have admitted that there is more chance of their saying exactly what they want to say with pencil and paper. Often with the typewriter a thought gets control of them before they are aware of it, almost, and away they go on a train of thought which, | had the clicking keys been less agile, they might have rejected entirely for another. There are other advantages to long- hand. No doubt this method suits bet- ter & calm temperament than a fiery one. It must be admitted that some- times the thoughts get fay ahead of the writing fingers, but this is almost always a good thing, preventing the hand from writing anything but its owner’s best. As we pointed out yes- terday, writing is one of the few pro- fessions in which every member always 1 tainly a printer has a right to be pro- Evidently President Hoover believes that one good Hughes in the office of the Solicitor General deserves another. At any rate, when Charles Evans Hughes, jr., enters the Department of Justice to become Uncle Sam’s principal trial lawyer, he'll find one more Hughes there waiting for him—William J., who has been Assistant Solicitor for many years. They are not related, unless it be that all Hugheses once upon a time must have sprung from the same root. Assistant Solicitor General Hughes is completing his forty-fourth year in the Department of Justice. He is an em- inent authority on. questions of juris- diction and procedure in Federal courts, particularly in the Supreme Court. A long line of attorneys gen- eral and solicitors general has leaned on Hughes' expert knowledge on tick- lish occasions. He says he has an even greater claim to renown—that of the only man ever delivered alive at his own home in a hearse. Hughes was once smashed up in an automobile accident near Washinglon and was picked up by the first vehicle that came along—a hearse bound for town after a country funeral. * ok K ok Politicians consider the Hoover ad- ministration’s stand against creation of a Department of Education, as recently enunciated by Secretary of the Interior ‘Wilbur, a stiff uppercut at the Ku Klux Klan. The sheeted knights for several years have been in the forefront of the agitation to establish the projected form of Federal control over public ed- ucation. The Klan's zeal for a de- partment presumably was generated by the fact that the Roman Catholic Church opposed it. The National Ed- ucation Association also emerges with missing tail feathers as the result of the administration’s decision, as it was the spearhead of the long campaign waged on the proposal’s behalf. ~Sec- retary Wilbur's pronouncement evident- ly dooms the Department of Education scheme as far as the Hoover regime is concerned, but, temporarily crushed to earth, it probably will rise again, * ok kX One of the House of Representatives’ Floradora Octette is authority for the statement that it’s no longer permissible to greet the Vice President of the United States as “Charley.” She says she encountered Mr. Curtis in a Cap- itol lobby the other day, addressed him by the name she's always called him, and was gently, but firmly, minded that he’s now second-in- s his rank and title Lo be recognized even on the most colloquial occastons, * oK K K When Gov. Alfred E. Smith this week received the Laetare medal from the University of Notre Dame, he utilized that intellectual occasion for the pur- pose of clearing up the “raddio” mys- tery. Speaking over a broadeasting net- work in acknowledgment of his honor, Gov. Smith began by paying his re- spects to the “raddio” audience, as of yore. Then, in concluding his remarks, he said: “Honestly, 1 have it from a professor of English in one of our great universities that my pronunciation of ‘radio’ is the pure one. But I'll be frank with you and say tI before he told me I was not sure about it.” * oK K K A congressional re is generally re- garded as imminent. The House of Representatives will pretty well have wound up the business in hand when it sends the Hawley tariff bill to the Senate, to which it submitted the Haugen farm bill a couple of wee ago. While the Senate finance commit- tee is milling over the House tariff bill prospectively a matter of weeks—there'll be little knitting for the Upper House to attend to. farm relief bills will by that time be in conference between House and Senate, so that the two major issues for which the session was called will be off the floors of Congress; The Senate, if it pleases, can take up re- apportionment, national origins and the census, all of which business awaiis Senate action after House approval. But a recess while the farm rellef and tariff many leaders in both branches expect | tries to do his best. