Evening Star Newspaper, December 30, 1928, Page 24

THE SUNDAY STAR. WASHINGTON, D. C. DECEMBER 30. 1928 PART 9 NOTES OF ART AND ARTISTS Commercial Art and Garden Designs on View at the Arts Club. Prog‘rcss in Newspaper Illustration—Other BY LEILA MECHLIN. " T the Arts Club, 2017 I street, are now to be seen two inter- esting exhibits —one of art termed “commercial,” the other of garden designs. There is a tendency on the part of the majority of persons to regard art as a matter merely of painting and sculpture, forgetting that it covers in reality a much wider fleld, embracing the greatest of all arts—architecture— and the allied arts and landscape plan- ning, illustration, the so-called graphic arts and design. In those days when art attained greatest height the so- called minor arts took on greatest sig- nificance. It is only thus that art be- comes a part of every-day life and is most itimately associated with the lives of the people. Perhaps comparatively few realize the changes that are taking place at the present time in the art of illustra- tion. Thirty or forty years ago this art flourished because of the demand by the current magar nes for illu - tive material. Some of our forel painters.began as illus.rators. For in stance, Winslow Homer, Abbey, John Alexander and a host of others, be- sides those who specialized in illustra- tion, such as A. B. Frost and Regin: Birch. These men for the most part worked in pen and ink or in charcoal and crayon. Then came the invention | of the half-tone process, and a new era set in. The wood engraving and the wood cut very soon went out.| ‘Wash drawings took the place of those | in which line chiefly was employed. Within the last few years a still| greater change has come over the illus- trators’ world. This change has been induced by the almost universal adop- tion of illustrative advertising. Some of our best artists give now the larger portion of their time to this so-called commercial work. Why? Because it in the largest returns, and, after all, one must make a living. Because the magazines could not compete with their advertisers, financially, several of | the leading monthly publications have | within the last year or two practically | abandoned illustration. To some this might seem a bad omen for the future | of illustration, but as the one avenue | is closed another avenue is opened, the avenue of newspaper illustration. Some | of the finest drawings that have been made during the past two years have been done to order for mnewspapers. Our own local papers are showing great improvement in their commercial art. The cartoonist’s art and the art of the caricaturist has never had wider scope than it has today, though it has ‘been perpetually in vogue for a great many years, and not only in vogue, but | a strong instrument influencing public | opinion. Here in Washington Clifford K. Berryman's daily cartoons in The Star have brought him to national no- tice and renown. We have residing here in Washington at the present time one of the great caricaturists of New York—W. A. Rogers. The local news- papers, _furthermore, have capable staffs of illustrators who are turning out excellent material with rapidity and The works of some of these so-called commercial illustrators constitute an exhibit in the lower drawing room and the dining Toom at the Arts Club. The place of chief eminence over the man- tels has been gi"on to representative groups of Clifford K. Berryman's Works. Opposite, in the drawing room, is an interesting of the work of Mr. Berryman’s son, James T. Berryman, who is working with, as well as under his father on the staff of The Star, his itions and in accompany advertisements by Rochon- Hoover, Newman Sudduth and Iris Beatty Johnson. Of notable interest in this collection is & group of drawings by Charles A. R. Dunn, entitied “Babbitt Through the Ages,” a series produced for the Na- tion's Business, which has lately been reprinted in pamphlet form. ‘“There is more than one form,” says the intro- duction to this pamphlet, “of attack- ing an injustice. ~Some wrongs can ‘best be righted by laughter. When the business men of the Nation, were pil- as Babbitts, Nation’s Business this course. It answered invective with ridicule. That’s the ‘why’ of Mr. Dunn’s striking series of cartoons en: titled ‘Babbitt Through the Ages’ Beginning with the Paleolithic Age, Mr. Dunn_in succession shows the Babbitts of Egypt, of Phoenicia, of Greece, of Rome, of the Orient, of Nor- man England, of the days of piracy and of our own immortal '80's—"The Mauve Decade.” His humor is irre- sistible, and at the same time fully sig- nificant. Never was ridicule more poig- nant or better attuned. Few of “the funnies” have been as funny as these. ‘Well composed, admirably drawn, amaz- ingly expressive, this series takes its place as art, and art of a very real sort. “Babbitt Through the Ages” should live. * K Kk X THE landscape exhibit on the second % floor of the Arts Club is no less sig- nificant, though much more widely separated from the commercial art ex- hibit than by a double flight of stairs. ‘Through it the observer is taken into an entirely different world, the world wrought in most instances, through the rewards of commerce. The exhibitors are Rose Greeley, John Small, III: Horace Peaslee and George Burnap, all local artists. Miss Greeley makes perhaps the larg- est showing with a number of photo- graphs of corners of gardens, not only in Washington_but in other parts of the country, which she has composed Mr. Small’s exhibit is chiefly local, extent confined to large projects, land- scaping and planting of big areas, in which he would seem to have followed to some extent the theories and prac- tice of the elder Olmsted, though his work has at the same time distinct individuality. Mr. Peaslee, who is archi- tect as well as landscape architect, is represented by only one or two ex- amples, among them his designs for the development of Meridian Park. So also is Mr. Burnap, whose book on this sub- Ject, however, is one of the standards. ‘There is no difference between the artist who paints a picture with pig- ment and the artist who paints one with living elements—grass, trees, plants, water—but the latter labors un- der greater difficulties. He is, indeed, but a co-worker with nature. When asked once the prerequisite for a land- scape architect Frederic Olmsted, jr.. promptly replied: “Visual imagina- tion.” In other words, the landscape architect must be a dreamer, but one sufficiently practical at the same time to insure his or her dreams coming true. This exhibit at the Arts Club gives only a glimpse of this great art, but a sufficient