Evening Star Newspaper, September 17, 1928, Page 8

8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY....September 17, 1928 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Ofce: sylvania Ate : 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Buildine. European Office: 14 Regent St., London, England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Star. ........45¢ per month ‘The Evening and Sunday Star (when 4 Sundays) ..... ....60c per month ‘The Evening and Sunday Star (when undays). -.65¢ per month --5¢_per copy f each morth. The Sunday Star .. 111110 Collection made at th> en Orders may be sent in by mall or telephone Bfain 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. aily and Sunday.... 1 3., $100 Enuy only unday only . 151, 34 All Other States and Canada. Dally and Sunday..1 yr, $12.00: 1 mo, $1.00 Daily only .. ....011 yr.. $800: 1 mo. T5c Sunday only 1 $5.00; 1 mo.. 50¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news cis- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ited in this paper and also the iocal news Published herein. All rizhts of publication of #pecial dispatches herein are also reserved. mo., 85¢ mo. 50 mo., 40c The Battle Opens. With Mr. Hoover speaking tonight at Newark, N. J., and with Gov. Smith specding westward for his first formal address at Omaha, the presidential campaign may be said to be finally in full headway. There has been a long period of preparation, marked by noti- fications and acceptance speeches, by a few addresses by the Republican candidate and by some rejoinder utter- ances by the Democratic relative to specific criticisms of him, and also by some speaking by the vice presidential candidates and minor spellbinders of the two partics. But in the main the time that has elapsed since the con- ventions has been devoted chiefly to the perfecting of the organizations, to financial activities and to general Ppreparatory maneuvers. Mr. Hoover is to open his campaign in the East, Gov. Smith is to start his vote-winning effort in the West. Each is entering what the late William Jen- nings Bryan styled “the enemy’s coun- try.” Mr. Hoover, speaking in New Jersey, will be in an area that is sup- posed to be inclined toward Democratic support on the score of the prohibition question. Gov. Smith, speaking at Omaha, will be in the area of agricul- tural discontent, a region normally Re- publican, but now rated as somewhat doubtful owing to the grievances of the farmers. In these two opening speeches the candidates will present a contrast of manner and method. Mr. Hoover will speak from prepared manuscript, Gov. Smith without written text. The ordinary fire hazards are described and their removal advocated. The results of these campaigns may be slow to show themselves, but a steady improvement has been noted. A fire prevention week may not have prevented the Chicago fire, but there is always the possibility that had there been one Mrs. O'Leary might have carefully removed all in- flammables away from the lantern be- fore she set it down. The hope that some present-day Mrs. O'Leary will read the President's proclamation and remove the straw before it blazes is strong enough to justify “Fire Preven- tion Week.” — Porto Rico’s Desperate Plight. Tragically growing in extent as con- ditions in the stricken island are re- vealed with the restoration of commu- nications, the Porto Rico disaster ap- pears to be one of the heaviest blows that have ever befallen an area of this size. Now comes the sad roster of the dead, more than 250 known to date, with evidences that the total will reach to or beyond a thousand. And also comes revelation of the utter destitu- tion of great numbers, perhaps three hundred thousand people, whose food supplies have been destroyed and for whom there is no sustenance immedi- ately available. Likewise comes the evidence that the industries, chiefly agricultural, of the island have been crushed, one estimate placing the total loss at $65,000,000, a tremendous fig- ure considering the relatively small population. A feeling of acute apprehension is disclosed in the dispatches from the island. A petition has been presented to the governor for the declaration of martial law to assure the effective dis- tribution of food and a systematic clearing up of the stricken areas. Speedy action is needed to supply the helpless ones with sustenance, to treat the injured, to organize relief works and to initiate reconstruction. The American Red Cross is already active and supplies will doubtless flow into Porto Rico quickly, but there must be systematic direction and the establish- ment of corrective measures on & large scale. In ordinary circumstances all parts of Porto Rico are easily reached from San Juan, the capital. Under American government a remarkable system of good roads has been constructed, cov- ering the entire island with a network of communications. But in this emer- gency these roads have been blocked by falling trees, by landslides and by ruined bridges. Though the distances are comparatively short, there are nu- merous places in the island which, in this situation, are as isolated as though thousands of miles distant. The to- pography of the island is complex. It is tradition that Christopher Colum- Republican candidate is to engage in but few formal addresses, perhaps no more than four altogether, while the Democratic contender will, on his Western trip, make scheduled speeches at Omaha, Oklahoma City, Helena, Denver, St. Paul and Milwaukee, with 2 number more to be delivered on later tours in the central section and in the East. On this present Western trip there will be some forty scheduled stops ‘where Gov. Smith will informally greet the people, although he will make no - rear platform speeches or, in fact, any addresses in the open air. Interest centers in the expressions of Mr. Hoover at Newark tonight on the Pprohibition question, inasmuch as New Jersey, which of late: years has been steadfastly Republican, is now regarded &8s so “wet” as to be strongly inclined toward democracy. Likewise, Gov. Bmith’s speech at Omaha tomorrow will be aimed to win the support of the disaffected Republicans of that region on the score of a more specific pledge and plan of farm relief. Thus the battle opens, with barrage and counter-barrage, with the heaviest ar- tillery of each side engaged in a duel. ———rate. Value of Lindbergh’s counsel in -con- nection with flying cannot be disputed, elthough his personal demonstrations do not tend to promote unquestioning confidence in him as a “safety first” man. ——————— When a storm's