Evening Star Newspaper, October 21, 1928, Page 40

o o Y — {THE EVENING STAR ith Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. BUNDAY.......October 21, 1028 .THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening SL:r Ntw;mper Company usine siness Of 11th St and Pennsylvanta Ave Office: 110 East 42nd,St. Rate by Carrier Within §he Erenine star he Evening and vhen 4 Sun the City. 45¢ per month Sunday Star s) 60c per month nday Star ) 65 per month Sc per ecpy e at the end of cach month Orders may be sent in by mail or telenhone Main 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ¥r. $10.00; 1 mo.. 85¢ $6.00: 1 mo.. S0¢ $4.00: 1 mo. 40¢ Dail Daily only Sunday only All Other States and Canada. Datly and Sunday..1 yr. $12.00; mo., $1.00 1 Daily only .. 1y .00 1 mo., i5¢ Sunday only ..... 1 yr. $5.00: 1 mo. S50c ‘Member of the Associated Press. “The Associated Press is «Xclusively entitlea to the use for republication of all 1 ews ais- atches credited to it or not otnerwise cred- ted in this paper and also the .ocal rews published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved ~ s The Final Fortnight. While it is an established tradition of @merican politics that as the day of election approaches all activities of the campaign must be intensified, with every possible speaker engaged on the stump, 1t may be doubted whether many votes are really “made” through oratory and argument in the final stage of the fight— that is to say, it is doubtful if any con- siderable number of people are swayed from thefr already adopted opinions by the persuasions of the candidates or their spokesmen. On the contrary, there is a certain degree of danger, recognized by all the experienced political cam- paigners, that votes may be lost through indiscreet expressions, undue frankness, awkward admissions. The fight in the last two weeks is thus one chiefly of arousal and defense. The speeches are designed not so much %o win converts as to hold the lines and to spread enthusiasm. There may be some positive effect in the appearance of the candidates themselves. The red- fire feature of the campaign is a factor in stimulation. Laggard partisans are aroused. Doubting Thomases may be brought into line. The personality of the candidate may stir latent inclina- tions. But the camdidate can present himself to only a very few of the elec- torate, speak as diligently as he will, cover as wide a yange as he may. He can in these modern times reach mil- lions with his voice through the radio, but that, it is now well recognized, is not the shme as a personal platform contact. By this time in the campaign the electorate is pretty well set in its mind as to the rascality of the ins and the virtues of the outs; as to the wisdom of the proposals and the validity of the promises of the contenders; as to the justice of charges and the authenticity o©f “whispers.” The most important question is that of keeping up the party spirits, of making every voter feel that his presence at the polls on election day is essential and of assuring victory 1f every voter does his duty on-election I3 b hort of the springing of last-minute campaign surprises upon the “opposi- tion,” the final fortnight of endeavor is thus in the line of advertisement rather than assault. If one side or the other has something “up its sleeve” in this campaign there may be some excite- ment in the concluding days. That is something, as Lord Dundreary was wont to say, that “no fellow can find out” until after it has happened. If there is nothing in the wind in this line the present campaign will pass on to elec- tion day with much reverberation of the air, with much calling of names, with much exhaustion of the vocal chords of speakers and a corresponding exhaustion of the ears of hearers, and with precious little effect in the influ- encing of waverers—unless it be ad- versely. And so the days will wax and wane to the morning of November 6, and then the voters, who are probably 8t this time rather well “set” in their minds, will go to the polling places and cast their ballots, and another great referendum will have been effected and the country will be safe again. — ‘The small boy no longer thinks of running away to go to sea. He goes about his studies, tries to master his mathematics and looks to his physical condition, in the hope of becoming a radio expert. ] Tourists desirous of becoming ac- quainted wtih the beauties of America are now studying the Zeppelin's won- derful facilities for a sight-seeing tour. e Disgraced Deerslayers. An out-of-season deer has just cost ® Petersburg, Va, hunter—one cannot correctly say sportsman—an even hun- dred days in jail. The district game warden had been gathering evidence against this man for almost a year. Another Virginian was recently given the same sentence. Both of the terms behind bars were in addition to fines @ssessed. i ‘These men must have been hardened offenders, suspected of a good deal more wrong-doing than could be pinned on them. At first the combination of penalties seems rather drastic, but it can safely be said that the offenses of poaching and of illegal slaughter of hoofed, feathered and finned game could be reduced to a negligible mini- mum by this method of punishment if followed consistently by every State in the Union. ‘Without a thorough study of the various game laws to ascertain the of- fenses for which imprisonment may be or must be the penalty, it can be said that the simple fine system must al- ways remain more or less of a failure. What does a well-to-do offender against the causes of conservation and sports- manship care about the chance of a fine of, say, a hundred dollars? Many of them care as little as they do for the stigma which attaches to the mis- demeanor. A man who is determined to have his “sport,” come what may, will regard a possible fine as a variable figure in the expenses of his trip. But & jail term—that is a far different thing. That, if it does not deter in edvance, cures once and for all. Traffic offenders get off with fines \mtil a certain repefition of the offense; then it is the calaboose for them. It should be thus with game and fish hogs. It may seem, at first glance, | pretty hard to deprive a man of his liberty for an out-of-season buck or for a few dozen short fish. Yet in obtain-| | ing these he has committed an oflensel against every sport-loving fellow citizen | of his Commonwealth, and, furthermore, | against every visitor who enters its boundaries for sporting purposes. It s easler than ever to get away with such a deed in these days of fast cars and good roads, and the game laws | should be thereby tightened up all along | the line. If an angler knew positively | that when, with more than one short | trout in his creel—the average warden | will excuse one, but not more—or with | illegally