Evening Star Newspaper, February 17, 1929, Page 30

o THE EVENING STAR — With Sunday Morning Bdttien. - _ WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY......February 17, 1020 THEODORF W, NOYES. ... Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company 21¢] mm-m Ave. RactoF R Rate by Carrier Within the City. e Frenine Star ... .48 per month o ing and Buday Siar e o {'%tvn 4 Sundays) . 60c per month The ening and Sun ir (when § Sundays) y Star ade at’ i Orders may Do sent in Main 5600 per month -8c_pes each month. Vel o GetEsnone | Rate by Mall—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. tly yr..310.00: 1 ily 2 Sunday only All Other States and Canada. £nd Sunday..l ¥r..$12.00: 1 mo., $1. ly 7t 2800; 1 mo. only 1yrl $500: 1} mo.: Member of the Associated Press. voly entitled Assoclated Press lp oxcl %o the use for repudiication of sl sews dig- BEGTS! fEl ke shd ol Shericeat iy oublished herotn: Al Tights of Bubiication special dispatches herein also reserved. Closing the Short Sess Another “short session” of Congress fs to close in two weeks' time. Despite the efforts of the leaders there is the threat in this session, as there has been in other sessions which conclude a Congress, of a legislative jam and the faflure of important measures. So much so that within the last few days Benator Norris of Nebraska has been bility for Washington to be buried un- der snow that falls for weeks, to the accompaniment of a drop in tempera- ture that would keep the mercury be- low zero for a month. That is not probable, but it is possible. And if it came to pass, there would not be a great deal of difference between the shivering Washingtonian and the freez- ing Bulgarian. Your meteorologist can explain, by weather maps and charts, what has happened in Europe, where barometric pressure and cold-air currents and wind have combined to bring the continent into the grip of a cold spell of long duration, and of such extent that there is small likelihood of immediate relief. The same scientist can quote statistics to show that our own Northwestern territory has suffered an unusually se- vere Winter, with heavy snowfall in Some communities actually cutting off the inhabitants from the rest of the world. The mitigating circumstances have been the extraordinarily excellent systems of communication that have been maintained and the fact that iso- and is not extensive. Rellef from the “outside” is comparatively simple. The difficulties begin when there is no “out- side”—when everything, as in Europe, is on the “inside” of the stricken area. Should there ever come a time when trains between Washington and Rich- fnond are stalled by snowfall, while pleasure yachts are frozen in the ice on Lake Worth, in Palm Beach, the difference between an American mil- lionaire and a wandering Bulgarian 8ypsy will be materially lessened. ——— A French Trophy. led to point out the futility of these short sessions of Congress and the ad- wvisability of the adoption of his resolu- tion proposing a change in the Consti- tution so as to do away with the short sessions so-called. Three times the Sen- ate has adopted the Norris proposal, but it failed to receive the approval of the House. ‘The trouble comes usually in the Benate, with its rule of unlimited de- bate, in the closing days of a short Session, And it is in the Senate now that the danger of a legisiative jam is threatened. So far only two of the an- nual appropriation bills for the oper- ation of the Government have been finally approved. Two others are wait- ing the approval of the President. Beveral others are in the conference stage. The Senate still has to consider the naval appropriation bill, the legisla- tive bill and & second deficiency bill, all the Senate has before it the bill author- ising the taking of the next decennial the House. There waits, for the t of Representatives in ac- with the census, which has House, but which has not et had its day in the Senate. slush fund of 38 HIRH gq would in effect: declare that Mr. Vare entitled to be seated, the prospect for a filibuster against the resolution some of the appropria- not be so serious as ers to confine the activities of the spe- cial session to farm relief and tariff f the Senate is striv- Already the BSenate has dis- of two controversial subjects this session, the Kellogg multilateral treaty .renouncing war and the bill for the construction of fifteen modern cruisers and an aircraft carrier for the Navy. It seems quite clear, however, that what- ever further important measures are to win their way through the Congress in these final days of the session must be permitted to go through the Senate practically by unanimous consent. ——— A conference looking to the abolition of gang war might be allowed mo- mentary precedence, even over inter- national peace procedure. In regular warfare there are at least some rules for discipline and supervision. ~ ———— The Cold’s Grip on Europe. The calamitous results of the pro- longed cold spell throughout all of Europe can be more readily appreciated by the understanding that the death and suffering there are due almost wholly to abnormal meteorological con- ditions, and that such factors as isola- tion, poor communication and poverty arc merely contributive. To realize what Europe has suffered It is only necessary to visualize what would happen here in Washington if a prolonged and heavy snowfall were accompanied by an ex- tended period of extremely low tempera- . | opportunity that is rare in most Ameri- The French government has made a graceful and appropriate gesture in offering a Sevres vase as the grand prize for 1929 in the International Ora- torical Contest. For almost two hundred years the Sevres manufactory, operated by the French government for the encourage- ment of the highest type