Evening Star Newspaper, September 2, 1928, Page 14

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C SUNDAY. .September 2, 1928 THEODORE W. NOYES The Evening Star Newspaper Company . : Buginess Office: 1ty 8t nAYIv Ave New York : 310 East 43nd St. Shicarg Office; fower Bulldine . Editor European St.. London. Rate by Carrier “Within the City, e &l n‘" ‘ver montk jundays) . The Eventn & Sunday Star (when § days). The lS\lndly Star . ade a Ordes it & Qrders may BeSent tn (when .8 per copy % f each month. ¥ mall or telephone Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday....1 sT. Dai 1 A1 3T only Sunday only . 1o All Other States and Canada. | 1 mo.$1.00 | Datly ‘and Sunday..l yr. §13.00; Daily only 151, §800 1 Sunday only 1 wr $500: 1 it e Attt ) to the use Muleigflm:hn of lfl' x’e:s dis- atches credited 1t or unt otherwise cred- NS e AR R dispat herein are also reserved. 0.0 THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €, SEPTEMBER 2, 1928—PART of cheating a high crime instead of :I misdemeanor. Cheating in an exam- ination s despicable enough, just as stealing a milk bottle is despicable. But neither calls for particularly drastic punishment. There have been too many cases in which a student caught cheating and punished for cheating by victorious, and the final score was eleven to one. Yet. Dr. Tweddell says, “There is no alibi." The British team, therefore, has cov- ered itself with glory in losing. With- out its best men and facing Bobby Jones at the top of the grandest game of golf that & human has ever developed, it | went into the matches determined to | Aight until the last putt clinked into the cup. America is naturally proud of |its team, and its victories bring a warm sense of gratification. America, how- ever, is proud of the British team for {its sportsmanship and in future com- petition between the two countries its one wish is that should the United States lose, its little band of golfers will display the same attitude as their Brit- ish cousins have on this occasion. his fellow students suffered public dis- grace destined to cast a shadow over his whole life. The honor system places undue emphasis on the subject of cheating and. gives it an importance it never deserved. The better policy might be to ridicule cheating out of existence by dwelling upon its petti- ness and futility, instead of dignifying it by making it an unpardonable crime, if and when detected. Such a policy can best be pursued by a fac- ulty composed of men whose experi- o ence has given them ability to judge Helmi Makes Shore at Last. the relative importance of depagbures | B from moral conduct, and the part that }x‘v?;:mr;::l l:n:ih::.l;yfls :l‘:ms?;;;;l:": | temptation plays e has at last succeeded in crossing The honor system is based primatlly | yne mnciish Channel under his own {on the assumption that all men are | ™A renort to that effect came honorable, if given the chance, and |vegerday from Folkestone, where he while such an appraisal of human na- | 1409 4y 93 hours and 51 minutes from ture is fine and altruistic, practical ex- Cape Gris Nez, France. This stated perfence shows its fallacles. It is feared | ;) 1o tne second longest Ch 1 awil SR U -, recor: so that H:lel:n -cr:lrel::s ::mnel blasted a beautiful theory by acknowl- | .ot or gistinction, after all. edging that it does not work. BUt| gy geveral seasons this large, rather Impromptu Campaigning. Gov. Smith, it is stated, has’ decided | to make no more prepared speeches | during the campaign. He will confine | himself henceforth, according to this | program of procedure, to extempore | remarks, feeling that in this manner of : addressing his hearers he can make a | :'h':m:“‘,:r bi;;: :‘:“'“ enough about { o4 ggyptian has been figuring in S ey should be com- : ménded. Channel swimming enterprises. He has, as stated, tried on his own account i | numerous times, and between his own Uncle Sam as Theater Buyer. |starts has helped others, notably the Uncle Sam is now the owner of two | WOman Channel crossers, in their first theaters In this city. One of them he | Stages by swimming with them for part has posssssed for & long time, fully |Of the distance. He has appeared in better impression and more Vividly | twenty ycars, and as owner he has | innumerable photographs of Channel convey his ideas. the candidate’s experience in the de- | livery of his speech of acceptance, the manuscript of which annoyed him and caused him to hesitate and even to re- peat his words. It will be interesting to observe-the result of this departure from the usual procedure of campaigning. Gov. Smith is no tyro on the stump. He has had a long experience in public speaking, has been through numerous campaigns, in his own behalf and for others, has | addressed millions of people, in the ag- | gregate, in the course of his political | career, and, therefore, he has acquired the faculty of ready delivery and spon- tancous expression. -In fluency, in di- rectiness and in clarity of statement hore is probably no more capable cam- paigner than he. But there are dangers in thé ex- tate his “impromptu” speech, could have it transcribed and carefully edited and could then have it delivered be all that the most exacting critic could demand. The governor might mauke his personal appeal in a few well chosen introductory remarks and then | Jep his understudy read the speech. | “There would then be no danger of los- ing his voice or letting his tongue slip | into a lapse. The idea is worth con- sidering. - Custom of carrying the names of candidates on sutomobiles may be due to diverting the attention of the traffic officer from the real question to & po- lLitical argument. st “Labor day” comes at precisely the proper time to give & public exhausted by heat & chance to rest and cool off. — ] - Honest Appraisal of Honor. oiews that Yale has dropped the honor system and returned to faculty gupervision of students during exam- dnations will occasion wide interest in the thousands of educational institu- tions which long since adopted that | system @8 the ideal srrangement for the prevention of “cribbing” among the students. The system's stumbling block at Yale was the failure of stu- dents to report their fellows who cheated. A man seemed wiiling enough 10 give his word that he had neither received nor given afd during a test, but spying on the conduct of others was another matter As the honor system can be enforced only by the students, those at Yale have given it up a5 & bad start and, at their re- quest, the faculty has returned to the old custom of dolng its own police work. One of the complaints sgainst the honor systems has been that it makes .