Evening Star Newspaper, March 23, 1929, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. BATURDAY......March 23, 1929 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company oy usiness Office: 1ith St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 3t icago Office: Lake Michigan Bullding ropean Office: 14 Regent St. London, in Rate by Carrier Wi y ithin the City. Sta; 43¢ £ er month Star 60c per month a 5¢ per month £ Sc per copy the end of each menth. it in by mail or telephone The Sunday St Coliection ma Orders may be Main 5000. Rate by Mall—Payable in Advance. fly and Sunda: ¥ oniy Sunday only All Other States and Canada. Dalls »nd Sunday..l yr.$1200: 1 mo., $1.00 Dailr only ;1 mo. Bunday oniy 00; 1 mo.. 80¢ 85 Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled o the use for republication of ail rews cis- R T not otherwise cred- t 0 the jocal news Bublished herein. All rights of publication of Epecial dispatches herein are also reserved. = Changing the Quotas. Against his better judgment as a stu- dent of immigration, but left with no alternative under the law, President Hoover has issued a proclamation put- ting into operation the national origins quotas of the immigration act on July 1. Unless the special session of Congress adopts the resolution which the last session of Congress failed to adopt, and repeals or suspends the national origins clause, the quotas for immigrants to th> | running in and out of this city. Fifteen cost terribly in human lives. Misunder- United States after July 1 next will be | scattered terminals, all on the public | stood orders, it would appear, caused based on a calculation of the numb"x‘ihighwa)s. have been established, and|the head-on collision of two trains. of citizens of the United States today |in every case the huge, unwieldy ve- |Iittle is known yet of the exact cir- tracing their origin to the nationalities | hicles are a menace to trafic and cumstances, but the result is indis- whose quotas are concerned. In other words, if the population of the United | States chows that seventeen per cent |streets on Pennsylvania avenue, forty ! track basis the public pays dearly. ty busses arrive and depart dur- quota would be seventeen per cent of | ing the course of the day, and inasmuch | vivors of the wreck of their inability owes its origin to Germany, the Germa: | one hundred and fifty thousand, the total number of immigrants to be ad- mitted to the United States in a year. ‘The effect of this Jaw will be to re- duce the number of immigrants to thz United States by about fourteen thou- sand, and to change the distribution of immigrants. But the cause for debate over the national origins does not lie in the amount of reduction. The debatable issue is whether the manner of deter- mining the national origins of Americans can be worked out on a practical and scientific basis. Of course, it would be ridiculous to believe that the pedigree of every American citizen can be traced and an effort made to determine what percentage of him is British and French. and German. The plan is to take the record of immigration into the United States from the various countries and to determine from that, with the known factors of increase, what percentage of the present population of the United States owes its origin to each of ‘the European nations from which immigra- tion is allowed. “This method of calculation has been eriticized extensively. President Hoover is among those who belleve that it is not desirable or practical, but that it js vague and complicated. Theoretically sound, in practice it is likely to cause endless controversy and to become cum- bersome. Under the present system, which has ‘also become the storm center for con- troversy, the immigration quotas are fized at two per cent of the number of foreign born in the United States under the census of 1890, with a minimum of one hundred for each nationality not otherwise excluded. This method was decided upon as a temporary expedient. but the national origins quota, adopted by Congress as the substitute, has never . become effective. Congress has twice postponed making it effective and in the last session the House attempted again to postpone 1§, but the Senate failed to act on the resolution. President Hoover believes in restricted and selective immigration. But he has expressed himself several times as op- posing the method for determining quotas. There is little doubt that he will ask the extra session of Congress mnext month again to postpone putting into effect the national origins clause, and the odds favor congressional ac- quiescerce. These delays, however, serve only to postpone and in no man- ner do they solve the problem of im- partial and equitable immigration re- striction. The President will no doubt urge Congress to take actlon toward final disposition of the important ques- tion, with another delay to give time to its further consideration. ———— In the political drama, Trotsky is forced to realise that the usual course ©of events holds. The. press agent, how- ever able, never takes the place of the star, i . Various sections of Mexico appear eonfident of an ability to produce revo- lutions of all sizes, —————— Mr. Hoover and the Mayflower. Apparently it is a case of counting that day lost whose low descending sun views from Herbert Hoover's hand “no worthy action done.” The latest innova- tion to be announced from the White House, whence so many striking evi- dences of the new regime have emanat- ed since its beginning lese than three weeks ago, is that the presidential yacht Mayflower is to be laid up. Mr. Hoover finds that the annuai cost of its upkeep is $300,000, and that it re- quires a personnel of nine officers of the Navy and one hundred and forty-eight enlisted men. He feels that he cannot justity, for the sake of his private pleasure and comfort, either so elaborate an expenditure or the employment of so many naval units. The President points out that the manpower of the United States Navy will shortly need to be heavily augmented because of the nd-| dition of fifteen new cruisers. It is aboard them, rather than aboard the Mayflower, in Mr. Hoover’s opinion, that- they should be doing duty. The country will appreciate the un- selfish motives which inspire the Presi- dent’s decision, but it is by no means ecertain that the decision wili be univer- sally approved. The Chief Executive's use of the U. 8. 