Evening Star Newspaper, October 27, 1928, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. . WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY.....October 27, 1928 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Buildinz. European Office: 14 Rezent St.. London, England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Star 45¢ per The Evening and Sunday Star (when 4 Sundays) ... The Evening and Sunday Star (when 5 Sundays)...........65c per month The Sunday Star . ¢ per cony Collection made at the end of + Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone Main 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunda: 1 ¥r.,§10.00: 1 mo., 85¢ Daily only ... 1 ¥r.. $6.00: 1 mo.. 50c | Sunday only .. yr., $4.00; 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. day. .1 yT., $1200: 1 mo., 31,00 . ;1 mo., 3¢ yr., §5.00; 1 mo. 50c 60c per month nday only Member of the Associated Press. | The Associated Press is +xclusively entitled to the use for republication of ell 1 ews dis- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- | fted in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rizhts of publication of special dispatches herein also X Fire Engine Speed. With a coroner’s jury recommending an arbitrary speed limit for fire ap- paratus, and an aroused public ofering suggestions of all kinds to abate the traffic dangers of fast runs by emer- gency vehicles, the National Capital is | still displaying marked concern over the | accident four days ago which resulted in the death of one woman and the | critical injury of another. In bringing in its verdict of accidental death in the case of Miss Cecilia King the jury urged that a set of regulations be drawn up to cover the operation of fire ap-| paratus, while suggestions to erect street | sirens on fire runs and other safety measures have come from an interested public. Although witnesses to Monday's ac- cident differ widely in their estimates of the speed of the battalion chief's| roadster at the time it struck its unfor- tunate victims, the question of speed for all emergency vehicles is one of mo- ment in view of the mounting list of fatalities. One school of thought on the subject holds that all restrictions should be removed from the operation | of these vehicles on the theory that speed may mean the saving of many lives. The other view is that a few seconds’ delay in the time of ar- rival of the engine cannot, except in the rarest of cases, denote the difference be- tween life argl death, and that in the rush through the streets many persons’ lives are endangered. On one phase of the question the two schools, however, are in absolute har- mony, and that is that regardless of | the speed at which engines travel they should be granted absolute right of way, and that stupid and deflant motorists and pedestrians who ignore the scream- ing sirens should be summarily dealt with in court. The time-worn excuse of motorists and others that “they did not hear the siren” has about run its course in the National Capital, and lit- tle leniency should be shown when this modern type of arrogant road hog ap- pears before the bar of justice as a re- sult of the activities of Maj. Hesse's fiying motor cycle squadron. 1t may be that the time has arrived seriously to consider the question of a reasonable limitation on the speed of emergency vehicles. Traffic conditions, not only in Washington but in other large cities, are constantly becoming more difficult to cope with, and it is well within the realm of logic that high speed for any kind of vehicle is a direct invitation to disaster. It is pos- sible, of course, that a general warning to fire engine drivers to take fewer chances in the performance of their duties might be just as effective as an arbitrary speed limit. Many runs are made at slack traffic periods of the day or night, and at.these times adherence to a definite limit might well handicap the department in reaching the scene of & conflagration at a speed which under these circumstances would be consistent with safety. . This accident, tragic and unfortu- nate as it was, will assuredly yield bene- ficial results to the entire community, as it has served to focus public atten- tion upon a matter that has too lun[‘ been regarded in an indifferent manner. The best thought of the community is now at work on the problem of provid- ing quick and efficient Fire Depart-! ment service with the elimination of much of #he hazard. Such concentra- tion of endeavor cannot fail to produce & satisfactory adjustment. - ‘The Missouri bard who resented mis- treatment of his “houn’ dog” may have to include a verse to the effect that “you've got to quit kickin' my Tammany | tiger around.” | ———— Motor accidents are so frequent as to suggest the propriety of including the ! cost of insurance policies in the price of | every automobile. ———— The American public is versatile and never falls to demonstrate that it can take its politics as seriously as it does | its foot ball. No Junket for the Zep. Abandonment of the plan for a flying | tour of the States by the Graf Zeppelin before the return to Europe will disap- | point many Americans who have hoped to see this giant airship, the pioneer of transatlantic passenger transportation. But conditions of weather made it of doubtful prudence to take the great craft on such a flight in the course of which she might be disabled to a de- gree to make return flight to Europe impossible this season. The Graf Zeppelin was built to dem- onstrate the possibility of long-distance Ppassenger service. It has performed the first leg of the initial voyage in a gen- erally satisfactory manner. It did not make the course that was at first ex- pected, and it was somewhat crippled by the fury of the winds. Nevertheless it flew from point to point with sufficient adherence to schedule to prove the pos- sibility of overseas flying in commercial service. It is now scheduled to start tomorrow on the return trip. Much is yet to be accomplished ba- fore the lighter-than-air transport can be regarded as dependable. There must be less risk of derangement in flight, less chance of deflection from course and specifically less likelihood of post- I e anonth, | ponement of departure, In short, the service must be regular and reliable. Until that point is reached the dirigible will remain, as is the airplane in long- distance service, an experiment and not a practica factor of transportation. There s no reason to fear for the Graf Zeppelin on the eastward flight in completion of the first round trip. The course from America to Europe is the casier way. Not only are the elements more favorable, but in this case the ex- perience of the western flight will be advantageous