obtained deer or pheasant, he encounters an officer of the law. it} | means a sure incarceration, how many | such would be taken in a year in these | | United Staies? The answer is. mighty few. and Virginia evidently intends to {see to it that that condition obtains | {within her borders. Let such heavy and invariable penalties be general for | a while, and hunting and fishing both | would soon be so excellent that no one | would even care to take a chance. Nor might it be a bad idea, provided jail ac- | commodations were adequate, to make | such sentences always begin with the opening of the next legal season. Such | would automatically provide a double penalty. e Governor and Capital. If by his statement regarding the District of Columbia finances, made in the course of his speech at Sedalia, Mo., last Tuesday, Gov. Smith meant to iru- ply that the Federal Government bears the whole cost of maintaining the Dis- trict of Columbia, he has only expressed what a great many people in the United States have in the past been led to think. Of course, all Washingtonians | know better, and a few of the people of | the States at large also know that it is not true that the United States Gov- emment is the sole supporter of the ‘Washington municipal organization. Some members of Congress have in the past betrayed their belief on newly com- ing to the legislative halls that the District is in no dogree self-supporting, and it has in some cases taken a long time to correct this impression. During the many years that the half- and-half principle obtained in the di- vision of cost of District government be- tween local and Federal funds there came into existence a state of mind on the part of the people of the country generally that the District was not merely a ward of the United States Government, but a wholly dependert one. Whenever the subject of District maintenance arose in Congress and a discussion on the subject attracted at- tention outside, it was not uncommon to find expressions of surprise that the District people paid anything at all toward the upkeep of their administra- tion. Of course, Gov. Smith's statement at Sedalia, like the flowers that bloom in the Spring, had nothing to do with the case of Federal finances, economies or extravagances. Certainly if one werc to apply historical accuracy to the mat- ter the deduction would be quite the reverse of that which Gov. Smith drew from the record of District costs. For during the period mentioned, that be- tween 1921 and 1928, Congress repudiat- ed its own agreement as written in the form of the substantive law pledging a forty per cent contribution to the Dis- trict’s maintenance cost, and without formal revision of the act set up a lump sum provision, whereby it effected a large saving of Federal funds in the face of a large increase in expenditure of District funds, accompanied by large payments of Federal taxes by District residents. In short, the increased cost of District living to the District of Columbia during that period as a mat- ter of fact was attended by a decreasc in the cost of District living to the United States. This is perhaps too complicated a matter to be bothered about by a can- didate for office engaged in a stumping tour. Praiseworthy protests are being voiced by citizens' organizations of the District with demands that Gov. Smith correct his error, demands which he probably will never hear, or if hearing will never heed. Because, as a matter of fact, all this is simply small change. However great may be the importance of the matter of fiscal relations between the District and the United States to the residents and taxpayers of the Dis- trict, it is a featherweight in the scales of national campaigning. For the peo- ple of the District have no votes, and however high their indignation may rise, they cannot express themselves at the polls, a fact of which Gov. Smith is perhaps still unaware, as he seems to be of the fact that the District of Co- lumbia is far more nearly self-support- ing than the law requires. —r———————— Politics is now starting a search for the perfect man who never mispro- | nounces a syllable or splits an infini- tive. The demand for purity in public life extends even to purity of language. — cav——— The Chinese Fossils. A dispatch from Peking states that the Chinese authorities have released the eighty-five crates of fossils ex- cavated in the Gobi Desert by th: Andrews expedition and seized and held temporarily on the protest of the Chinese historical preservation commis- sion. It was urged by that commission that curios of the character unearthed by the Andrews party should remain in China. It was also intimated by the Peking political commission which joined in the protest that the leader of the expedition had explored for oil de- posits as well as for fossils. Now the | matter is apparently gettled in favor of the explorers, so that unless the au- thorities at Peking change their minds —which Chinese authorities have been known to do frequently in the past— the great collection will be shipped to this country for study, mounting and exhibition. There is some reason for sympathy with the protest of the Chinese histori- cal preservation commission against the removal of these fossils. In one sense they belong to the Chinese soil. But they are not exclusively a matter of in- terest to China. Indeed, their removal to another place, one in which there are facilities for their study, is in the interest of science. There is no particular likeness be- tween the fossils of the Gobi Desert and ’ THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON., D. C.,. OCTOBER 21 1028 _PART &% the treasures of the tomb of King Tut- ankh-Amen brought to light a few years ago in Egypt. The Egyptian treasures were man made, were, indeed, part of the history of Egypt. And it was right and proper that they should be kept in that land in the environment of their origin. The creatures that perished in the Gobi Desert, and the bones of which have just been found after many cen- turies, were not necessarily peculiar to the soil. Those bones are not part of the history of China any more than of the history of other lands. Fossils of the remains of giants have been found all over the world. Those of the Gobi Desert are larger than any previously unearthed. Their real importance lies not, however, in their size but in their exceptionally fine state of preservation, and therefore the opportunity is afford- ed by them for a study that will throw light upon the state of life upon the carth in far remote times. This study could be conducted in China, but it is assured that it would be far more ef- fectively conducted in this country and it is to that end that these old, old bones be brought here for research and for final exhibition. —————— The New York stock ticker has