8. Mayflower, or any other vessel of the Navy, is pursuant to, and by virtue of’ his authority as Com- raised in Congress in protest against the so-called joy-riding in which the members of the presidential household indulge aboard the White House yacht. These lamentations are usually sent up for political or partisan purposes and |find no echo among the people. The | President of the United States s a Iworklnz man, and an overworked one. There is nobody in the whole country | more entitied to relaxation and recrea- | tion than he is, and no one who needs | them more. Herbert Hoover happens to | be temperamentally more addicted to | labor than to pleasure. As far as any- body knows. fishing is his single pastime. Many of our Presidents in cotempo- irary times have derived both joy and physical benefit from cruises on the | Mayflower. Its abandonment as the | floating plavground of the White House will awaken mixed emotions. especiaily e |among those who are aware of Presi- | dent Hoover's invincible inclination to | waste as little time as possible away | from his desk. ——— The Bus Terminal. 1t is & matter of extreme gratification to the people of the National Capital |that the question of a union bus | terminal, dropped for no apparent rea- |son more than two yvears ago. is to be | taken up again and pushed to execu- tion. Washington has reached the end |of its patience regarding the usurping {of pubiic street space by privately !owned commercial organizations and will follow with interest the joint en- ' deavors of the Public Utilities Commis- |slon and the Traffic Bureau to compel | the companies to operate from a ter- {minal situated on private property. | Twenty-five interstate bus lines are now In one block, and Fifteenth breeders of congestion. between Fourteenth to s as this particuiar square is one of the busiest in the downtown section the sit- uation has become acute. Not only should the bus interests con- | struct their own terminals, but they :shattered by the collision and set afire | should be located out of the congested by a stove that furnished heat. Iduulct. ‘Washington has tolerated the | almost incredible that raflroad service delays, inconvenience and menacing as- pects of these vehicles in heavy tra fic long enough, and it is now up to the companies to relieve the city of & con- dition that is daily arousing more re- sentment. In the early days, when only | one or more lines operating small-ca- | pacity busses sought and received per- mission to use the heart of the con- | gested section for terminals, practically | no confusion was created. But with the | teeming traffic of today, and with the| number of lines multiplied many times | and the busses of enormous capacity, the situation is entirely different. There is not a single logical extenu- ating circumstance for the use of the public highways for the parking of the modern bus. It would be the same as if the various railroad companies were al- lowed to run their trains into the con- gested section, or if the huge electric interstate cars were permitted to re- main standing on the street. In the lat- ter case it will be noted that long ago the Baltimore & Annapolis cars were provided with a terminal. Taxicabs are the only public vehicles which can be allowed any leeway in parking on pub- le thoroughfares, and it is only be- cause they are light and fit easily into THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, THIS AND THAT leaders was held, Surrogate Foley, who could have the leadership by simply nodding his head if he wanted it, but who does not want it, called representa- tives of the warring groups together at | his home ard tried to persuade them to unite. They refused and the refusal was carried Into the meeting and only | compromised through the appointment Iof a committee, the report of which may or may not be in resolution of their differences, An actual break-up of Tammany Hall on the score of the leadership s not to be regarded as at all likely. There have | been rows within the organization be- | fore, but not quite so grave a one as | this for many years, indeed since the | break-up of the Tweed ring more than |half a century ago. The Democratic i leaders in New York City are, however, I’u!rlld that this contest over the lead- fership, with its sinister aspect of | charges of alliance with the gambling and the bootlegging interests, will seri- ously affect the mayoralty campaign this vear. Mayor Walker, who wants another term, wants harmony. Former {Gov. Smith, whose political ambitions are said to be not fully satisfled, also wants harmony. These two, with Sena- tor Wagner and Surrogate Foley, have now been called in as consulting phy | sicians to consider the case of the sick | tiger. | | i o Archaic Railroading. | A frightful railroad disaster that has ! | just occurred in Ontario which cost the | [lives of a score of people is of the type | that was not uncommon in this country | some years ago. The railroad was single-tracked and the cars were wood- | en. The combination has in the past | putable evidence of blundering. When railroad operatives blunder on a one- | Heart-rending stories are told by sur- |to do anything to rescue their less for- | | tunate fellows who were trapped in a | |burning car and killed by the flames. This car, a flimsy wooden one, was 1 | 1t is | should still be maintained on this con- tinent on such a basis. The area where this disaster occurred is remote and rather sparsely settled, but the railway system is in the main a modern one,| and it is shocking to learn that it con- tinues the use of such death traps as | | stove-heated wooden cars, especially on | stretch of single-track road. et It is urged that “propaganda” is a valuable influence. It at least pro- motes a popular curiosity as to what the shouting is about. ——smone In the course of time an airport will be regarded as a town equipment no less essential than a railway station or a freight yard. The motto of New York Democracy | continues to be, “I Love My Country— But, Oh, You Tammany Hall!” ————roe ‘The previous picturesqueness of Lind- bergh is subordinated. Even an aviator is less interesting than a bridegroom. —— et Politics having proved a rather small adventure, Mr. Raskob is ready to get back into big business, = the traffic stream, once in operation, that this leniency is shown. Trafic in Washington is becoming more congested daily. At the rush hours, morning and evening, the situa- tion is serious. There is no room in the downtown section for huge busses parked at the curb. All the street space must be made available if any. sem- blance of frictionless travel is to be maintained. Interstate bus transporta- tion should be on the same basis as interstate train and electric car trans- portation. served for the use of residents and pub- lic carriers which are constantly in mo- tion and which serve the Washingto- nian in his ever-growing problem of getting to and from his business. oo No Relation to Reciprocity. Nothing