of art, has produced porcelain articles of exquisite coloring and workmanship. Its vases typify the skill and taste of France. Such a gift, so distinctively French in character, is directly in line with the policy of the contest, both as regards international trophies and the subjects dealt with by participants in the con- test itself. That policy rests on the funda- mentally sound belief that the best basis for international understanding is not the leveling of all national traits and characteristics, but, on the con- trary, the perpetuation and emphasis of that which each nation has achieved, both in the pursuit of the beautiful and in dealing with the problems of lation has been localized in a few spots | THE SUNDAY want and The Star's opinion that such would be the case have been more than fulfilled and the Capital and Nation unite in congratulating the great edlica- tional institution and its novel school. Cabinet officers, Senators and Repre- sentatives, diplomats and educators will join with the faculty and the whole student body in making of the occasion & fete noteworthy not only because of its impressiveness but also because of the brief existence of the school. The Sec- retary of State will deliver the priricipal address and will receive the honorary degree of doctor cf laws in recognition of his conspicuous services in the in- terests of international peace and understanding. Few cities in the world are so well adapted to higher education as Wash- ington, and still fewer to education along these special lines. Its possibilities are unrivaled. The student lives in the midst of world events; his contacts, especially if he intends to embark on any phase of foreign service, are invalu- able. For almost a century and a half, Georgetown University, which is older than the city, has been performing in a patriotic way its functions of higher education. It was appropriate that at the beginning of the critical period of the armistice its youngest department should be established to meet the urgent needs growing out of new political and economic relations. From an infant with but several score students a decade ago, the new school today has grown to be the largest department of the university offering a hundred different courses to six hundred students annually, drawn from nearly every State and from more than a score of foreign countries. On its faculty roster are more than sixty dis- tinguished specialists covering the vari- ous flelds of training. Its graduates, scattered: to the four corners of the globe, hold responsible positions for private and for governmental interests | impressions hardened contact with the world. preme effort to dissociat Coolidge Achievements Divided Into Two Parts by Washington in no fewer than fifty-five different countries. Its name is known in nearly all of the important nations of the world. The motto adopted by the school is “International Peace Through Interna- tional Understanding.” It indicates that the school has not had solely in mind the obfective of enabling its stu- dents to attain positions which tnsure a comfortable living, but also that of promoting a better understanding be- tween natlons. The school has un- doubtedly lived up to it, and that it may continue to do so through many decades and even centuries to come is the hope of The Star. ———es. Having successfully managed theater trafic in New York, Commissioner Whalen might be persuaded to step inside and see whether he can do some- tho-uentpohunldwmuml nations. Thus, in its larger aspects, the contest becomes a world forum, m-l ticipated in this year by the youth of twenty-one nations. In each of those nations the contestants are required to grasp the governmental achievements of their own people and to present those & many-faceted jewel, so that it will bear ex- viewed, and always ‘Wha those millions of boys girls, on the threshold of full eciti- -one nations, present! In background and training, how vari- ous; in measured distances, how many thousands of miles apart; but in the p and strength of youth, how Washington and Grand Opera. ‘The Metropolitan Opera Co.s pro- posed visit to Washington this Spring hangs in the balance because of diff- culties in securing the necessary guar- antee fund. After a lapse of eighteen years, the Metropolitan renewed its short season in Washington in the Spring of 1927, and again last year. It would be most unfortunate if this revival is to be so short-lived that ‘Washingtonians will be deprived of an can cities. Unless the Metropolitan can be pro- tected against a possible deficit in its visit to Washington, Baltimore will likewise share Washington's loss. The opera company must make its visit in- clude both, or neither, of the two cities. Thus, Baltimore, which has raised its own fund, is watching anxiously the outcome of the efforts here of a group of Washingtonians who are seeking the necessary guarantee, Baltimore has even offered to donate profits from the Metropolitan’s appearance there to help overcome the deficit here, and no- tices are already appearing in New York and Baltimore publications questioning Washington's civic spirit and interest in music. ‘The Metropolitan Opera Co., whith is probably the world's greatest opera organization, can hardly be said to of- fer competition, through its appear- ance here, with any local aspirations. Tt is sincerely to be hoped that Wash- ington’s civic spirit will be all the more praiseworthy by reason of its ability to trlumph over unusual ob- stacles. oo Aliens who carry guns are not ma- terial for good citizenship. The gun habit is possibly one of the reasons for their wishing to leave home. st A Happy Anniversary. “To meet a long-felt need of American ture, and if such conditions were more or less present throughout the conti- nental United