itinerary is an- nounced, every community hopes for once in its career that a long detour can be required by circumstances. e Radio is condescending in its frivoli- tles, but its most conspicuous function consists in bringing the bad news. Fire Prevention Week. ‘The dedication and setting aside of days and weeks to emphasize appeals and to center public attention upon causes, movements and crusades has become a familiar method of spreading propaganda. Much of the propaganda is utterly silly, and the calendar has become chock full of “days” and “weeks” that in theory are dedicated to trivial and unimportant things. From sheer abuse this unique method of centering public attention and hold- ing it has lost some of its value. Thus, when President Coolidge proclaims, as he has, the week of October 7 as “Fire Prevention Week” there is some danger that the public will be apt to regard it merely as “another advertising stunt” and let it fade from mind as quickly @s possible. But of all our “days” and ‘“weeks” none other is so important as this ef- fort to capture public thought long enough to emphasize the danger of fire and the tremendous annual loss to the people which comes from failure to guard against it. President Coolidge quotes the figure of four hundred and seventy-five millions as being the mone- tary loss from fire last year. That is more than four times the amount of damage believed to have been caused by the terrific hurricane which at this time is wreaking havoc in the South. And the enormity of the loss is realized more fully when it is remembered that most of it could have been prevented by simple precaution and the avoidance of hazards so well known that children eppreciate them. The fire losses in 1927 were less than those of the year preceding, and the bus, on his return from the sec- ond voyage, in the course of which he discovered Porto Rico, told the Queen of Spain that the island was like a crumpled . handkerchiéf. Deep valleys cross and intersect the mountain range, which piles up to heights of over four thousand feet. With the roads, cut in| shelves on the mountain sides, blocked, the way is closed to transportation. It is imperative that everything pos- sible be done to succor the Porto Rican people from their desperate plight. An obligation rests upon the United States to make good their losses, even those of major proportions arising from the destruction of industry. If this assist- ance is not rendered Porto Rico, which has been built up in prosperity during the thirty years to the point of eco- nomic independence, will lapse into desperate despondency from which it cannot recover for many years. P Unfortunately, Congress is not in ses- sion, else it would be possible to grant aid at once from the Federal funds for the rescue of the island from its pres- ent pitiable plight. But the urgent im- mediate necessities can be supplied through public subscription, and there should be no delay or hesitation in the tendering of this gift of good will and humanity in the name of the people of the mainland. ——————————— Some of the reports are so gossipy as to sound as if irresponsible sections of the campaign were being conducted from the front porch of a summer hotel. A Barrage of Pars. Bobby Jones, the incomparable, has done it again. For the fourth time in five years he has won the amateur golf championship of the United States and has added this title to his two wins in previous years of both the British and the American open championships. Only twenty-six years old, this great golfing machine from Georgia can now point to a record of eight major cham- plonships which, with one exception, John Ball of England, is the greatest number of titles ever acquired by any wielder of the driver or putter. And at his present pace Jones will soon pass the lank Britisher who in a golfing career of thirty years ago rolled up the impressive total of nine cham- pionships. Following the qualifying round and the two eighteen-hole match play rounds at Brae Burn the past week, Jones was invincible. He had few strokes to spare in qualifying and until the latter part of the short matches seemed unable to attain the full power of his game. Once past these obstacles, however, the matchless Jones swing began to function in its accustomed groove and he played the last eighty- five holes of the championship in ten under even fours. That this pace was entirely too hot for his three com- petitors is shown by the fact that at the end of this stretch Jones was thirty-seven up. Drama was promised in the final of this championship on Saturday when Perkins, amateur champion of England, the first overseas golfer to compete in an American final for many years, and Jones, amateur champion of the United States, started out over rolling terrain. The drama, however, never material- ized. It was apparent from the play on the first few holes that Jones, the THE EVENING §TA\'R. WASHINGTON, D. €, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1928. a bit of levity, but getting down to good, cold, hard facts what chance has any man got against a golfing automaton, which flings pars, birdies and eagles in his face all day? Bobby has been beaten. There is no question about that. But miracles happen in every line of endeavor and when it is realized that the Georgia lawyer's one defeat since 1924 in an amateur champion- ship occurred in the final, and on the next to last hole, of the 1926 competi- tion, there is certainly not much for the other golfers of the country to crow about. At least twenty more years of golf lies ahead of Jones and it is prac- tically a foregone conclusion that the greatest links record of history will be compiled in that time. He has shown his mastery on both sides of the ocean and is the outstanding figure in this great game. A sportsman, a gen- tleman and a fine golfer, Robert Tyre Jones, jr., of Atlanta, Ga., deserves and receives the plaudits of a sport-minded world. ——r e Florida in the Storm's Path. Present reports indicate that the West Indies hurricane, which after dev- astating the Virgin Islands and Porto Rico swept northwestward with terrific fury, has struck the Florida peninsula and inflicted serious damage there. But there was ample warning of its ap- proach and it would seem that prepa- rations were made for it. In some places the people living in the lower areas, which heretofore have been in- undated by these storms, moved to safer points and there is no immediate indication of serious losses of life, if any. That there has been some de- struction of property along the closely occupied east