so much businéss to handle at present that some inventor may be persuaded to devise some means of speeding up the stock ticker—which, as time saving is now practiced, is a rather slow old piece of machinery. BN N e Students who smoked and played poker on the platform while Aimee McPherson was speaking evidently did no more than convince the speaker that she had an evangelical duty to perform with plenty of raw material to work on. e — It is only a little over two weeks until the close of the campaign. The American public will, at least, agree that it has seemed a long, hard Au- tumn. s Lindbergh is on a bear hunt in Mex- ico. He my be back in time to join his friend, Mr. Hoover, in an exciting Man- hattan tiger chase. ] A few listeners are becoming ear- fagged and are inclined to regard as a whisper what is in reality a loud roar. e Sufficient vociferation is in evidence to dispel suspicion of a ‘“whispering campaign.” e T — SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Sun and Moon. Lookin’ for the sunshine ‘To brighten all our days— For the genial glow, That we surely know ‘Will help us on our ways. Lookin® for the sunshine And the hopes that will abound— Not the regret That is often met When the “moonshine boy" round. comes Elusive Charm. “You have charmed the multitude by your eloquence.” “I hope so,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “Every audience likes .a good monologue. All I ask is that every member of the crowd will vote the way he applauds.” The Vacillating Mind. Every time he hears a speech He is convinced, I'll say! ‘When some one else comes on to preach He'll think the other way. Jud Tunkins says the best part of the average speech, to his mind, is the part where the orator says, “and, in conclusion.” Political Agreement. “I understand your wife always votes the same way that you do.” “You haven't got it quite right,” said Mr. Meekton. “I always vote the same way that she does.” “A dream of wealth” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “brings other dreams which may not so easily come true.” — Difference of Opinion. The candidates upon parade Leave us both gay and sad. None's quite so good as he’s portrayed— " And none is quite so bad. “De test of a good husband,” said Uncle Eben, “comes on pay day, when a man decides whether he loves his family mo’ dan he does a crap game.” UNITED STATES N WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today. American forces take Rappes Wood and Hill 299 after a regiment of En- gineers drop their picks to fight in- fantry. The Germans are sending fresh divisions to check the Americans, and they regard the Meuse front as the most vital part of the whole Western front * * * Allies continue to push for- ward on a wide front, sweeping North- ern Belgium and forcing the German armies back upon Ghent and the Scheldt. The British today are 2 miles away from Valenciennes, while the An- glo-American forces smash ahead fur- ther south * * The enemy is re- sisting desperately and sacrificing his reserves recklessly to prevent a gen collapse of his northern lines * French troops have reached the Danube River, just about 50 miles southeast of the Austrian border * * * The story is now being told as to how the Germans fooled the Bulgarians. They told them that London was besieged and they celebrated officially the “Kaiser’s entry into Paris.” * * * The German reply to President Wilson's latest note is not satistactory to the American Govern- ment and will result in no immediate move by the President toward restora- tion of peace * * * 1,543 casualties on lists given out today, including 256 killed in action and dead from wounds, 1,070 wounded, and 127 missing. vt — Who Will Be? the Victim From the Canton Daily News. The big question today is which Na- tional League team will lose four straight to the Yankees next Fall. e And How? From the Roanoke World-News. They say hotel rates must be high to pay for the towels guests sieal. But how can a guest get away with 3 towels? . 0ld, Old Friends. From the Detrolt News. Popular songs are being written now that haven't been written for a hundred yearm Bishop of “I spake unto thee in thy pros- perity, but thou saidst, I will not hear.” “Perils of Prosperity.” “Prosperity is the acid test of char- acter.” This is a sentence recently received from a very active man in | business. It is a striking observation and one that is exceedingly pertinent to the present period. The consensus of | opinion is that at no time in the his- | tory of this Nation, if indeed of any nation, has prosperity been more gen- eral than at the present time. Is it possible that it may dull our finer sensi- bilities, check our enthusiasm for and obedience to the old and well tested amenities and conventions and render | us immune to the appeal of that which is best and noblest in our individual jand corporate life? Observation con- ! firms the fact that the strain of ad- | versity brings out and develops the better and nobler qualities of our na- ture. We have seen men and women pass through deep waters, through sor- rows that seemed to crush them, emerge from their mishaps and mis- fortunes the better and the nobler. On the other hand, we have repeatedly seen men and women pass through periods of unprecedented prosperity and as the result disclose weaknesses of character that were utterly foreign to them in other and less prosperous days. Habits of self-discipline and self-control, the exercise of a large charity and a fine generosity seem to g0 when once prosperity enters in. It has been repeatedly demonstrated in | our national life that in days when | adversity was upon us, or some severe trial was at hand, we gave evidence of a moral stability and strength and a courage to endure that was not com- mon to us in other periods. We rose to sublime heights of spir- itual vision during the World War, and the whole Nation felt a freshened im- pulse—old lines of division, old cleav- ages, seemed for the while to be healed, and with a common purpose and a com- mon endeavor we set ourselves to the great task of making America fit to con- tribute its part to the stabilization of the world. Men said under the pres- sure of this great epochal movement, “‘America can never be the same once the war is ended.” Patriotism and loyalty to high ideals received a new expression and religious zeal a fresh- ened impulse. It was the shadow of a universal catastrophe that bound us all together in ties of a great fellow- EVERYDAY RELIGION BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D. Washington ship. Can we say that the years that have folowed, that have been marked by the greatest prosperity in the his- tory of this Nation, have been marked by a like fervor and enthusiasm. a like zeal and aspiration after spiriual ideals? We do not hold with those who