in the return trip. Far | more important in the process of de- veloping commercial aviation on the | long-distance basis than any exploita- tion through an exhibition flight in this country, is the completion of the trip, Zeppelin is to be taken back without a |sail over the States is praiseworthy. o Home-Stretch Betting. Throughout the campaign up to the last few days there has been an ex- ceptional lack of betting. It has been repeatedly noted that fewer and smaller sums were being wagered on the result of the presidential and State contests than for many years. In part this has been attributed to the fact that the facilities for placing election bets, in| New York particularly, were lessened by | the rule of the New York Stock Ex- change against members of that or- ganization serving as.betting commis- sioners. A change has now taken place and it | is reported that bets are being laid in considerable number and in large volume. One statement just printed cn the subject is to the effect that certain betting agents in New York now have nearly a quarter of a million dol- lars on hand to be placed on Gov. Smith at odds of four to one, while the Hoover backers are holding out for odds of three and a half to one. This is thel first show of “big money” in the betting field during the campaign. The other day a bet of $70,000 to $20,000 nn! Hoover on the national result was re- | corded in New York City, that being the Jargest single wager up to that time. | Some of the quotations of betungl odds lately posted are interesting. As fox example, 8 to 5 that Roosevelt beats Ottinger for Governor of New York; 8 to 5 that Hoover carries Illinois; 7 to 5 that Hoover carries Kentucky; 6 to 5 that Hoover carries Tennessce; even money that Smith carries Massachu- setts; 6 to 5 that Smith carries North Carolina; even money that Houghton 'defeats Copeland for the New York senatorship; even money that Smith carries New York by 525,000; 8 to 5 that he does not carry it by 550,000, and 3 to 1 that he does not caryy it by 600,000; even money that Hoover comes down to the Bronx with 525,000 ma- jority, and-3 to 1 that he does not come down with 600,000; 4 to 1 that Hoover does not carry 40 States; 1 to 15 that Smith will not earry New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts and Mis- souri; 2 to 1 that Hoover carries New Jersey, and even money that he carries it by 200,000. These proffers show the ingenuity with which bettors seek to tempt the placing of reluctant money in a cam- paign that is full of uncertainties and complications. It is said that there is far’ less betting on the general result than on details, on State results and on pluralities. But after all it makes but little difference how the betting runs, The wagers and the odds do not influence public feeling. The bets are made by two classes of people, those who think they see a chance to make some easy money and those who want to “back their judgment,” or their partisan confidence, with the rigk of cash. The silent voter, who realiy de- cides the election, is not influenced by these transactions. e Another Flying Escapade. Another example of the devious channels to alleged fame was furnished recently by a seventeen-year-old girl fiyer from the New York district, who piloted her plane beneath four bridges over the East River. - After she had completed her feat, which she evidently expected would bring her that degree of notoriety so sought after by a cer- tain type of person, she is understood to have saucily stated that “she did not care much what the Department of Commerce did about it. It was so much fun.” It is this kind of smart-aleck whether masculine or feminine, that retards the progress of aviation. This young woman evidently did not take into account that in “dodging a couple of ships” under the bridges to make her successful flight she endangered not only her own life, but many others. If these foolhardy flyers could only realize that their attempts to elevate them- | selves to the rank of heroes are revolting | to the portion of the public that sees | in aviation the future of safe, speedy transportation, they might take fewer risks and be content to work quietly to win the good will of the thinking ma- Jority. —————— The custom of tearing up telephone books for confetti purposes represents | Individual waste that means an item to be calculated into demand for increase of rates to the subscriber. e A straw vote cannot be expected to extend much encouragement to farm relief. The cost of straws is nothing, as compared to the value of hay. e r——— “Any 0ld Rags?”’ A mummy, popularly supposed to be that of an ancient Egyptian princess— who ever heard of a feminine mummy that was not of that rank?—has for nearly three decades been the prize ex- ibit in the Bergen County Historical Soclety’s museum at Hackensack, N. J. Visitors were shown it proudly; chil- dren with eyes like saucers have passed in thousands before its case; it was almost revered. The museum’s curator | has just discovered that it is nothing more than a dummy, stuffed with rags. No blame attaches to this institution | for the deception, which had bz2en prac- ticed in the long-ago upon a Hacken- sack clergymen traveling abroad, who, with fine civic spirit, purchased the s relic for his home town. It is thus with many respected and sven revered objscts, theories and ideas. Fer years, somatimes for centuries, they sham their way along, belleved in by all and sundry. Suddenly, through ac- cident or through prejudicial snoop- ing on the part of some sceplie, and hence the conclusion that the Graf | THE EVENING STAR. WASHINGTON. D. €. SATURDAY. OCTOBER !the truth stands revealed. The | rags within the brilliantly painted outer casing of this valued and venerated supposed exemplification of an ancient theology may be taken as an indication of the worthlessness of the belief of those who, with utmost care, embalmed their dead in order that, at the throne of Osiris, they might not appear bodi- less. Rags, we know today, really would have been just as indispensable as bones and tissues. Ancient friendships persist through no other valid reason than the date of their inception. Given a crisis, a severe strain on either party, the party of the second part discovers that for long he has honored and cherished nothing | more than a sawdust-filled doll, a rag- stuffed mummy. It is so with customs and convictions long adhered to, with | certain laws, He who probes the interior of such thereby often renders himself liable to the charge of unjustifiable | suspicion, even of impiety. But the percentage of hypocrisies, of antiquities which are utier fakes, continues to be found a high one. It bshooves every one oqcasionally to go