in Montgomery County’s pro- posed drive to compel bona fide residents of Maryland to buy State tags can be construed as having any effect on the reciprocal motor relations between the District and Maryland. It is simply an enforcement of a Maryland law for Maryland's motorists. The same thing has occurred from time to time in Vir- ginia, where motorists of that State have been found using the less expen- sive District of Columbia license rather than the Virginia tag. Fach State has its own laws to enforce and the Wash- ington motorist s no concern in the matter. Scientific management has not yet succeeded in striking an average between drought and inundation. The subject of inland waterways is still one demand- ing intelligent and conscientious con- sideration. — o The Sick Tiger. Yesterday the executive committee of Tammany Hall met to select a new leader to succeed Judge Olvany, but after a_session of more than an hour, which only developed a hopeless dead- lock in the choice, it adjourned with the adoption of a resolution naming a committee of seven, four men and three women—for women are now co-leaders of Tammany districts—to confer with former Gov. Smith, Mayor Walker, Benator Robert F. Wagner and Sur- rogate James A. Foley on the subject of the selection. No date was set for the conference, nor for a report from the committee. Meanwhile Judge Olvany is to hold on as leader pending { the election of his successor. Ever since the surprising announce- ment of Olvany's retirement there have been evidences of bitter rivalries among the district leaders, several of whom have aspired to the succession. At yes- terday's meeting, it is now stated, there was a furious exchange of charges, one faction alleging that a certain candi- date was backed by the gambiing in- terests of the city, only to be met by a countercharge that another candi- date had the support of the bootleggars. This development of faction in the ‘The streets should be re-|. SHOOTING STARS. _ BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Horse and Buggy. ©Old hoss an' buggy, Travelin’ alongl Cupid did the drivin’ While he sang a little song No talk of goin’ Into skies sublime. Records we were showin' In the way of trottin’ time, Alrplane is waitin’. Lovers, get aboardl No hesitatin’, ‘Who can afford Time, now so precious, ‘Though sentiment is strong, For an old hoss an’ buggy, Travelin' along! In Agreement. “Do your constituents agree with you?” “Always,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Or, to be precise, I find out what they are thinking and agree with them.” £ Jud Tunkins says if he: believed all he heard, he'd wear earmuffs the year ‘round. ueling. Old dueling has passed away, No man attacks a brother. Contenders are content, today, To echo, “You're Another!” Matter of Habit. ““Why don’t you take up aviation?" “I am content with the old fiivver,” sald Mr. Chuggins. “As a matter of habit I take my risks horizontally in- stead of vertically. | “We are proud of our ancestors,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “Cir- cumstances do not permit us to inquire whether our’ ancestors feel reason to be proud of us.” “Proper Gander.” To speak of “propaganda ‘The critics do not ceas They say the proper gander is ‘The one who leads the geese, “When you goes to church on Easter,” said Uncle Eben, “which is you think- in’ most about, de sermon or de new | clothes?” e iy Most People Try to Pay. | Prom the tndianapolis News. ‘Those European countries think that they eould get along all right if it weren't for their debts. There are lots of people like tha R Acid Poker Face Test. From the Richmond News Leader. The final test of courtesy is to look interested while somebody tells about his trip to Europe. e ot e Send This to Al Capone. From the Hamilton, Ontario, Spectator. Chicago police are now receiving re- ports of crime by radio. The next mander-in-chief of the land and sea forces of the Republic. -Now.and.then.a famboyant vaice is 108, before the mgeting of the district sters, ranks has greatly alarmed the veterans of the organization. Yesterday morn- development, we suppose, will be the erection of a static factory by tae gang- BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ‘When it comes to motion pictures, we have the most primitive tastes. ‘While appreciating the great master- pieces of the screen, we like best an old-time slapstick comedy, with plenty of custard pie in it. Our favorite type of film is the old-| fashioned ‘“chase™ picture. The reader will now see to. what abysmal artistic depths we have sunk; such, however, is our state, and we ad- mit it unblushingly. Who is there who likes the movies who hasn't a sneaking fondness for the films upon which his childhood | was nurtured? Magnificent pictures, built up at a | cost of hundreds of thousands of dol- lars, and_employing the latest artifices of the sciences, have their place in the | theater. Every one knows what a big place it | too, not only in the theater and is, upon the screen, but in the hearts and minds of the American public. Why. every one knows persons whose very thought is ‘“movie-ized.” Their reactions to events, especially certain types, are based solidly on what they | have seen In the mo 3 * ok % x Yet it must be admitted that the old small-time reels, which we saw long #go, Maggie, in the little nickelodeon back on Main strect, were replete with interest, excitement and even some s true ‘that hearts ‘were voung then, and the great directors had not come along to enlarge our standards. ‘That little old motion picture hall on Main street—it really was Main street—- looked as good to us then as any of our motion picture palaces of today. We can recall the first time we ever saw Mary Pickford. How many can? It was a one-reel picture called “Iola.” and Mary took the part of the beauti- ful young Indian gal. No doubt she had already made hev name famous, but somehcw we had missed it, so the name meant nothing to us when we saw it on the signs in the very small lobby. ‘The story is gone from us, but those big eyes still remain in memory. It was & good job of acting, too, so good, in fact, that after the show we began to take an interest in Mary Pickford. What struck us at the time was the way Miss Pickford “registered” emo- tions with simply a movement of the hand or a slight lowering of the eye: Such things are motion picture tory, of course, but at that time thcre was no history, and one “went to the movies” without thought of seeing flim history in the making. IL was being made just the same. ik d W A good “chase” picture, however. was the cream in the coffee of the movie fans of that generation. Sometimes one may well feel sorry