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Somebody who knows his Froude has dug up a plece of ancient history de- scribed as applicable to current condi- tions in the United States. The his- torian wrote: “Caesar appointed a com- mission to examine the huge mass of legal precedents, reduce them to prin- ciples and form a digest.” This was in BC. 45. The discoverer of the episode wonders if Herbert, AD. 1929, when deciding upon his commission to survey law enforcement in all its branch- es, may not have taken a leaf out of the notebook of Julius, B.C. 45. * ok k kX Everybody in Congress expects sugar —even though metaphor is mixed in saying it—to be the big bone of con- tention in the tariff fight now fmpend- ing. The proposal to raise the sugar duty to 3 cents a pound will be a four- cornered international scrap, marked mainly by the conflicting interests of American beet growers and Cuban pro- Gucers, ‘Then there is the Philippine sugar industry, with its demand, backed by Secretary Stimson, for continued liberal American tarifl treatment, and finally there are the interests of Uncle Sam's other wards and sugar islands— Hawail and Porto Rico. A pretty scrap is in the offing, and it'll be far. from being sweet, as the subject suggests. * Xk X X Sir A. Maurice Low, dean of foreign correspondents in the United Staies and for more than 25 years the Wash- ington representative of the London Morning Post, is seriously ill at Gar- field Hospital. He has been in failing health for several vears, though he has remained in harness. A native of Lon- con and in his sixty-ninth year, Sir Maurice is probably as keen an author ity on American affairs as anybody in the United States. He was a corre- spondent with our Army in Cuba dur- ing the Spanish-American War. Low has written several books on this coun- try, including “The American People,” otection in the United States” and ‘America at Home.” (Copyright, - Four-Room Home Put In Space of Cupboard BY E. E. FREE, PH. D. Theatrical troupers who live all their lives out of a trunk and cook their breakfasts over lodging house gas jets have no advantage over the owners of an ingenious cupboard recently dis- played in Berlin as the equivalent of a four-room flat, When some of the many doors of this cupboard are opened, receptacles appear for the clothing of two persons. From the center of the contrivance & flat board, with legs, lets down to make a dining table. Two easy chairs and two smaller chairs appear from an- other recess and unfold. Lights on the top of the cupboard provide the most modern of indirect lighting for the din- ing room thus provided. An ingeniously contrived shelf de- scends from the upper part of the ver- satile plece of furniture, to carry an electric coffee pot and all necessities for the femily breakfast. Breakfast over, this shelf-kitchen moves upward again into its former place, and the dining room is converted into the sit- ting room by unfolding the easy chairs and opening the side of one of them to make a bookcase. Another leaf from the cupboard provides a desk for cor- pondence. ) bedtime comes, the dining table turns over, a mattress appears from another of the cupboard's recesses, and the bLedroom of the one-room suite is ready for use. The only thing necessary before this four-room cupboard moves into a new one-room home is an elec- tric connection into which to plug the cupboard’s extension cord. When the owners decide to move, they merely fold up their four-room flat and the baggageman takes it away. v Love Lent Wings, From thie Ithaca Journal-New Our memory goss back to the time shen young men made flving visits to les without the ald of an air. & 1929 Politics at Large ' By G. Gould Lincoln. | The long-awaited tariff bill has been made public. Judging from the im- In | writing. And it must never be forgotten | mediate comment upon the measure, it | |has not satisfied entirely the repre- | sentatives of ths farm group or of the | manufacturers. This from the Repub- The fire of the | Democras is yet to come. The latter | may be expected to be loud and long. | "In the main, the ways and means | committee Republicans, who framed the tariff bill, have followed the recom- mendations of President Hoover, not { with regard to individual rates, for the President made no such recommenda- | tions, but in the general scope of the |evision. The fact that no one seems | to be entirely pleased with the measure | —with the committee Republicans per- !haps excepted—may be an indication {that the tariff bill is what it should under the theory of the Repub- tective tarifl. The tariff is a ir any way you look at it. te on a commodity is good {for one person and not so good for cnother. A low rate works the same way, but with a reverse English. WA e |A high | yet to caucus on the tariff bill. There 1is promise of real row over some of the | schedules when the “caucus is within the next few days. Members ifrom the farm States, while professing | saticfaction with the rates placed on agricultural products in the main, are up in arms over the increases granted certain products which the farmers must buy. The rates on building mate- | rials already have drawn the fire of | Representative Dickinson and Repre- sentative Ramseyer of