be- lieve that religion has lost its per- suasive power in our day and genera- | tion, nor do we believe that, taking | the country be and large, we are un- responsive to a spiritual appeal. The reconstruction period has found us full of speculations concerning old ways and old truths. We are bound to believe that out of the present seeming con- fusion we shall presently emerge upon a better and fairer day. While this is | our best hope concerning the immedi- | ate future, nevertheless there is wide- spread need today of quickening and stimulating our spiritual hopes and as- pirations. Our youth in particular need to be reminded by those of us of more mature years and wider experience thaf prosperity is not the surest evidence of a wholesome and sound condition. It prosperity means the loss of moral fiber, if it means the loss of those things that stabilize and strengthen character, if 1t takes from us apprecia- tion of the refinements of life, if it renders us immune to the appeal of spiritual ideals, then it must issue in & situation fraught with grave peril to our future happiness and peace. God has abundantly blessed this land; He has blessed it far beyond our deserving. Our amazing advance makes us the envy of the world. Shall we not be- lieve that our growth in material things lays upon us a moral obligation to | maintain those ideals that have distin- guished us in the past? Let us be re- minded of the ancient words, “Where there is no vision the people perish.” Let us be reminded of the fact that we | have reached the supremest heights of | dignity and power when we have recog- | nized most fully our deep religious obli- gations. Studying our situation in the light of our own history, and of the history of other nations, let us be re- minded that “righteousness exalteth a nation, and sin is a curse to any people.” Let us take the material gifts t] are ours in abundance and xoguse thl;:: that they shall enrich us morally and spiritually. Let us translate our ad- vance in such terms that America shall continue to be what God designed it to be, the interpreter to the world of all that is best and finest in corporate and individual life. BY WILLIAM HARD. ‘The Republican invasion of the solid Sonth, at this week end, continues and accumulates. It is a signpost to the fundamental nature of the whole presi- dential campaign of this year. Senator Borah, Monday night, speaks at Dallas, Tex. Representative Fort of New Jersey, secretary of the Republican national committee, is scheduled pres- en:ly to speak at Greensboro, N. C,, and at High Point, N. C. Mrs. Willebrandt may descend upon Danville, Va., and also upon Durham, N. C. It is possible further that a hailstorm of minor speakers may be let loose by the Repub- licans throughout Virginia in the last days of the contest. ‘These forays, and many other similar ones with them, will be official. They will proceed directly from Republican national headquarters. Additionally, and quite beyond them, there are the numerous Northern prohibition exhort- ers brought boldly down into the South- land by the Southern anti-Smith Demo- crats. It is manifest that the menacing word “carpet-bagger” has ceased to strike the Northern political invader dead at the gateways of Dixie. It is manifest and admitted, on top of &ll this, that both political parties today are equally soliciting the votes of the colored population. The Repub- licans have to do it in order to hope to carry States like Tennessee. The Democrats have to do it in order to hope to carry States like New York. Both parties in fact are doing it with virtually parallel zeal virtually every- where. At this writing it is an open question which party in the end will draw to itself a majority of the suf- frages of our colored voting citizens. * X ok ok ‘These two facts—the presence of Re- publican foxes in the vineyard of the South and the presence of Democratic wolves in the sheepfold of the colored vote—attest a revolution in American politics. It is further attested by the contin- ued unchecked activity of Mrs. Wille- brandt. Criticlsm of her within the Republican party has been almost wholly overborne — everywhere except in the Northeast—by a roar of Republi- can approval. The Republicans have no speaker more demanded by local Re- publican committees and clubs than Mrs, Willebrandt. This is partly because, sentence for sentence, she can speak more pepper and mustard than any other speaker in the Republican ranks. If ever a woman'’s tongue came to its feminine own in politics, for audacious pith and point, it is Mrs. Willebrandt's. The more fundamental reason, how- ever, for the multitudinous requests for her services is that the local Republi- can committees and clubs in most, parts of the country realize perfectly that their main chance for carrying their communities for Hoover lies precisely in the sort of message that Mrs. Wille- brandt spreads. Mrs. Willebrandt does not talk Prot- estantism, but she does talk a proposi- tion which has become inextricably in- terwoven with Protestantism in this country. She talks, with almost fa- natical fervor and with a religious im- pulse, the proposition of the outlawry of liquor. How deeply this idea has pene- trated into American Protestantism can be seen in an extraordinary remark made recently by the editor of that out- standing Protestant periodical, the Christian Century of Chicago. He has been quoted as publicly stating that the opposition to the liquor trafic “is a more vital article in the real creed of effective American Protestantism than the belief in the virgin birth of Christ.” Against feeling so extreme the cou ercries of “bigotry” and “intolerance” are beating largely in vain. Eminent gentlemen of the highest national con- sideration are about to publish full- page advertisements in our newspapers decrying the activity of our Protestant churches in politics and in effect sum- moning the United States to elect Gov. Smith to the presidency as a proof of the subsidence or disappearance among us of religion as a factor in public af- fairs. That blow is known to the Re- publicans to be on its way to the news- paper offices. Mrs. Willebrandt never- theless is eagerly permitted to continue and to expand her career. * ok ok ok Senator Borah, greatest of Republi- can speakers, less armed with the stilet to than Mrs. Willebrandt, but more armed with the majestic battle-ax, is, in fact, propagating Yrecisely the same gospel that Mrs. Willebrandt purveys, only doubled. Senator Borah talks, indeed, about farm relief and about the resplendent intellectual talents of Herbert Hoover, but those efforts on his gnrt are merely incidental. The big burden of his prophesying is prohibition plus. The plus is anti-immigration. These two themes are deliberately the prime themes at this moment of Senator Borah's