glimpse to bait the appetite, to open vistas to the Arts Club visitors. * % x % AT the Yorke Gallery there opened the day before Christmas an ex- ‘hibition of water colors by a group of well known artists and a collection of e y American etchers, among ‘which are found a number of works of ixtArlordmAry beauty. M Of melancholy interest among the former are two water colors, the Cha- teau series, by Arthur B. Davies, whose Local Exhibitions. | most original of our later day Ameri-|in the Fine Art Galleries, 215 West can artists. His carly works have a certain classic beauty. combining con- | ventional dream landscape with nude figures introduced for the purpose of | rnythmic accent. He was one of the | organizers of the great Armory show | in New York which brought to the at- |tention of the American public the | modernist movement initiated abroad. | He had administrative ability, but he | was essentially a recluse, a man sub- | | ject to psychic influences, much glvcn‘ | to introspection. For Miss Bliss of New York he decorated in an extraordinary | manner the walls of a living room, cov- | ering every inch of space with figures super-imposed one upon another. He | had been commissioned to execute mu- ral decorations for International House, New York, when two years ago his health broke down and on the advice of friends and physicians, he went | abroad for unlimited travel and recre- ation. It is said that during this time he gave himself entirely to pleasureable sketching, fell strongly under the in- fluence of Turner, and expressed a @:- sire to likewise immortalize himseif through the medium of innumerable water color studies, among which the two now on view in the Yorke Gal- leries are representative. During this period he only occasionally produced oil paintings. Among them, however, were two of mountains included in the Corcoran Gallery's most recent exhibi- tion, one of which the gallery has pur- chased for its permanent collection. He died of heart disease in one of the Ital- ian hill towns, and even his family did rot hear of his passing until many weeks had gone by. These two little water colors are exceedingly in the manner of Turner, quite exact in draw- ing but very beautifully rendered, es- pecially the one which shows a little white chateau in the midst of much verdant green under a sky lightly clouded by misty vapors. Among the other water colorists es- pecially well represented in this ex- hibit are Julius Delbos, who also works somewhat in the so-called English | manner, employing transparent wash with excellent effect; Granville Smith, who shows in characteristic manner sail boats, reef down, on a blue wind- swept sea, and Gifford Beal, a strong | painter, whose “Docks at Rockport,” | are essentially in the newer mode. Upstaws at the Yorke Gallery one finds the etchings, and among them three of dancing figures, exquisitely beautiful both from the standpoint of drawing and etching, by the Ilate Warren Davis. These are groups of dancing girls—nymphs, rhythmic in line, joyous in spirit, exceedingly chaste and lovely. Here, too, one finds some exceptional works by Ernest David Roth, and two very characteristic etchings, long upright panels, by John -Taylor Arms. As always, one finds also at these galleries a few fine small bronzes by some of our leading American sculptors On the mantel in one of the rooms, for instance, is now to be seen a little group of elephants by Sally James Farnham, “Spring in the Jungle,” and three in- imitable rabbit paper weights by Brenda Putnam. THE New York Water Color Club and the American Water Color So- ciety will open their joint exhibition * K K K (Continued From Third Page.) In his message to Congress the Presi- dent dwelt with satisfaction on our progress in commercial aeronautics. Over seventeen thousand persons, he said, have applied for Federal air-pilot licenses or permits, more than eighty per cent of them within the past year. “Our national airway system,” ob- serves the dent, “exceeds 14,000 miles in length and has 7,500 miles lighted for night operations. Provision has been made for lighting 4,000 miles more during the current fiscal year, and equipping an equal mileage with radio facilities. Three quarters of our people are now served by these routes. ‘With the rapid growth of air mail, ex- press and passenger service, this new transportation medium is daily becom- ing a more important factor in com- merce. It is noteworthy that this de- velopment has taken ~place without governmental _ subsidies. ~Commercial passenger flights operating on schedule have reached 13,000 miles per day.” The aggregate value of our exports in the fiscal year, 1928, fell off by 1.8 per cent from the record of the fiscal year, 1927; that of our imports fell off by 2.5 per_cent. On June 30, 1928, the gross public debt of the United States Government amounted to $17,604,290,563, the total having been reduced by $905883,703 during the fiscal year then ended. Dur- that fiscal year the .Treasury re- ceived $208,925,942 on account of the indebtedness of foreign governments. In the fiscal year of 1928 the total loans and investments of bankers in the United States increased by 62 per cent. New domestic securities issues exceeded those of the fiscal year 1927 by 8 per cent; new foreign issues ex- ceeded those of the fiscal year 1927 by 12 per cent. The new dmamestic and foreign security issues combined exceeded those of the fiscal year 1927 by $650,000,000. The national death rate for 1927 was 11.4 per 1,000 of population. Of all the States Idaho had the best record, with 7.1, About 4,650,000 automotive vehicles were produced in the United States in 1928, as against 3,580,000 in 1927 and 4,500,000 in 1926. The eighty-fifth meeting of the As- sociation for the Advancement of Science opened in New York on De- cember 27, and will end on January 2. Comdr. Byrd has reached his base on the shore of King Edward VII Land, Bay of Whales, Ross Sea, the Antarctic. * ok kX THE GREAT METEORITE—Prof. Kullk, a Russian geologist, is returning to Leningrad from the wilds of North- east Siberia, where he has been study- ing oneé of the most extraordinary phe- nomena of recent times; namely, the havoc wrought by a meteorite, far the greatest meteorite known to have land- ed on our planet. Persisting rumors having reached Furopean Russia of the descent of the “God of Thunder” in a “flaming chariot” upon the land of the Tungueses, at last Prof. Kulik prevailed on the government to send an expedition under his leadership to investigate. In the Summer of 1927 the little group ap- proached the area vaguely indicated by the Tungueses as the place of the thunder god's