| Thus the playhouse became a part of | | Labor = day U. 8. A holds would be possibie. . | tertainments of the sort known in those ment. The other he has just acquired, | in anticipation of the clearance of the entire Mall-Avenue triangle for Gov- ernment buildings. This latest purchase of theater prop- erty by the Government marks the early end of a showhouse that has passed through many changes, until it is now only a slight reminder of early times in Washington. On this site was efected the first theater in ‘Weshington, constructed in 1804. It was destroyed by fire in 1820, was re- built two years later and remained as a place of amusement for a long period. For two years, in the forties of the last | century, it served as the home of the ‘Washington city post office, that peri- patetic establishment that drifted around from pillar to post for decades. As the Washington City Assembly Rooms 1t was the scene of innumerable social gatherings, as well as of dramatic en- tertainments, and was used, in fact, for the inaugural festivities of Presi- dents John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison and James K. Polk. American history. In later years it was known as Ker- nan’s Theater, and there were held en- times as “variety.” The old showhouse lost caste. Yet on its boards appeared many who, in the later development of the drama, became famous on the “legitimate” stage snd in vaudeville. In the course of changes in public | taste and with the establishment of a rival house of this character the old Kernan's Theater gradually passed out of vogue and when some years ago it was burned and later rebuilt it com- pletely departed from its long-main- tained traditions. It was not success- ful and has ever since its reconstruc- tion been more often “dark” than in use. But little of the structure of the old “assembly” remains today, if any. There remains a third theater that the Government will ultimately pur- chase, in the course of the site-acquisi- tion process. That stands at the cor- ner of Louisiana avenue and C street. It is a veritable landmark. Originally ‘Wall's Opera House, it was the scene of many a thespian triumph in the olden times. When the Ford Theater Building on Tenth street was taken over by the Government after the as- sassination there of President Lincoln, its manager, John T. Ford, took the old Wall house for his theatrical op- erations and for many years it was known by his name. It later degen- | erated into cheaper uses, and for a time was known as the Bijou Theater. It has not for a long period been used for public entertainments. In this connection it is to be recalled | that the site of the Post Office Depart- ment covers the location of another theater of olden times, which, bearing many different names, was finally known as the Capital. It stood on the northern side of the block. For a long period prior to its destruction to make room for the new public buflding it was only occasionally used, for variety shows and the infrequent appearance of touring actors who could not find bookings in the other houses of Wash- ington. To the west still stands the theater now known as Poll’s, previously Chase's and originally Albaugh's Opera House. which the United States has owned for at least two decades and which is s00n to pass as the land is clecred for !the establishment of a plaza north of | the new Commerce Department. With | | the taking of the President and later, | | as is assured, the ancient Bijou or Ford | Theater, and the razing of the Poll there will finally pass three interesting souvenirs of old-time Washington dramatic history. Btatistics show that the number of cigarettes consumed each year is enor- | mous. Only thore now growing ven- | erable can remember when any one | seen smoking a cigarette was con- | | temptuously referred to as a “dude.” | - P ] Sportsmanship, | “What's your aitbi?” asked an Ameri- can newspaper man of Dr. William | Tweddell, captain of the British Walker | Cup golf team, after the United States | had overwhelmingly swept to victory. | “what 1s an alibi, anyway?” inquired | Dr. ‘Tweddell, and, following an expla- | nation, he sald, “We were simply out ipllyrd That's all. There is no alibi. !" There 15 & world of sportsmanship in | that remark of the British team cap- [tain, His players had suffered defeat | by & greater margin than ever before. | | His team, loser in every Walker Cup 1mnuh played between Britain and | try without two of its best players, in | & vain hope to stem the tide of Amer- | Uncle Eben United Btates, journeyed o this coun- | This decision. it 1 [leased it to 8 manager and it has been | 25pirants and his impressive proportions indicated, was reached as a Tesult of | operated for the public’s entertain- | have thus become familiar to the people | of both hemispheres. Probably Helmi will now quit the Channel game. It would be interesting to know just what he does between seasons. He is undoubtedly a strong swimmer. His numerous essays at crossing and his final achievement at- test to his prowess of muscle, Perhaps he can qualify now as a trainer of channelers, if that sport is to continue in vogue. He can hardly expect a career of public appearances, although there | would be a passing interest in him as {one of the most | finally successful of the aspirants for indefatigable and this sort of fame. ‘There must be something of unusual quality about Helmi. Most men would have quit the game long ago, after such persistent failure. That he kept at it until he mastered the tides and cur- rents an” waves of that turbulent strip of water indfcates that he is an excep- | tional person. May he live long to enjoy the satisfaction of having finally made his goal! It is only In the kind of country singularly blessed in prosperity that a czlebration such as the e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSOX August Ordeal. It to the fiery furnace tossed, ‘We read about three children lost; The story every one must know