eloguence. They are two, but they are aimed at one and the same target. They are almed at the voting element which has for its twin connected achievements in recent Republican Invasion of the South Most Striking Phase of Campaign American politics the pulling down of the saloon bars and the putting up of the immigration bars. That element is equally against the legalized liquor seller and the thirsty European incomer. Sentor Borah is firing for it with both barrels. And now note: He is firing for 1932 as much as for 1928. This campaign cannot be under- stood except through the consideration of its calculated bearing upon future campaigns. Senator Borah is not traversing the solid South with any conviction that he can produce in it any basic turn- over toward Republicanism this year. The cynical computators in Republican national headquarters do not flatter themselves with any genuinely glitter- ing prospects in any solid Southern State this year, except possibly North Carolina. Their mouths are open for miracles elsewhere, but they would count them miracles. L ‘The Republican invasion of the solid South—this year's most momentous political event—is in truth and at bot- tom for reasons which are not direct but indirect. In the first place, the stir in the South produces sound-waves of tumul- tuous and romantic encouragement to the Republican forces in the anti-liquor West. In the second place, the Republicans begin to realize that in 1932 they may n‘eelolj the Southland acutely and cru- clally. Smith may lose this battle, but he is creating a formidable alignment for battles to come. The territory on the general line from Baltimore to Boston is indubitably wet. The territory on the general line from Chicago to Butte, if one may judge by recent referendums and similar inci- latter line is concentrated also, as it happens, the fiercest fires of the agricul- tural and “Progressive” revolt. Along both lines Smith has dug him- self in with a strength which seems doubtlessly destined—barring accidents— to increase. He carries all three of the banners necessary. He has qualified, to La Follette and Farmer-Laborite eyes, as a “Progressive.” He has qualified as a friend to the “principle” of McNary-Haugenism and of the Northwestern farmer’s own con- ception of his own salvation. He has qualified as the supreme critic of prohibition. * ok K % Hoover, if President, will be abso- lutely unsatisfactory to the “Progres- sives,” both in his domestic and in his foreign policies. He will have a Con- gress on his hands which by present prospects may be heavily loaded and listed toward McNary-Haugenite no- tions. He will have the utmost difficulty —as would any other President—in making the Volstead law actually ef- ficient anc effective in the degree de- sired by its supporters, Smith has prepared himself to be able then to make a thousand speeches on Those speeches will threaten Repub- lican supremacy in the Northeast and in the Northwest even more drastically and dangerously than Smith's speeches threaten it now. To the line—thereupon—from Balti- more to Boston and to the line from Chicago to Butte the Republicans will urgently and vitally need to oppose some new-found strength along the line from Richmond to San Antonio. If Smith loses and Hoover wins, that will be the probably fundamental out- come of the contest between them; and Senator Willlam Edgar Borah of Idaho, the irregular Republican, the Re- publican Senator most applauded by his Democratic senatorial colleagues, speak- ing now at Dallas, Tex, to Democrats, becomes this campaign’s most dramatic projection of itself into the davs to come. (Copyright, 1928.) ——e—a Graf Zeppelin Flight Marks Aviation Advance BY HARDEN COLFAX. Adventurers who cruise in the clouds grip the imagination vividly, but the romance woven around such voyages as the transoceanic flights of the Graf Zeppelin soon must give way to consid- erations of a practical character. Alr transportation over the ocean is not likely to displace steamship lines; the inherent obstacle of limited lifting capacity is sufficient explanation. What the future really holds as to commercial possibilities of transport by lighter- than-air machines is a matter of con- Jecture. But there is no doubt that the great nations are turning rapidly toward the construction of rigid airships. The Graf Zeppelin, the third of its general Lype to cross the Atlantic westward, is larg- er than any constructed heretofore. Its flight, the longest on record, taught many lessons of value as to safely, use and anti-immigration sectors of the dents, is increasingly damp. Along that | the great and grand text, “I told you | ot Capital Sidelights In tlLe interests of Republican party success in the coming election, House. Leader Tilson, in charge of the Hoover speakers bureau in the East, has found it advantageous to correct one of Amer- ica's greatest humorist-philosophers— | Mark Twain. According to Mr. Tilson's | version, Mark Twain, in “A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur’s Court,” hu- morously discussed the tariff from the | non-protectionist standpoint, but never~ “hr\h’ss with logic and sound argument. 1f the hypnothesis upon which he based the logic had been equally correct. transmuted Connecticut Yankee, who had become “the boss” at King Arthur's court, is represented as discussing pro- tection with a peasant of a neighboring protectionist country: hy, look here, | don't you see? Your wages are merely | higher than ours in name, not in fact,” says the Yankee, speaking, of course, |of the wages in King Arthur's realm and those in the peasant’s own country. “Hear him! They are the double—ye have confessed it yourself.” “Yes, yes, I don't deny that at all,” | says the Yankee. “But that's got noth- | ing to do with it; the amount of the wages in mere coins, with meaningless names attached to them to know them | by, has got nothing to do with it. The | thing is, how much can you buy with your wages? That's the idea. * * * What I say is this: With us half a dollar buys more than a dollar buys with you—and therefore it stands to reason and the commonest kind of com- mon sense that our wages are higher than yours.” “Here is a sound argument against protection,” says Mr. Tilson, “if the facts were correctly stated, but the great humorist unfortunately made up his facts to fit his argument instead of changing his theory to fit the facts. Mark Twain wrote this in the eighties and undoubtedly was aiming at the tariff controversy then raging in the United States. There are no figures showing the relative buying power of wages in this country and abroad at | that time, and as there was then no { League of Nations, Labor Office or Bu- reau of Labor Statistics to gather such data it must be presumed that the humorist had ncne at his command. | Consequently