Evening Star Newspaper, September 2, 1928, Page 13

SUNDAY ,SPOILS SYSTEM FADING AS PROTECTIVE LAWS GROW Employes Warned Against Certain Polit- ical Activity as Present Campaign Increases in Intensity. {TON, »Pn;'t 2—]2 P;ées |7\'1 HOPE AND SKEPTICISM MARK ANTLWAR PACT es in Europe Expect New Rhineland Problem One Greal Cloud on Horizon. Ma in Tune With World Co-operation. braces 422,000 Govern- subject to competitive BY DONALD A. CRAIG. |and it now em s P not to the Himbo of forgotten or | Ient positions, entirely discarded things, certainly | ““The eivil service system, even today, to that borderland of things which | hag 1t opponents. Even its friends it is no longer in good taste for | aqmit that it is still on trial, but they presidential campaign managers 0 | sontend that the American people dur- discuss openly and with their former |no the years since 1883 have come to gusto, has been relegated that once pop- | pelieve rather generally in it, and would ular ' American political principle—to | never be willing to return to the spolls the victors belong_the spoils. | system. The spoils system was once a recog- The most recent and spectacular ex- nized part of our political system. It' tension of the civil service law was is no longer o, and has not been for | made by the last Congress whem 1% many years. There are traces of it left placed all of the empmygs—evcrybo:l Prohi- Keen observers of European afiairs detect in the reaction to the signing of the Keilogg pact outlawing war a_marked diflerence between the views of officialdom and the masses of the people. Cynicism tinges the one, while appreciation and optimism distinguish the other. In ‘the following dispatch, A. G. Gardiner, the great English Liberal editor. and Gerville Reache, noted French publicist, discuss the impres- sion that the pact has had upon Europe and note that what the ministers think is negligible compared with popular approval of the treaty. Both the French and English cre in agree that American participation in European afairs is now mu n, but stumbdling dlocks th of the Kellogg trea te reparations and debt nd occupatio the BY A G. GARDINER ARIS.—The m and cternal vigilance is necessary to | except the commissioner of the pe infon h: keep it from developing under cover | pitjon Bureau——under the civil service. again. But the laws of Congress, en- It was done by special act, and even an oj acted for the express purpose of stamp- | the prohibition directors throughout th> ing out this practice and protecting the ' country were compelled to pass exami- | Government_employe in_his joh, are | nations to hold their positions. i being executed by men thoroughly fa- | There are at present approximateiy miliar with the subject and capable of | 140,000 Government positions not unde. carrying out the law's intent. the civil service. While no attempt will be made herc to give in detail the regulations of th> civil service, issued in pursuance of th> litical activity of Gov- as these orders al- war each country jan press has practically ob- Count Manzoni's _signature - the treaty by insinuating com- among them the ' ments. Rome does not admit the status that in view of the 'quo consecrated by the Kellogg pact election and the word to the wise,is sufficient is reticent. The Communist Employes Cautioned. The subject is one of special interest fo the great army of Government em- law against ployes in Washington and in the fleld. lemmegt employes, curios hJ aliegatic that Herbert Hoover Moscow is too pro-English a formal visit of the | papers contend that peace can come | Republican Secretary of State here was | about only when capitalism disappears : It is unusual interest in this presi- | ready have been printed in the new electorally undesirable. and that the treaty is directed against dential year. This campaign is de- | columns—some of the broad principles such more intelligible explanation | the Soviet republics | | veloping considerable heat and is likely | may be mentioned. It is, for instan 15 the absence of the whole official | The German Nationalists, liksewise ‘o develop more. Managers of both unlawful for a superior to use his au- i from London, especially Foreign | re unsparing in their sarcasm. °War parties will endeavor to take to the | thority to force a political contribution s Chamberiain, who. after a | banished for a half hour,” and “Almost polls every possible voter. Party | from any employe under him under has started on a long | like Hollywood.” are typical of the workers wiil be in greater demand than | penalty of degradation or removal. Tt sca voyage which will take him through ironical headlines on German dispatches ever. also prevents the ranks from organiz - Canal to the Pacific Coast from Paris. } : Government employes who would | ing among themselves. The French militarists also consider | i o obey the law have been cautioned this E The employe is left, free to give wha' world is discuss- that nothing has been settled, and that | g Or | year to watch their stepé with care. | he desires voluntarily for political pur- ficance of the Kellogg visit | the treaty was signed “under the sway * *‘ i Neither Congress, nor the Civil Serv- | poses, but prevents him from being on of reality of the afore- | Of Teticence and postponement.” ¢ m. 