Of Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego. Here we were in bliss complete ‘When along came August, with its heat And each has felt the flery glow Like Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego. But mortals now are favored men And when the Autumn comes again, The sweet reward of faith we know Like Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego. Publicity Strategem. . “I understand you have a plan for monopolizing radio.” “I have,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “I propose to subsidize all the jazz orchestras and then refuse to let them play until I have finished Defeated Purpose. Some propaganda they would quote With method so clever. The history that they rewrote Is duller than ever! Jud Tunkins says the only man he ever knew who made a success of the get-rich-quick game was a prizefighter. Dependence of the Farm. “You are still demanding farm re- lef2" “I am,” answered Farmer Corntossel, “I won't be able to keep the old place going unless I can round up enough political influence to get one or two mope members of my family Govern- ment jobs.” “Envy,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is a confession of in- feriority.” Sure Punishment. A guilty consclence says to me Your motor car too long may be Parked at the curb where others stray, You'd best get out and move away! { Though crooks may rob and even kill The curb policeman lofters still— The great and surely punished crime Is that of Parking Over Time. “It’s possible to be too lucky,” sald “Four aces held once makes you an object of admiration After dat it’s lable to make you an object of suspicion.” UNITED STATES N WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today. After five days of the most stubborn fighting the Americans have so far un- dergone, against four German divisions, our men reach Terny-Sorny and the Solssons-Bt. Quentin highway. The | Germans put up the flercest sort of re- | ststance in an attempt to hold this key A position. triple barrage of American Artillery so demoralized the that the Infantry advance was com- Bflrfllvtly eu{v In reaching the em- ankments of the Bethune-Soissons | highway American troops literally cut their way through acres /and acres of barbed wire and were compelled to overcome & trench system which ran along the hills like canals, * English, Scotch and Canadian troops, alded by tanks, today carried the fa- mous Queant-Crocourt “switeh line" on a front of approximately 6 miles and forced the ermans back with great loss, capturing thousand of prisoners in lone of the fiercest battles of the war “ ¢ » On the Lys front the British lcontinue o gain and have captured Neuve Eglise and advanced to the east lof Estaire. * * * One hundred and twenty-elght thousand three hundred and two prisoners have been taken by the aliles between July 15 and August 31, * * ¢+ Eight hundred and ten iea’s supremacy. And in only one of the matches between the pick of the ama~ teur golfers of the world was a Briton v names on today's casualty list, bringing the total for Army and Marines since we entered to 27,210 Germans, and kilied so many of them, BY THE RIGHT REV “Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses” (Hebrews, xii.1). The Unseen Witnesses. When we come to reckon with the forces that play about our lives we have to take cognizance of invisible forces. It is not merely the people with whom I consort day by day, those with whom I do business, those with whom I have social intercourse, that constitute the only, or indeed the chief. element in my life. Some one once said, “I am a part of all that I have met,” by which he meant to imply that he was the living expression of all the influences, personalities, books, etc, that had | played about his life. We are in very fact the “heirs of all the ages.” We | cannot isolate ourselves or separate | ourselves from thoseewho have con- | tributed to the making of what we are. When an Englishman walks in West- minster Abbey and studies the tombs and tablets that adorn i, he must be impressed with the fact that he is the inheritor of a great and glowing past. The writer of the above verse has been rehearsing in the ding chapter the brilliant story of the past history of his people. He has been recalling the names of those distinguished men and women who, in various generations, had witnessed to the high ideals of faith. Dr. Jowett calls this chapter, the “Westminster Abbey of the New Testament.” There can be no donbt about it where we have the conscious- ness that we are constantly living as in the presence of those who are out of sight, that we are the recipients and trustees of what they in their genera- tion have contributed to the enrich- ment of humanity, it brings not only a sense of added responsibility, but as well of increased inspiration to larger and finer service. It links the past with the present. It makes the whale story of human existence an unfinished and ever-expanding book to which we, EVERYDAY RELIGION JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., LL. D, Bishop of Washington ,in our turn, contribute our part. would not if we could, here in America, separate ourselves from those great personalities that have made and pre- served as a Nation. When it comes to those things which relate themselves to our individual lives it is a source of refreshment to feel that we are day by day in some respects under the in- fluences of those whose personal touch we no longer feel. Mari® Corelll must have had this in mind when she wrote, “It is not death to live in the hearts of those who love us.” She was thinking of herself as a continuing witness of the further and fuller expression of that to which she had dedicated her life. Every one of us has a consistent desire to leave to those we love those clements in our nature which are the strongest and finest we possess. We yearn to feel that those who are to follow after us are to carry on and render more perfect that which we undertook to do. It is safe to say that one of the chief elements that con- tribute to the higher fulfiliment of our better and nobler impulses proceeds from the thought that we are the trustees of the gifts that have been transmitted to us. Many of us ars living better and cleaner lives today be- cause we have the consclousness that there are eyes upon us, filled with