coast is indicated, but nothing so far suggests a disaster com- parable in any degree with the storm of two years ago which inflicted’ such grievous loss upon Florida. Neverthe- less, there s always some suffering from these furious visitations and relief may be needed to rescue the people from their misfortunes. A train bearing phy- sicians, nurses and supplies has in fact been already dispatched into the hur- ricane area. Fortunately the experience of two years ago has shown the way to quick action and it is likely that all urgent needs will be met at once. ————— History of polar exploration is sadly consistent in requiring explanation as to why so many plans went wrong. It represents one branch of knowledge in which Experience has not proved a successful teacher, .o Only the calendar, backed by the highest scientific authority, prevents September from being counted in on terms of temperature as one of the most uncompromising of the Summer months. —e——— Gangsters go to one another's funer- als with much pomp, but cannot be ex- pected to find .time or inclination to attend the obsequies of all those whose lives are sacrificed to bad liquor. ————r———— Gambling in politics is to be deplored from a moral viewpoint. Yet the bet- ting odds are significant. There are very few persons who do not vote the way they bet. e There is generosity in politics. Each great party is, as usual, engaged in en- lightening the other as to mistakes in its methods of campaign. ———— SHOOTING STARS. —_— BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, Back to Evolution, I wish that I could pause awhile, With interest and glee, And greet with a contented smile A Monkey in a Tree. For, Evolution is a theme With meaning far from small; And yet, it leaves this earthly scheme Quite placid, after all, The Elephant goes ’round the ring. ‘The band begins to play. The Donkey doesn’t do a thing But bounteously bray. This Evolution is the line Of talk still dear to me. Your Harmless Arguments sound fine, Friend Monkey, in the Tree. “Do you derive much inspiration from books?” “Very much,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “I can't tell you How much more encouraged I feel since glancing through the checkbook stubs of one of | our chief contributors.” Grim Humor. The Airplane cruelly has shown A “Sense of Humor” of its own. And when a Flyer makes a Hop It merely asks how “He Will Stop.” And says, “If You Arrive when Due, Three Cheers! If not, the Joke's on You!” Jud Tunkins says a man who at- tempts abject flattery is usually such a bad actor that he loses his audience, Agreement in the Home. “How is your wife going to vote?” “Just as I do,” answered Mr. Meek- ton. = “And how is that?” “I'm waiting for her to tell me.” “Philosophers,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “have learned the tricks of trade. They are no longer content to give advice. They arrange with publishers to sell it.” No Comeback. Said Mrs. Bangs to Mrs. Bings, Across the backyard fence, “You ought to hear a lot of things! The scandal is immense!” Said Mrs. Bings, “Oh, please be still! My chance with you is small. My mouth with clothespins I must fill. I cannot talk at all!” “We is gittin’ more an’ more spe- cialized,” said Uncle Eben. “You can't fight wif a safety razor any more dan master, was about to add another scalp to his already sagging belt, and Per- United States Chamber of Commerce is one of the organizations which be- lieve that the prevention of fire is a matter to be accomplished through ed- ucation and the development of an kins was closed out by the overwhelm- ing score of ten up and nine to go on the twenty-seventh hole of the match. It has often been suggested that Jones, without playing, should be awakened sense of public responsibility | awarded the amateur championship in in dealing with the problem of fire | order that there would be some com- » waste. Good progress has been jocom- | petition among the hundred or more plished by campaigns in cities and |golfers who are the pick of the coun- | watch often gets out of patience with farming communitjes, during which the try's Simon-pures. 2 This is, of course, you can shave wif a revolver.” e — Not Till Then. From the Indianapolis N College students who enroll this week are not expécted to write home for money before Monday. ———————— Thinks It’s Wrong. 'rom the Toledo Blade. A man who has implicit: faith in his the radio’s “correct time.” | pamby stories. Writing in appreciation of a recent arcticle in this column, in which the “ten essential books for children” had been selected, a correspondent says: “I liked what you said very much. So many do not understand the child mind and wish to feed it on wishy- | washy books that have been turned out by the hundreds.” We believe this statement to be more or less true, more so today than ever seen a great change in the treatment of children, and particularly of their reading. It is no longer fashionable to feed even very young children on namby- ‘The little Lord Faunt- leroys are in the discard. In their stead has come into being a more ro- bust type of child’s book. It is significant that all of the books selected here were exactly of this good sort, most of them being enjoved equally by the adult as well as juvenile read- ers. After all, what difference is therc between a child'’s brain and a grown- up's, except n the matter—a rather large matter, one must admit—of ex- perience and growth? Basically, they are the same. The psychologists even tell us that many men and women possess childlike minds, that they have a “mental age” of 15 years, say. They have coined the nasty-nice name “moron” for a person with this arrested mental development. o It is significant that childhood's books are among the best in any litera- ture. Such books have about them not only the air of high romance, always a pleas- ing thing, but also a certain atmosphere of innocence, if you will, which gives the eternal lie to the psychologists, who have become so enamored of their sys- tem that they have forgotten to be human. It is more essential to be decent, in a world such as ours, than to fit into the scheme of any self-appointed set of guardiaps of the human race. The very fact that childhood's best books are among mankind's greatest shows the fallacy of lump-sum judgments made upon any theoretical basis. In other words, the childish mind has produced some of the greatest things in the world, not only in literature, but in all the arts, and maybe in the sciences, too. Who can say that the art and science of war, for instance, is anything but a