descent; vaguely, because the natives gave it a wide berth. At last the explorers (I quote Mr. Walter Duranty) “came out on a plateau more than 100 square miles in extent, from which all living growth had vanished. Neithsr beast nor bird, tree nor shrub, was visible on this blasted heath, which was pitted by enormous craters like shellholes, 50 or more meters in diameter, where the meteorite had split into a million fragments and had literally bembarded the earth.” The majority of the expedition were compelled by scurvy to return after a brief stay, but Prof. Kulik, with a handful of assistants, remained on, and such was his obstinate enthusiasm that he is, so to speak, being brought back | A | Fifty-seventh street, New York, Janua:y 3. to continue through January 20 From tivs display the American Federa- | tion of Arts regularly selects picturcs for its annual rotary exhibition. Following close on the heels of the New York Water Color exhibition comes the exhibition of the Washington Water Color Club, opening Sunday, January 6, | to continue to February 3 in the Corcoran Gallery of Art. s k. ok 'HE Society of Washington Artists announces its thirty-eighth annual | exhibition to be held in the Corcoran Gallery of Art from February 10 to | March 10, inclusive. This exhibition will be held in one of the main galleries rather than, as heretofore, in the hemi- cycle. Oil paintings and sculpture never | before publicly exhibited in Washing- | ton alone are eligible. A bronze medal will be awarded for the best work ex- hibited in each of the following classes: Portrait (including figure composition landscape (including marine); still li and sculpture. The jury of award will | comprise the following: E. W. Redfield, William Sergeant Kendall and J. Maxwell Miller. Exhibits must be de- livered at the Corcoran Gallery, New York avenue entrance, on Wednesday, February 6. Entry blanks may be ob- tained from Minor S. Jameson, secretary | of the society, 13 Oxford street, Chevy | Chase, Md. The officers of the Societ, of Washington Artists are: Honora. president, William H. Holmes; president, H. K. Bush-Brown: vice president, Ma- thilda M. Leisenring; treasurer, Clara R. Saunders, and secretary, Minor S. Jameson. * K K ¥ N the Smithsonian Institution under the auspices of the division ofK graphic arts of the United States Na- | tional Museum, an exhibition of etch- | ings of ships by George C. Wales of | Boston will open December 31 to con- | tinue to January 27. Of this exhibi- tion fuller notice will be given later. * Kk Kk K GROUP of charming water colors | by Susan B. Chase of this city is now on view in cases in the upper atrium of the Corcoran Gallery of Art. The majority of the 24 paintings set forth are Cintra, Portugal, and were made in that most romantic little city | last Summer when Mrs. Chase and a | few other accomplished painters worked | there under Henry B. Snell's criticism and guidance. For those who know Cintra these water colors will undoubtedly bring back pleasant memories, and for those who know it only by name they will serve as more than an introduction. Mrs. Chase shows a most interesting | view of the old fortress on the hill top. | the little town ascending to its base; of the famous castle, of the narrow as- cending streets—all seen in the sparkle of southern sunshine under bright blue skies heightened in effect by floating clouds. In these works Mrs. Chase's manner is exceedingly assured, her method direct and forceful, the results altogether pleasing. The exhibit will remain on view until January 6, and is well worth seeing. | | The Story the Week Has Told It has been estimated that the thunder god left a million dollars worth of meteoric iron to pay for his little prank. EE NOTES.—The latest bulletins con- cerning King George’s condition are disquieting, though not disheartening. The Irish Free State is vigorously addressing itself to reforestation; much needed. Starting early in the morning from Cairo, home of romance, in one of the Imperial Airways planes, you can reach Bagdad, that greater home of romance, in time for tea; 800 miles in 12 hours. | gates Samson carried away, and at Rutba, a police post in the heart of the desert. ‘Turkey is going in for modern danc- ing. The “Stamboul Stride” is all the rage; an adaptation “more seemly than the tango, and more graceful than the Charleston,” which, after all, however, isn't saying much for it. Reports indicate that the Ameer Amanullah of Afghanistan is slowly making headway against the insurrec- tion in his emirate. Planes of the Brit- ish Royal Air Force have been evac- uating foreign women and children— British, American, French, German, Italian and Turkish—from Kabul, the Afghan capital, carrying them over the mighty mountain barrier to Peshawar, in northeast India, but this work has been a good deal hampered by heavy snowfall. The conference of American states on conciliation and arbitration (sit- ting at Washington) has submitted to the governments of Bolivia and Para- guay for their signature a protocol pro- viding for investigation of the recent Bolivian-Paraguay clashes in the dis- puted area of the Gran Chaco, by a commission of nine members, the Bo- livian and Paraguayan governments each to designate two members, the conference to ate the five others, report to be rendered within 12 months. President Coolidge has signified as- sent to membership of Americans on the commission of experts which is 1o overhaul the scheme of German rep- arations payments. But our Govern- ment will not appoint the American members and such assent involves for it no responsibility or soupcon of par- ticipation. If the report is true that a Diesel engine entirely suitable to airplanes has been_evolved, it is an evolution of the first-class importance. Mussolini Puts End To Street Begging While still engaged in a campaign to stop street begging, Mussolini has or- dered_his prefects to halt the de luxe branch of begging known as the public subscription. It is now illegal to can- vass homes and offices with “sand-bag- ging” lists for contributions to a fund for a memorial to the neighborhood boys who won the foot ball match or the provincial spaghetti-eating contest. He who circulates a subscription list for the presentation of an illuminated parchment to the head of the letter- opening division in the ministry of jfifth anniversary in that important post may be arrested. The ban covers even subscriptions collected for various branches of the Fascist movement, and 11t is to be hoped that the black-shirted collectors who formerly visited offices with their somewhat awe-inspiring lists of subscriptions will vanish. A large number of them were imposters, but their victims were sometimes not in a position to verify credentials. 