ex- pectation and hope, that are ever look- ing to see in us the highest fulfillment of life’s purest and noblest ideals. Sure- Iy here we have one of the finest ex- pressions of immortality. In our bettet hours when we think more deeply of the reality of that which is unseen, we feel the consciousness of the continuin: vresence of those we have loved and lost awhile. Surely this is what the noet had in mind when he wrote the lines “And ever near us, though unseen, The dear, immortal spirits tread, For all the boundless universe is life, ‘There are no dead.” iReal Wet-Dry Fight Is for the BY WILLIAM HARD. In this topsy-turvey campaign the wets and drys continue to a{rumfle fiercely over the presidency in the course of their efforts to settle a legisla- tive question—namely, prohibition—and continue to give relatively scant atten- tion to the legislative body: me! Congress—which alone can fund: mentally deal with that question. Nevertheless, at this week some faint general national interest in the wet and dry composition of the next Con- gress was aroused as numerous local campaigns for the Senate and for the House of Representatives began to get actually under way. In reference to the Senate, it can be sald flllw that the chances of the wets to control any appreciable part of that body in the next Congress are small, in- deed. The Senate is politically over- whelmingly dry and is destined to re- main so for apparently a considerable | length of time to come. On this point an interesting clash of incidental argufying arisss xox %o | Some drys have maintained thal if Gov. Smith is elected he will “'pack’ the Supreme Court with judges who will give a wet wrench to the eighteenth amendment in their judicial interpre- tation of it. The wets, on the other hand, observe that if Gov, Smith, as President, should attempt any such thing, his nomina- umsw'%zSuvrmmcvunwouth extremely ltkely to be rejected by the dominant crushing senatorial dry ma- jority. It is not at all beyond the Senate to make its views on such a revail decisively over those of e White House. mcomm: then to the House of Repre- sentatives, we approach the scene of the true impending struggle. ThE House, rather than the Senate, will b2 the arena of the activities of the re- viving wets, This is, of course. because it 1s easier to carry congressional dis- tricts for the new idea of “modifica- {tion” than it is to carry whole States atorially for it. n"‘l'ne Aszoclluon Against the Prohi- bitlon Amendment maintains that in the present House of Representatives there are 63 wets. Mr. Emmet Dough- erty of the association lists these wets by name, and they can be regarded as the tried-and-true soldiers of the wet cause. To them this writer adds 21 other Representatives who, on February 15 Jast, voted on the wet side of a_Hous> Toll call designed to take the Federal Government out of the business of vut- ting deadly poisons into alcohol which might subsequen‘:;y be bootlegged into being used as a beverage, 1“‘}\‘“ calculation produces an out- side maximum total of 84 wets in the present House of Representatives out of a membership of 435. P In other words, less than 20 per cent of the membership of the present House of Representatives can be count- ed upon to vote for even curing the so-called “abuses” of the Volstead law. Tt is impartially and sclentifically manifest accordingly that the wets have a long way to go before they can be | genuinely and powerfully influential in the lower house of Conaress. where the «tart toward any modification of the | Volstead law and toward any Tepenl- ing of the eighteenth amendment must de. b e Association Against the Prohi- bition Amendment is sending to every | present candidate for the House of Rep- resentatives a questionnaire calculated to put him on absolute record on ohibition lesue. per.b;}enrv H. Curran, the president of the association, says: The. Assoclation Against the Prohi- | bition Amendment will give supvort to |all congressional candidates who are fighting Zor the nrinciples for which our acenciation stands. Active campaigns will be woged in manv districts. and |in some of these we feel certain wet | members will be victorious.” |7 Most obseryers ~ e of the oninfon that if the wets should add 16 to their pres- |ent strength in the House. and should come to having a total of 100 wet votes In a House membership of 435, they wonld be elated | " certatnly their dry opnonents would be depressed and alarmed by any such outcome. | R Dr. Edwin C. Dinwiddie, superintend- ent of the M itional Temperance Bu- reau and national chief templar of the Nationa! Grand Lodge of Good Tem- nlars, who was among the foremost in- fluenves in nromotine the adoption of th eighteenth smendment nd who ro- | mains among the stroneest forces in now securing its retention, states to this writer: “I feel confident that in the House of Renresentatives in the next Con- gress the dry forces are more apt to i(lln representation than they are to ose, " Similarly Dr. F. Scott MeBride. gen- eral superintendent of the Anti-Saloon i League of America, states to this writer: “The nominations and developments which so far have happened woulid in- dicate that in the House of Represent- atives the dry vote In the next Congress will show no slump, but on the contrary will probahly show a slight increase. These statements have some welzht since thev com» from gentlomen about whom 1t s difficult to sav whether the wets detest them more for being “re- formers” or more for being “practical politicians. " On the other han' It s eertainly trie that in New York ai'd in Illinols and in California and I Wisconsin and iIn North Dakota, taken togethor, there are numerous districts which on referen- dums have voted wet, bul which are sUll represented in the House by dry . | exhausted physical energies. of Campaign Control of Congress members. From such districts some day a wet gain might reasonably be ex- pected. ERE At present, and in conclusion, it can appropriately be observed that more than half of the present wet strength in the House of Representatives is con- centrated on a line from Washington to Baltimore to Philadelphia to Jersey City to 12w York City to Boston. Forty- five out of the 84 wet members of the House reside along that line. The remaining wets are principally found sprinkled, in numbers ranging from 1 to 6, through urban centers such as Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Cleveland, Cin- cinnati, Chicago, St. Louls, Denver and San Francisco. Among the few States in which the wet cause has shown any mounting power in rural districts are Louisiana, Wisconsin and (in the recent referen- dum) North Dakota. Until—if ever our rural districts throughout the coun- try begin more generally to go wet, the endeavors of the representatives of wet cities in the lower house will continue in any case to be frustrated by the rural dry majority in the Senate. (Copyright. 