for the youngsters of nowadays, who may see modified chase pictures, such as are sometimes made with automo- biles, especially of the “trick” variety, but who surely never get the oppor- tunity of seeing a genuine, sure enough, old-fashioned pell-mell chase such as gladdened the minds, hearts and eyes of the older generation. It was a great stunt, there was no got tired of seeing it. mental in every one. Maybe it was a cowboy picture, with the whole ranch and then the entire countryside going after the scoundrels who had kidnaped fair Lily. Perhaps it was nothing more than the pursuit of some comedian who got into some difficulty or other. film studios of those days spent much of their time thinking up new reasons for flights and pursuits. How everybody joined in! the fat fellow, careening along with in the spirit. outside great, made the always “hit” with D. C, SATURDAY, MARCH E doubt about it—so good, indeed, that, | like most good things, it was very much |D. B. Wyndham Lewis in his “Francois | overdone, with the result that people | Villon." The thesisof Theophile Gautier | A good chase appealed to the ele- | 23, 1929 THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover The general reputation of Francols Villon as a scamp is made specific by that Villon was the original from whom Rabelais drew Panurge can be accepted at least imaginatively after reading Mr. Lewis' biography. Brought up by a saintly relative, Master Guillaume de villon, the child Francois had every op- portunity to be respectable and law- The busy | The entire cast went pounding after | audience | him Up and | down the sides of houses. into chime | o neys, out of {hem, away they all went. |early methods of obtaining food with- Going up and down' houses on the |out work are described by Mr. Lewis a particularly | who has taken his account from Viilon' ; undersigned. |own piquant Somehow this defiance of all law and | lessons ate given. order, especially the well known law |the method of obtaining, free and fo abiding. After entering the Universit of Paris he continued to live with | have been'born in him. A skeleton key lenabled him to come and go at night | when the usually watchful Master Guil- laume was asleep. His villainics led veral times to the foot of the from which he escaped onl: His through undeserved good fortune. verse, in which seven Lesson I shows forth of gravity, appealed to something in [nothing, fish, tripe, bread, wine and our disposition. | roast meat.” There is a special tech- | The well covered radicalism of a |Dique for each article. “Master Fran. | peaceful nature succumbed to the sight | €018, parting from his band, proceeds to | of mere man scaling grent walls and | the fish market near the Petit-Pqnt, | tumbling up and down cornices as if | ®here he selects a panier full of the | they were only so many stairsteps. The final piling up of the mass was satisfying. One may doubt if any strictly modern movie “situation,” no matter how well handled, is as truly satisfying as the old-time catching of the quarry at the inevitable end of a chase picture. | * %k ok %k | As for the slapstick comedy, | plen t one Many pretend to like other types of | films best. Some queer persons say they get real enjoyment out of “weepy” | where he finds. as expected, a confessor | in the cloister receiving penitents. Step- ping sofily aside and telling the fish por- ter to wait a moment, Master Francois | approaches the confessor, who is at the | best, saying that the bearer will be paid on delivery. He accompanies the fish porter with his burden over the bridges {and across the Parvis to Notre Dame { moment discngaged, and pulling a plous k. with ! face explains that he has with great of slapstick, we submit that no | difficulty brought his nephew with him. lly ever gets too much of it. a moody, negligent youth, too fond of money, whom he desires the father to confess and shrive forthwith. ‘Certain- ' answers the confessor, and Master | movies, and maybe they do, we wouldn't | Francols, stepping out, seizes the panier v they didn't. but somehow such films rike us as funn, i army submits fts verdict, and |"Death” begins to grow larger and larg- [er on the slip of paper, and to come forward toward the audience, our reac- tion is one of mirth, a desire to throw |our hat into the air and say “Haw! | Haw!” Then we look around and see all the ladies weeping and realize that of fish from the porter, at the same time telling h'm there is one inside who will When the court-martial of the French Auffllc with him. The simple porter en- | the s, and Master Francois eveporates |into thin air with his fish.” * Kk ok Xk “The way of getting bread” Mr Lewls comments, *is as easy as selling a rubber plantation situated in Ice- land to A smart financier of Capel | Court. Master Francols, representing | when it comes to movies we have most | himself to be the grave major-domo primitive tastes, indeed. FE WA Yes, our biggest kick comes when the comedian falls backward into can. If he just falls in, | immensely, but if he sticks and can't ‘get out..we falrly writhe with laughter. | *All the stale old jokes go over |too. A nice juley pie dashing i nto a face scems screamingly funny. When | little Billie, or whatever his name is, turns the hose on the bij | no doubt, by & fripier in touch with the great, | and return for the remainder. | of a family, made up for the purpose, i band, goes to the baker and orders five | jor six dogzen rolls. When half the an ash | number have been placed in the basket we enjoy It | he stops the baker abruptly, saying that | the bread is required at once and that the porter must deliver what he has porter sets off with his basket, accom- panied by Master Francols, and they come presently to the gate of a great g fat cop, the | house, where Master Francois orders i wise and kind relative in the cloister of | St. Benoit, but blackguardism seems to | ‘The | BY FREDERI Did you ever write a letter to Fred- eric J. Haskin? You can ask him any question of fact and get the answer in 2 personal letter. Here is a great edu- cational idea introduced into the lives world—American newspaper readers. It Is a part of that best purpose of a newspaper—service. There is no charge except 2 cents in coin or stamps for re- turn postage. Address Frederic J. Has- kin. director, The Evening Star In- formation Bureau, Washington, D. C. Q. What country was first connected with the United States by transatiantic telephone?—8. F. A. Great Britain was the first coun- | try across the Atlantic to_establish tele- | phone communication. Installation in Cuba, a short distance away. preceded the overseas connection. Most of the | European countries now are reached by | telephone. Q. Did President Grant ever vote the Democratic ticket?