projection of the childish play of little boys with wooden guns? The greatest general is he who keeps before his mature eyes the single vision of the little boy, the desire to hit first, and who most often uses the sentence of the lad with the cap pistol, as he points it at a comrade, “You're dead!" * k% % There is, indeed, no such wide gap between the child mind and the adult mind as many self-satisfled men and ‘women would like to think. Some children even seem to have had an astonishing amount of experience al- ready coiled up in that most astonishing fabric, the brain. The growth which only time gives, of course, is something that cannot be conjured into being overnight. Some years ago there was a story published of 2 baby that thought and reasoned like a man. Such a child struck the average read- er as a monstrosity, and he was right in so feeling. Time, however, can do a great deal in six or seven years. By the time a child has reached school WASHINGTON BY FREDERIC He’s still “Cautious Cal.” A Wiscon- sin Summer has neither withered nor staled the infinite variety of the Presi- dent’s non-committal mental processes. On almost every burning issue of the hour—national, international, political and even those purely personal to him- self—Mr. Coolidge remains the sphinx personified. Such, at least, is the figure he "cuts when beared in his White House den by journalistic lion hunters. He has, it would appear, no plans what- ever, oritorical or otherwise, for helping Mr. Hoover to win the presidency; or, if he has, he’s not ready to disclose them. How Mr. Coolidge will occupy himself after March 4, 1929 is some- thing he hasn't given any thought to. Meantime one guess is as good as an- other. As to the issue now agitating ©Old World statesmen, the United States will cross the bridge of Rhine evacua- tion when the allies get us to_that purely European question. The Presi- dent will be very glad if Great Britain and France are able to reach a naval limitation understanding, but at pres- ent that’s his only emotion about their mysterious little deal. el e Mr. Coolidge is wholly definite about one thing. He's not going hunting in Kentucky, as reported. Thereby hangs the tale of a dog. One of the President’s admirers presented him during the Summer with a fine English setter named Palo Alto. During the dog days at Brule, Col. “Ed” Starling, the Blue Grass giant who adorns the White House secret service squad, told Mr. Coolidge about a friend of his in old Kaintuck, Fraser Williams, of Lafayette, banker and sportsman, who is a wizard at training bird dogs. “Ed” volunteered to have Palo Alto educated, and the President accepted the suggestion. The setter is now majoring for his B. D. degree. “But I do not plan any hunt- ing in Kentucky,” Mr. Coolidge hastens to explain. “Any I do will be done by proxy through Palo Alto.” * ok ok K Maj. Gen. W. D. Connor, the new commandant of the Army War College at Washington, is one of the legendary gridiron heroes of West Point. He was captain and right halfback of the 1896 team and still wears as a watch charm a battered little silver foot ball, a trophy of the eleven’s prowess that season. The West, Point coach once told Connor that he was about the worst specimen that ever came out for foot ballat the Acad- emy, but the Wisconsin plebe wound up by leading Army to glorious victories. Gen. Connor, who arrived in Washing- ton after five years’ brilllant service as commander of American military forces in China, and Maj. Gen. Fox Conner, commander-in-chief in Hawall, have a hard time avoiding mix-ups of their names in the Army. “It was all right in France,” the War College head points out. “The French called Fox ‘Connaire’ and me, ‘Connore.’ But over here, we've simplified matters by deciding that when anything goes wrong, the buck is always to be passed to ‘Conner’ or ‘Con- nor,’ as the case may be.” * K oK % Gov. Smith’s impending invasion of the farm-revolting West has been chosen by the Democrats as a strategic moment for reviving in full fury the ancient charge that Herbert Hoover strangled American agriculture during the war. Senator Joe Robinson’s uncommonly effective speeches in the South are now harping on_that chord. Senator “Jim" Reed, who long ago chose Hoover as his pet aversion, is out with a lambasting interview which loud pedals *Sir Her- bert's” slavish service to England in connection with wheat prices. Chair- man Raskob puts forth an itemized statement purporting to show how the Food Administration, by pegging wheat at $2.26 a bushel, kept the horny- handed sons of the soil from getting rich quick. Pinally comes former Senator Henry Clay Hansbrough of North Da- kota, revolting Republican counterpart of rebellious Owen, Democrat, of Okla- homa, with a fulmination on the Cali- fornian’s black agricultural record. It is along similar lines that Gov. Smith is expected to make the wild and woolly welkin ring during the next fertnight. * % % “The Battle of the Mimeographs” would be another apropriate name for before, for, happily, recent decades have | THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. | age, he or she already has completed a | marvelous mental growth. There is a | common saying to the effect that a child learns more in the first seven vears of its life than in any given pe- riod thereafter. Perhaps that is true, although it scems a bit overstated. It is simply a way of trying to point out the fundamental things which every human being must know for the sake of self-preservation, self-expression and self-determination. If an adult were deprived suddenly of all acquired knowledge and had to begin all over again, it is questionable whether he would be able to learn as quickly as the average child. A child must learn all about height and weight and fire and food and balance and conduct and —well, the things a little boy or girl must know will appall any honest “grown-up.” The child uses all direct avenues of gaining knowledge. He asks questions, he tries the hit-and-miss plan and he receives instruction. He not only learns a tremendous number of bare facts about life and living, he ac- quires methods of gaining knowledge which last him a lifetime. Hok kK It is probably true that the finest men are those who retain something of the little boy, just as it is undoubtedly so that the prettiest women are those who fm'll(' into mature life the “little. girl 00k Maturity, after all, has its drawbacks. Dr. Clendinning, in his recent book, drew rather pessimistic pictures of old age. One does not have to go that far to appreciate the bad points of