over and thor- oughly inspect his cherished ideals and ideas in order to discover if he be har- boring in his heart or mind a few dum- | mics, austere and dignified of mien, but within simply ragbags. The Hack- ensack museum has the sympathy, mingled with the chuckles, of all by rea- son of this startling discovery. It will be the beiter in the end, however, for, without doubt, it will eventually possess a genuine, A-number-one mummy, who in her life, if not a princess, was at lcast a president of the Thebes Federa- tion of Women's Clubs. e Wilson's Defender. Not much has been heard from Sen- ator Jim Reed since those early days of the campaign just after Houston when, charged with the high crime of throwing mud, he left New York and went back to Missouri. But last night in Elizabeth, N. J., he came upon the stage once more and dressed Herbert Hoover in the skin of the British lion. Then he seized the apparition by the tail and swung it madly about his head. It is always amusing and always in- teresting when Senator Jim seizes any- thing by the tail and swings it, for he always swings it madly. His address was filled with what the newspapers like to call “high points.” To follow him the listener was forced to jump from pinnacle to pinnacle, as it were. But one of these high points was particularly high, and the manner in which the speaker negotiated it without a misstep was a feat worthy of great admiration. He publicly ex- onerated the late President Wilson from connivance with Mr. Hoover in the great conspiracy to fix the price of farm products during the war and otherwise to persecute the American public, even to the extent of regulating the amount of sugar for the morning cup of coffee. That was a high point indeed, this gallant defense of the American war- time President by that great war-time Democrat—Reed of Missouri. ——— Every campaign brings forward a few names for the waiting list of the “Let's Forget It club, e reea Unidentified registration lends a dramatic element to the election. “Enter, the mysterious stranger.” ———— Unlimited money cannot encourage any political aspirant to confident hope that an election can be conducted on a cash-and-carry system. —————— Oil scandals have become more than a passing stimulation to popular resent- ment. They have become a habit. o AR SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Getting the “Low-Down.” We're envious of the Might supreme That gratifies Ambition’s dream. And yet the Caliph, as we know, Forth in a humble garb would go Saying unto his trusted friend, “Let us from empty pomp descend; For I am weary of the praise That greets me, though I know my ways | By candor might be counted queer. I must be often insincere. I'm weary of the soup and fish. I scorn the precious, polished dish. I reprehend the raiment fine ‘Where mocking valets stand in line; And all the rest of the display I meet in Flattery's array. 8o, let us study, without fear, Hi-jacker, Gunman, Racketser; Let's go by night throughout the town, Forsaking smiles, to face the frown That warns us, in the common fate, As well as Love, there must be Hate.” New Political Econemy. “Do you object to business in poli- tles?” “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum. “I could make a lot more speeches if it weren't for the high cost of radio time.” Jud Tunkins says he likes old friends, and in all this feverish argument he wonders what has become of evolution, Dream Song. ‘We have sung of the dreams That delight us anew. But sometimes the nightmares Are all that come true, A fair landscape gleams— But the taxes are due; And only the nightmares Are sure to come true. Motor Competition. “Is there much competition in the automobile industry?” “More than ever,” declared Mr. Chug- gins. “Manufacturers are now in rivalry to show not only who can build the best car, but who can put up the best politi~ cal band wagon."” “Eloquence,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is a gift of the gods, to be used with discretion. It causes an error of statement to be remembered beyond the power even of eloquence to correct it Lengthy Introduction. The chairman introduced a man ‘Who was renowned throughout the clan. We sighed, as he kept on his feet, “A chairman ought to take a seat.” “De science folks say dar is bigger suns out n space dan de one we does business wif,” said Uncle Eben. “After dat hot Summer all I asks is dat dey keeps deir distance, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. An office worker asked an associate how to spell the name of the great Roman amphitheater. “C-0-1-1-1-s-e-u-m,” spelled out the other. “That doesn't sound right to me,” re- plied the questioner. “Let's look it up.” The big dictionary was queried first of all. He couldn't find it under “col- loscum” or ‘“collaseum.” The other tried “colasseum™ in a small dictionary, with no success. ‘Then he tried ‘“coleseum.” “Well, that's funny,” said the first, in the tones of despair which come to every one who can't find what he wants in a dictionary. “I give 1t up.” The second was angry about it. Why weren't diction- aries so put_up that the man who didn’t know how to spell a word would be helped instead of hindered in his search? Suddenly the man who wanted to to the had a bright idea. He had tried 0" and “a,” now he would look for *‘coli—" Sure cnough, there it was: Coliseum. ‘The alternate spelling was given as *colosseum.” “No wonder we couldn’t find it,” growled the other. “In other wort laughed the first, “if you don’t know how to spell a word, veu are out of luck when you consult a dictionary.” * ok K Often even highly educated persons become puzzied over locating a word. If one gets off the track in the first place and geis the wrong vowel in his mind, it becomes a real difficulty to discover the correct spelling. It is as if the word desired is de- liberately hiding from the searcher. The larger the dictionary, of course, the better chance the culprit word has of escaping the eyes of justice. For this reason many persons find it expedient to keep several dictionaries at hand, ranging from the great tome to the small one, which is practically nothing but a word book. The word book thus bacomes a spell- ing book simply, a collection to which one has recourse when desiring to know correct spelling, not definition. Because there are so few words under any given letter, it become a corfpara- tively easy matter to find the fugitive. Even if one 1s forced to look at every single word, he is able to discover the missing one through sheer perseverance, something which he could scarcely do in the great dictionary, owing to its in- clusiveness. It is one thing to look through 500 words and distinctly an- other to wade through 