—M. G. G. A. In 1856 he cast his vote for James Buchanan, giving as his reason his be- ief that civil strife and probable seces- |sfon would follow the election of the | Republican candidate. Q. Is there a scientific name for the est bullding of birds, insects, etc.?— R.R. A. This name is “nidification.” | | Q. How long has Jane Cowl been on the stage? Is she married?—G. A. G. A. She made her first appearance on the stage in 1903 in “Sweet Kitty Bel- iairs.” She is married to Adolph Klau- r. Q. When was Herbert Putnam made ’Ilbrarh\n of the le*;y of Congress? —T.N. | A He was appointed in 1899, | @ wnat is the extent of the forest |area of North America?-—S. H. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS of the most intelligent people in the | C J. HASKIN. “GDA" (Charles Pield Haviland), | Limoges, France: also Robert Haviland, | Limoges, France. The china stamped “Haviland, France.” is the one which has, since 1837, enjoyed the reputation of Haviland china. Q. What funds does the Bureau of Education administer?—J. B. The Bureau of Education has no | administrative functions except those | connected with the expenditure of funds appropriated by Congress for the main- tenance of collegs of agriculture and mechanic arts (land grant colleges) in | the States and in Hawaii and Porto Rico, and those concerned with the ed- ucation, support and medical rellef of | the natives of Alaska. Q. Please give the dates when the various amendments to the Constitution were ratified.—C. F. | A. The first 10 amendments were | submitted to the States along with 2 others which were not ratified, and the | last ratification by a State took place on December 15, 1791. The eleventh | amendment was declared to be ratified on January 8. 1798; twelfth, September | 25, 1804: thirteenth, December 18, 1865: fourteenth, July 28, 1868: fifteenth, | March 30, 1870: sixteenth, February | 25. 1913; seventeenth, May 31, 1913 cighteenth, January 29, 1919; nine- | teenth, August 26, 1920, Q. How has Cuyahoga Rive: 3 A. The City of Cleveland has spent many years and much money in de- veloping and improving the Cuvahoga River on which the city is situated, The first breakwater was built in 1875 sep- arating the outer harbor from the inner harbor, which now extends 5 miles. | The river has been dredged and retain- | ing walls built along its bank. It has been widened, the mouth has been straightened and many piers have been built and several large bridges. The leveland developed the ~-W. D. |"'A. The total area s 1443957000 dredging still costs from $50,000 to acres. Of this amount 550,000,000 acres $75000 annually {are in the United States. | Q When was the Washington Monu- MS\' When did sche live?—J. C | ment dedicated?—D. E. 8 .. | A. Priedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844~ It was dedicated Pebruary 211,404, wes of aristocratic Polish extrac- | 1885, and opened to the public Octo- R et i o Satter nea | ber 9, 1838, The elder Nietzsche was a Q. How many persons belong ‘o the ciergyman Friedrich had a brilliant International Society of Ch: deavor?—A. 8. W. | "A. There are 4.000.000 members of this society, which was formed Q. How many meakes of ¢ the name of “Haviland"? first?>—C. W. T. A. There are flve makes of chinz using the name “Haviland” in their stamps: Haviland & Co., Limoges, France; ‘Theodore Haviland & Co. Limoges, France. Johann Havilan | Waldershof, Bavaria, Germany, and career at Bonn and Leipzig. When 24 years of age, he was appointed profes- r of Greek at Bale. Il health caused his resignation in 1879. Ten years later became insane. His death occurred his mother's home in Naumberg. Q. What is the meaning of the name Montmartre”?—L. McB. A. The name ontmartre” is de- rived from the Latin “Mons Martis." mountain of Mars. In Roman Paris, this hill was crowned by the temple of Mars and Mercury, hence the name, sltuation pleases for reasons known and | the man to set down his load and unknwn. To see one of the kid come- | hurry back for the rest. It is mot |dians jump on a phonograph turnta- | necessary to conclude this obvious ble and go riding around strikes us as | repue. . . . The method of getting immense. 3 y | free wine hag for a background the | We have a private suspicion that|famous tavern of the Pomme de Pin, thousands of persons share our feelings | whose landlord, Robin Turgis, is a con- |in this matter. but haven't yvet got up | stant butt of Villon's, and a large | their cournge to say so. We comedy lov- | creditor also. Villon takes two large jers should stand together. Bigger and | brocs or pitchers, fills one of them with | better laughs are what we crave. I fair water and proceeds to the Pomme | 'Hoover Ban Against Oil Leases Greeted by Cliorus of Approva A chorus of approval greeting Presi- dent Hoover's oil conservation policy and his ban against further leasing of Gov- ernment reserves is accompanied by some suggestions that the President has gone too far and that modifications will be necessary to insure proper develop- ment of unproved fields. “The President has taken an im- gorunt step early in his term and the revity and clarity of his statement leave nothing in doubt,” says the Spril 1d, Ill, State Journal, while the Chattanooga News views his stand as one that “has an air of determina- tion about it which will strike the peo- ple” And the Santa Barbara Daily News, feeling sure of “general approval,” adds that “it will bring no joy to a group of individuals engaged in big business who have grown rich through the exploitation of the public's re- sources.” “The American people will whole- heartedly approve the change,” declares the Huntington Advertiser Evening News avers that it “conforms to the national demand” and the Spring field Union holds that the President is “fulfilling popular expectations of his administration.” The Texarkana Ga- zette remarks, keeps up the pace he has set there are strong probabilities that his adminis- tration will go down in_history as one }o‘mg most efiicient the Nation has ever * ok X * “The safest place in which to keep the Government’s stores of crude ofl,” asserts the St. Louis Times, “is where they are. They can always be tapped if the exploiters of Federal leases are kept out. It seems that the President very earnestly purposes to see that this is done.” The Duluth Herald advises that “the Government’s oll supplies will keep” and the Scranton Times feels that “it is not unlikely that a move- ment will be launched to void a number of leases on the ground that a continu- ance of operation would seriously deplete the Government's reserve supply.” “Until a more pressing need for