ma- turity. No one would grow old who could help it. ‘While “growing up” does bring many good things, in a well ordered life, even the most ardent exponent of such dis- cipline might wish that there were some other method available for attaining the beatitudes! Women have a habit of calling the men they love ‘“babies” and “little boys” and no doubt they are perfectly | right in using such expressions, for the | mind is the man, after all. Who would dispute it? Truly the body is as noth- ing, amid the centuries. Only the mind and its work lasts. If any prefers the word “spirit,” we would not correct him. Probably he is right. Mind, or spirit, call it what you will, alone has life everlasting. If the mind of a man and the mind of a boy are so near together, there is nothing to wonder at that boys’ books and men's books are essentially the same. Children read and enjoy the same books that their elders appreciate. Many a little girl has spent happy hours reading Victor Hugo from cover to cover. It is presumable that an av- erage bright boy might enjoy Spinoza's “Ethics,” for surely that work was written by one who had all the single- ness of heart of the lad playing Indian. This is well for literature, else the mighty kingdom of books would be di- vided off into water-tight compart~ ments, mind-tight sections, amid which there could be no roaming. Thus the very spirit of literature would be defeated and mankind would receive a blow in its reading nerve from which it would never recover. Just as there is no high nor low in good books, so there is no good children’s book which may not be read by an adult, nor any proper mature work which a child may not read with benefit. There is in this kingdom a perfect democracy. The re- public of letters enjoys the suffrage of the free, the inquiring mind and chooses to elect the good and the worthwhile to its high offices. OBSERVATIONS WILLIAM WILE. the 1928 campaign. The rival ballyhoo divisions of the Republican and Demo- cratic organizations must be making fearful inroads on the paper supply of the country. Their torrents of stenciled “releases,” irreverently known as “hand- outs” in the newspaper fraternity, now daily attain the swamping dimensions of tidal waves. Frequently these “canned” outgivings of the publicity pumps are distinguished by quantity rather than quality. They have one attribute in common. They claim everything in and out of sight. “Pennsylvania, for in- stance, is dead certain to go Demo- cratic, according to the Raskobite en- cyclicals, while the Workian bulls are Jjust as cocksure that Texas is cinched for Hoover. As Al Smith might say, all of it is largely “bolony.” * ok Kk John Sharp Williams, sage of the Yazoo, emerges from plantation retire- ment in Missisippi to write a pro-smith letter to a brother Democrat in_the “Nawth” on the theme of bigotry. Wil- liams says the only thing he’s intolerant of is religious intolerance, “I'd support a Jew for President, and a Jew is not even a Christian,” exclaims the former Demosthenes of Dixie, “provided he were & good Jew, a good American and a good Democrat.” Whereupon the one- time solon asks to be excused from poli- tics, that he may enjoy “the rest of this earthly existence in’peace.” * ok ok % Former Senator Oscar W. Underwood, addressing fellow Democrats in his adopted State of Virginia, asserts Hoo- ver is backed by the Klan. Has it escaped the attention of the Knights of the Klux that no other than “Wild Bill” Donovan, two-fisted Assistant Attorney General of the United States, is one of the G. O. P. nominee’s closest advisers, and ranks as prospective Attorney General in a Hoo- ver cabinet? Col. Donovan is one of the most distinguished Catholic laymen in the United States. He has an out- standing war record, being one of only two men who came out of France with all three of Uncle Sam’s coveted dis- tinctions—the Congressional Medal, the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Service Medal. Father Duffy, Al Smith's priestly buddy, was chaplain of Donovan's regimeny the “Fighting 69th” of New York. They are warm friends. Donovan hails from BufTalo. (Copyright. 1928.) UNITED STATES IN WQ_EI:D WAR Ten Years Ago Today. American Artillery, Infantry and aviators are pounding the enemy on the Lorraine front, and in brisk clashes with_enemy patrols are closing in on the Hindenburg line, where the Ger- mans are very active. The number of towns burning in the rear may indicate a fear on the part of the enemy that a further retreat may be forced. * * * American aviators report that the Ger- mans are bringing up heavy reinforce- ments behind the Hindenburg line and are busy digging strong positions. Aerial photographs also show large numbers of Germans digging back of the Hin- denburg line, evidently preparing a sec- ond line in case the Americans break through the “invulnerable” front. * * ¢ French heavies are pounding away at the fortress of Metz, and it is expected it cannot withstand the terrific bom- bardment long. * * * American air tons of bombs in the past 24 hours. * * % The past year's losses in the German forces is so great that they have been forced to disband 20 divisions to fill up the gaps. * * * Prisoners retently captured say that every effort has been made to suppress all news of the American success at St. Mihiel, and the general impression seems to be that the American victory has been so over- whelming that the German Army cox mand dare not admit the facts. * * . Three hundred and twenty-five casual- | published in a paper by Rear Admiral ties on list given out today; 51 killed m action, 147 wounded and 100 miss- 2. - - fknots. Whether the pitching of the bombers have dropped more than 30 | PHILOSOPHIES BY - GLENN FRANK One hundred and thirty-seven years ago this month there was born at New- | ington, Surrey, England, a lad who was destined to become chemist and physicist extraordinary. This lad was Michael Faraday, son | of a blacksmith, and himself for a time apprenticed to a bookbinder. Michael Faraday was sclf-made and seld-educated, remaining a_journeyman bookbinder until the = eminent Sir Humphry Davy ‘'gave him an assistant- ship in the laboratory of the Royal In- stitution of Great Britain. But it is neither of his self-educa- j tion nor of his solid scientific achieve- ments that I want to speak here, but of the severe fashion in which he split his life into two thought-tight com- partments, with his science in one compartment and his religion in the other. This man to whom modern electrical science goes back as modern medical science goes back to Louis Pasteur