5,000 of them. ‘Where the small dictionary too often falls down, of course, is through its very paucity. The 500 words which it gives under a certain letter, for in- stance, may be the exact 500 for which one has no use at the time being. The 501st word was the one wanted! This inadequacy of the smaller dictionaries is one which cannat be helped, since they have been abbreviated for a pur- pose, and a good purpose. The only remedy is to keep a small one, a me- dium size and a large one. Thus the diligent searcher after knowledge meets his words coming and going, and fis able to make his sclection from all the words there are, or from a few of them, as time and chance may determine. * K ok % Another good point of the abridged dictionary is that it tempts one to use it where the great unabridged, through its sheer physical proportions, deters even the most avid searcher for truth. The great dictionaries, with all due BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL ¥ ‘This is “Navy day"—also the birth- day of the man who, above all others, is credited as the great “friend of the Navy"—President odore Roosevelt. It was not merely as Assistant Secre- tary of the Navy that Mr. Roosevelt rendered it his greatest service. When the Spanish War broke he promptly resigned his connection with the Navy and entered the Army, for naval service required expert mechanical training. It was as lieutenant colonel and colonel of the Army that he won military fame, but, nevertheless, one of the most im- portant acts when he became Presi- dent was to cause Congress to double the size of the Annapolis Naval Acad- emy, double the number of cadets and, later, to cause the Navy itself to in- crease its practical efficiency by active maneuvers and target practice. ‘Then, even when diplomatic relations with Japan were strained, President Roosevelt, against the counsel of timid statesmen, sent a great fleet upon tour around the world—an unprecedented expedition—which for the first time compelled the world to recognize the power and magnificence of the United States Navy. The enthusiastic ovation which the fleet received in the harbor of Tokio did more to avert friction with Japan than all the diplomacy of years, and that ovation is still remem- bered with warm sentiments by all who experienced it. Following the great earthquake in Japan, it was the Amer- fcan Navy which was first to bring aid from the horrified world to the victims. %R A committee of Congress was study- ing the needs of the hour, and one of the members asked a naval officer if the Navy needed certain cruisers. “No,” was the quick retort; *“the country needs them.” ‘There is a radical difference between the attitude of the Navy and that of professional pacifists, so ready to criti- cize the country for maintaining a strong Navy. “The Navy believes that peace with justice can best be attained through trusting in the integrity of intention of our own country,” says Rear Admiral Frank H. Schofield. “The pacifist desires to see us weak, believing that this weakness will guar- antee pcace. The naval officer belicves in seeing us strong, believing that strength is the best guardian of peace, and that, since in international affairs we must trust some one, we can best trust the Government of the United States. The Navy belicves that to be strong 13 not to be warlike, but rather to be effective defenders of a righteous peace.” 4 L It is a common error in the mind of pacifists that the officers of the Navy seek occasions to bring on war, so that they may profit by action leading to their own promotion. Nothing is farther from the mind of a naval or Army man than a desire for war. For example, take the 5,000 Marines now in Nicaragua, far from the spot- light where heroism might attract pub- lic attention. Nobody knows the names even of the commanding officers in that jungle. There is no possible glory to be gained there, yet the Marines follow their sworn duty without protest. Has any one ever found a veteran of the World War who rejoiced at his oppor- tunity to win promotion through the dengers and hardships of no man's land? ok ok X George Washington said: “To be pre- pared for war is one of the most effec- tual means of peace.” Again, in 1796, he said: “To secure respect to a ne tral flag requires a naval force orgal ized and ready to vindicate it from in- sult or aggression. This may prevent the nccessity of going to war by dis- couraging belligerent powers from com- mitting such violations of the rights of the neutral party as may, first or last, leave no option. These considerations invite the United States to look to the means and to set about the gradual cre- ation of a navy. However pacifistic the general policy of a nation may be, it ought naver to be without an adequate atock of military knowledge for emer- gencies,” But following Washington came Pres- ’. COLLINS. respect for them, are so heavy physical- ly that many shrink from consulting them, even when they are placed on neat stands. which too often are clumsy and difficult to open. H Then, too, the mere mass of words under any letter tends to hold off him or her who has leanings toward knowl- cdge, yet who realizes full well at the same time that perhaps no one else amows how to spell any better than he oes. There are any number of words which one may misspell and “get away with it,” even in the most polite cir- cles. An ordinary trick, especially when using a pen, is to write carelessly, thus making it difficult, if not impossible, for the most critical to tell whether one meant to write the word with an “a” or an “o." There are tricks in all trades, and this is one which may be recommended when one is in doubt —and in haste. Too much cannot be said in favor of the dictionarv habit. The dictionary not only tells how to spell words cor- rectly, and their meanings, but it con- tains a fund of information on many subjects. The largest ones are veritable encyclopediz. From them may be secured much information scarcely to be found in other reference works. For instance, we do not know of an en- cyclopedia article on the flower, the zinnia. which gives the plain informa- tion that it is named after Dr. Zinn, a German botanist, yet this informa- tion many be found in the dictionaries. * ok ok * ‘The greatest single objection any one can have to consulting the dictionary is that it is a nuisance. No doubt this depends upon the individual t>mpera- ment, but it must be confessed that most persons are strangely alike in this regard. Most men will take a chance on misspelling a word rather than paw over a dictionary. Call it laziness if you will. To us it scems rather justi- fied. If one could turn instantly to the desired combination, no one would