'n ice Commission, which administers this | compelled to give what he does not ¢ of peace. % Masses Not Pessimisti Yo, o particular law, desires to interfere with | want to give. One kind of political signing of the war outlawry S S 3 R harmless discussions of political subjects | activity forbidden—to quote from 2 the start of a mew world era | ,, But the European masses do not share o | by Government employes, whose right | recent official statement of the com- Iy a splendid but empty gesture? | Lol Pessimism. They consider. rightly | | to take sides and vote—if they are for- | mission—is that which passes from view is expressed in a that certain progress had'been made | tunate enough to have a vote—for any | the mouth of a chief of division along toon hflprr—vn"mg‘ Foreign Min- | 0% the long and difficult road to uni- | | one they please is f recognized. It |the line of desks that the chief wil! Briand taking farewell of Mr. | SThl Peace by making war illegal and | | is only “pernicious” political activity | look with favor upon good returns from logs with the words: ~Going already, | (2KINE away the charter of divine| | that is prohibited, o precinct, elections. That may no! Jeur Kellogg? Won't you stay for | "Eac The Civil Service Commission has re- | mean anything to the voteless resident: © our Rhineland maneuvers? = FU pEDEe muns e R cently printed and posted in prominent | of &ashington, but it is pretty im hineland m TS for in the near future the treaty | | places, where it will be seen by classi- | portant to Government employes i Shadow Over Situation. will be put to the test. Discussions | fied employes, a warning against cer-|the States. . g the League assembly meeting at Genev | tain kinds of political activity on the | serious comme 2t _dwells in the | will be dominated by the Kellogg treaty. part of employes. It embodies principles Leaves Thought Free. the mecting of Premier Poin- Among other important questions, the laid down in the civil service law and| “We conclude,” says a recent stat Foreign Minister Stresemann | general secretary's repoft will permit | the criminal code. Postmaster General | ment by the commission, “that there i to the Rhineland occupa- | raising again of the disarmament ques- | New has also issued an order of cau- |neither abridgment of freedom of tion revealed that the French premier | tion, and possibly the fixing of the date tion to postmasters. speech, in the proper sense of the word, was entirelv obdurate, insisting there | for another disarmament conference. | | These warnings are similar to those por any abridgment of proper litica: ;; e mu‘mndb:t & B‘;""pn“ Se‘m"' Italy ""1‘7“'1 opposes d‘“fiflfln of a T — —— issued :n nl:(her recent campaigns and no | activity save as the officehol '}l'l.f ent linking debts and reparations. | general plan for European di t. | ; W el . g new signific * o . o ac he Dnited States i not ready | But now that the Franco-British com- | CHARLES EVANS HUGHES (HarrivEwing Phota) AND THE WORLD COURT BUILDING. R e e P T i e consideration of that course od | - s, oV h many must continue u? accept utS; x‘?f?"éh‘fi-eié'lhf%'igi‘f&?w’%’fii‘. BY WILLIAM HARD. successor may be. he's hound to be a|the volcanic age, when they were living | produced in him. ultimately, a quality ]"_:"’b:c';”':, *;‘,',:;::'figg “",‘:""“2; 'nho'glomen made lhermeunder R;: '::ded to tion of the Rhineland. ment Commission from completing the N starting to write these words about | 3% against whom in an argument | —so' to speak—in huts of lava. He of a superficially quite opposite sort.| considered so necessary, B meyemnde public se! Dememv , governed This stiff, unyielding attitude with | elaboration of general plan of action. | | * hariee: Evans Houghes-—now 5o soon | Some day 1 might turn out to be acti- | would come down trom there. tracing Mr. Hughes has led a iifeof the most | ere inearc of ¥, | hereb. li:x'dmdm R regard to the i t - 5 | alls v A v - y wholes 3 n a | : European system. i e Expect Cut in Taxes. R © Cout a member of | "Y'} o never been ight in any differ- | sions into their reiations with the Eng- | life even—if one may so express it | Change in Morals. aggression upon flfiwfl‘u?;'o;"mhwvtfi « the pact renouncing war, inasmuch as _ Taxpayers everywhere expect from | tional Justice—I motice with pain ence of opinion with Mr. Hughes. I|lish in the time of Rodney or some- | of hearty abstemiousness. He discovered | 1000 i< abundant evidence lhlt‘l‘hli;un ffl':mc‘?fls“mss o8 they 2 occupation i¢ indistinguishable from | the Kellogg pact a reduction of budget- | ¢ T am far from any printed ma- | #ould it in my office and see him going | body. He would then glance sum-|—when a Justice of the United States| . 