be- longed to a small and superficial set of religionists who followed the crude leadership of Robert Sandeman. Save for an occasional exception, its mem- bers were of the illiterate sort. Its theology was a product of the sterile literalism of the ignorant. Faraday's parents belonged to this sect. Faraday himself went to its meetings from childhood. When 30 years of age he publicly announced his allegiance to its doctrines and remained loyal to them throughout his life. Twice he filled the office of elder among the Sandemanians. Michael Faraday managed to be a curious-minded scientist and a credu- lous-minded Sandemanian at one and the same time—he split his soul. Lady Lovelace once asked gFaraday about his philosophy of religion. “There is no philosophy in my re- ligion,” Faraday replied. “I do not think it at all necessary to tie the study of the natural sciences and of religion together; and in my inter- course with my fellow citizens, that which is religious and that which is | philosophical have ever been two dis- tinet things.” Faraday once began a lecture on mental education by claiming “an ab- solute distinction between religious and ordinary belief.” He realized that this was a surprising stand for a great scientist. “I shall be reproached,” he said, “with the weakness of refusing to apply those mental operations which 1 think good in respect of high things to the very highest * * * but I have never seen anything incompatible be- tween those things of man which can be known by the spirit of man which is within him and those higher things . “‘ * which he cannot know by that spirit.” “When he entered a meeting house,” a friend once wrote, “he left his science behind, and he would listen to the prayer and exhortation of the most il- literate brother of hi$ sect with an at- itention which showed how he loved lthe word from whomsoever it came.” There are values that can be arrived at only by the way of the mystic, but this was not what Faraday had in | | i ‘What do you need to know? Is there some point about your business or per- sonal life that puzzles you? Is there something you want to know without delay? Submit your question to Fred- eric J. Haskin, director of our Wash- ‘ngton Information Bureau. He is em- ployed to help you. Address your in- quiry to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C., and inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Q. Where is the largest sun dial in the world?>—S. M. B. A. What is believed to be the largest sun dial is the great equatorial dial at Delhi, India, constructed in 1724 by Jey Singh. the Rajah of Jeypore. The length of the hypotenuse of the gnomon is 118 feet 5 inches. Q. Where is the Dismal Swamp?— D. L. D. Nansemond and Norfolk Counties in Virginia and Gates and Camden Coun- ties in North Carolina. It is about 30 miles long and 10 miles wide. Q. What is the difference between a lima bean and a butter bean?—A. C. A. The Bureau of Plant Industry says that a lima bean is called a “butter bean.” In fact, a lima bean, a kidney bean or a wax bean may be correctly called a “butter bean.” Q. How did the slang phrase bant” originate?>—D. D. A. This humorous name for dieting with the purpose of losing weight origi- nated in the making of a verb from the name “Banting.” Banting was the ad- vocate of such a system, which bears his name. Q. Why is “Nesselrode pudding” so called?—F. M. A. This gelatinous pudding contain- ing chestnuts was named for a Russian statesman and epicure. An ice cream containing chestnuts and candied fruit and garnished with whipped cream is also .called Nesselrode pudding. “to Q. How old is the song ‘“Mother Machree”? Who was the composer?— N.L F. A This song was first_published in 1910. The words are by Rida Johnson Young and the music by Chauncy Al- cott and E. R. Ball. Q. What is the meaning of the Eng- lish term “barrister”?—E. W. A. In England a barrister is a mem- ber of the legal profession qualified to plead at the bar. He undertakes the public trial of causes in the superior courts of the law as distinguished from an attorney or solicitor. Q. Was the oath of office taken by Alfred E. Smith as Governor of New York the same as he would be required to take as President of the United States?>—F. F. A. The oath of "office of governor as prescribed in the Constitution of the State of New York, Article XIII, section 1 is: “I do solemnly swear that I will mind; he deliberately shut his eyes and swallowed the doctrines of a crude sect: and this, for modern men, is a suicidal policy. The mind is not an alien to be kept shivering outside the holy of holies. (Copyright, 1928, McClute Newspaper Syn- dicate,) ——————— Anti-War Treaty Menaced by Ratification Danger To the Editor of The Star: How many voters realize that the failure by one of fifteen nations to ratify the Paris pact may, and in all probability would, make a tragical farce of this solemn project? Inquiry sent to the State Department confirms the fear that a provision of the pact which many forget is that it does not become binding until ratified by all the signa- tory powers? The natural supposition would be that it would become binding upon all nations that had signed and ratified, but this is not the case. The fact that the failure of any one power to ratify the treaty would release the obligation of all seems so incredible that one wonders whether it was actu- ally so intended and, if so, for what reason. Senator Borah seems confident that the pact will get the required two-thirds vote from the Senate, but it is well known that the Chicago Tribune, the New York Herald Tribune and other influential Republican papers, despite the party’s indorsement of the treaty, are opposed to our assuming the obli- gation, and the tragic history of the last 30 years in the repeated failure of the Senate to give the necessary two- thirds vote for ratification of various peace treaties should create grave con- cern as to the possibility of a still more tragic failure which would affect, not merely two or three countries as in previous cases, but now, the future his- tory of the world, as 30 nations seem ready to sign the pact when the origi- nal 15 have ratified it. Overconfidence may lead to bitter disappointment and the derision of the world. A failure this time to secure a ratification would mean that our country henceforth will be universally recognized as the chief obstacle to world peace. If the compla- cent public wants to make sure that a shameful fiasco does not ensue and arouse world resentment, now is the time for them to rise to the occasion, as they did last Winter, in