11 Duce accompanied his general edict against public subscriptions with the announcement that no funds were to be raised in this manner for the assist- ance of the 5,000 Sicilians made home- less by the lava eruption from Mount Etna—the government would make the | e provisions. However, patri- otic ividuals, business organizations and assoclations of all types are ex- by main force by a relief expedition. A fully equipped expedition is about to be tragic death in Italy, which October, hes only lately - R an- nounced. Mr, Davies was one ‘of the ' been happily named the “Kulik Plateau.” § sent for adequate study of what has pected to cipate the nation- wide cam, of offe government, bonds dor cancellation, more 7,500,000 has already been donated, There are two stops; at Gaza, whose | gaj communications on the occasion of his|of her “former” foes. Austria-Hungary (Co: ‘inued From First Page.) | linked with the affairs of those who buy our goods and who owe us money. One fact above all others must al- ways be borne in mind in considering the subject of our foreign relations. It is this: That there is no political policy or principle more firmly and irrevocably fixed in the minds and hearts of the people of the United States than the determination to avoid the “entangling alliances and the insidious giles of for- cign influence” against wiNch George Washington uttered his histeric. warn- ing. After 132 years the United States of America has no alliances with other nations, no treaties of offense vr de- fense with any other nation. We have, it is true, the Monroe doctrine, des\zned to prevent foreign conquest in the xvew | World. But even that may be revohed by our own decision at any moment the't Congress chooses to follow that courzse. No nation is more free, none more at liberty to steer an independent course through the tortuous channels of inter- national relations. certain definite duties, has certain un- | avoidable relationships with and obliga- | tions to other nations. Its so-called “rights"” are limited and abridged by the | foreign policies of other nations. The invasion and curteilment of those rights brought us into the World War, not an ally of England or France or B gium, but as & defender of our own vital Interests. A similar invasion of what we still conceive to be our rights upon the seas brought us into armed conflict with Great Britain in 1812. We can avoid and have avoided alliances, but we cannot avoid entanglements. World Contacts Close. As our foreign trade has grown—and who would advocate its abandonment? —so have the possibilities for interna- tional misunderstandings and conflicts increased. The development of the science of transportation has caused a “shrinkage” of the world that has brought nations into contacts often too close for mutual comfort. Bring American fuel oil into compe- tition by tank steamer shipments with British controlled oil or British pro- duced coal and there is a conflict of in- terests that certainly does not promote international good will. Similarly, the refrigerator ship that brings Australian or Argentine meat, Danish butter or Italian lemons to American ports cre- ates an international conflict of inter- ests. And so were it possible during the next month to adjust satisfactorily all disputes and conflicts the never-ceasing change of natural conditions and the advancement of silence would produce within a few years other quality dis- turbing international situations. It is plain, therefore, that in 1929— and in every succeeding year—our Na- tion must face and deal with a multi- tude of perplexing problems—problems that not only affect the standard of liv- ing of our people but the security of their lives. Problems of Next Year. _ What, then, are the problems involv- ing our relations with other nations that confront us at the threshold of 1929? First and foremost is the problem of finding a practical and effective means of preventing war. The Western world —Europe and America—have had 10 years of peace. Yet throughout the na- tions that participated in the World War is a vague but persistent feeling that we are in the midst of an armistice only; that a war, more dreadful, more destructive, more disastrous, waits only a few years in the future. On the same day recently the master of Italy and the war leader of Great Britain gave voice to this universal pre- sentiment. Addressing the final session of Italy’s devitalized legislature, Musso- lini_said: “Newspapers daily are recording the launching of submarines and other de- vices which certainly are not peaceful. ‘The number of cannon and bayonets is increasing. It is advisable that we har- bor no illusion about the general politi- cal situation in Europe. We do not want to perturb the European equilibrium, but we must be watchful. We should not jelude ourselves if others speak of peace. The truth is that the whole world is arming. When the storms are getting nearer, it is then that talk of quiet and peace is heard, as if by profound need of the spirit.” Lioyd George’s View. And David Lloyd George, after ques- tioning the efficacy of the Kellogg multilateral peace treaty to prevent war, id: *As things are now, the world is head- ing straight for war. France now has four times as many rifles and three times as many machine guns as Ger- many had when the was began. The pact for disarmament is not a pact—it is a conspiracy. Neither the Locarno nor Kellogg pacts will be of the slightest use unless we observe the letter of the covenant which binds us to reduce armament to the lowest point com- patible with security. “Unless the nations are prepared to accept soon and whole-heartedly good faith and peaceable means for settling disputes, God alone can save us from a calamity more terrible than has ever been seen.” ‘These are the opinions of men who know the Europe of today as few other men do. On the same day that the cables carried their opinions to America an Associated Press report from Paris conveyed the information that French legislators had voted $80,000 for secret aviation purposes. From all over Europe the news is of the same tenor. Russia is maintaining an army of an estimated strength of 600,000 men. Her neighbors, large and small, are maintaining armies of equal combined size. French and English soldiers still occupy part of Germany to enforce payment of reparations the total amount of which ten years after the war ended has not yet been fixed. Ger- many’s reparation payment for the year 1928-29 is $600,000,000. Estimates of the total amount of reparations the de- feated nation will be