this supply is evident, it surely is the part of wisdom to keep it under ground,” says the Indianapolis News, and the Newark Evening News thinks that “the Government ought to be just as crafty as foreign countries which are conserv- ing their resources while American pro- ducers are recklessly exhausting their oil resources.” The Detroit News ob- serves that ‘Presicent Hoover, by re- iterating that our Government oil re- sources are to be protected, has empha- sized the original purpose of the reservations.” “Why our Government should ever have been willing to waste its oil” is a mystery to the Youngstown Vindicator. The policy adopted appears to the New Castle News to be “of the utmost im- portance in its possible effects on sta- bilization of the industry.” The San Francisco Chronicle emphasizes “the big problem of checking the development on privately owned lands,” although the Baltimore Sun maintains that “the Government cannot control private en- terprise in development of ol fields.” EEE n opposition to the policy, the Great Falls Tribune contends: “Montana is not producing enough oil to balance its consumption at the present time. It is too much to hope that the big com- panies will endeavor to extend the present boundaries of proved area. Such activity will come only from the happy-go-lucky, chance-taking wild- catter. Yet the Hoover ofl policy is aimed to put this fellow out of busi- ness: not solely by curtailing his lpases, but by setting up standards of financial ability which many a successful wild- catter would have been unable to meet in the earlier stages of his career. The Presia: nt, we believe, should be able to work cut a plan that will protect the Government against grafters. and at the same time make substantial gains in oil conservation, without throwing a | cold, vet blanket over a growing in- dustry which is playing an important part in this State’s economic develop- ment.” o Similar argument comes from ths Lewiston Democrat-News: “Much of the oil which is now being produced in ‘Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico and Colorado is being taken from Govern- ment lands. Had the Hoover ordet been in effect, very little of this de- velopment which has contributed mate- rally to the' upbuilding and prosperity ‘‘‘‘ de Pin, where he orders at great length a jug of white wine. The impatient drawer, to put an end to Master Francols' flow of bons propos, fills one of the pitchers with Baigneux; which | done, Master Francois inquires leisurely | ‘What_wine is that?’ ‘Baigneux,’ re- plies the drawer. Master Francois im- mediately waves it aside. ‘Take it away! Take it away! I won't have it. Are you a jolthead? Empty my pitcher at once, I say! I want a good Beaune, !and nothing else’ As he speaks, and | subtly, Master Francols hands back the "\rb these States would have been pos- sible.” The El1 Paso Herald fails to see “an good reason why permits should not be BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. “The water within the river channel Mississippi Valley D Wh does no damage and flows to the Guif | again is becoming serious. What have n?e engineers accomplished toward flood | with the most efficiency because of its control in all the years since they began | high velocities. It should be kept the attempt? This is an inquiry—not a | within the channel as long as possible. faultfinding. | The excess above the safe carrying capacity must be spilled through safety lves.” That means that regularly built openings must be provided as subst tutes for bursting crevasses and the e | cess water permitted to flow over the adjoining low land—mostly swamp and | cut-over forest, Says the engineer's report: “The existing project provides for protecting the good lands bordering the Mississippi River against the maximum EE For more than 200 years the white va man has been struggling to harness the ther of Waters. The first flood of the white man's record occurred in 1718, and men began protective efforts by building a 3-foot levee at New Or- leans. By 1728 levees extended along both sides of the river from Red River Landing to 65 miles below New Orleans. | In the century from 1728 to 1827 there were 13 important floods and levees ; the Buffalo | “If President Hoover | issued to drill on Government land not ments in such localities a - e ppear to war- * ok ok % taln amount of suspicion. * o far as the Government's own ofl lands are concerned, discerning citizens will approve of Secretary Wilbur's hanging war_}l;ll." “The consumer has a right,” accord- ing to the Philadelphia geemng Bffii tin, “to be hosti'e to any concert of action which shall result in price- squeezing through limiting production to & quantity below the requirements of normal demand.” The Boston Tran- script suggests: “The President ap- pears to have started in the right di- rection; whether he has gone too far time will demonstrate,” and that paper takes into account the Ppossibility that congressional action may be required to n‘ml‘h?j Xhi nlll;]raimg law. This point made also tl Ve w%r'l’d. y the New York Evening e banishing of conditions w surrounded the ofl scandals is discu};uszg by the Little Rock Arkansas Democrat, with the statement: “We suppose the now covered by permits if oil develop- | to them if he cannot get what they are | | ) pitcher containing the water, and thus gets away without the least trouble with a free pitcher of Baigneux.” With fish, bread and wine provided, only a good roast remains to be found. “The method of getting a roast for nothing The Sioix City Tribune remarks: “If | is also simplicity itself, once rehearsed. the Government’s ofl conservation is to | Master Francols, stopping haphazard by have either direct or indirect connec-|® cookshop, tlon with an arbitrary policy of re- | Diece of roast meat. stricted production in private fields, it | RPPeArs a surly st will justify close watching and a cer- | the rotisseur, ‘What So | begins cheapening a fine To him presently ranger, demanding of is’ this haggling swab playing at?’ A loud quarrel breaks out immediately. The stranger aims a blow at Master Francols and takes to his heels, and Master Francols, snapping yp the meat unperceived amid the hlllh\b‘loo, utters an indignant roar and runs after him at top speed. Round the first convenient corner the chase comes to an end, and Master France and his aggressor slink off together. With these youthful beginnings, it is n wonder that Villon was saved from the gibbet of Montfaucon a little later only by a hasty escnpe‘ n;nm‘ Paris. * The joy of life in a garden an trouble of fighting various tropical pests share the narrative of Sheila ltdonnlg. in her book, “My African Garden. This is not a book of gardening informa- tion. but a story of English famlily life in present-day Africa. The character: are the Author, the Breadwinner, the | Twins and Martie, the ’ovzmeu, in ad- dition to & number o servants. Hailstorms and duststorms menace the garden, but there are also were washed open, From 1828 to 1927 there were 24 gaged floods, nearly all causing crevasses in the protecting levees, a crevasse at Vicksburg in 1850 flowing for six months before it was el In the early days farmers of the South, along the banks of the river, would raise levees about their individ- unal plantations or about their buildings. Later, neighbors began joining their en- circling levees into a more compre- hensive system. Even today there re- main some farmers who perch their residences and live stock upon high land surrounded by a levee in some cases and sit there patiently waiting for the flood to subside. EEE Still the most modern levees prove inadequate, According to the United tates Weather Buresu, in the flood of | 1874, there were 6 crevasses below New | Orleans and 14 above. They included the famous Bonnet Carre crevasse, 1,370 feet long and 52.7 feet deep. Later d the | floods have developed crevasses ranging | 5 miles. | from half a mile wide to nearly two | miles in width. In the 1827 flood many | disastrous crevasses washed away miles | of levees. When will levees be able | to hold back such a mighty flood as hat whose source comes from a water- hed covering half the continent and | stretching from the Alleghenies to the neighbors and | Rockies, and from Lake Itasca to the | | Gulf? R * | flood predicted as possible. This (maxi- | mum) flood was predicted by the best experts on the subject. who sald that | it might occur on the averags only once in 200 years. It is a flood which, if confined, is computed to produce a stage of from 63 to 66 feet at Cairo (corre- sponding to a discharge of from 2.250.; 000 to 2,450.000 second feet); a stage, if confined, of 74 feet at Arkansas City (corresponding to an outflow of 850.000 second feet), and a flood with a discharge at the mouth of the Red River of about 3,000,000 second feet. “Above Cairo, the project is to be confined between the riverside levees, | since it can be thus confined with le | not of excessive height—about 20 feet.” | * Kk ok R | “This plan to let the river south of Cairo spread out when there is a super- flood contemplates protecting levees at the outer edge of the wide basin. Says the report: “The floodway from Cairo to New Madrid will have a minimum width of The width between the pro- tecting levees on the Boeuf Basin will be from 10 to 25 miles wide, and in the Atchafalaya Basin will be from 12 to 25 miles wide.” 1 | | | | * ok ok % There are enthusiastic advocates of varlous special projects to abolish ficod troubles. Among these are the special | champlons of forestation, who attribute | most of our flood troubles to the cutting President’s statement is intended to me: that there will be complete conservnuz.:: of Government ofl during his adminis- major adventures and a romance. * kX ¥ When & levee breaks and the flood off of the primeval forests; yet history pours out through a crevasse, it rushes shows that there were great floods be- in & wave sometimes 10 to 15 feet fore the white man arrived. Forestry is | tration. Well, why not, for the ni of the thing if nothing else? Il;v;ll':z United States had not had an oleagi- gu\é.: Government, what kind has it ad? around Washington until it is high that the ‘gusher’ be capped.” S st Gulf Stream’s Wa;lh May Generate Power BY E. E. FREE, PH. D, After careful studies of the heat and | cold of the Gulf Stream between Cuba | and Florida, that site has been sclected | for the first large-scale trial of the proc- | ess invented by the distinguished Prench | engineer, M. Georges Claude, for obtain- | ing electric power from the water of the sea. This process depefids, M. Claude an- nounced several years ago, on the con- trast in temperature between the cold water close to the sea bottom and the warm water of the surface. The sur- face warm water will be evaporated in special vacuum boilers and condensed in other apparatus cooled by cold water from the sea bottom. The . evaporation and condensation produce the power. At a recent meet- ing of the Academy of Sciences in Paris, one of M. Claude’s assistants,. M. P. Idrac, presented temperature data from various depths and positions in the Plorida strait. Close to the surface, M. Idrac finds, the water is always 70 degrees to 80 de. grees Fahrenheit. This is the warm renewed as that great oceanic river flows outward into the Atlantic. At tbe bottom, on the other hand, M. Idrac finds a temperature of about 40 degrees Fahrenheit, less than 10 de- grees above the freezing point. ‘This situation is satisfactory for M. Claude’s process. which requires a con- tinual supply both of warm water and, of cold. M. Claude is now in America, and it is announced that construction of a trial plant will soon begin. e They Ride on Smoked Clouds. From the Bellingham Herald. Chicago “choppers” now carry their | machine guns in violin cases. It would be more appropriate for them to carry ‘n harp for their prospective victims. | SR | Here's Trotsky Aga | Rrom the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Turkish physiclans advise Trotsky | that the climate there is bad for his | health and & medical verdict to the same effect is being prepared in other | countries to which he may move of. Oil has run through, across and | will operate & kind of steam engine to ! water of the Gulf Stream, continually | | | | cently been reprinted. ‘The Empress Eugenie, tragic survivor of the dramatic Second Empire, is again the subject of a biography—*"The Tragic Empress,” by Maurice Paleologue, trans- lated by Hamish Miles. The author, member of the -French Academy and French Ambassador to Russia during the World War, was the friend and con- fidant of the ex-empress during the long period of her life following the collapse of her husband's empire. On her visits to Paris, Eugenie used to oc- cupy apartments overlooking the Tuile- ries Gardens and the site of the palace which -had once been her home. was during these visits that the conver- sations took place between her and the diplomat Paleologue, which form the | basis of this biography. * K K X “Persian Pictures,” by Gertrude Bell, was first published in 1894 and has re It is a collec- tion of essay sketches, all showing plainly the fascination exercised upon the English woman by the romance of Persia. She is peculiarly susceptible to the contrast between the aridity and the | beauty of the East. “Yet in this des- olation lurks the mocking beauty of the