opposing the Navy-building program and tre- mendously modifying the attitude of Congress. Let the public' make clear that they imperatively demand ratifi- cation and will tolerate no failure. There has been much expression of con- cern as to what other nations would do. We need to have little concern about others. Our history with respect to treaties teaches us only too solemnly that we need to have grave concern about ourselves. LUCIA AMES MEAD. Boston, Mass. — Bulbous-Nosed German Ships Not Wholly New To the Editor of The Star: I read with interest your editorial in The Star of September 15 entitled “Snub-Nosed Ships.” In this editorial you commented on the bulbous bow of the two new German liners, the Brem- en and the Europa. It may perhaps in- terest you and your readers to know that the experiments establishing the ad- vantage of a bulbous bow for fairly fast vessels were first carried out in the United States Experimental Model Ba- sin located in the navy yard in this city. The chief advantage of such a bow is a reduction in the resistance of the ship of about 3 per cent, an appreciable amount when dealing with the large horsepower required to drive a 46,000~ ton ship at a speed of more than 26 ship is also reduced by bulbing the forefoot below the water line is doubt- ful and in general no such advantage is claimed by naval architects. In tracing the history of the bulbous bow we find that the novelty in the case of the Bremen and the Europa lies only in the introduction of this type of bow into merchant practice, many naval vessels having been designed with such bows for some years. For example, the new airplane carriers Saratoga and Lexington and the V-type submarines of our Navy have very pronounced bulbous bows. Also at least one recent United States passenger steamer, the Panama Pacific liner California, has re- ceived a moderate bulbous bow. As mentioned before, the credit of first investigating the influence of the bulbous bow on resistance belongs to the United States Experimental Model Ba- sin_under direction of Capt. Eggert, C. C. U..8. N. The results of this research, which covered many years, were fully support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of New York, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of the office of governor according to the best of my ability. And I do further sol- emnly swear that I have not directly or indirectly paid, offered or promised to pay, contributed, or offered or prom- ised to contribute, any money or other valuable thing as a consideration or reward for the giving or withholding & vote at the election at which I was elected to said office, and have' not made any promise to influence the giving or withholding of any such vote.” The oath of office as prescribed in the Constitution of the United States, Article II, section 7, is: “I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of Presi- dent of the United States, and will to the best of my ability preserve, pro- tect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” Q. How should mildewed books be treated?—B. H. A. The Library of Congress says that if the mildew is still damp, sponge it off with vinegar or with water containing some vinegar. If the mildew is dry, it can be wiped off with a dry cloth. If stains are left, alcohol will probably re- move them. The books should then be placed in a strong sunlight, in a cur- rent of dry air, or the room containing Differences of opinion in this country over adherence to the World Court have not dimmed appreciation of the tribute paid to Charles Evans Hughes in his election as a member of the court nor prevented universal recognition of Mr. Hughes’ eminent fitness for the post. Editorial comment emphasizes the be- lief that the tribunal has been strength- ened and American adherence brought measurably nearer. “A high and undeniable national as well as personal honor” is seen by the Boston Transcript, which says that “it is a matter for mutual felicitation, here and abroad.” That paper continues: “The World Court gains the services of one of America’s most learned and eminent scholars in international and constitutional law, and of a statesman who has had practically to cope with problems involving those highest reaches of human law. And America cor- respondingly gains in prestige and in world influence. ¥ * * She regards him simply as a son whom the world at large has chosen to perform an ex- alted world service; but she knows, and the various nations know, that in- evitably through him will the leaven of Americanism permeate the deliberations and conclusions of the august body called upon to do impartial justice be- tween nation and nation.” “While it cannot be said that Judge Hughes goes to the World Court as an official representative of the United States,” comments the Chattanooga Times, “he goes recognized as one of the highly accredited representative statesmen of his country and as em- bodying an expression of the profound sympathy of his countrymen for the cause to which the court has been ded- icated—the cause of international jus- tice, peace and reconciliation.” s “To tell the truth, the accession of Mr. Hughes to the World Court is even more important than our formal ad- herence,” in the judgment of . the Cinctnati Times-Star, which appraises him as “a big man with a big brain" and holds that “his is the most force- ful personality in the United States to- day.” The Flint Daily Journal calls him one who “well deserves the title of ‘America’s foremost private citizen,” and adds that “the sentiment in this country is clearly in favor of the United States becoming a member of the court.” “A personal triumph for Mr. Hughes, a fine international tribute to a deserv- ing man,” is the verdict of the South Bend Tribune, with the feeling that “the manner of Mr. Hughes' elevation to the court shows that other nations have the utmost confidence in him. Cuba, Brazil and Sweden,” continues the Tribune, “were the first to work for his nomination. The movement became so popular that the Council of the League of Nations voted unanimously for his elevatiol The Toledo Blade attests that “the opinion of those who chose him for the position is in har- mony with the estimate of his fellow countrymen.” “His interest in the World Court has been and is profound and sincere,” says the Pasadena Star-News, which fixys the tribute: “Charles E. Hughes a | D. W. Taylor in Marine Engineering of September, 1923. 2 3 KARL E. SCHOENHERR. A. Dismal Swamp occupies part of | J. L.|in ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. them warmed and dried by an applica- tion of heat. Q. Whén was machinery?