States. Here in America, where most of us live in an atmosphere heated comforta- bly by steam or hot water and travel luxuriously by train or automobile in the coldest weather, we are apt to feel that we have little in common with the bands of roving gypsies which, the press dispatches inform us, have frozen to death in the Balkans almost as they stood. But it would only take a pro- longed cold spell such as most of Eu- rope has suffered to make us all akin, And it gives one a rather uncom- fortable feeling to recall that if the canals in Venice can freeze solid, it is thing to prevent more or less disorderly conditions on the stage. ————— A forced landing for Lindbergh re- calls the wish entertained by many that the intrepid aviator would not insist on pressing to the limit the good fortune he has already enjoyed. ——————— Commander Byrd and his men are ex- periencing discomfort and danger. They would in some degree go through an almost equal sense of peril if they dwelt in Chicago. ————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, Climatic Fact and Fancy. The ground hog came—the ground hog went . With smile self-satisfied. In superstitious sentiment He found a certain pride, Regardless of his brisk display, In country or in town The old Thermom’ still went his way And plodded up or down. The Robin annually sings His early note of cheer, And then the North Wind harshly brings His salutation drear— Although Tradition bravely lives, Brief moments to amuse— It is the old Thermom' who gives The real weather news. Tiresomeness. “It is hinted that you are tired of politics.” “That idea,” said Senator Sorghum, “has arisen in self-defense in the minds of certain rough politicians who have some personal excuse for being tired of Jud Tunkins says there's no use step- ping out to tell the world what's wrong with it. That is most times only a matter of personal opinion. Tobaceo. “I shall not use tobacco,” Said little Robert Reed. “It seems since girls smoke cigarettes, Effeminate, indeed!" Her Objection. “Why don't you encourage the atten- tions of Mr. Penniwise. He is very steady and economical?” “His economy,” answered Miss Cay- enne, “is my objection. He is the kind of man who will order a fifteen-doliar dinner and leave a twenty-five-cent tip.” “A blunder,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “may bring historic fame if he who makes it can render it suf- ficiently conspicuous.” Life's Interest. A wicked play drives folks away— The motors wildly roam. Yet who would in seclusion stay And warble “Home, Sweet Home?” “I'm skeered of de fascination of dese airships,” sald Uncle Eben. “I's think- in’ "bout workin' in a coal mine so's to travel de other way.” interests in foreign commerce, to utilize the unusual wealth of trade information readily available in Washington, the various governmental departments, bureaus and establishments particularly concerned in the development of Amer- ican commerce are co-operating with Georgetown University in a new serles of courses constituting the ‘School of Foreign Service' which opens its first semester tomorrow.” The foregoing was printed in The Star of February 186, 1918, ‘Tomorrow night that school will cele- brate its tenth anniversary of successful work with brilliant ceremonies in Gaston Hall. The university’s conviction that Radlotorials. A cigarette! How times have chenged! From careful company estranged, The “weed,” the so-called “coffin-nail,” ‘When mentioned made us all turn pale. It is no foe that works with stealth, It is & symbol now of health. Today the joyous news we get— “King George has smoked a cigarette!” | H Time flies! A dozen years ago The Merger Thought began to grow. ‘Then people said, “It can’t be thus, Beware the awful octopus!” But movie men and shops combine And say that business is fine. Fred Zihiman vows in terms exact,. 'Mrmmnm.mlnlo(.pufl- 413 establishment would meet a long-felt “That Merger Thought is noy & Fact.” American history immediately following | is STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, FEBRUARY 17, _EVERYDAY RELIGION BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES Bishop of ide, (St. Luke, viti.4). “Unproductive Soil.” In one of the most graphic stories that Christ ever told, commonly called “the Parable of the Sower.” He vividly describes four different types of human nature. He attempts to indicate the receptivity and responsiveness of four distinct types of listeners, or, to use His own figure, four distinct types of human | soll in which the seed, which is “the ‘Word of God,” is sown. Of the four, the one that He recognizes as most com- mon is described In the passage in which He speaks of the soil “by the wayside.” Wayside soll is that which les nearest to the world of action in which we live. It borders immedi- ately the world of daily occupation and experience. It is affected by the passing incidents and the various types of per- sonalities with whom we have to do. It is the soll that receives more kinds of impressions than all others. It repre- sents the worldward side of our lives. It is hardly susceptible to the rich seeds of religious truth. This type of hearer bably the commonest with which ‘When stop to reflect upon the devotional habits of our lives, or our indulgence in the services of the church, we readily realize that the brief periods given to spiritual culture all too fre- quently prove unsal g. This is not to be wondered at when we recall that we come to these experiences overoccu- pled and overburdened with our worldly cares and concerns. Only recently I had & letter from & man who expressed with deep sincerity the seeming unrespon- siveness of his nature to the fine things of religion. He felt & desire to re- ceive efit from his devotional and church life and declared that somehow he