Iowa, for exam- pie. They say it is an outrage that the duties on cement, shingles, brick and ilumber have been increased, on the | theory that these are materials which the farmers must buy, along with every other consumer, and that the increased rates will be reflected in increased prices. While the farm State Representatives are displeased with the increases grant- ed on matorials which the farmers buy, there are Representatives from the in- dustrial States who seem little more pleased with the bill. Representative | A. Piatt Andrew of Massachusetts, for example, announces he can express little enthusiasm for the committee’s bill. He is displeased with the bill because it has left both shoes and shoe leather on i the free list. It is not difficult to im- agine the howl which would have gone up from other elements of the popula- tion, however, if a duty had been im- posed on shoes—from the farmer par- ticularly, The Massachusetts member is satisfied, however, with increases and re- classification of the fish and fish prod- ucts rates and with increased duties on wool hats, e e ke These are merely random expressions | of opinion by Republican members of | the House, given to indicate the diverse opinions of the tariff bill which is soon to run the gantlet first of the House and {then of the Senate. There is a tirade from many quarters over the sugar schedule, the duties having been mate- rially increased. The large consumers of sugar are protesting violently, while | growers of sugar beets and cane sugar in this country are displeased with the | fact that Philippine sugar will continue to be imported free. * Tinkering with the tariff has always been a ticklish affair for any political party' and full of danger for any ad- ministration. Tariff laws have resulted in the defeat of both Republican and Democratic Presidents who came up for re-election in the past. They played hob with Grover Cleveland at one time and with William Howard Taft at an- other. The Republicans, however, sur- vived the passage of the present tariff act, for President Coolidge was re- elected in 1924 and President Hoover won in the national election last Na- vember. Much depends upon the pros- perity of the country after a change in the tariff law. If the country continues prosperous under the proposed new law, despite criticisms from various groups, when 1832 rolls around, it will take a strong candidate and some other issue to prevent the renomination and re- election of Mr. Hoover. i x X X x While the flexible provision of the tariff law has been retained in the new bill giving the President the power to increase rates 50 per cent, when it has been shown that such increase is warranted because of changed condi- tions, the President is not given the right to take commodities from the free list and impose & duty on them, as was advocated in certain quarters. Under the bill, however, the President will have authority to change the per- sonnel of the Tariff Commission, if he sees fit. The size of the Tariff Board is increased from six to seven members and the pay of the individual members is increased from $7,500 to $12,000. This is in line with the President’s de- sire to increase the strength of the board. It is evident, however, that the House members are mnot Wwilling to relinquish their authority to deal with the tariff duties as they see fit and when they see fit. The tariff will remain a matter of politics. * kK ok Seats in the United States Senate never are permitted to go a-begging | There are always plenty of candidates, provided there is a ghost of & chance. Next year about one-third of the total membership of the Senate comes up for re-election, and already there is not a little campaigning. both on the part of the present holders of the seats in the Senate, but also on the part of the aspirants for such honors not now in the Senate. Up in Maine there is to be a senatorial election, with Senator Arthur R. Gould’s se: Senator Gould was elected to fill the unexpired term of the late Senator Fernald, which ends March 4, 1931. Representative Wallace White, who has represented his district, the second, for seven terms, is reported to be a candi- date for the Republican nomination to succeed Mr. Gould., Mr. White is chairman of the merchant marine and fisheries committee of the House—a committee which has to do with many of the interests of Maine. He is a grandson of the late Senator Frye, who served for 30 years as Senator from Maine, the immediate successor in that body of James G. Blaine and the col- league for many years of the senior Senator Hale. Mr. White was private secretary to Senator Frye and secrelary of the commerce committee of the Sen- ate for a number of years. If there is anything in heredity, when it comes to Senate seats, Mr. White would appear to be in line for the job. He has shown bimself well qualified as a legislator, {and for years has been able to win re- election to Congress in one of the closest. if