—H. A. A. The first recorded attempt to bind grain by machinery was made by John E. Heath of Ohio, who obtained a pat- ent for a twine or cord binder in 1850. In 1851 Cyrus McCormick of Tllinois exhibited a binder in the World's Fair n London. grain first bound by A J fessional social workers in the United States?—K. C. C. A. The Russell Sage Foundation esti- mates that there are 25,000 persons so engaged. exclusive of visiting nurses, of whom there may be that many more, and the pumerous border-line groups of clerks, caretakers and so forth. Q. Does the Marine Corps offer cor- respondence courses in navigation?— H. A. The Marine Corps Institute, Ma- rine Barracks, Eighth and I streets southeast, Washington, D. C., offers correspondence courses in electrical en- aineering, navigation, industrial and business courses, etc. Any man enlisted i service is eligible for these courses. ° Q. Which three actors have been decorated for dicton by the American Academy of Arts and Letters?>—F. H. A. Edith Wynne Matthison, Walter Hampden and Otis Skinner, Q. In what European country are many stadia and athletic grounds being built this year—C. O. 2 A. In Germany. Various types of sport are well organized with a total membership of 11,500,000 persons. Pres- ident Hindenberg declares “Physical ex- ercise is civic duty.” It has become a universal obsession which permeates throughout the country. Q. In what city is there a tree grow- ing on the courthouse roof?—P. E. K. A. On the top of the courthouse tower at Greensburg, Ind., there is a maple tree 45 years old. which has grown to a height of over 15 feet, Q. How many species of flowering plants grow wild in the United States and Canada?—D. T. E. 10%‘0 ‘;I‘he number is estimated at about Q. What was the origin of the fairs held in the Middle Ages?—F. W. H. A. The fairs were an extension of the idea of the town market. As one writer remarks: “Fairs represented the most important form of commercial activity of the time.” Q. Have any of the Presidents of the Ummdastam had coats of arms?— N. A. G. A. It is known that the following Presidents were entitled through their ancestry to the use of the heraldic de- vices known as coats of arms: George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jef- ferson, Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William Henry Harrison, Ben- jamin Harrison, John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, James Buchanan, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Grover Cleveland and Theodore Roosevelt. Q. During the Civil War how great wu! the loss to American shipping?— K. . "A. There was a shrinkage of nearly 1,000,000 tons in American shipping during the Civil War. Q. What is the leader of a band of bagpipe players called?>—C. N. A. He is called a pipe major. Q. When was the first 2-cent daily newspaper published?—P. L.- A. In 1833, Horace Greeley, Francis V. Story and H. D. Shepard started the Mo Post in New York City. It failed in three weeks, but is said to have been the firdt 2-cent daily ever published. Q. Is ice cream or pie the more popu- lar dessert in America?—A. H. A. Both are considered typlcally American, but pie is given first place among desserts popular in America. Q. Is it true that Herbert Hoover at one time applied for British citizen- ship?—M. H. G. A. Mr. Hoover says that he has never applied for British citizenship and has never contemplated such a step. New Strength for World Court Seen Here in Hughes’ Election should be of greah value to him, to his country and to the world.” The Char- lotte News also gives attention to “his sincere interest in the cause of inter- national peace,” and states that his se- lection “brings into association with the work of this great organization one whose alert niind and far-reaching in- fluence will be increasingly valuable to the court.” “It is not strange that his work at the Pan-American conference is given as a reason for hiy election to a seat in the couft,” in the opinion of the Baltimore Sun, which recalls: “He spoke at Havana on questions of real vitality in the American hemisphere. He had available and used a fund of knowledge that clarified the discussions, and he exhibited frankness, as, for instance, in regard to the relations between the United States and the Caribbean region. His was not the diplomacy which seeks to placate by avoiding the issue. He has the judicial attitude which prefers to assemble all the facts and reach a reasoned conclusion.” e 55 ‘The Binghamton Press suggests that “the Kellogg treaties may bring the dis- putes arising under them before the World Court and Mr. Hughes, despite the fact that the United States is not a member.” That paper explains that “there is no provision in the Kellogg treaties for a tribunal of appeal, but the World Court is one of the agencies re- lied upon by the other nations as a medium of settlement.” “Mr. Hughes' election,” thinks the Chicago Daily News, “should improve the chances of an agreement between the United States Senate and the na- tions in the World Court concerning that part of the fifth reservation—deal- ing with advisory opinions—attached by the Senate to the resolution of ad- herence. That reservation alone has prevented American entry into the court. The Senate, at its next session, doubtless will take up Senator Gillett's pending resolution for the renewal of negotiations with the nations objecting to the fifth reservation.” opinion of the Harrisburg Patriot, “wants America to join in the peace movement, and it recognizes Americans like Mr. Hughes not solely because of their capacity, but to assure this Nation that its, help is needed—indeed, is es- sential to the completely successful functioning of a League to keep the world at peace and to outlaw war.” The Green Bay Press-Gazette states that Mr. Hughes “may be of assistance in persuading politicians and presi- dents that it is an outstanding duty of the United States to give its support i Noped. tha ] 10] that the Senate, when it convenes in December, will be urged to clarify its gumon S0 as to make it possible for the signatory nations to admit the United States into the court,” declares the Buffalo Evening News, while the St. Joseph News-Press ad- vises that “his preferment should be the signal for re-examination of our splendid isolation,'” and the ville Times feels that “in the subcon- scious mind of America the ce ly of Mr. Hughes abroad must inevitabl, mean that American purpose is crys- toward lw!pu“nee of respon- Dl fox the.cne work 1 1d’s peace.’ o