did not find in it that kind of ex- hilaration and refreshment that he E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, Washington the pressi and crowding claims of ‘week-day ‘l‘l‘!e and in the brief of an hour or an hour ant utes of daily devotion, susceptible to ‘the rich impressions that inevitably follow the contemplation of that which has to do with the en- richment and development of our spir- itual nature. This soil, as Jesus uses it, reptesents in a very real way the so- called practical side of our life, but it does not represent the fine things of our nature. We often speak of the man who is known for his unusual efficlency and practical-mindedness as ‘“hard- Headed,” and sometimes we discover that he is also hard-hearted. The fine things of sentiment make little or no appeal to him. He thinks of life in terms of efficiency. He becomes a ma- chine, amazingly conceived and well handled. Beyond the concerns of his dally occupation or, in the case of a ‘woman, nd her domestic and social habits, little else counts. To such the great teachings of the Master, or the appeal of that which is most refined in life, has no access. No matter how carefully the seeds of truth are sown, nor indeed how rich and plentiful they may be, the soil is too hard, too close to the wayside, where it is trodden down by the influences and forces that per- sistently impinge upon our Ilife. We often wonder about congregations as we face them as to just what kinds of sofl they represent. 'gm hurry and rush of our age, its intensity as well as its colorfulness, con- spire to render us appreciative but un- responsive to that which constitutes the highest appeal of life. We are bound to believe that it is quite possible to cultivate and develop, quite apart from our worldly occupations and its, another kind of soll to which the great Teacher makes reference as being fruit- ful and productive. The overoccupled, worldly-minded man or woman sees in Christ that which they profoundly ad- mire, but they are quite incapable unders the deep values of His life and teachings, and their indulgence It takes a su- te ourselves from BY WILLIAM HARD. ‘Washi begins now to think of Calvin Coolidge in terms of retrospect and of summary of his achievements. Every President, great or small, con- tributes something to national ten- dencies. What has Mr. Coolidge contributed? This question engages Washington even as it prepared to welcome Mr. Coolidge's successor. The thought of the town about Mr. Sourals tnto- bwo. parie, The. first- s into two parts. mcegmd with his public policies. The second is concerned with the conse- quences of his special and pecullar per- sonal private characteristics. His “public policies seem, now to Washington, when considered in total, to have had their chief effect upon the relations between the Government on the one hand and private wealth on the other. Mr. Coolidge's Insistence upon gov- ernmental economy is seen now to be & thi not to be considered simply by itself. It is seen now to be a tl which harmonizes with a la ‘whole. ‘Mr. Coolidge has fixed public niind on the proposition that govern- ment shall be conducted with a view to the discha; of severely restricted governmental functions and not with a view to the sluicing of private wealth the into pul ury schemes of spacious humanitarian gen- eral welfare. Humanitarien general welfare Mr. Coolidge has wished to maintain, as much as possible, among the dutles of the te citizen in his private cal E m goolldxe has held that the duties and opportunities, economic or humani- tarian, of private wealth, great or small, should not be absorbed by government. He held that it is as much the high trusts of the President to maintain private life intact as it is to keep government efficient. He has held this opinion; and he has greatly en- larged the area of its acceptance among the American people. History ma; , it is thought, that Mr. Oo‘lllltny ‘l:’u exceeded all his predecessors in the White House on this one point of preserving the powers of the private life of America ungovern- mentalized, unsapped, and still capable of almost unbounded growth and ad- venmr:i He may be remb:{.ed.,'p;; haps, if one may so express greatest “private life President.” ‘Under him, to press this point further, the American people have extremely generally accepted the view that it would not particularly profit them to strip the millionaire of his so-cal “excess millions” through taxation. Only a few years ago our Federal in- come tax was regarded as a means whereby “excess wealth” could be re- distributed through the country. Under LT ments and prestige, process been completed, which has reduced the income tax from being a prospective agency for laying private wealth low into being merely an actual agency for %‘“m‘ by supporting the Federal Government in the emno;y to which it has become Similarly, and yet even more striking- ly, because less negatively, and more positively, Mr. Coolidge's regime has restored private wealth to its ancient rights in the personal service of the republic. Mr. Coolidge’s appointment of Mr. Dwight Morrow of the firm of Mor- gan hoo.