mind it, but to be forced to turn over pages and pages, when all the time one is anxious to go ahead with that train of thought—well, that is something dif- ferent, Trains of thought wait for no man. Often if one does not hop on the platform just as the observation car is passing he misses the train altogether, and the sad part of it is that most of these mental trains, unlike the real ones on tracks, never come back again. but pursue their journeys into outer space, evidently. ‘The same reluctance is often mani- fested in consulting city directorics ard telephone books. One hates to do it, just as he may shrink from riding on street cars or in crowded elevators. If one is honest with himself, he cannot blame another for this reluctance. It will do no good to call it laziness, for it is based solidly on human nature. No man, having a secretary, would look up a word for himself, or manhandle a telephone book in search of a given call combination. He would let Ger- trude do it, and he would be sensible to do so. Looking up numbers and words is a part of Gerty’s job, whereas the busy man of affairs can properly put his attention to more profitable and more pleasant use. A final word of warning: When con- sulting a dictionary, especially a large one, do not become offended if you cannot find what you want. Remem- ber that the fault is not in the dic- tionary, but in yourself; that there are only a certain number of ways it can be spelled, so try them all, one after the other; that if you can't find it after ell, ask an associate, who may have in his head the exact bit of knowl- edge you require. ident Jefferson, our first notable rncl- fist, who, asserting that there would be no more need of a navy, actually do- nated Morocco 100 of the largest gun carriages belonging to our naval vessels. He thought that thereafter, instead of men-of-war, all that we would ever need would be some gun- boats in important harbors to serve in policing the harbors, for had not the world come to a period of perpetual peace—just like in 19282 A few months thereafter our Navy was fighting against vessels of Moroccan pirates equipped with these very gun carriages we had donated. * o ok ok ‘There has been much discussion about whether Great Britain had pro- tested against our elevating our guns on our naval vessels. A few days ago Secretary Kellogg issued an official statement denying that Great Britain had ever made such a protest. That seemed to settle the dispute. Seemed! No, the government of Great Britain never did officially commit such a faux pas as to attempt to dictate to the United States that our Navy should not raise the angle of its guns, while the British navy was doing just that thing. But there are very grounds for saying that one Ramsay MacDon- ald had protested that ‘“the United States would be acting in violation or the spirit of the disarmament agree- ment” entered into at the Washington Conference in 1921, if such an increase of range be given to our guns. MacDon- ald is not the British government. Sec- retary Kellogg’s official and diplomatic statement is true technically. The eclevation of American guns is 15 per cent; it 1s proposed to elevate them to 30 per cent. Why? Until the World War it had never been possible to spot the shots of yessels by airplane observation. The angle of 15 per cent threw the shots as far as it was possible for a vessel to observe its target; it was useless to shoot beyond the horizon. To elevate the gun to 30 per cent angle would add 10.000 yards to the rangs— more than 5 miles beyond the horizon. In the World War there was fought a naval battle off the Falklands, in which two German vessels, the Scharn- horst and the Geniseau, were opposed to two British vessels, the Invincible and Inflexible. The German ships were armed with 8-inch guns, whose great- | est elevation was 15 per cent; the Bril ish ships carried 12-inch guns with an elevation of 30 per cent. The British could hit the German ships 5 miles beyond the longest range of the Ger- man shells—5 miles down below the horizon. So the British simply kept out of range of the enemy, all da long, and by evening had sunk bot! German ships without ever having come near enough to receive & hit. Today, by means of aviator observers and radio, the Navy can see over the rim of the globe, and victory sits upon the mast of the ship with the longest range, provided it is alert enough to keep beyond the limits of the range of its enemy. * ok ok ok If the campaign orators rsist in calling upon us to “return Jeffer- sonian principles,” naval experts argue, it is well to see if that means giving away our naval defense to some mod- ern “Moroccan pirates” who a little later will be fighting us with our own donations. It is fallacy to contend that the world has seen the last of wars— or would see the last if only we would accept the League of Nations, which has failed to prevent 28 wars since it was organized through the leadership of President Wilson. Mr. Wilson himself declared that not only was the hope that never again would armed force be needed in defense of civilization a fu- tile and dangerous fallacy, but he added, “Armed force is in the back- ground in this program (the program of the League of Nations), but it is in the background, and if the moral force of the world will not suffice, the physi- cal force of the world shall.” He “kept us out of war"—until after re-election—but he was never so fooled ahout the “cnd of wars” as are the e: trema pacifists who assume that all for- eign nations may be trusted never to: attack America, but that America can- tof the novel prize have been Hugh Wal- | the biographer, probably because of his o= 20178 THE LIBRARY TABLE *By the Booklover “Snapshots are the anly kind of pic- tures that can be taken of rapidly mov- ing objects. Science is moving so rapid- ly nowadays that it makes the onlook- er’s head swim to watch it.” In this way Dr. Edwin E. Slosson, director of Science Service, Washington, begins thz preface of his book, “Snapshots of | Science.” The marvelous things which | he tells in the very brief chapters of the book make one agree about the head swimming. It is hard to realize, | for example, that sound waves can be | soundless, yet one chapter is entitled | “Silent Sound Waves,” and commences: | “Sound waves so short that they can- | not be heard by the human ear, and | yet so strong that they shock fish fatally, have been produced by Prof. R. W. Wood and Alfred L. Loomis. Like many another discovery, this is a war baby.” The chapter “Wood as Food” | reassures any of us who may be nervous about our candy and ice cream supply ! in case anything should happen to sugar cane crops. Sugar cane and beets- are not necessary in