obliged to pay range from 10 billion to 32 billions of dollars. Meanwhile Germany, by force of necessity, s improving its industral processes 50 materially that her former enemies undoubtedly will be under great disadvantage in competition once the incubus of reparation payments is lifted. North Amercan Situation. North America, with three principal nations—Canada, Mexico and United States—has difficulty in main- taining peaceful relations only where there are substantal differences in race and language. ‘The difficulties are vastly greater where there are numerous small and comparatively weak nations. ‘Witness Central America. How much more difficult, then, is the European situation! The war—or its settlement—increased rather than less- ened the possibilities of conflict in the 0Old World. Where there were six great nations, with a nearly equal “balance of power” that maintained the equilibrium and peace of Europe for many years, there now are but four major powers. Germany is completely disarmed, and, for the time being at least, at the mercy has been disintegrated. To the 15 smaller nations of Europe, the war set- tlement added seven. Today, therefore, Great Britain, France and Italy, jointly or severally, control the destinies of 22 smaller, weaker nations. And so we have ample and unmistak- able reason to look with anxiety across the Atlantic, where scores of differences of race, of religion, of language, of eco- nomic conditions and of national ideas, furnish food for war. We have determined that the United States will not become a member of the League of Nations and actively assist in the adjustment of the disputes of the ©Old World. We have determined not to associate with the World Court—ex- cept upon conditions that have not been accepted by other nations which have given adherence to the court. Our sole contribution, then, to the Nevertheless, the United States owes |’ What U. S. Faces in 1929 of war. That treaty is simple in form. Its full text—aside from the preamble and the article providing for ratification and signatures of nations giving adher- ence—is as follows: Article I—The high contracting par- ties solemnly declare in the names of their respective peoples that they con- demn recource to war for the solution of international controversies, and re- nounce it as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one an- other. Article II—The high contracting par- ties agree that the settlement or solu- tion of all disputes or conflicts of what- ever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them, shall never be sought except by pacific means. Yet simple and unambiguous as that declaration is, there is no absolute cer tainty at the time this is written that | the Senate will go even thus far to abate the possibilities of war. Assuming, however, that the Kellogg treaty will be ratified by the Senate, there remains much more to be done in 1929 to insure continuance of peace. ‘The treaty pledges abstention from the uss of force. But it provides no definite means for the peaceful settlement of contaoversies. It provides no definite basic” .prmmples of international justice The' Kellogg treaty is fundamental Its aduption probably will, in truth, “outlaw’ war, so that no nation having given adherence to the treaty will dare to resort e foree. Pact Must be Supplemented. But the tw aty must be supplemented in the ways wentioned and others. The two most powarful nations in the world today—Great Alritain and the United States—have W0 general arbitration treaty, such as ythose recently ratified between our courd'ry and France, Italy and Germany, Nayotiations for such a treaty probably will have to be con- cluded by the new sviministration. Armaments, as Musolini and Lloyd- George have stated, sontinue to in- crease. Our own Naticw is preparing to add 15 battle cruisers to,its Navy. Two naval disarmament coukercnces have failed in whole or in pavt. Another is scheduled for 1931. With the European natiorh of greatest area and population we havg no official relations. Russia, for reasgns which need not be discussed herej is “un- recognized” by our Government, Never- theless, we know it to be one* of the greatest of potential markets for the world’s wares. It holds vast powsibili- ties of benefit for the industrially ever- developed nations. Russian ‘“relatlens” constitute one of the problems to wxich the Hoover administration will fall h¢ir. Already definite plans are being mage by farm and industrial interests to ack: just America’s tariff barriers. The ad-\ justment may take the form of a gen-} erally higher tariff. What, may be asked, has this to do with our foreign relations? Simply this, that if we suc- ceed by the imposition of higher duties in keeping out of the United States some hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of European goods we may ex- pect Europe to reciprocate in kind. Loans Reach Billions. ‘We have loaned not only the govern- ments but the private business interests of Europe billions of dollars. Much of the money has been spent to rehabili- tate industries which are now compet- ing with our own. The very foundation of our extraor- dinary prosperity and high standard of living is the American tariff system. It has not only benefited the United States; it has benefited other nations by increasing our capacity to buy abroad the things we cannot ourselves produce. Our long-established tariff policy should not and will not be aban- doned. But, on the other hand, we must not be surprised if we find Euro- pean countries adopting a policy of “Europe, Asia and Africa for the na- tions of Europe.” Such a policy would, of course, increase the necessity for further betterment of our trade and diplomatic relations with Central and South America. The clash between Bolivia and Paraguay simply emphasizes the great need for concerted American effort to prevent the development m the New World of the national hatreds and feuds that have disrupted Europe for many centuries. With this major problem of our for- eign relations Herbert Hoover is already dealing. He will have to deal after March 4 with not only the other inter- national relationships I have outlined, but with some no less important that: can only be mentioned here. Debtors Will Benefit. If we “scale down” by necessary tariff adjustmen's the amount of goods sold to us by Italy, Germany, France and Great Britain, we may possibly be asked eventually for a “scaling down” of the war debts. On the other hand, continued improvement of American economic conditions probably will re- sult in increasing our purchases of many foreign products. Our debtors will benefit. France, in fact, has not yet