1928 R Labor Day Finds Gain Toward Five-Day Week | ™ - _ BY' HARDEN COLFAX. Labor day of 1928 finds the organé ized workers of the United States ap- proaching high tide of their effost to bring about a five-day work week, with hundrc?l of p'l:mnnx:fidl already on that basis of employmen A century ago, the forefathers of the present generation economic and social campaigners were beginning ne- tiations for the reduction of working fx?mrs to ten a day, six days a week. By 1840, the ten-hour day was the custom in most trades. In 1884, the campaign for the eight-hour day .as- sumed organized form. ‘Advocates of the five-day, 40-hour week will speak from hundreds of plat- forms tomorrow at eellebnl.hma of the holiday honoring workers. 'rheyAmerlcln Federation of Labor two years ago adopted a program look- ing toward adoption of the five-day week u\mumnn campaign of educa- tion, recognizing that it could not be accomplished against stubborn ur.po.l tion, nor in all industries immediately. At the annual convention to be held in New Orleans in November, the executive committee will be able to re- port definite progress. The campaign is more extensive than generally rec- ognized. The five- week already has been established by some plants in many lines—automotive, construc- tion, printing, garment-manufacturing, mining, steel, etc.—often by employers at their own suggestion. * ok K K Speaking the past week at the con- vention of the New York State Fed- eration of Labor at Rochester, William Green, president of the American Fed- eration of Labor, pointed out that the object of niged labor is the same wage for a five-day weck as for a six or five-and-a-half-day week. “High wages and greater production go hand in hand and combine to make a high standard of living,” the labor chieftain sald, adding that “the productivity of the American worker has increased 25 to 50 per cent within the last 10 years.” Behind the movement for the short- er work week are two ideas: First, the worker should be given of ity for greater rest and recreatiol larly in those occupations cialization and standardization mean that the employe performs the same task with a machine steadily, making one relatively small part of a great whole; secondly, the Increase of ma- chinery fn production has displaced so many workers that there are not as many jobs as formerly, output consid- ered. o ow o Trade disputes are on the decline The number of serfous strikes, or lock- outs, 15 decreasing steadily, particu- larly in the United States. The Na- tional Industrial Conference Board an- nounced the results of a study of con- ditions in eight countries, showing that the ratio of workers involved in indus- trial disputes was 3 per thousand in 1927 as against 40 per thousand in 1019 in the United States, with similar decrenses in the other countries with the exception of Australia, where an increase was recorded. Employment in selected manufactur- tng industries, as reromd by the De- partment of Labor, is tending upward after a slump, but in July was 3 per cent below the level of che same month with pay rolls 1.9 smaller, plaining the movement for the shorter work week, President Green of the American Federation of Labor has pointed out the federation’s position as involving both wages and hours. “As the worker's productivity in- creases, his wages first of all must in- crease in proportion in order that they shall help to absorb this increased out- put,” Mr. Cireen has said. “Secondly, there must be a progressive reduction of the hours of labor, so that men and women may have time to rebulld This is more than ever important in the highly specialized processes of modern in- dustry, where speed and monotony tax physical resistance to the utmost.” “The tendency of modern Iindustry to produce goods in larger and larger quantities calls for a continuing in- crease n power to buy on the part of the public,” the same authority in the shorter-week movement says. “"When the balance between these two economic forces * * * is not kept and pro- t | our commonwealth, James Barbour, who Capital Sidelights Now that the nations of the world are to the American Congress for guidance in_international affairs, Rep- resentative R. Walton Moore of Vir- ginia, one of the outstanding students of governmental reforms, reminds us that “in the early days there were no standing committees to handle foreign business in either branch of Congress. Prior to those committees being formed,” he mlnu out, “the messages of the Presidents, so far as they touched upon foreign affairs, were distributed among varfous committees, or were turned over | to special committees raised for the pur- pose when particular matters required consideration. “It {s with something of pride. as a Virginian,” he says, “that I recall that in 1816, when the Senate committee on foreign relations, which has become so powerful and influential, was establish- ed, that was done under the leadership of one of the predecessors of Gov. Byrd in the office of the chief executive of | was also Secretary of War in the ad- ministration of President John Quincy Adams and later Minister to England. “And I believe that when in 1820 the House committee on foreign affairs was created, that was done under the lead- | ership of ‘another Virginian, Represent- ative Hugh Nelson. Before that, be- tween 1909 and 1920, there was a House special committee on foreign affairs. “In the period from 1909 until Mr. Flood away there were 40 chair- men of the special and standing House committees, and of those 40 chairmen, 6 of whom were Virginians, but 1 exceeded Mr. Flood in length of service, and that was Representative N. B. Banks, who for a while served as Speak- er of the House. Next to him Mr. Flood | and Representative Archer of Virginia, | | who afterward became a Senator, served | | each for a term of six ycars. | “This committee, so far as the office of chairman is concerned, has had a pecullarly distinguished record. Let me | mention some of the very eminent states- | |fled and authorized nurses give these HOME HYGIENE BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. ‘There are more than half a million persons in the United States who have certificates the ion of which means that they know the amount of sleep required for children from the ages anywhere from 12 months to 16 years. They can recognize indications, that a baby is mot thriving and what steps to take for it. They can give a bath to a person in bed and change the linen on an occupied bed. Another quarter of a milion have enrolled in courses and doubtless have received some benefit, but for one rea- son or another did not earn the testi- monials that mark them as more capa- ble citizens. During the past year 59,691 students have been under instruction, two-thirds of that number having already received their certificates. Those who were en- rolled in school classes numbered 44,215. The rest may have received their in- struction through the Girl Scouts and adult classes of various kinds, all of them, however, being_under the direc- tion of the American Red Cross. Quali- courses in community groups, for fac: tory, office and industrial workers, in the prisons, among the foreign-born, in rural sections and even in the iso- lated mountain In Chicago alone eight or nine mmuk-l ;.;lrl and students received instruction home hyglene and care of the sick last year. Pittsburgh taught about 3.500, and other cities equally large numbers. The mstruction offered by the Red Cross can be used as the standard coursz, or modified for those who are incapable of taking such advanced work. The standard course is taught those in the junior or third year of high school ard above, and the modifi- cation which is suitable for children from the seventh to tenth grades is “There was Nathaniel Macon of North Carolina, for a time Speaker, afterward a member of the Senate and It: presid- ing officer, and known throughout the country as one of the most conspicuous and trusted leaders of his party. “Another was John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, Secretary of War, United States Senator and Vice Presi- dent. “Another—the memory of great men sometimes fades out and they are for- gotten—was John Forsyth of Georgia, Senator, Secretary of State and Min- ister to Spain. “Another was the wonderful orator, Edward Everett of Massachusetts, Sec- retary of State and also Minister to Spain. “Another was Caleb Cushing of Mas- sachusetts, who was Attorney General. and in many flelds of action {llustrated ability for service to the country. “Another was a very noted orator, who in his day was constantly in the eye of the public, Thomas Corwin of Ohlo, first & Rej tative and then a Senator, gecre of State and Minister to “Another was John J. Crittenden of Kentucky, who served in the Senate and as Attorney General.” * ok Kk Representative Robert Luce of Mas- sachusetts, chairman of the House com- mittee on the Library, who fathered the resolution providing for participation by the Federal Government in the semi- centennial celebration next February of the capture by George Rogers Clark of Fort Sackville, at what is now Vin- cennes, Ind., which eventually breught into the Union what was known s the Great Northwest Territory, has had so many requests for a brief summary of Clark’s heroic exploit that he has pre- pared the following, which is being sent O Srat & prest enterprise boldly and “It was a great en 1 y an kil ved, heroically executed. . & young Kentucky ploneer from ‘Virginia, conceived that the way to pro- tect the infant sgttlements of the Ohio Valley, to win the favor of menacing Indians between the Ohio and the Lakes, to oust the British from the vast region that had been yielded to them by the Prench. and thus to remove the menace from the rear that in the dark- est months in the Revolutionary War threatened ominously the States strung along the seaboard. was to strike the enemy unexpectedlv on the flank and from behind. To that end in the Sum- mer of 1778, with a force of less than 200 men, he started downstream from the Falls of the Ohlo. Leaving the river near the mouth of the Tennessee, he marched overland and took Kaskaskia, & thriving French town near the Mis- sissippl. and then Cahokia. farther up, near what is now St. Louis. Next he sent & detachment eastward to Vin- cennes, on what is now the Indiana bank of the Wabash River. It yielded without resistance. “When the news of this reached Col. Hamilton. leutenant governor of the Western British possessions, with head- quarters at Detroit, he marched at the head of a considerable force to recover the Illinois territory and had no trouble in overpowering the few men who were garrisoning Fort Sackville at Vincennes. ‘There he prepared to pass the Winter, never dreaming that he might be at- tacked at that time of the year. Clark, however, frontiersman and fighter, pald no heed to the perils of the season, ai early in February of about 130 men, started through the raing and mud of an Illinols Winter on his audsefous march. It proved to be of nearly 240 miles, by reason of de- tours to avoid the areas deeply over- flowed and to reach places where the swollen streams cou'd be crossed. Th desperate venture is not equaled in American annals, nor surpsssed by any in the recorded history of any other |land. For nearly three weeks they struggled through the mive, often wad- ing, sometimes up to their necks in the fcy waters, For the last six days they were virtually without food. Hamilton, completely taken by surprise, quickly surrendered. Without the loss of a man Clark thus gained possession of the town and the fort, with the garrison and colonel prisoners of war. “Clark hoped to follow this up with the capture of Detroit. Circumstances frus- trated him. but the hold of the British on the region had been so shaken that | thereafter such offensives as came from | the Lakes were fruitless, and though In- dian trouble continued, Clark's achieve- ment, by giving the Kentucky region se- | curity enough to encourage the Incom- | ing of many