1 "iqer " widely regarding some tribute ooy 3 please continuation of the Great War. | ary estimates devoted to the Army and | toria] or any penciled memoranda about | —0s I thought—wrong. I would pe marily at the dilemma which most con- | Supreme Court—that cigars slowed him | Ly 45" of “evolution, but most me | it leaves them ~ dzeen“u e ©On the other hand, the most favor- | Navy. The day when the military ex- | pin' ‘This, however, though perhaps |ceive that in his policy foward the Hon- | fronted and most puzzled him in hisfup a bit (so he thought) in his labors. | ™ aree leadily that there h“l’"m“’n argument upon tosre‘ l;‘m em' able impression has been created by the | penses of the signatory powers are re- | unlicky for me, may be fortunate for | duraneans, for instance, he was griev-|diplomatic dealings with certain Latin | Enough! He was through with tobacco. | comparatively Tecent years an evolu- restraining 'mmbu' the s mla from enthusiasm with which Dr. Stresemann | duced will mark fresh progress toward | the reader. I shall be unable to display | Ously in error. I would let the thing go | American countries, namely the diffi- i He just simply enthusiastically cut it gon “oboact o revolution, in public the forum's abuses. which, nml: was received in the streets of Paris and | Peace. R T Aict—any encyclopedic infor- | on. till I was perfectly sure that—ihis|culty of arriving at ‘sovernmental | out. The point of his way of doing| tOh BEOR & O practices | forments. lead to mmmh i the general view is held that public | Among other questiops likely to come | mation. 1 cannat even recollect the | time—I had him. Then I would repair | stability among them without the in-|it was that he was not—at bottom-—| tha¢ were considered to be generally ad. | not being used as a llg‘ & son of the subject of the pact is UP 8t Geneva, which cannot fail to | matden name of Mrs. Hughes, Nor can | 10 his office and engage him in conver- | dustrial development which could be|in his own mind—subjecting himself to | iccinte half a century or more ago strained construction it belleved " in advance of the attitude of the intcrest the United States, is interpreta- | 1 quote any of Mr. Hughes' profound | sation intended to enlighten him. | secured only by adequate financing and | a deprivation. No! He was gladly | ore regarded as corrupt now. it is a gag, it is a gag which those ~ advanice of the aititude of ‘BE | tion of the Monroe Doctrine. It will be | utiotances on the subject of the origin, | The trouble was, however, it would | the diffeulty (on the other hand) of | casting away a chain, T o020 by the asoepted thing that | ¥ear _ bave” volmbieily - WanEe =l made evident by the continued | Femembered that Costa Rica, answering | development, and futuristic prospects | soon appear that he had got up ovoild | hnding bankers who would dare to at-| He could be called austere, €Xcept| yhen a new party came into power the o, read disquiet expressed here re- | the league’s request to resume its place | of international law. regarding which {than I had, in addition to having stayed | tempt _that adequate financing until | that his mental outlook 1is not of | old party “rascals” must be turned out. One objection that has been raisec 12 the Anglo-French naval agree- | in the League, asked the council to|presently he will be one of eleven men | up later the night before, stadying. On governmental stability already had been | austerity. It is that of exhuberant | phe workers of the incoming party must against Lt:z present system is that ar which has not been allayed by give a final definition of the Monroe |making the world's final surmise and | the last day of his tenure of the office | established. enjoyment. He is in the true—and not} yave the as rewards of victory. employe is not allowed to be an ofleemf he denunciation by Sir Austen Cham- ,Doctrine and of the obligations of | guess. | of Secretary of State he arrived at the| In other words, he would exhibit such | in the derived and distorted and false [ One day in 1832 the famous Henry |Of & political club. 1t is explained i beriain of the letter published in | League members concerning it. Whatever T shall say will have to be |State Department along about five or a frightful knowledge of the whole | —sense of the word an emculx;n: “H.e Clay of Kentucky charged the poli- | the commission has held u:uemy e o e e foruem taerying | The Argentine delegate, fepresenting | grawn entirely from my purely personal | £ix o'clock in the morning Nor was situation that the