‘wll:en% A&:'I.uuudm of this country a e: y swept away with one decisive blow the whols eur- rent accumulation of the recent sup- posed public disabilities of the men of the “money power.” The days were re- gained when it was no disability what- soever to George Washington to be rich and to belong to the set of the rich holders of vested property rights. Mr. Coolidge, through the case of Mr, Mor- row, went far toward reopening a full public career to the miserable rich on equal terms—almost—with the deserving poor. In sum, Mr. Coolidge’s public pol- icies-—regarded with approval by some and regarded with reprobation by oth- ers—are counted here by all as having given him a virtually unique record of service to the absolutely unique posi- tion of the United States as the most private-life, private-wealth country in the world, Mr. Coolidge's R:lvm characteristics, meanwhile, have had results which seem profoundly to have affected the popular view of the very nature of the presi- dential office. Mr. Cool has wholly negatived the theory that American people, in that office, necessarily demand drama, or| vaudeville, or tragedy, or any other sort of play-acting. negatived the theory that the duties of the office demand universal presidential ess and thereupon presi- dential physical collapse. Mr. Coolidge leaves the White House than he entered it. | then ceased 3 has let if he ,went to bed at 10. e has even believed that his fellow citizens would still be all right there, in full possession of their faculties, when he woke up from a nap in the afternoon. His life in the White House has been, in & way, a continuous compliment to the | cred American people. He has not consid- ered nlmnlr&or d-nybody else, indis- | individual returns at a fixed rate, in- I'structions to taxpayers this year are He has also wholly A Decembe: in any form of religlous mloe is cold, perfunctory and unsatis 3 the presidency by any gestures of the masquerade Wwhich sometimes in the White House has been supposed by sud- den miracle to transform a man into a superman. ‘;? Mr. Coolidge ever by one word, by one tone, or by one turn of the eye, has tried to make himself out to be more, to be better, to be cleverer, than he actually personally humanly is, the occasion is not in the town’s memory. If people have called him an intellectual shrimp, he has not responded striv- ing in his next conversation with them to sing like an intellectual canary. He has continued undeviatingly to be him- self—just himself—and he has let ob- servers continue to classify him as they would or could. Some sece him as having given the town much political wisdom. Others see him as having given the town much political folly. Virtually all see him now as having given it a personal sin- cerity almost unprecedented, almost incredible. He is able thus to transmit to his successor an office rendered more truly blican, more truly democratic—an office in which there is less deman than there was before for the the- atrical enactment of presidential as- sumptions of royal responsibility for everybody's entertainment and every- body’s welfare (Copyright, 1829, Bt 4,200,000 Will File Returns on Incomes BY HARDEN COLFAX. ‘The season of fret and fume is upon us, for some 4,200,000 individuals will file returns of their last year's incomes with Uncle Sam’'s Internal Revenue collectors within the next four weeks. In addition, more than 450,000 cor- rations’ returns will be recorded. w!ndmdull taxpayers reaily have lit- tle to worry about this year that did not perplex them last year, for the 1928 revenue act made no in rates applicable to individual incomes, or in personal exemptions, or in credits for dependents. It did, however, increase from $20,000 to $30,000 the maximum amount of income to which the 25 per cent credit for earned income may be applied, a matter which affects some nr.ooo hx}xym whose incomes are in_excess of $20,000. ‘There are major changes, however, in the law applicable to corporation in- come taxes. The rate is 12 per cent of net income under the new act, com- pared to 13'% per cent last year and 13 per cent two years ago.| In addition, the credit allowed a do- mestic corporation with a net income of $25,000 or less is now $3,000 instead of $2,000. The corporation tax has been yleld- ing about $200,000,000 more revenue the individual income tax. What the cl in rates remains to be seen. Of course, not all of those who are preparing to file their individual re- turns for incomes during 1928 will pay any tax whatsoever. Changes in the revenue act in recent years have re- duced heavily the number of persons who must file returns at all, the present law requiring returns from every un- married person whose net income last year was $1,500 or more and every married head of the family whose net income was $3,500, and from all, single or married, whose gross income was as much as $5,000 without regard to the net income. Five years ago 7,698,000 individuals filed returns. Tax red tion lowered this total to 4,163,000 last year, and of these only 2,470,000 were subject to tax, exemptions and deduc- tions relie the remainder from any payments to Uncle Sam. Forty per cent of the individuhi returns filed usually are not taxable, Of the total returns last year, 8.35 per cent showed in- comes of §10,000 or more, and this em- portion accounted for 45 per cent of the net incomes and for 96 per cent of the tax pald. Because of longer experience with the more clear. The head of a family, although not married, is entitled to the same exemp- tion as & married person, $3.500, snd to $400 for each person dent chiefly upon him under 18 years or incapable of self-support. Persons married during the taxable year may acclaim credit for a propor- tion of the year, but credits for de- pendents depend upon the status on mber 31. Thus, a man married July 1 is entitled to half the exemp- ton of a single person and half of the higher ex:mption of a married per- son, but if he supported a dependent January 1 to to do so for any reason, he is not entitled to any part of the $400 credit for this former dependent. No credit is allowed for doctor's bills, household servants or other simi- lar expenses, but if a passenger auto- mobile is used more than 50 per cent of the time in business or profession, the wages of a chauffeur may be claimed proportionately, snd proportionate ts for gas, ofl, garage rent, re- pairs and depreciation may be claimed whether a chauffeur is employed or not. Nb deduction is allowed for ths gur- of a new car, but if it be pensable to their destiny. (Oonsisten wl'.ht?x'fi'eux tion of them and of himself and of office, he has not sought to magnify himself or chase price bought ondeferred payments the inter- est mev be claimed as & credit, as may 1929—PART 2. Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Libraries throughout the country will soon receive up-to-date and greatly cor- rected copies of the most-used book of reference, the the American 1927, including the Continental Con- from September 5, 1774, to Octo- r 21, 1788, and the C ss of the United States from the it to the Sixty-ninth Congress, March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1927, inclusive. phical of Congress, from 1774 to ‘This book, which is being compiled | under the direction of Senator George H. Moses of New Hampshire, chairman of the joint committee on printing, has been four years in preparation and is just coming off the press at the Govern- ment Printing Office. There are bein; printed and bound 6,500 copies, of which 4,400 copies are for the use of the House of Representatives and 1,600 copies for the use of the Senate and 6500 copies for the use of the joint com- mittee on printing. librarians of the country have testified that they have no book in their libraries that is used as constantly as this Biographical Directory, This new edition contains about 9,000 blographical sketches and these contain | ¢ much interesting information regardin; Massachusetts men who have serve their State and Nation in the American Congress, some of whom had a leading part in founding this Government. Prior to 1809 apparently no effort was made to publish a directory relative to Members of Congress. The earliest known directory is entitled “Places of Abode of the Members of Both Houses of Congress, Pirst Session of the Eleventh Congress.” It is a pamphlet of 15 , published by R. C. Weight- man 1 and contains the names and locations of boar houses, ar- ranged alphabetically, which are fol- lowed by names of Senators and Repre- sentatives residing therein. Directorles containing added con- gressional information, compliled and printed under contract by private firms, appeared from time to time. Though still printed by contract, the Congres- sional Directory for the first session of the Thirtleth Congress, issued in 1848, J. and G. 8. Gid :hn icial air by bearing the Postmaster of the House of Representatives.” Simi- lar information was carried on titles up to and including the first session of the Thirty-eighth Congress. At the beginning of the second session of the Thirty-eighth Congress a joint resolution, approved February 14, 1865, was unanimously adopted providing for the compilation and gubllumn of the :lur!c mren:nm Di ';gtury under the n of committee on wfim printing. '!';ole committee held numerous sessions, obtained and exam- ined like publications issued in foreign countries and finally decided upon a work similar in essentials to “The House of Commons,” published in London since 1852. Biographical sketches of Senators and r}fprau?tng‘w up’pealredc:n 1867 in e first edition of 3 lonal Directory for the second session of Fortieth cvnfiu In Rad approximately APProxi ly 235 Senators, resentatives and Terri- torial Delegal It is referred to as being incomplete and in 1868 was re- placed by a second edition which con- tained a few more sketches. The di- for the third session, printed in 1869, contains approximately 280 biog- raphies. The work of preparing and publishing B hical Directory to include all the the compller’s edition” and blograj of 1pos! of the United States Co have been at least six subs mt edi- tlons, which were intended to give uj to-date and authentic fhlc‘l a-& ever, g; eeeodlr:'zl'“t wfl:r‘:“' mhow- 3 U com| a to have done little mmp!hm to add such information as could be obtained from the Congressional Directories pub- lished during each session of Congress. It seems that no effort to Te- vise or perfect the work of former com- pilers was ever attempted and thus original errors were perpetuated. In the new edition just coming out, the compiler, Ansel Wold, secretary to the joint committee on printing, has conscientiously endeavored to verify the personnel and biographical data pub- lished in preceding editions. With the ald of a trained corps of investigators, the Journals and Records of Debates have been searched, biographical publi- catlons consulted and special appeals made to Government depositories, g b- lic librarfes, ical assoclaf or postmasters, State, county and munici- | An; pal officers, as well as to private indi- viduals, for general and special infor- melt.:n. tmastes throug] TS hout country have invariably Tequests for information by furnishing by forwarding each communica- to some mnn most likely possess it. Officials of the State Depart- ment were especially helpful by courte- ously co-operating in' the examination and verification trom of documents of service records of the executive offi- cers of the various administrations. Officials of the Library of glned at the disposal of the compiler istorical data that could not other- wise have been obtained. Officials of the Government Printing Office have the ded to % | endeavored in every way possible to produce a book of such mechanical ex- cellence as to be in keeping with the dignity and importance of the subject matter contained therein. There are many instances in which librarians, historians and blographers have spent valuable time in research and in preparation of desired informa- tion, and the assistance rendered by them in this work is gratefully acknowl- edged by the compiler. It is unfortunate that some records which might prove of great value, espe- clally bearing upon earlier contested- election