he based his logic on an entirely false premise—that protection, in this country at least, had raised liv- ing costs more than it had raised wages, while the facts are that wages have increased under protection much faster than the cost of living.” =5 One of the most brilliant minds in the present Congress is Representative Finis J. Garrett of Tennessee, who will be missing from the Seventy-first Con- gress because he was an unsuccessful aspirant for the Senate. However, he has left behind him several gems of oratory that will be quoted in school text books for many years to come. Here is a sample, from one of his speeches on “Our Government”: “I do not wish to think of the re- public as a painting upon canvas, the color of which will fade in the sunlight or the fiber of which will rot in the rain. I wish rather to think of it as a great mosaic composed of 8 and 40 imperishable gems, each lustrous with its own local beauty and color, so ce- | mented together with love and law and human reason as to be itself indestruet- ible, however violently human passions may beat against it.” * kK K In response to a request there s here printed Gen. Pershing’s tribute to the Army mule: “You can pack him, drive him, or ride him; you can starve him, beat him, and neglect him—you can do all sorts of things to him that you cannot do to an automobile, and he will be there just as long as he has four legs to walk on. “It was a pitful sight during the war to see horses and mules, splendid and faithful to the last, drop by the road- side, exhausted from lack of food or shot to pieces by artillery.” of fue] and otherwise. The capacity of its glant gas bags is 3,500,000 cubic feet. Great Britain is building two air- ships which will have a capacity of 5,000,000 cubic feet each. Patriotic Amer- icans need not fear that the United States is lagging in this development, for the Navy Department, by authority of Congress, has awarded contracts for the construction of two rigid airships with a gas capacity of 6,500,000 cubic feet. Until these have been completed, the Los Angeles, which originally was a younger sister of the present Graf Zeppelin, remains the largest heavier- than-air craft flying the American flag, its gas containers holding 2,500,000 cubic feet. ot Whatever may remain to be done before rigid airships assume regular schedules in world transportation, there is no doubt they have an immense value in stimulating interest in avia- tion and are excellent advertising me- dia. So true is this that nations rated as first class will be compelled to enter | this fleld to maintain national pres- tige. The two British airships under construction are destined for service between England and India and Eng- land and Africa. Naturally they will serve as excellent propaganda for the | greatness of the British Empire. The advance of aviation is remarkable. It is not yet quite 25 years since the Wright brothers made their famous flight in a heavier-than-air machine at Kitty Hawk. The United States is pre- paring to celebrate that event, for Presi- dent Coolidge has issued invitations to some 50 nations of the world to attend an International Civil Aeronautics Con- ference in December. At that time there will be a three days’ meeting in | Washington preceded by an aeronautics exhibition to be held in Chicago and followed by a pilgrimage to Kitty Hawk on December 17. There is little doubt that aviation is coming back to this country as a leader. There are more than 60 com- panies engaged in the manufacture of airplanes in the United States. Their output is in excess of what can be absorbed by this country, even on the tide of increasing interest in aeronautics, and special attention is being given to the export market. * K K K Thanks to the round-the-world flight of the Army aviators, the dramatic solo flight of Lindbergh and his subsequent good will tour, and to the accomplish- ments of other American aviators, the eyes of other nations, particularly those to the south, have turned toward the United States as the source of supply for airplanes. In the first six months of this year the number of airplanes exported exceeded the total number for the 12 months of 1927. The export fleld is important to any country yearning for a major place in aviation because it helps assure factory capacity. It may be that the production of lighter-than-air machines will be stimu- lated in this country by the success of the westward voyage of the Graf Zeppelin, Rear Admiral Willlam A. Moffatt, chief of the Bureau of Aero- nautics of the Navy, foresees the time when experience and improved terminal facilities will make it possible for rigid airships to run on practically regular schedules even in bad weather. His glimpse of the future of this type of aviation in the United States was ex- pressed in these words: “The Navy, by constructing the two 6,500,000-cubic-foot airships, will make it practicable for commercial inter- ests to carry on this new and important means of transportation and communi- cation by building others like them.” No lighter-than-air machines now oi:ernte commercially on regular sched- ule. The number of lines transporting passengers and freight with heavier- than-air planes is large, and growing, nearly 65,000 miles being covered al- ready. German lines are most numer- ous; the American lines cover 15,000 miles. Nearly all the foreign companies enjoy government subsidiaries, ranging from 50 to 95 per cent of their operat- ing expenses—a factor to be considered in nuglnf comparative growth of such services, for the American lines exist solely upon private capit; (Copyright, 1928. The | Brother Dowley, | A general realignment of State boun- daries, including the creation of new | States and, perhaps the disappearance of some, is a possibility. Whether or not i the consolidations would equal the di- visions is uncertain, but any such plan would be more likely to add stars to the blue field of the American flag and members to the United States Senate. No nation grows according to precon- | ceived plan. At one time in the early history of America, Charleston, S. C., was as important a port as New York City, and even Alexandria, V: was nearly so. Yorktown, Va., now of only 500 inhabitants, ‘was an im- | portant port of entry. Benjamin Franklin, in his autobiography, tells 1of a cotemporary of his who refused ! to buy a dwelling and instead rented a house of lodgings because of his firm conviction, lasting throughout his life, | that Philadelphia could not possibly in crease in size, but would dwindle away and investors in real estate would lose. It must be remembered that these | cities were in existence under the British crown for about the same length of time they have been under | the American flag and yet the new re- public was several decades old before it became