more settlers, had so in- | erensed the number of fighting men and the volume of supplies as to make the conquest permanent, By the time of the treaty of peace American dominance of the Ohio Valley was so clear that England made no persistent attempt to assert title to the vast region involved. This was the region that became the States of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illi- nois and Michigan, with possibly Wi consin, Towa, Minnesota and the Da. kotas to be included.” ducing power rntlm over buying power the wheels of industry must stand still until buying power again catches nu;‘ This results in unemployment, whicl in turn makes consuming power still less because persons who are not earn- ing have no n?w: \:It.h which to buy. * “Our producing wer has gone ahead so fast that it ruunuud many of our baslc industries, if they were to work at full capacity, could produce in six months more is now con- sumed in a year. And many large manufacturing establishments close thelr doors for weeks each year for Iack of people to buy their products. ‘These and other similar facts in- dicate that it takes much less time to took before the modern improvements were introduced. A great deal of this extra time is now wasted in unemploy- ment and seasonal slack periods. * * * flumly belleves that introducing the five-day week is a definite step toward an adjustment that will dist ite the spare time over the whole year instead of lumping it unemployment.” (Copyright. 1938} | his great capacity, his learning and his | nd 1779, with only | 4o produce goods which we need than Ill ‘The Americap Federation of Labor | | men who have filled the chairmanship. | also given to those adults who do not understand English. Although a certain prescribed con- tent must be used by the instructor it can be adapted to her own teaching methods. The work can be made to suit grade, high school and college stu- dents and adults. There are certain results observed wherever the course is given. There is always an improvment noted in home and community conditions, and many of the girls, hundreds of them, have gone on into regular nurse's train- ing. Home hyglene gives families op- portunity to make the most of their background by taking care of them- selves intelligently. Training Is Practical. One young girl had to withdraw from classes before their completion in order {to take care of her mother, who had had a stroke of paralysis. She testified her appreciation of the instruction, which proved to be so practical for her. Proper bed making, cleanliness—per- sonal and of the homiz—as well as knowledge of care of the sick members of a family all contribute to im- provement. In one class the Students sent samples of water from their wells to a bacteriologist who reported they were nearly all contaminated. Immediately Which Testited 1 property guarded wnd resul proper! maintained water suj .w g After the flood w! struck Vermont with lightninglike suddenness and de- struction girls who had received in- struction acted as nurses’ aides, making beds in the tem hospitals and doing much to make themselves useful in the emer; Almost all who have received the benefits of instruction tell how much they enjoy the part of the course de- vogd to mim care of a baby. Isually are ted through a local chapter of &T“ned Cross, for it is the policy of the nas tional organization to encourage work to be done locally by local . Some of the instruction in the schools has been supported by donations of the chapters. However, there are now many school boards which have incorporated the courses both in the curricuium and in the budget. Factory managers have assigned their staff nurses and also given half-time to workers who will give the other half in exchange for instruction in care of themselves and others. State prisons conduct classes; the new Federal prison for women in West Virginia, and other institutions such as orphanages and industrial schools are giving their people these advantages. Here the students can gain practical instruction by caring for each other under the supervision of a nurse when they are laid up. The classes for the foreign-born women are a piece of work In Americanization. Men and Boys Take Courses. Surprising as it may seem boys and men not only take these courses, but 2 The youngsters hear - | request them. about them from their sisters and want informed. They like take care of their be Walter Johnsons and they like the to be as fully kmm’nmm health in order to munity w programs. ug! they may protest at taking baby sister out when at home, many of them write that they like the instruction in baby care. The classic testimony is that of the 11-year-old who wrote his indorse~ ment that he “might marry a lady who diin'! know how to take care of a . Many of the older men hear of the course when they are taking first aid instruction. Some of them are husbands whose wives can not leave their families long enough to take the minimum of 24 class hours and who want their homes to gain the advantages of the study of health habits, prevention, and home care of the sick. Others become interested when they hear their wives talk about the course. It is difficult to choose between ti benefits gained from health educatic 1 in rural and urban districts. In the ovei- o nowleige of hyglent as perietratcd, no knowl of hygiene has pen: , it is really missionary work. For the young mothers who wish to learn the best way to bring up their children it brings its blessings. Farms and Mountains. In the isolated farm regions, where the doctor is sometimes 20 miles awa" and there is only one nurse in a coun’ the benefits of this Instruction obyious. In the mountain schools of those old territorics, where old English is spoken, habit and custom rule, and even super- sition reigns, girls learn to discard many beliefs and substitute facts. They learn that it is not unlucky to cut the finger nails of the bedridden and that it is not a mark of respect and honor for children to witness the death strug- gles of their elders. Among what has been termed by a teacher the “underprivileg- Fifty Years Agol In The Star So great has been the advance in naval construction during the past 50 . ) years that the followin: Ericsson’s In The str of ‘August ly , a strange Destroyer. ¢’ somewnat prophetic tone: ““Wooden