presumption would | picks the world's offerings which it 18| tictans of New York State with resort- |2 classified employe may be & member intrinsic evidence that it emanated from | 1S government. considers the Monroe | opservations and impressions of the | this because he had knocked off from | be overwhelming that his remedy for it | Wholesome to enjoy and then he €njoss | ing to corrupt methods. Senator Mar- of a political club, but that “:t?x% & foreign source. Doctrine a unilateral declaration and |man. I h-e to ask myself: Just what | work at a luxurious hour ¢n the previ- | must exceed mine by the same propor- | them to the last limit of happy and| ey’ of New York, a Jackson Democrat, | D¢ an officer, nor an orator of the . {mot an international engagement. Bt of in.age of Charles Evans Hughes { ous afternoon. Quite to the contrary. | tion by which his information exceeded | contented satisfaction. ~ answering Clay, defended the system in | NOF can he take an active or working Inconsistency Is Seen. Will cos%ma's readmission force | —of “Charlie” Hughes—would remain | he was then spending most of his final | mme. If he cannot beat you on theory If you put these things abou: him! these memorable words: part in it, nor be one of its organizers. 7 - on’ the: Bkt 2 chicly the council to specify article 21 of the |in your mind if you were wrecked on | cvenings as Secretary of State pouring | he can always fall back on facts. That | together you will begin to see how and | ““when they (the New York poli-| A member of the ‘commission recently S s et ‘;;’5“- chiefly | Wiison covenant in the absence of the | a desert isiand and were reflecting in fover maps and histories of the Upper|is his first striking quality—his In- why he has become our most exireme | ticians) are contending for victory, they | explained that this regulation is be- epening etuviction fhet fhe | ypiied States? Solifude upon your experiences with | Valley of the Amazon in order to be|finite preparcdness. It Is & ‘safe suess|and exalted specimen of age Veering | ayow the intention of enjoying the | lieved to be In accordance with the of the treaty tend 10 a| will the Franco-German conversa- | men called great? | able to Tender a dismterested service to | that he will outiabor overy other judge | toward youth, of advancing years more | fryits of it. If they are defeated they ping of the pre-war | tions begun between Forelgn Minister| |y tninkpeing, like everybody else, | VArious countries in those parls then|in the Permanent Court of Interna- than canceled by advancing juvenility, | expect to retire from office. If they are x and England, which | Stresemann and Premier Foincare be | egicirink 1 fiink T should first re-|€ngaged in an antiquitous and vexa-|tional Justice in burrowing and mol- of elder lines accompanied not by hard- | suecessful, they claim. as matter of | direct political action. While leaving peral prese angues are wholly in- | continued at Geneva between Forelgn | “So0(NUe " loht and slender facetious- | tious boundary dispute o hraush all the factional dat of the |ening of the arteries but arteries con- | right, the advantages of success. They | them free to exercise all of thelr politi- gonsistent with the spirit and intention | Minister Briand and Chancellor Mueller? | ness which 1 bermitted myself about | His terrible physical energy and men- | cases that are to be decided tinuously more flexible and more re-| see nothing wrong in the rule that to|cal rights, it keeps them from being of the Léague'of Notions and the | Problem of Reparations. | ness Wbl L e Tmed from the office | tal industry were a fearsome handicap | This quality in him has been pro- sponsive. | The Victor belong the spolls of the |“offensively” partisan, because it i held s to me, He would expound the Hondur- | moted and perfected by a habit of life | This aspect of him began to show | enemy.” that no person can serve as an There has been a great change in or active worker in a political club and do his duty without supervising the members, checking up on their votes and contributions and otherwise com- ing into close contact with their politi- cal movements. Admit Some Failures. Friends of civil service reform hat always regarded the prohibition again political activity as virtually the kev stone of the arch. They say experi- ence has shown that it is hopeless tc expect the spirit of the merit system tc be observed so long as employes arc permitted to interest themselves in or be subjected to political manipulation Meantime, of course, the most ardent friends of the present system admit that it fails in some respects. sec chances for improvement. They do not deny that political influence has weight in obtaining appointments and salary increases, even in the classified service. but they contend that conditions are so S . d of Secretary of