not the closest, political districts in his State. The former Governor of Maine, Ralph Brewster, who broke a spear in the senatorial lists with Sen- ator Hale a year ago, is said to be a probable candidate also for the nom! nation. If he is, the contest is likely to be brisk. Mr. Brewster has a following in Maine which, while it may not be able to nominate him, will stick by him. * ok ok K Farther down the Atlantic Coast there is agitation in New Jersey over the Senate seat now held by Senator Walter E. Edge. According to some reports, Mr. Edge will be appointed Ambassador to France. This rumor has not yet been confirmed, but some of | Mr, Edge’s friends insist he is going to Paris, but that the appointment will not be made until after the close of the special session of Congress, where his vote and influence are needed by the administration. In any event Sen- ator Edge’s term expires March 4, 1931, and he must stand for re-election next year if he does not go abroad. To guard against_any slip-up, the Edge organ- ization is making plans for the renomi- nation of the Senator despite the reports he is going to France as this country's representativ names are tioned prominently as succeesors to Mr, Edge, if he takes The Republicans of the House have | held | | in the balance. | the other half liv Among those whose | seen him impaled on the poiznant end ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Have we had the pleasure of serving you through our Washington Informa- tion Bureau? Can't we be of some help | to you in your problems? Our business is fo furnish you with authoritative in- formation, and_we invite you to ask us | any question of fact in which you are interested. Send your inquiry to The | Evening Star Information Bureau, Fred- eric_J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Q. What method is used by aero pilots to record the total number of hours they have flown?-—C. D. B. A. Every flight is recorded in a Pilot Book at the finish of the flight. Q. When was » ball first played on the present Polo Grounds?—R. D. A. It was first played there. April 22, 1891. i Q T there a jury at a court-martial? A. The Department of War says that in court-martial procedure there is never a jury. The several officers pres- ent act as both court and jury. . Has Connecticut a Federal bird sanctuary?—G. W. A. There are no Federal bird sanc- tuaries in Connecticut. However, there are more than twenty State sanctuaries. Q. nounced?—S. V. S. The vowels are all short, accent is on first syllable and the letter given its usual English value. Q. Who composed “Alexander’s Rag- time Band"?—W. A. J. A. It was written by Irving Berlin in 1911, Q. Why are flags flown on Mother's day?—B. T. A. In 1914, Senator J. Thomas Heflin, at the request of the founder of Moth- er's day, Miss Anna Jarvis, introduced the joint resolution which was agreed to whereby the President should desig- nate by annual proclamation the d play of the American flag on all Gov- ernment buildings, homes and other suitable places. The United States is the first Nation in the world to give such a national, patriotic honor and tribute to the mothers of the Nation. Q. How many newspapers belong to the Western Newspaper Union?— G. E. L. A. About 3,127 newspapers are on its lists. Q. Please give some of the theories advanced as to the origin of the term o = LK. A. “O. K.” are letters used on papers, documents, etc., to indicate that they are all right. The story that Gen. Jack- son used these letters to indorse offi- clal papers as “correct” (“orl korrect”) seems to have been started by Seba Smith. It was a hit at Jackson's sup- posed illiteracy, and as a party cry dur- ing the presidential campaign of 1832 acquired great vogue. Parton states that Jackson used to indorse legal docu- ments “O. R.” (“order recorded”), and the mistaking of the letters was probably the basis of Downing's jest. The term is also said to have originated with Josh Billings and has been ascribed to sev- eral other persons. Jacob Astor is said to have used it to indicate the stand- ing of traders about whom he was ques- tioned. In colonial days the best to- bacco and rum were imported from Aux Cayes, and from this fact “Aux Cayes" (“o ka") became a popular expression for “excellence.” Q. What is Fascism?—L. O. K. A. Fascism is a form of nationalism, resulting from the determination of the Fascisti to extricate Italy from the chaos resulting from the World War, to give her moral unity, and in fact to make her a new state. The Fascisti were formed to oppose, by violent means if necessary, all radical elements in the How is (gue;uqud “carillon” pro- | country, such as Bolsheviks and Com- munists. Q. When was the King James Ver- sion of the Bible published?