ships of war have had their day; iron ships have been ally re- placed by those clad in steel; the time has come for another revolution in naval warfare. If Ericsson’s torpedo boat, which is now completed, acts as Iew# it will bemthe means of work- ing this change. years Europe has been builidng immense ironclads, and the ingenuity of her inventors has been taxed to make the walls of these float- ing fortresses impenetrable. The ves- sels resulting are heavy, clumsy and unwieldy. As the projectile force of cannon has increased with the thick- ening and strengthening of armor, the ironclads have not by any means at- tained invulnerability. The prlnels:: effect of the heavy mass of metal un which the vessels stagger seems to be to render them unseaworthy and un- manageable. They do not wait for the shots of the enemy before they go wn. The foundering of the English vessel, the ill-fated Vanguard, and the disaster which befell the Grosser Kur- furst are incidents suggestive in this connection. “There seems to be a tendency now to adopt a steel-clad model of little weight and great speed, carrying a few heavy guns. But the ironclad still holds its own, with vigor. The Dan- dolo, launched not long 0 by the Italian government, is a two-turreted vessel of this class, 7,500 10,569 tons and armed with four guns, each weighing 100 tons. And twoships even larger are now in course of build- ing at Leghorn. “As the United States has no navy which is of any e under the present conditions of naval warfare, a radical change in these conditions which shall make the formidable na- vies of the European powers harmless and valueless will, of course, be re- celved in this country with satis | tion. “Capt. Ericsson’s invention will, it is | believed, effect this revolution. A shark-shaped ironclad boat, only 130 | feet in length, which can rush through [the water at a marvelous si . can sink itself when under fire, so low in the water that no vital part is exposed, and project a torpedo, charged with dynamite, through the water for the first 250 feet at the 1 of 60 miles an hour, is the new vessel, the De- woyer, with which we are to defend our shores. “A compressed air engine di the tor with {rresistil against its hull and down Dandolo or the Inflexible as wal rushes into its broken side. And the process may be repeated on all the ves- sels in an invading fleet. Meanwhile the smokestack of the Destroyer may have been shattered by the broadsides of the fleet and the iron-framed quar- ters for the officers broken into pleces. But the crew of ten or twelve men are p.rfectly safe, and the destroyer can disport itself among the vessels of a hostile navy with impunity. “The exploits w! '2‘:’ is urofid to perform remind one of the achlevements of the remarkable sub- marine vessel which the fertile ination of Jules Verne sent u:ounty thousand leagues under the sea. Capt. Ericsson belleves that one of his ves- sels in each important harbor will be n effective defense agalnst forelgn in- vasion. If the Destroyer really de- stroys, as expected, the money which [wn haven't spent on ironclads and coast fortifications is so much gained.” P Sweet Words. From the Philadelphia Eventng Bulletin Passengers In a crashing plane will This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. Rhoda, daughter of wmf:?av; ::r:er;;nbu history wP:s“b;ld ?el:t ek, an exceptionabls Jack Spratt dl.!cov’ged :m'e !:m::e alley behind the row of althea bushes, ;::«2 meowed heartily to signalize his Rhoda is about a foot long, tri construction, with a very neat !fiturl'lcmllu particularly pretty leZ5. Her coat, how- g, Htr greatest charm, next to the - A ah;ll det:ll u:eo. ;lhhmem which we hoda’s coat is pure white, wit saddle of mixed light tan and ;:'Ifls. which design in a strictly ;modernistie m:tdem is repeated on the top of her What makes her unique is that th tan is so light, and 5o fn contrast with m_zr;"very gray, that it looks pink. p gives Peter Paul's offspring a decided! mm-w- the - ll‘l-l!llc' lohok whicin of her me: mouth. This mouth would m‘: her as Peter Paul's, if there were no nu;e'wuh of identification. 'S paw was against eve: 9 A P sp‘r ing and playing * x o Rhoda’s distincti i “c?g : ction is that she is fond fee is poison to most cats a fee-drinking dog, bum Fdomw b u;“d. , but - lelng-qum:( - g Cats, one might say. as a rule have too much sense to drink this favorite beverage of mankind. They prefer lain water or milk, the latter with a ttle cream in it, if you please. Rhoda, however, likes her coffee. A cup at breakfast is sufficient. This she prefers in the cup, with plenty of cream and sugar. The cream, we belleve, is the trick. Personally, e 1k byt cup. Countermen have a tender regard for their employer's money. Maybe | they think that by saving him cream | money they will be rewarded, maybe, with a slice of it for themselves. 2 ‘Well, maybe. ook ox “Let's see if she will drink coffee." The remark was made more in jest. than anything else, since Jack ?rm and his two furry friends, Nipper I and II, had all turned up their already tm_'rnhe:-up noses hlt it. Te Was about a quarter of a of coffee left. This was on m‘g floor. Rhoda approached it with inter« est, firmly convinced that her new friends knew what was good for her. Without hesitation she stuck her head down into the cup, and gave a tentative lap at the contents. tall ‘There she stood, her gray s waving gently to and fro, her down in the cup, drinking the coffee up. When she had finished, she looked around for more. The remains of a mnd:‘u&:l‘::lumw her, this she drank gusto, wash! face afterward, with real ennlanh&.' v L O Rhoda gets quite festive nigh comes on. l!!?e leaps : — : Gaports herselt s o rsel an . ish !hl:mnnuc e . hops after the fashion of & rab- | bit, leaping from xuu to °ph.oo S if pushed by Invisible springs. Once she started to investigate a tray full of :neuv'rlgg ‘Enu;l'ah!w had been takei | cabinet and placed h meut on the wrt‘n.oow Al e ng on her hind X at the drawer, which lm‘m‘ldlu::e 'l::‘\ over on her head, scattering S for ete., find comfort in the War Dopartment assurance that a man cannot fall faster than 118 miles an hour no matter how far he m ' scissors, spools of read, square feet in all dln:'t‘hu. A fe and pins in her wn' Rhoda i AWAY, carTy! fur. “Never touc! M A h.’l_nd me!" her round