made any definite arrangement for the payment of its $4,000,000,000 debt to America. Another problem for the Hoover ad- ministration, in all probability. Immigration restriction undoubtedly benefits America, but imposes some hardships on overcrowded European countries. Tt holds the possibility of another unhappy dispute with Mexico. ‘Thus it is apparent that without “en- tangling alliances” or any yielding whatever to “the insidious wiles of for- eign influence” the destiny of the United States is deeply and inextricably woven into the whole fabric of the world and all its nations. During the year that is beginning a new hand will take the helm of the ship of state. The new President has had the benefit of personal contact with the problems and the statesmen of the Old World. In the capacity of Secretary of Commerce he extended the trade of the United States with benefit both to American industries and the| people of the nations with whom we | had larger intercourse. No more varied, numerous or serious problems of an international nature ever confronted a President than those that await Herbert Hoover. 1f we take the record of the nxn as an indication of what will trarispire, we can enter upon the year 1929 con- fident that in its foreign relations the United States will continue to be the most_powerful and vital force in the world for peace and prosperity. Not for America alone—but for all nations. e Symbolic Doors Found On Old Spoleto Homes\! Sometimes & ruin or a picture gives the beholder a deeper insight into an age that is past than weeks spent in the perusal of learned tomes. Some mute stone walls in the charming Umbrian hill town of Spoleto reveal more of the medieval mind than a writ- ten treatise could convey. Here and there on Spoleto’s house fronts one sees traces of three quite dissimilar door- ways now completely walled in. One is very high. This was for a centaur to enter upon his horse. One i very nar- row. That is for the coffin of the dweller within. One is quite wide. That is for the bride and groom when first they enter their home. The gate of marriage, the gate of death and the gate of the centaur—each had a pro- found significance for the medieval Spoletan and he would be as lief have perished as use the wrong door. His house had almost no windows, and there was seldom glass in those win- dows. It was miserably heated, but so compelling were the fears of the age that these doors had to be maintained for their respective purposes. When the Renalssance freed men’s minds from the darkness of medievalism the new oc- cause of world peace is the drafting and submittal to other nations of the Kellogg mmu!lur.) treaty for the renunciation e e ‘however, mute re- minder of the and a Spoleto of & thousand YTfllg’lhl;lfl- e T BY IDA GILBERT MYERS. JACOB H. SCHIFF: His Life and Let- | ters. Two volumes. By Cyrus Ad- | ler. New York: Doubleday, Doran | & oco. ANKER, financier, philanthro- pist, great citizen, friendly man —Jacob H. Schiff. Dr. Adler's record of Mr. Schiff feels like autobiography, but it is not. It is better than that. Near but not self-conscious as this form of disclosure is bound to be. Nor is it biography. Better than that more intimate and warmer. The two volumes are made up of a body lut correspondence representing about | every aspect of Jacob Schiff's active parfaking in the vital public affairs of the immediate past. The part of | Dr. Adler here is to provide a back- | ground and to connect the letters by a | narration of the events leading up to them and producing them. One’s first general reaction to this man's power to achieve in so wide a range of public concerns and to re- spond to so great a variety of per- sonal demands. Industry that never let go its hold, application that never relaxed. Mentality organized to the highest efficiency and perfectly co- ordinated with essential external con- ditions—all this stands to the account of this man of achievement in so many fields. The bulk of correspondence, seem- ingly so diverse in its parts, sums primarily to a survey of modern busi- ness history. Generally speaking, it marks the alliance between industry and money by way of the banker and the financier. It sketches the origin of this union in the destructive com- petition of innumerable small indus- tries, in the demand for combinations constructively favorable to production and distribution. Such combinations began, but evil as well as good arose from them. The agitated period of the “trust” came next. Then, and now, the inevitable combination in industry is going on, its vicious con- comitant of human nature being curbed by governmental regulation and supervision. Such, in the rough, is the industrial period covered by these letters and this survey of one man’s life. Within it great banking ! houses have risen, expanding their service to both national and interna- ional measure. Within it gigantic 'ans of industrial development, do- mv stic and foreign, have received sub- ste\1tial support from these houses, and have partaken of the practical Visionr of great financiers. By way of ti\se letters one catches glimpses of a stupendous pageant of industrial progress, and gathers swift views as well of \many a man of vision, dream- ers all Yho built their dreams into a vast net\\ork of roads and plants and enterprise \, parts of the huge drama of production that is now the making. But not alene do builders and finan- clers meet in this correspondence. Here are philwnthropists working in a thousand ways' of human amelioration. Here are sciewtists, men of letters, statesmen, all working men. Presi- dents and profeusors, judges, legisla- tors, politiclans @nd just men mingle here with builder and banker by way of association with this wise and deep- ly friendly man. In a long now ami then a book be- comes an event. This one is an event. A record of things nq’:ompnshed as it is, the book is not one \for old men. It is the young manm’s book. So, what are you going to do about this? Young men do not read. They run instead. To bring the persopality and inspira- tion of Jacob Schiff, and his kind, to the young men coming along the road of life is the pressing’ point®now. How can you do this? * K K X BONNET AND SHAWL. By Philip Guedalla, author of “Supens and Supermen,” etc. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. THE wife of the great man exciftes a curiosity as keen and lasting\ 2s that which the famous spouse himself is able to command. And these, thase consorts of genius, are as a rule gath- ered up like this: he' has been the making of him.” or “She has been a terrible handicap.” For our entertainment—for his own, too, it is clear—Philip Guedalla brings over out of the last century on the point of his own sharp pen one and another of these wives of the great. Jane Welsh Carlyle leads off. A study in wives could not secure even a start without Jane Carlyle. And here, be- sides, are Catherine Gladstone and Mary Anne Disraeli and Emily Palmer- ston and another and another. “The book is a joy of gossip. That is, it looks like gossip, since it deals with numberless personal, and private, views of famous folk, such as the average of us Hke to see in full disclosure. One sets out in fine feather with Guedalla. He’s not one to gloss things over, yo know, in deference to anybody’s great- ness, or littleness. So, the reader walks right into the house and all over it. Into Gladstone’s house and Carlyle’s. Into all of them without hindrance. The writer is fully trustworthy, so there is no fear of reticence on his part. And the reader sees to the full limit | 4, the frivolous helpmeet of Gladstone, the lady with the ragbag mind. And there is no bones at all made of the fact that young Disraeli chose an old woman for his wife. And so the stories run, no skimpi about any of them. Here they are, all of them, set out with their frailties upon them. Then—the surprise. For, by an adroit placing of the other and larger truth beside the thin outside opinion of them, each of these women is pictured in her true relation to the man beside her. And in this portrayal she stands, not at all as she is assumed to be, but as she really is, in the role of companion and helper. Apparently this book is an hour of play- time for Philip Guedalla. It is in facts, however, a little gem of human under- kstandings and appreciations. * K K % STONE DESERT. By Hugo Wast, au- thor of “Black Valley.” Translated from the Spanish by Louis Imbert and Jacques Le Clercq. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. “STONE DESERT” is a prize novel, ) winning the award of the Argen- tine national prize for literature. Like its predecessor, “Black Valley,” it is a storys0f South America in its everyday life away from the excitement and tur- moil of the large cities. The story in hand ist et in the farm lands along the western sdndes. In simple fashion it depicts the character of those living in this quar)ef in the role of farmer and Jandowner.. A stonier story than could have been wiade on the other side of the mountalrs, where the wide and rich plains would have called for a quite different\ order of invention. Here, however, the %\lfiy order is of small and laborious ‘Nings. The action de pends upon the yeturn of Rogue Car- plo from an exile \of many years and of Bis passion towar Marcela Ontiveros, a girl of the hills. 3By way of this un- requited feeling ana the personal ac- e S T gathers in and roun 3 indubitably, a full pict\e of the region with which it has to Character as this is modified by en “\‘-:!kz landscape, limate, t\ ¢ daily e o the whole design. heights to the story, nor greatglel study is that of pure amazement at one | Fiction Are Busy. either. Better than such romanticism, the story constitutes one more tally be- tween fact and fiction in a part of the world about which, jus® now, every phase of its reality and significance is of vital importance. Sudh novels as this one, quite apart fram fits clear genius of conception and its classic simplicity of projection, contribute defi- nitely to the broadening kmowledge of the South American contiment and to its truer understanding. e GOOD-BYE WISCONSIN. By Glenway Wescott, author of “The Grand- mothers,” etc. New York: Harper & Brothers. A HANDFUL of stories picked wp out of life pretty much as it gues on anywhere—everywhere. In every com- munity, great or small, the peogfe of this book may be found. People with pasts to mend to a certain wholaness of feeling and appearance. Lovers in one or another of the innumerable variants of the immemorial pattern of courtship, marriage and compromtse. Here is the wastrel of the communiky, lovable chap but positively no good an earth—that is, no good according to Ilz sort of current bookkeeping. Here the runaway, come home again. Just, you see, the common stock of the pop- ulation that is lying around loose every- where. But, here in contrast to other where, there is someone to see these samples of humanity, someone to realize that they are, all, some of life’s great interpreters for they are just men and women trying to make a go of the most inexplicable puzzle ever invented —just samples of individual identity in the great maze of human destiny. And this writer, this boy, or so he seems, took them up one after another in a realizing spirit and set down the bare facts about them as he saw these facts. And because he did just this, and nothing more, here each one is, not only clothed with authentic fact, but charged as well with a thousand human implications, momentous and revealing. And, because Wisconsin is his own home, or was, he surrounds these familiar men and women with the habit of the place where they were born, where he was born. So, instead of a handful of stories, there is here a group of people, carrying on in their own home soil, just as they do carry on day by day. And these facts turned into print, into the right sort of print, constitute art. And here you have it. * ok K K MR. HODGE AND MR. HAZARD. By Elinor Wylie, author of “The Orphan Angel,” etc. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. AN elusive bit of fiction, delicate and always ready to fly away, that goes back a hundred years or more for both theme and setting. It is the story of a poet who, like most poets, flamed with the cause of human liberty. A sorry cause, this, in a prosperous world, where no liberty at all could be found anywhere; in a world where high and low alike were in bond to this, that, or the other; still are in bond to this, that, or the other. But this is not our story, it is the poet's story. Finally his spirit drooped, grew weary, longed for solacement, longed for tranquillity and joy and laughter. The story in hand is that of the Summer given over by the poet to refreshment for soul. A beautiful Summer— lovely women, an Eden of cool green and laughing waters and shade and thoughts turned into words that sang and rippled and soothed. But—Sum- mer is only Summer. And this one came to an end. Such, in a word, is the story of a man and a time, of a place and a situation, that belonged, and belong to the fleeting things of genius, with tempests of protest against the world as it is and will continue to be. It is the subtle charm of this little invention that will .count with the reader, an essence that is no sooner sensed than it is gone, to come again and again till the reader, like the poet, is left with only a faint memory of ;.hll happy rgviving Summer of pure joy. * ok ok X ALL ABOUT ME. By John Drink- water. Pictured by H. M. Brock. Boston: Houghton Miffin Co. 