cases and their determination, were destroyed. It is also regrettable that the Journals of the two houses, and the certificates of election as well, can- not be accepted as reliable in the spell- ing of names. They do mot afford much accurate information as to the tions and deaths of members and none whatsoever as to their home addresses, Beginning with the Fortieth Congress, the names of Representatives from the various States are placed in the nu- merical order of the congressional dis- tricts they represented, and the names of Representatives at la appear in the order of their seniority. It will thus be easy, by referring to the footnote references of deaths, resignations, etc., to ascertain the g:ruculnr congressional district a Member represented. The names of all Senators are given in the order of seniority. Each of the almost countless biog- raphies in this book has been rewritten was L. ‘This book is a compendium of the rec- ord of the great men who have served this country, as President, as cabinet members or as Senators and Represent- atives in Congress. It should be steadily in use at all the principal libraries. —— many times as correc! information | is obtained. iy other interest on either personal or business loans. Taxes are deductible, but if a claim is made for taxes on amusement tickets an accurate record and not an estimate must be submitted. Church and charitable donations are al;:-aumuummwm_ Bad debts may be claimed as losses, but unsecured loans to personal friends and to relatives are not allowed in this class, being considered gifts. Travel. ing expenses, if the trip be on business, are deductible, and this includes rea- sont Loss on the sale of residential prop- erty bought or built by the taxpayer mrhhrmmflmmm«mdmund is not educubh.mtunmfloperty jcer lu ). are various other hair-line differences which make it ufihflmtl deputy collector in of doubt, FIVE-DAY WEEK SUCCEEDIN BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. It has been five years now since the idea of the five-day week in industry began to take hold. Its introduction as an experiment was heralded by many economists and capitalists as suicidal from the sociol and the productive points of view. The country, it was asserted, had Increased its pace in going to the . Others held different views. 1t seems others, then a minority, are winning out. A serles of interviews with employers and representatives of labor as well as with Government officials invites the investigator to the conclusion that the five-day week is proving an advantage to_the Nation. The first big manufacturer to adopt the five-day week was Henry Ford. It has succeeded at his plants in a high degree. At the time he introduced the shortened work week, his minimum wage was $6 a day. This was not cut when the work week was shortened. In- deed, very few employes of the Ford plants were receiving as small a wage as he minimum. Mr. Ford explained this by saying that if a man were not worth more than $6 a day, the company did not want him. an Lookh:g at industry as a whole, it is found t the five-day week has spread steadily and with acceleration during the last two or three years. One of the most important flelds in which the short week has thoroughly e~ trated is composed of the building trades. Bricklayers, carpenters, plumb- ers, steel workers, plasterers—all of the | payr, many branches engaged upon construc- tion—are on a five-day week basis in most sections of the country. This, of course, applies especially to the la cities. Small contractors, doing work small towns and in the country, work as they feel inclined. A Surprising Controversy. The changed attitude of employers toward the five-day week has just been surprisingly shown by a controversy in New York. The an association. Employers in all branches of construction are members. They have contracts with labor unions calling for the five-day week. Recently a subdivision of the association, con- sisting of a smaller association made up of electrical contractors, sought to make contracts with electrical workers provid- ing for a return to the six-day work week. The general association, bracing all the contractors, sued in the tcrs trom breaking loose in this manner and attempting to reinstitute the six- day week. ‘The garment and hat and cap work- ers are practically all on a five-day week basis, the great clothing centers | to do at New York and Chicago having adopted it outright. At Rochester, the shorter week is not generally in effect. Other industries where the five-day Dart tnclide tentie, shoes, papes proe Inclu , T - ot s, STy insulated wires. In most industries the five-day week means a complete shut-down on both employers in the n | bullding trades of the metropolis have | o, Saturday and Sunday, giving the worker two ml(y days at his own M In others this is not Euuubh. The oute standing example is in steel manuface ture. PFurnaces must be kept continu- ously in blast or there will be a great loss. The is inherently a con- tinuous one. However, this has not pre- vented introduction of the five-day week. A worker may complete his work on Friday and not take it up again until Monday. The shift that s take up the work on Saturday goes off on Thursday. Or, as the real unit in the steel industry is the eight-hour shift, rather than the week, a worker may be able to allocate his hours of labor so that he can have Saturday and Sunday free. Shifts Arranged in Continudus Work. Public utility workers are in the same position. Street cars must be run every day, electric power and light must be generated, water and gas works kept in operation, but here, again, shifts can be arranged so that each man works only 40 hours or five eight-hour days out of efl!hfl uwee':.