order to have sugar; perfectly good sugar can be made from sawdust, and “since 20 per cent of the timber cut in all the world is now wasted in the sawdust, there is no lack of raw material.” Mod- ern science is adept in exploding old maxims. Some examples are given in the chapter “Conquered Can'ts.” Pro- | verbial wisdom tells us “you can't see | through a brick wall,” but the X-ray | manages to do it. “You can't see| around a corner,” but the periscope is | for that purpose. “You can't have roses without thorns,” but, of course, there are now thornless roses. “You ! can’t have- smoke without some fire,” but if unstoppered bottles of ammonia and hydrochloric acid are placed side by side, clouds of smoke roll up. * ok k% ‘The comparatively new science of psychology contributes its wonders. “Tantrums and Temperament” Is a chapter on the heritability of an un- | governable temper, the sort of temper which causes some people “to break out into ‘fits of temper’ at more or less regular intervals,” so that they ‘‘may smash the furniture. throw thing, about, swear at the family, slap the children, attack their best friends, or simply sulk and refuse to speak or eat— in short, ‘fly off the handie.’” But one with such an undesirable legacy may not settle down to nurse it and to use it as a means of intimidating others. By no means! He should consult a psychologist. early in life. Some col- leges are already realizing the advan- tage of psychological examinations for students. The chapter “Does Happi- ness. Outweigh Unhappiness?” shows how to carry on double-entry book- keeping of the emotions. A British psychologist, J. C. Fluegel, “induced nine men and women to keep a record of their feelings for very minute of their waking hours for a month or two. Whatever they were doing they put down, whether it was pleasant or un- pleasant, together with the degree and duration of the emotion experienced at the time. Adding up all these periods, every one of the subjects had a balance on the plus or pleasure side, from which the London profeszor concludes that ‘pleasure occupies a very considerabiy larger proportion of human life than does unpleasure.”” The heading of another chapter asks the question “Ave You Superstitious?” Prof. H. K. Nixon of Columbia University is quoted as authority for the statement that the following maxims, “ideas which in tine main have had the stamp of disapprov- al placed upon them by modern inve: tigations,” are still given much cr: dence by intelligence people; “A squar2 jaw is a sign of will power”; “A hiza forehead indicates intellectual superior- ity"; “Long slender fingers indicate an artistic nature”; “Fear is unnatural. It is & bad habit"; “A person who does not look you in the eye is likely to be dishoriest”; .Adults sometimes become feeble-minded from overstudy”; “Es- ially bright children are likely to g:cwnk and retarded physically”; “The number of a man’s senses is five"; “The study of mathematics is valuable he- cause it gives one a logical ming . telligence can be increased by training. * ok ok ok ‘The humor and cieverness of Dr. Slos- son’s popular treatment of scientific sub- jects is indicated by the headings of his chapters, some of which have already been indicated. Others are “The End of tlie World,” “Monkeying and Aping.” | “When Greenland Was Green,” “Where 1s Yesterday?” “The Science of the City Dump,” * n_ to Read,” “Candy for Cross_Kids,” “Electrons Let Loose,” “A Fool-Proof World,” “Glass From Air, “How Big Can a Star Be?” “Sunshine for Brains,” “Plant Geometry.” lectric Farming.” “Artificial Food,” ‘“Aquatic Cows,” “Hearing by Hand,” “Outnum- bered by Insects,” “How Does Poetry Affect You?" “A Census of the Soil,” “Fine Weather for Suicide,” and “Cur- ing and Killing by Tuned Rays.” L Lady Mary Montagu shares fame with Mme. de Sevigne as a letter writer. Her letters to friends when she was in Constantinople as the wife of the British Ambassador there are lengthy outpour- ings of ideas and impressions caused by her life in a city of romance and dra- matic history. These letters are the basis of her fame. Other letters were written to her daughter, Lady Bute, from the Continent, during the 22 years of Lady Mary's self-imposed exile there. From having been a brilliant leader in English social and literary circles, Lady Mary had become at 50, through the vicissitudes of fortune and the scandal- mongering of human beings, of whom Pone was one of the foremost, a sad- denad and broken woman. She secluded herself at various places on the Corti-| nent and returned to England only a| short time before her death. ‘‘Portrait of Lady Mary Montagu,” by Iris Barcy, reveals the character of this interesting womsn, as it developed from the time of her courtship by that gloomy. fault-find- ing prig, Edward Wortley Montagu, to her death. Lt A prize award in literature not as well known in this country as our own various awards is the James Tait Black Memorial Award. Two prizes are given annually under this award, one for the best novel and one for the best hiography of the year. The award was founded by the late Mrs. Janet Coats Black in memory of her husband, who was a member of the Black publishing firm of London. Each prize amounts to 250 pounds, or about $1,200. Winners pole, D. H. Lawrence, Walter de la Mare, David Garnett, Arnold Bennett, E. M. Forster, Liam O'Flaherty and, this past vear. Francis Brett Young. for his famous novel “Love Is Enough.” * ok ok Carlyle is an unfailing resource for dyspepsia and his supposed marital un- happiness, rather than because of in- terest in his philosophy. Not even the many-volumed biography of David Alec Wilson, not yet completed, with all its advantages of family connections and family papers, has served to check temporarily other biographers, with no | obvious advantages at all. Norwood Young, in “Carlyle: His Rise and Fall,” shows the Scotch philosopher as quer- ulous and quarrelsome from childhood. at ofds with the world both publicly and privately. Carlyle’s scholarship is belittled, his sincerity is impugned, his egotism is denounced. In fact, Mr. Young seems to feel considerable ani- mosity toward his subject. not be trusted to maintain peace with a “big stick.” And the only President of tho last half century about whom it can be declared that not a hostile shot was fired during his administration was the “friend of the Navy’—the author | of nearly 30,000 workers in the New Bed- What do you need to know? Is there | some point about your business or per- sonal life that puzzles you? Is there something you want to know without delay? Submit your question to Pred- eric J. Haskin, director of our Washing- ton Information Bureau. He is employed to help you. Address your inquiry to The Evining Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washing- ton, D. C., and inclose two cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Q. What ls the size of the head of Washington on the Rushmore Memo- rial in the Black Hills?