'HEN a man is at work you can’t tell much about what sort of man he really is. But when he is at play, Jhead over heels in play, then you can find out all about him, if that is an imy it thing to do. portan . A _case in point is John Drinkwater. When he works he writes long and important “lives” or makes plays that many folks g0 to see. And that is all right, but it is not John Drinkwater that you come upon by way of these long pulls. But in this book of playtime, a book of poems, he tells right out that this is “All About Me.” It is, too. Here is a whole week, day by day, telling the secretest things about little John Drinkwater: Monday: “My very best friend is Barbara Day. She's seven and I am six; She calls me dear and tells the way ‘To do arithmetic.” A story that goes on in increasing devotion for a whole week, seven days. Almost everybody and everything are in the book, and everything and every- body are pretty much all right—quite the Drinkwater strain. You should read them all—all the poems, I mean— for a.true acquaintance with the author. Besides, the pictures by Mr. Brock add touches now and then that with words, just stiff words, Mr. John cannot put across by himself. Be sure to read “All About Me,” and be sure to look at u; pictures that go with this “All About.” BOOKS RECEIVED ‘TIME 1S A GENTLEMAN. By Charles Goff Thomson. New York: The Mac- millan Co. WHEN I GROW RICH. By Ethel Sidg- wick. New York: Harper & Bros. AND SWORDS:; Being the REVIEWS OF WINTER BOOKS ?The Life and Letters of Jacob H. Schiff—Philip Guedalla Turns Out Another Volume—Several Writers of Collection of Unpublished Manu- scripts. With an Introduction and Notes by Clifton Joseph Furness. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. PETER MENIKOFF; The Story of & Bulgarian Boy in the Great Ameri- can Melting Pot. By Peter O. Yan- koff, A. B, M. D. Nashville: Cokes- bury Press. | UNDERSTANDING SPAIN. By Clay- ton Sedgwick Cooper, author of “Tkte Brazilians and Their Country,” etc. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co. COCK'S FEATHER. By Katharine Newlin Burt. Boston: Houghton Miffiin Co. CRISES IN VENETIAN HISTORY. By Laura M. Ragg. Illustrated. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. EAST ALL THE WAY. By J. G. Lock- hart. New York: D. Appleton & Co. GEORGE W. CABLE; His Life and Let- ters. By Lucy Leffingwell Cable Bikle. llustrated. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. THE SONS OF CAIN. By James War- ner Bellah. New York: D. Appleton & Co. MEXICO AND ITS HERITAGE. By Ernest Gruening. Illustrated. New ‘York: The Century Co. ! THE FUNNY BONE; New Humorous Stories by Nineteen Popular Authors, Designed by Cynthia Asquith. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. SHADES OF OUR ANCESTORS: American Profiles and Profilists. By Alice Van Leer Carrick. Illustrated. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. A VOYAGE TO PAGANY. By Willlam Carlos Williams. New York: The Macaulay Co. ‘THI? TAKEN CHILD. By George Ag- rnew Chamberlain, author of “The Sfranger at the Feast,” etc. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. LORD READING. By C. J. C. Street, O. B. E, M. C. New York: Freder- ick A. Stokes & Co. PIRATES: Old and New. By Joseph Gollomb, author of “Master Man Hungers.” Woodcuts by Clyde A. Nordquist. New York: The Macau- lay Co. ‘THE DAWN. By Mary O. Alston. Bos- ton: The Christopher Publishing House. SECOND CABIN. By Mary Heaton Vorse. New York: Horace Liveright, \CHINESE MISSIONS. By Joseph Jud- son Taylor, N. A, D. D, LL. D. thor of “A Country Preacher,” etc. With an Introduction by Robert E. ;:{halmbers, D.D. New York: Walter eale. THE PUBLIC LIBRARY Recent accessions at the Public Library and lists of recommended reading will appear in this column each Sunday. Duffus, R. sance. and Germany. W47-K54. JIC}I;!;I!, R. E. American Arts. W83~ Social Science. H-B38w. Benda, Julien. The Treason of the In- tellectuals. H-B43t.E. Ellwood, C. Cultural Evolution. H-El 57cu. Pitkin, W. The Twilight of the Ame Mind. H-P685! Ross, E. A. World Drift. H-R736w. Weatherly, U. G. Soclal W378s. 1926. H- Poetry. A ?&m' Anthology, 1928. YP- 9B64 Crane, N. C. R. Venus Invisible. YP- C853v. Dows, Alice. Idle Hours. YP-D76l. , Mrs. M. S. An Etching. YP-F57e. Golgigafizs. Louls. Prophet and Fool. YP- p. Henderson, Mrs. A. C,, comp. The Tur- quoise Trail. YP-9H38t. Johnson, A. J. Friendship. YP-J62f. Kreég;\;ofl, Alfred. The Lost Sail. YP- 1 Millay, E. St. V. The Buck in the Snow. YP-M612b. Van Doren, Mark, ed. An Anthology of World Poetry. YP-9V285. Domestic Architecture. Mdflc& C. D. The Real Log Cabin. W] 2. Architects’ Small House Service Bureau ‘Tonawanda, N. Y. Bennett Homes Better Built. WIM-B436. Gowing, F. H. Bullding Plans for Eng- lish and American Colonial Dwell- ings. WIM-GT748b. Travel in America. Andrews, Mrs. M. M. My Studio Win- dow. G859W-An27m. Beneke, F. D, ed. The Flood of 1927, Mississippi River and Tributaries. G875-B43. Byrd, Willlam. A Journey to the Land of Eden. G863-B99. Dole, N. H., and Gordon, I. L. Maine of the Sea and Pines. G841-D68m. Drury, John. Chicago in Seven Days. Fetlor, Aciimar. Americs Throug ler, ur. v _Seen h Forvester G 0. The Palis of Niagara. rrester, G. C. e of 3 n":}!.'ilfll-l"l'l. s man, L. R. Nearing North. G822-F8T. New York 1. G851-N97. i Golden Adventures of Balboa and His Intrepid Company, Freebooters All, Discoverers of the Pacific. By Arthur Strawn. New York: Bren- tano’s. JUDGMENT DAY. By Norman Davey. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co. CONQUEST; America's Painless Impe- rialism. By John Carter. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. ARIZONA CHARACTERS. By Frank C. Lockwood, Dean of the College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Univer- sity of Arizons. Los Angeles: The | ‘Times-Mirror Press. ROME EXPRESS. By Bertrand Col- lins. New York: Harper & Bros. THE MEDIOCRAT. By Nalbro Bart- ley. New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co., Inec. WALT WHITMAN'S WORKSHOP; A /—EYorke Gallery 2000 S Street Exhibition of Water Colors and Etchings by America’s Foremost Artists Arthur '8, Daviss Childe Hassam Gordon Grant '5 10 AM. to 6 P.M. . Mrs. Hilda. G89-R72s. Page, Kg; . Recent Gains in Ameri- e G The e y. _G83-Sed! Se. Better Country. of anewand You want to toownit. Dk Hereis Wfld’l T . Youpaya small start end stop the newest titlos, WOMRATH'S 58588 Jane Ba Ml:?{i %::"A and po; rental when vice