—J. T. C. A. It was published in 1611. Q. Why is Comdr. Byrd's outfit stav- ing in the Antarctic during the period of total darkn . J. A. In speaking of the period of dark- | ness at the Pole, complets darkness is not implied, but rather a sort of t light. There is sufficient light for or dinary activities to be carried on | Comdr. Byrd and his companions ex- pect to make many observations during | the Winter period. It is more prac- ticable for them to remain at their base than to go to the trouble and ex- | pense of moving backward and forward | @ How fast does a dream take place?—W. E. S. A. Scientists have conducted. various | experiments to demonstrate the rapidity | with which a dream takes place. In one | particular instance the sprinkling of a few drops of water on a man's face caused a dream in which the events of !a whole lifetime passed before him. | The whole process took but a second or |two of time., The great rapidity of | dreams is due to the fact that in the | unconscious all the individual's life ex- | periences are on view as if in one flash. Q. Why are two dates given for the birthdate of George Washington?— “p i3 A. The difference in the dates given for the birthday of George Washington |is due to the change in the calendar. February 22, 1732, is the date accord- ing to the new style of our present sys- tem of reckoning. At the time Wash- | ington was born, however, the Jullan style was used. Q. Why is the steel frame of & new | skyscraper, which is being erected in | New York City, being painted a bright | yellow>—R. B. d A. It is an advertising device adopted by the firm furnishing the steel. Struc- tural steel usually arrives coated with red paint as a means of preserving its | surface. As the steel is erected, & | coat of black paint is usually given it. Q. How much petroleum is produced a month in the United States?>—T. M. A. The amount varies. In March, | 1929, the production was 82,515,000 | barrels. This was the largest amount ever produced in one month. Q. When was the first boat sunk in the World War?>—W. S. A. Tt is believed that the first was the San Wilfrido, a British ship sunk by a mine, August 3, 1914. Q. In what direction should a tennis court face?—F. R. A. It is advisable for a tennis court to run north and south. Q. To what church did Andrew Care negie first give an organ?—H. 8. A. Mr. Carnegie's first gift of an organ to a church was made to the |little Swedenborgian Church in Alle- gheny, of which his mother was a member and which he attended as a boy. When it was installed, the pipes were so tall that the ceiling had to be altered and it was a current joke that the organ that Mr. Carnegie had given was so big that it had blown the roof off. Q. What has became of the trade in- | vestigators that were attached to the Department of Commerce?—H. P. A, The position formerly known as “trade investigator in the Department of Commerce” is now known as “com- mercial attache.” Q. Are materials other than horse- hair used for violin bows?—F. F. A. The Etude says that other ma- terials have been tried, but none has proved satisfactory or come into gen- eral use. Lives of Benefited Children Will Be Couzens’ Monument Enduring monuments . to Senator James Couzens of Michigan are fore- seen by the press in the lives that will be made successful through the $10,- 000,000 fund he has given to promote the welfare of children. Many ob- servers note with satisfaction that the Senator avoided creating a perpetual benefaction that might bear his name, and instead provided that the principal d interest shall be expended in a quarter of a century. “Ten million dollars for childhood happiness!” exclaims the Ann Arbor Daily News. “It's like a fairy story come true. And it makes a multimil- lionaire rise from his litter of stocks and bonds and stalk through the pages like & Prince Charming. It is a beau- tiful dream, woven with strands of pure gold. It will make Jim Couzens live forever in the hearts of his country- men.” “America could use a few more immi- grants like James Couzens!” declares the Houston Chronicle, while it says of his career: “Thirty years ago & clerk in the offices of a Detroit coal company, a young fellow trying to get along, born under the Union Jack, now a Senator of the United States. Up the steep ascent to affluence and recogni- tion James Couzens has climbed. A poor boy who made good. A hard-| fisted, hard-fighting business man, millionaire who lms_'no'. forgotten how “No one can estimate,” according to the Flint Daily Journal, “how many children will be given a decent start in the world through the medium of this fund. By the time the fund is ex- pended many of them will have grown to manhood and womanhood. Mr. Couzens has made many charitable con- tributions during the last decade, most of which have been for the benefit of children. His latest benefaction sur- passes everything else that he has done. It is not only a benefaction, but it is an investment, the returns from which will be a happier childhoo” and better men and women.’ ‘here is mo thought sounder than that improvement in the physical and of Camden, former Gov. E. C. Stoke: John R. Todd of Summit, Daniel Pomeroy, Republican national commit- teeman; Gov. Larson, Representative Bacharach and Franklin Fort, and Dwight W. Morrow, Ambassador to Mexico. - % | resentative Louis Ludlow of Indi-| ana, for many years correspondent for Ohio and Indiana newspapers in Wash- ington and elected to the present Con- gress on the Democratic ticket last Fall, voted for the farm relief bill in the | House and is proud of it, although he represents an Indianapolis district where few farmers grow. However, In- dianapolis is the capital of a great agri- cultural State, he points out. His com- ment on the farmer .and his hard life during the debate in the House shows that Mr. Ludlow is both a writer and quainted with two-shovel plows and stone bruises and husking pegs and boots hardened and creased by the weather until they resemble instru- ments of torture, and I know the sen- sation caused when chapped and bleed- ing hands contact with frozen ears of corn. I know how the farmer suffers by the rigors of Winter and the blights of Summer; I know how all of the per- versities of fate seem at times to con- spire to break his spirit: I know how reverses chill his ambition 2nd plev on | his heartstrings. All of my life T have | failures 2 mental health of the children of today is one way to promote general improve= ment_in the nation of tomorrow,” says the Charleston Evening Post, while the Fargo Forum thinks “the Senator is unquestionably inspired by the ever- increasing viewpoint of adults that they owe something to the future and that no greater service can be rendered to that future than to see that the boys and girls of today are equipped for the tasks of citizenship and the home. “We do not know of any single move- ment,” asserts the Nashville Banner, “that promises more benefit for the community than does the child-health work now in progress. * * * The whole plan of preventive medical care is splendid in conception, and Senator Couzens has, among other fine things, done much to accelerate that work. The Charleston Daily Mail, believing that “the child is either a national as- set or a national liability,” holds that “one of the notable features of modern civilization is the attention which is | being paid to the child.” “The fact that he stipulates that all this money, principal and interest, shall be exhausted in 25 years, shows that he has no thought of merely creating an indefinite advertising of his philan- thropy through the generations.” re- arks the New York Evening World. ‘He knows that this amount can be wisely spent within the period fixed. It means an expenditure of not less than $700,000 a ar. Marvelous improve- ments in the lot of children can be made with that amount. * * ¢ By helping them to health, opportunity and happiness he serves the next genera- tion. Nothing finer or as fine has been done in a long while.” Linking his plan with that of Jultus Rosenwald in recent benefactions, the Louisville Courier-Journal states that “here are two wise men who are not ensnared by the delusion of perpetuity: they want to do good while the doing is good.” The Adrian Telegram observes that “he embodies no pet plan in his bequest. binds his trustees to no set program,” and the South Bend Tribune concludes that “Senator Couzens' pur- pose and the safeguards which he has established against widespread misuse of the money unite to encourage conti- dence in the project.” “Mr. Couzens could not have found a happler use for so generous a benevo- lence.” in the judgment of the Jackson Citizen-Patriot. “To bring _greater health and more abundant life to many children is truly the height of kindli- ness. And, better yet, Michigan's senior Senator does not contemplate the formation of a new organization with numerous secretaries and workers, but mostly the aiding of responsible stitutions ™ already organized. * * This generous man desires to help all children and not to limit his benefi- cence to scattered individual cases. Es- tablishment of such a fund may prop- erly be called a noble act.” “A rare appreciation of the oppor- tunities of great wealth” is commended by the Springfield Illinois State Regis- ter, with the added comment: “His philanthropy will make it possible for many of the youthful generation to take a more Tepresentative place in society and realize the ideals of good citizenship to a degree otherwise unat- tainable. It stamps him as one of the real mobility in our citizenship.” The Bay City Daily Times thinks the Sena- tor “has done & great and a good thing in & broad and unselfish wa; Referring to the limited perfod for expenditures, the Grand Rapids Press says “On its last day, if the services it has made possible have proved them- |selves, he or others may determine to carry them on. If thev have proved no legal hand wi'l reach out to o and God in 8 posi- disadvantages, of econo lad to be today knows I e their wasteful eontinuance, They will stand or fall by their service to Ao_gm: within the next guarter cen- .