a certainty that New York was to be the metropolis of the West- ern world. It took more than two centuries for New York to reach an undisputed place n the front rank of American cites. It is possible that, with the develop- ment of air transportation, some other city—Chicago, perhaps, or St. Louis— might yet outdistance her. So State lines laid down generations ago do not fit as well now as they did originally and there is occasional agita- tion for drastic changes. That other people in the world besides Americans are interested is revealed by the fact that the proposal to make New York City and its environs a separate State | was the subject of a paper read before a recent meeting of the British Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science. The erection of New York into a new State would be the most important of State line changes. The idea is by no | means new. Fernando Wood, elected mayor of New York City in 1861, in the course of his inaugural address, declared his belief that the city should be sep- arated from the State of New York or, perhaps, even from the Unfted States itself, becoming a free city under no sovereignty save its own as were the famous free cities of Europe in earlier times. Louis A. Cuvillier, a New York City member of the New York Legislature, introduced a bill to separate the city in 1908. Such a bill has been intro- duced every year since. James A. ‘Walker, present mayor of New York, voted for such a measure when a mem- ber of the Assembly. The reasons are both political and economic. New York City is Democratic and because of its huge population often elects a Democratic governor and State officers. The rest of the State is nor- mally Republican, usually returning a Republican Legislature. This means a certain amount of disharmony. New York City pays an enormous proportion of the total tax bill of the State and citizens of the metropolis pay for imn- provements, roads, public works and the like, in other parts of the State which they never use or even see. The present proposal is to create a metropolitan district. Maps have been drawn of the proposed new State, popu- lation estimated, and a vast amount of economic data assembled by associa- tions and public men interested in the project. Jersey City, now directly con- nected with New York by the vehicular tunnels, together with adjacent coun- ties in New Jersey, all thickly popu- lated, s included. Westchester County, N. Y.: Fairfield County, Conn., and Long Island also would be included in town | BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. | CHANGING THE U. S. MAP i the new State. It would have an area of about 3,700 square miles and a popu- lation exceeding 10,000,000. It would be more populous than the whole Do- minion of Canada. A similar suggestion has been made in respect to St. Louls and its environs. It, too, is & at port and commercial center. In fact, St. Louis manufac- turers and other business men, in thir national advertising, already use w. slogan, “The Porty-ninth State!™ Chicago has been proposed as another new Staie. Here, again, is a case In which there is a great metropolis paying a large share of the taxes of the State within which it lies. It is a lake port and, by the way of the Welland Canal. a seaport. It is the greatest railwav center in the country, It is often of different political complexion from the remainder of the State. The long-standing rivalry between San Francisco and Los Angelés is na- tionally known and the separation of the northern and southern sections of California frequently advocated. There are sound economic reasons, each sec- tion having its special features and products and each its great metropolis and seaport. It has been proposed to divide the vast State of Texas, which formerly was an independent republic, into four States. The area is so extensive that the type of people and the type of in- dustry and agriculture in some parts ar greatly different from those of others ‘The matter of effecting consolida- tions would be well-nigh impossible Any expert geographer admits, for ex- ample, that Delaware and Maryland should be one State. But tradition. State pride and every local sentiment would revolt against the idea of giving up sovereignty. Politically two seats in the Senate would have to be yielded up. And what name would the new State bear? The cities of Norfolk and Ports- mouth, both in Virginia and both an- clent, once reached the. very point of consolidation when the entire scheme fell through because each insisted that the new city should bear its name. Logical consolidations would be the making of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont into one State and Massa- chusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut into another. Each one of those an- cient commonwealths would fight to the last ditch on the ground of tradition alone. Such changes would bring about notable alterations in Congress. A State could proudly give birth to an offspring and thereby get two more Senators. Texas, for example, would have six more. There is no suggestion that Alabama be divided. Representa- tion in the House of Representatives would be unchanged, as that is appor- tioned by population. The Federal Government had the task of laying out the West into States when they were little populated. The famous Ordinance of 1787 divided the Northwest Territory into the five States of Ken tucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Mich- igan. More than half a century later ‘West Virginia was lopped off from the Old Dominion. The Territory of Dakota was divided into two sections and the two States of North and South Dakota were admitted to the Union. The Indian ‘Territory was consolidated with Okla- homa and the whole admitted. The Federal Government has never faced the task of consolidating two States. It is likely that the trend toward creation of city-States will gradually increase. Urban and rural populations have different interests. The New York City Senator has difficulty in bringing his talents to bear in the question of farm relief, for example. Issues would be more clearly drawn as between the cities and the rural districts. There would be a truer representation of the constituencies under such a division. "This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. Jack Spratt's tiger-striped coat is particularly pleasing to look at these days. It is thick and glossy, for one thing, and as clean as can be. Most of this fine appearance is due, however, to the fact that his fur is puffed up. In running the rusty black cat, Pun- chinello, out of his back yard, Jack puffed up his fur so far that it has never come down again to normal. This is the reason, we are convinced, why nis coat looks so fine. There is no more interesting sight in the animal kingdom than a