>—F. B. A. The head of Washington meas- ures 80 feet from forehead to chin. Q. What are the voting require- ments in Nicaragua under the provision for a supervised election?—R. F. M. A. All male Nicaraguans over 21 or 18, if married or able to read and write, are eligible to register and vote unless disqualified for penal offense, insanity or similar disability. There is no prop- erty qualfication. Q. Can_an airplane stand still in the air>—W. C. A. It is possible for an airplane to remain in a stationary position in the air in relation to the ground, but it is not possible for a plane to remain sta- tionary in relation to thes air—that is, if an awrplane is flying at a rate of 100 miles an hour against a head wind of 100 miles an hour, the speed of the plane would be zero. Q. Can tomato juice be successfully canned, and what merits has it?— R. T. L. A. The packing of tomato juice in bottles or cans is in the experimental stage. The juice from ordinary canned tomatoes is so readily available that it is a matter of conjecture as to how great a demand there will be for canned or bottled juice. Tomato juice has merits entirely comparable to those of many other fruit juices, such as orange juice. The juice from canned tomatoes has been recommended by authoritative physicians to replace orange ‘fiulce when the latter is not readily available or is too expensive. The main constituents of the value in tomato juice are the vitamins A, B and C and mineral salts. The sugar content gives it its caloric value, forks first used?—L. McC. A. Knives, forks and spoons in their primitive form were used from very early times. The table knife became popular after the seventeenth century. During the period of transition from fingers to forks, knives were used for eating as well as for cutting. Forks were introduced into England in the sixteenth century. The custom came from Italy. Queen Elizabeth was the first English mvercifn to use a fork. Her nobles thought it a piece of great affectation and her example was only scantily followed. . Did horse cars run in City as late as 1901?—Z. Z. A. The last horse car was taken off the streets of New York City August 1, 1917. This line was the Madison Street and Avenue C. Q. Is glass porous?—A. S. A. Glass is not porous. seep through it. Q. Does it take three years for canna seeds to produce blooms?—C. H. G. A. If the seeds are sown in late Win- ter or early Spring and bottom heat is employed, blooming plants may be obtained in the same year. Q. Please give me the complete quo- tation of “If to do were as easy as to know what were good to do, if poor men's huts had been palaces,” etc.— L W. P A. The quotation about which you have inquired is from Shakespeare’s “Merchant of Venice.” It is as follows: “If to do were as easy as to know what were good to do, chapels had been churches, and poor men's cottages gr\ntea' palaces.” (From Act 1, scene ) New York J. No liquids Q. What is the height of waves of both oceans?—C. E. 8. A. Waves rarely have a greater height than 50 feet, but they appear to be much higher when seen from a ship in the open ocean. These waves fre- quently have a greater height, however, in breaking upon a rocky coast. The Bell Light on the Scottish coast, 115 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. foam and spray. The Eddystone Light- house, formerly 72 feet, had to be re- built to a height of 132 feet to prevent the waves from riding over the top of the lantern. During a storm of excep- tional duration in February, 1917, R. M. 8. P. Oruba, sailing from Southampton to the Barbados, encountered waves 45 feet high. This was in the North At- lantic. In the South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans, storm waves Bave been recorded that reached 50 feet in their fullest development. Q. How are the different flavors and colors of apples produced?—H. W. §. A. The flavors of appied are natural to different varieties, but can be in fluenced by water and excessive tree growth. Much wet weather and heavy growth shading the fruit will cause the flavor to become less pronounced. Colors are natural to fruit and can only be changed by shading or pruning to let in more light. Q. What was the first colored comic strip?—S. T. T. A. Outcault’s Yellow Kid was the fiyst comer in this field, appearing in 1895. Ilvl'lszhmws Buster Brown appeared in . Do_storms reverse, and with equal severity?—0. M. K. % A. The Weather Bureau says that this is true of the typical cyclone of the tropics, such as the hurricane of the West Indies and the typhoon of the ChMa Sea. These storms consist of more or iess circularly rotating winds about a practically calm center. Hence, when such a storm passes centrally over a given place, that plaée experi- ences strong to violent winds in the opposite direction from those of an hour previous. This statement is true also of the tornado, though in this case the duration is very much less, often only a minute or two. But it is not true of other storms, such as the wide- spread rain or snow storm of middle latitudes. Q Please name a fown having a population of 1,000 that coes not have electricity —W. C. A. A. Exeter, R. I, and Moore, Tex., are towns of about 1,000 population which do not have electricity. Q. Is it necessary for a person who rajses rabbits for fur to know how to Q. When and where were knives and | 3rade his pelts, or how to tan and dve them, so as to find a ready sale for all he grows?’—M. G. A. Sorting, grading and marketing is the specialty of the man who buys your pelts. Tanning and preparing pelts for manufacture are operations requiring many years of experience and large facilities for handling. Each specialist should be given his proper work to do. man or woman who grows the ral bits is a specialist. and need not learn the intricacies of the fur manufacturer. Q. Are slip-on gloves still in good style, and what colors are most¢ popular?—L. H. A, In the new gloves three distinct classes are noted—novelties, slip-ons (short or long) and one-button or clasp gloves. In the finer leathers, the longer slip-ons are favored. Shorter slip-ons with vents, and also one-clasp or button gloves are made in the heavier leathers, nigskin being particularly popular for these. The most popular colors are brown, navy and b'ack. Q. How many Indians are there in amMnoumry at the preesnt time?— A ‘There are 349,505, the Indian office says, an increase of approximately 16,585 in the last 10 years. Q. What are the periods in early Italian art?