East. A little water and the desert breaks into flower, bowers of cool shade spring up in the midst of dust and glare, radiant stretches of soft color flfl\m in that gray expanse. Your heart leaps as you pass through the gateway in the round wall: so sharp is the con- trast that you may stand with one foot in an arid wilderness and the other in a shadowy, flowery paradise.” * kK K Are we immortal? Dr. Sydney Strong. for 40 years a well known figure in the Congregational Church, both in Amer- ica and in the foreign field, believes we are, and has brought together within the covers of “We Believe in Immortal- ity” the ideas of 100 leaders in Ameri- can life on this subject. The contrib- utors include ministers, poets, scientists, statesmen, journalists, Jews, Gentiles, black men ‘and white, Catholics and Protestants. Among them are S. Parkes Cadman, Senator Capper, Margaret De- Iand, Countee Cullen, Edward A. Filene, | W. E. B. Du Bols, John Haynes Holmes, David Starr Jordan, Hellen Keller, Rob- ert A. Millikan, Rabbl Wise and Vachel | Lindsay. * Kk x % Feeling ran so high in the 60s that no report of Lincoln's assassination could be accepted as authentic. Was John Wilkes Booth mad? Was he mere- ly the tool of the much-beloved Lee? as it really he who died in the burning barn? All these rumors are discussed in “John Wilkes Booth,” by Francis Wil- son, the -veteran actor, who has much new materizl at his disposal. Mr. Wil- gon, who was a warm friend of Edwin Booth, has been working for several high and spreads for many hours and many miles, sweeping buildings and everything ahead of the water. like a bursting dam, and far more dan- | gerous than the gradually rising waters of & main stream. ‘The 1927 flood was the greatest in 1796 carried more water than came | in 1927, but the earlier flood was not | so destructive as the one of two years ago when levees suddenly gave way. | "The levees actually increase the | height of the flood, by confining the volume of water. For example, in the early years, before the extensive levees, | a stage of 49 feet at Angola, La., cor- responded to 36 at Baton Rouge, and 15 at Carrollton, while today & stage of 49 feet at Angola brings a height of 388 at Baton Rouge and 186 at Carroliton. Furthermore, it is alleged that the effect of levees, instead of scouring out the main channel and deepening it, ac- cording to theory, actually tends to fill it with sediment, and so requires ever increased height of the levees until the river becomes elevated above the level of the surrounding terrain, increasing the danger, although Army engineers have not confirmed this filling-up theory so far as applies to the M slssippl. * kX The service of the Weather Bureau in forecasting the height which on- coming floods reach has been greatly developed in recent years. On May 1, 1927, warning was sent out to all villages and cities in the territory protected by the Bayou des Glaises levee that the peak of the flood would be 4.2 feet higher than that of the pre- vious flood and would overflow the levees. The alarm was diligently spread, and all people moved out of the endangered reglon two weeks ahead of the crisis. Finally, the levees gave way and a wall of water 14 feet high sud- denly swept over a region where thou- sands of people had been living. It carried houses and everything else with it in the greatest onrush of water in the history of the river, yet nobody was drowned. g ik Many theories as to what causes the great Mississippi floods and how they can be controlled are exploded by the mature studies and constructions of modern engineering. It is recognized that levees alone are futile means of creating & confined channel; the vol- ume of water from the vast valley is too great to be held in check merely by levees. Spillways must be provided so that the river may stretch out to its wider channel—10 to 50 miles wide in parts. Says an officjal engineer; R A It is| | flood in history. It is believed that that | hemmed in by levees, hence was not | reoort of the chief | suj important in preventing the washing away of soil near the heads of the | streams, but trees are of little use in controlling the overflowing river. Savs | Raphael Zon, director, Lake States For- est Experiment Station: | “Solls covered with forests can take | up a quantity of water corresponding to a precipitation of 0.16 inch, or, in very | favorable conditions, 0.24 inches at |most. A cover of moss can store up {from 0.18 to 0.39 inches. * * * These | amounts are insignificant when com- pared to the enormous quantities of precipitation that cause excessive floods. Over 22 inches of rain fell in 24 | consecutive hours at some points in the storm of July, 1916, in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina, that inundated the French Broad, Catawba and other river basins, and caused destruction esti- | mated in the millions of dollars. A tor- | rential rainfall of 14 inches within a | short period was recorded this Spring |in ¢he lower Mississippi Valley. Such | enormous quantities of water are ut- terly beyond the capacity of the forest flood to absorb.” * ok * % Conservation reservoirs may take the overflow for limited regions, such as the section of Ohio serving the Great Miami | River, which caused the Dayton flood of | 1913, ‘but they are impracticable for so | huge a region as the Mississippi Vailey. on account of the prohibitive cost of | the land required. It is decided that it were better to utilize only the com- paratively cheap swamp and forest |land along the main channel of the river, for spiliways and run-offs. R It is curious to note that scientists have computed the total rainfall since rains began to fall after creation of the world. Basing estimates of ra! 11 upon the sedimentary rocks, it iy calculated. according to Bowie of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, that it be- | gan to rain 1,500,000,000 years ago, and | that the average throughout the world nd through that billion and a half rs has been 30 inches a year. That enough to cover the whole world with an ocean 750,000,000 miles deep, or eight times the distance from earth to sun That is about half a million times | much water as exists on the earth, so, | like last year's automobile, all the watar | of the earth is “second hand.” Since the beginning of the Christian era, the 30 inches per year of rainfall has amounted to an ocean only one mile in depth. All the stock of water on ' earth, if spread out evenly all over land and would be 1.7 miles deep, hence it has been evaporated and reused in rainfall since Christ was born, only to n amount of less than half the total pply. “How dry we are!” (Copyrisht, 1929, b5 Paul V. Collinad