tomcat with his fun puffed up, his ears laid back, his back arched, his eyes flashing fire. and his mouth spitting maledic- tions at a foe. The upstanding of the fur, at such times, gives the creature the appear- ance of being at least twice his normal size, and no doubt thereby tends to in- timidate the enemy. Many a dog, ordinarily brave, will shrink with fear away from an alley cat that presents such an alarming :g- pearance. Nature does very well by the house cat in this as. in many other re- spects. She does well by it, too, in the matter of falling, almost always landing the creature. on its feet. She provides the cat with increased seeing ability at night, and gives him a noiseless tread. Mostly a cat's fur returns to normal in 30 to 60 seconds after the creature causes it to stand straight up in a battle. Little by little it flattens out, so that shortly the coat is smooth again, s s Jack Spratt's fur, however, has still a slightly ruffied appearance, as if he had swelled himself to such an enormous degree that nature protested against ever permitting the hairs to lie flat again. It was one Sunday morning recently, about 10 o'clock, when the backyard was still damp from the Fall dew, that Punchinello, the clown cat, made his appearance on the back walk. Punch is a curious fellow. He has a rusty black coat, green eyes and long legs which he maneu- vers in a clumsy manner, giving him the aspects of a feline clown. - The way he runs permits an observer to feel that he is purposely trying to evoke amuse- ment. Recently he has been hunting for his small friend, Nipper, who moved away to another section of the city. He prowls around the back steps, seek- ing for his friend, who often enough vanquished him in battle. * ok ok ¥ This morning Punch stopped, and began to sniff the air. Food! Cautlously he moved forward, throw- ing up his hind legs as he walked. Sure enough, there on the walk some kind person had spread out a paper on which was at least a fourth of a pound of ground round steak. Such dinners came none too often in the life of Punchinello. He looked around him, as if suspecting a trick. Then, with a sideways glance from his eyes, he fell to eating with great satisfaction. It was while Punch was engaged in this pleasant morning task, all the more happy because so rare in his life, that Jack Spratt issued from the back door. He saw_Punchinello. Jack’s back began to rise, his fur to puff up, his ears to go back, his mouth to open. Then a fearsome meow issued forth from his lips. It was the first time in months that Jack Spratt's battle cry had aEm the air of alley. While not up to the old-time stand- ards, the cry was a good one still. It made Punchinello stop eating, cringe and start a retreat. With a bound Jack Spratt was after the black cat, who retreated in good order to the fence, where he turned about and confronted the happy warrior. Jack looked at Punch majestically for @& time, spit vigorously several times, then sauntered away. And since that time his fur remains a little puffed up. saving of life is sought.” L4 F ifty Years Ago In The Star Fifty years ago there was no “com- munity chest” system in Washington . such as "has just been Organized ;gopteq for the fnancing Charities. of the various charity agencies and enterprises in this community. The following in The Star of October 15, 1878, stresses the need of system in the maintenance of these good works: “There will be abundant inducement to continue during the approaching ‘Winter the systematic charity which has already been in this city so fruitful in good results. Money, provisions and clothing have been sent southward to relieve, as far as possible, the sufferings from the pestilence. But this is not suf- ficlent. The destitution that will fol- low the death of the plague furnishes a call for aid that will not cease to sound in our ears for months, and the sympathy aroused will no doubt find practical expression in organized meas- ures of relief. And in our charity towards the afflicted among our more distant neighbors we must not forget those in our very midst who will freeze and starve if Winter comes and finds them entirely unaided. “There should be no flagging in the enthusiasm for good works. Entertain- ments devoted to charity and private subscriptiors of all kinds should and will furnish sufficlent funds. Their prop- er application must be secured by con- centrating them in the hands of a re- sponsible organization for disburse- ment. The greatest efficiency of con- tributions - intended to be charitable can be obtained only in this way. “Personal relief of suffering is what goes farthest towards arousing in giver and recipient the emotions that make benevolence an agent for moral im- provement to both; but it is only when such labors are performed in conjunc- tion with those of others, and in an or- ganized way, that the greatest actual relief of suffering is effected. Discrimi- nation between rving and undeserv- ing applicants for charity is necessary in order that the ald intended for the former shall not be diverted, and the power to decide where relief is most needed can only be by an or- ganization. which covers the whole ground. The persistent petitioners for assistance who appeal most successfully to individual charity are only in rare instances the most deserving. “But there is little need to point out at length what every one concedes, the benefits of organization in measures of relief. The societies of the Red Cross exemplify them perfectly. A bureau is established in each country whose government is enrolled under the ensign. To it all charitable organiza- tions in the nation are subordinate and report. . In time of training schools for nurses are established and orrnln!lom to make and gather sup- plies are fostered in every town. In time of war the government has the benefit of all the resources of the so- clety. Its gathered supplies, its thorough knowledge of the Best methods of ap- plying its powers, and its complete or- ganization, which enables it to carry out every wise measure of relief, make it a valuable auxiliary. In the case of great fires such as those which have devastated several of our cities, and in the event of pestilence, such as that which is now r the society with its numberless branc] becomes a re- sponsible and efficient agent for the dis- tribution of the gifts of the people, and benefactors are guarded against the misappropriation or misapplication of donated money and materials. “We have no national Red Cross or- ganization, but we can reproduce it in miniature in our city and profit by the experienced advantages of such plans of relief. In the Winter campaign against destitution in Wi organization is as much needed as in warlike opera- tions of a less commendable character. in which the destruction and not the central