-dem nnl‘l?llh true in the printing s, especially in newspaper publishing plants which print both daily d Sunday editions and both morning and evening editions. week easy to arrange because the unit is the hour, the base pay being so much per hour for each hour worked with double pay for overtime. The ent of Labor has watche ed results with anxious care. Question- es have been sent to employers to determine how they regard the inno- vations. More and more the employes are seeing its advantages. As in business everywhere, economie advantage guides the opinion. In other words, does it pay? The increasing spread of the practice indicates that it does. Here are some of the reasons elicited from employers for adopting or continuing the short week. Needless to say, one reason is that unions have demanded it. That, of course, is not up for loss in production; another that absenteelsm and labor t: , cleaning, housework and The overhead unit cost of production is lowered, some employers claimed, and others found that balanced production was made possible by tting such workers as did desire kupm to use Saturday to catch up the in departments which had fallen behind during the week. These employes, course, were pald overtime in cases, e bt s s e SR 14 Fifty Years Ago In Ther Star The following editorial, entitled “An Indictment of Our System of Educa- tion,” appears in The Star of February 10, 1879, in relation to an address made Educational before the National Education Assocla- Shortoomings, tion during the ses- lately been held n this d:,xucn had “As & matter of general publle in- mm?“ le success his ad- dress was one of the leading features of the meeting. He asserts that the safety, the wealth and indirectly the happi- ness of a nation upon the tech- nical it tion have been found thus deficient and unpractical, the whole subject of general education is now under trial. The lite- rary part of education is kept up, but no ample provision has been made for the technical knowledge and skill re- qlllr!d!nlmtmjomyvtmepeunh engaged in trades and manufactures. “The remedy, he advises, is to intro- duce the elements of industrial skill grade of the public schools manner that it will assist and not obstruct general education. The agencles are abun the education of professional men; pro- vision should now be made for the edu- cation of the most neglected class of all, the mechanics. Tek'ng the fact that the Eastern, Mi~ ! Western States expended Ias* ;.ar .. 2ty mil- lion dollars for pubiic educa..on, he argues that no adequate results have been received for the money in the way %re;,l“gu?flo&'hkh is the fit- ting for tions adult life and the dufluwte;m 3 zenship. It is, in fq t, he says, for educators to defend the pres- ent system of education, particularly against the charge of its want of prac- tical character in any way that com- mends itself to the common mind by its explicitness and clearness, In this connection the professor indulges in some quiet but effective sarcasm in re- S e of education has become enve! o?)m glittering generalities about ‘developln’ moral faculties ‘of the mental and th,' ‘the ning of the intel- e K ';cbunl W] vague Pprocesses as ‘disciplinary studies,’ ‘cul- ture studles,’ etc., are upon. Want of practicality on the one hand and undue expensiveness on the other are specified as the defects of the pres- ent school system. It is pointed out that the enormous importations of for- elgn goods, the product of skilled labor, explains why a good many of our na- tive workmen are out of employment and why the present condition of labor fruif and unprofitable. It is in the interest of good citizenship that the wage earning capacity of our workmen should be » by teaching them by skill and taste how they may compete Wlfih the skilled Iabor of the Old ‘World. !or:en mclnu:ion Pra‘t'.‘:‘gnth urged with on tional :fium of education e eiti- l:bllsh‘ or of a great Central Tec] Industrial Arts at WMM :;.ole euuxta‘t.‘rly - ;n in g ) ANy order that the extensive treasures of matertal - isting here may be utllized. " ———— Same Ducks Might Do Worse. Ro; Il;:olnlm Ohio State Journal. ‘e don't suppose a man who has 8ot pretty high in public life e:er wor- ries much :h:uc ::ml.h:rhjeoh when the comes to quit an can al president. i be'a college ————— Just a Change of Front. From the Omaha Evening World-Herald. Peace enthusiasts may feel Imneu’ Ihmm 3 , Apparent sel - ed for seeor(ehry of State, used to be e example 'to This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. THI i #1 It seems to be strictly a osition. We have tried every clue which might tion, but so far have been cover nothing tangible. * * ok x Physical are held to be responsible for these lor the normal in animals. In the is something in the human spirit which resents dictation—that is Wwhy one sees continually men and women who refuse to dress or to act like the herd, who insist on reading “different” books, and who “go in" for activities frowned upon by the mass. * ok ok X Maybe something of the same the | is true of animals, being or- "That 15 why It has never st A tained such a front seat in the estima- tion of mankind as the dog, which is his willing slave. You can tell a cat to keep out of & certain chair, but it wilt go straight back to it. If the creature is curled up; asleep in a favorite corner and you re- move it to & superior place—from your! viewpoint—it will yet go sleepily to the place of its own choice, no mat-: ter how times you carry it Acnhunnlhttoihlmhq.w 0ooses to shy at the rus of paper. whether ing paper, he is divine! little «Y&'mu. We Spri difficult to read sound. A D. C. Rush-Hour Idea. ance Lends Immunity. Santa Barbara Daily News. In some cases distance land en- chantment, but in the case age radio performer it just ler s im- munity. PFrom the Any Port in a Fall, From the Dayton Dally News. -