—M. O'T. A. The earlisst period is caled the Gothic (about 1250-1400); that from 1400-1500 Earlv Renaissance: that from 1500 to 1600 the High Renais- sance; after that the Decadence. Q. How big is the largest kite in the world?—S. M. A. What is said to be the largest single surface kite in the world has recently been made by the boys in & Los Angeles military academy. It E“gf“m more then 30 feet from tip p. Q. Did Emil Jannings play the lead- ing male role in “The Docks of New York?"—J. J. A. Emil Jannings did not play in the picture entitled “The Docks ¢! New York.” In this picture Georg: Ban- feet above the sea, is often hidden by croft was starred. Settlement of the New Bedford tex- tile strike after a long-drawn-out struggle, disastrous to all concerned, is made the occasion for pointed comment on the folly of ineffective and waste- ful methods of adjusting such contro- versies. d “It is impossible at this time to esti- mate the total cost of this strike or to predict the length of time it will tal to_recover from it,” says the Sprin field Union. “Practically all of it rep- resents a total economic loss and the strike has turned out to be merely one more illustration of the futility and waste of this method of settling in- dustrial disputes. With a different spirit in evidence on both sides in the beginning flthe ‘huge ;ofijmd the ;lld;- spread suffering an ury caus tge strike could have been lvuldu{ The settlement now agreed upon or one equally satisfactory could just as readily have been reached apparently without one day's cessation of work.” The Asheville Times reasons that “such an industrial war is no more defensible than armed conflict to set- tle international disputes that could be settled around a conference table,” and continues: “If nations could be forced to pay in advance the cost of wars, it wnuldy be one of the most powerful guarantees of peace. If the emplo{:n and employes of the New Bedford tex- tile mills could have foreseen the course of their conflict over wages, they would unquestionably have compromised last April rather than now.” B In its discussion of the cause of the trouble, the Chicago Daily News ex- plains that “the strike was a protest against a 10 per cent reduction in wages, but the workers also resented the fallure of the employers to give them notice of the intended action.” Although forced to accept a compromise on the wage question, the strikers won a clear-cut victory in their grievance against lack of proper notification of | the proposed reduction, as the News ex- plains: “What finally led the seven unions represented in the council to vote in favor of a return to work under the reduced wage scale was an addi- tional concession of the manufacturers, who promised to give 30 days’ notice of any future contemplated change in their employes’ pay.” The strike could have been prevented, the Chicago pnfl:r contends, by “more effective arbitration and mediation machinery.” Observing that “one would not easily find an example of a strike that so completely failed to pay any one con- cerned,” the Brooklyn Daily Eagle is interested in the fact that “the strike has shown how well the country could get along for cotton goods during al- most half a year without the services ford mills,” and pictures the entire in- dustry of the city as having to address itself “to the difficult task of recaptur- ing a market that has temporarily gone clsewhere. It will require the workers Textile Strike Settlement Lesson in Wasteful Methods ployes,” says the Columbus Ohio State Journal. “Conditions in the textile fields have not been good, Massachusetts mills have been forced to meet the most vig- orous competition from the mills in Southern States, where wages helped lower the cost of production.” But even in the face of this depression in busi- ness, adds the Ohio State Journal, “due consideration of the facts was not iven, conferences were not held, in- formation was not provided. there was an absence of a frank exchange of views,” and ‘hence the damaging strike. * x x x Contending that “the .worker is not a plece of machinery any more than the ‘employer is a plece of machinery,” but that “he is a vital part of the in- dustry and the success of the industry deglends not only upon his technical skill, but on his encrgy and his good will and his eagerness to advance the industry,” the Haverhill Evening Ga- zette declares its belief that “9 work- ers out of 10 are willing to adjust themselves to the needs of the industry, because they know that their own wel- fare depends on the vigor of the in- dustry. They must, however, be con- vinced that the adjustment is neces- sary,” this paper concludes as it advo- cates “mutual open-mindedness, mutual willingness to understand each othei desires” for both employer and e ploye. Giving the strike a bearing on poli- tics in its expression of opinion, the Miami Daily News asks: “If, as Mr. Hoover says, the issue in this political campaign js prosperity, how would he expect the Bedford textile workers with their wage cut, to vote? And the farm- ers, their ‘wages’ cut this year by a re duction of upwards of 35 per cent in the price of corn and wheat?>" UNITED STATES N WORLD WA Ten Years Ago Today. Germany replies that her people now rule and she awaits proposals for an armistice. * Austria is “concilia- tory” and her note is prepared and immediately follow Germany’ Ludendorft resigns and the Reichstag takes the military reins. London regards the move as heralding the acceptance of any armistice terms. for ice. * * * Shouts of cate!” greet reference to Kaiser's “ban ful influence” in the Reichstag. * * * A marked advance is made by the French troops on the 15-mile front be- tween the Oise and Serre Rivers. Many villages fall and at certain point: advance amounted to 5 miles. * * * Allied troops advance in Italy as the passage of the Piave River is forced by Italian and British troops and 2,000 pris- oners are taken. * * * Gen. Allenby’s and the owners to do their utmost to come back,” predicts this paper, as it advises both sides in the strike that “they have so strong an interest in com- mon that they may well dismiss an- tagonism and work together.’ The “half year of idlencss” of the. of the advice, “Speak softly and carry a big stick!" #Copyrizbt. 1928. by Paul V. Collins.) textile mills around New Bedford, | Mass., “has been a costly and burden- ' some experience for mill owners and em- S army captures Aleppo and the Constan- tinople-Bagdad line is :unn)luo‘rll- British aj losul. mia as the southeast of Valenciennes and Germans lose heave fly. * * * Pive hundred and twentye six casualties on list given out today— 192 killed in action, 137 dead wounds and disease and 190