State. % say (Continued on Twelfth Page.) “I'm glad he's gone. Whoever his What Makes Airplane Fly? »me Planes More Stable. or do the comments of Lord | _ The standard reparations year has W [ : i = heridun, Mr. Chamberlain's substi- | ust begun. Germany must pay 750,- to me, beginning almost In | which—strangely enough—has also since the signing of the pact tend | 000,000 marks more this year than last, to raise great expectations with regard | Which seems extremely difficult on ac- to results. He warns the public against | count of her foreign borrowing compli- cipating abolition of war and | cations. Credit is very scarce in Ger- nst supposing that the pact means | many and interest rates are very high | change in the attitude of the|lf Germany is to pay two and a half ed States toward Europe. billion marks, her creditors must lend Pernaps this desh of cold water was | her money, which French financlers al- to check extravagant optim- | 'e2dy have begun doing, at.least by 8s Lord Cushendun is one of | Short-term investments. 0st conspicuous of the conservat. But this last problem will hardly be some resentment is felt at solved at Geneva, and as Paris declares the representative voice of Eng- | i linked with evacuation of the| land at such a time Rhineland it will be necessary to wait | until the beginning of next year before | People Appreciative. reopening discussion. | BY COL. CHARLES A. LINDBERGH. But popular feeling on the subject of | I!8 solution threstens (o prove the the pact i3 overwhelmingly HDP”J‘TXA;U?’ | main_stumbling block of the Kellogg| The airplane is so mug? L8 f%rvle% ::; 14 almost w ept! s | Plan in Europe | life now that when one e g g B e e it “attracts very little attention from political thought, a big advance in pub- lie morals, since that statement was made on the floor of the United States Senate. | The spoils system, which has now practically disappeared in this country, | at least so far as it affects the great | body of Federal workers, was not born | with the American Government. It/ came afterward. In the first 39 years of the history of the Government, up to 1829, the six men who in_that period occcupied the office of PreSident made only 112 removals and they were all for reasonable cause. None of these first Presidents considered that party service was a reason for public appoint- | ment. | aneans Col. Lindbergh Describes Principles—How Pilot Controls Ship— | rough air. Langley and a few others depended upon a dihedral angle of the wings to obtain balance, that is, the wings were tipped up on each side of the body at a slight angle. This is still used and gives some degree of automatic stability, as it is obvious Grew Under Jackson. The spoils system came into full operation with the election of Andrew Jackson to the presidency, although the foundation for its introduction was greets its the histo: ankis ! > persons below. And yet it is surpris- e sy ot mankind. | Thousands Change J‘ P how little is known by the average Names in Russia ! he understands the fundamental prin- | It is not a new policy person about airplanes, and how little | | ciples of flight. 3 1 have heard many amusing pro- thousand people in Soviet | nouncements of wiy an airplane fiies, to gather momentum with time of Lord Cushendun's warn- id in vital fact tf that when a tipped-up wing drops and | nears the horizontal position it will lift | more than the sharply tilted wing on the other side and so tend to pull up the wing. But this in itself, although | very valuable, s not enough for the undesignedly laid when the First Con- gress decided that the sole power of removal rested with the President. This placed almost every Government posi- tion at the pleasure of the President.| much better than they were in 1883— even than they were 25 years ago—that there is every reason to take an opti- mistic view of the future. At least an employe who attendls to ave changed their mames in|the most common apparently being the since a_decree was | pelief that the wind stream from the n in 1918, Before | propeller blows the plane up in the air Czars, cha And there is the classic remark of the | That decision was favored by President | Madison. ity years later Danicl Web- | ang exercises merely his right of frec ster took the opposite view. i i y h But In 1820, under the influence of y o jogine u“i‘:'r, 'mdp’:::‘e e his own and the Government's business | rough conditions of actual flight | These paragraps may serve to explain the. fundamental principles of the afr- ligible woman who telephoned t} an air- reaction: il ! | plane i Ghtievis plane was stuck in the sky over her b : Secretary of the Treasury Crawford, | Gin‘Ghetelection. That 8 8 very long i e I aton re ol of i g ot | T ADs comdn Fiaet fowi. BAR B | Propeller Great Factor. Congress passed the four-year law, | 2 the Sisction. Thet W & Ty da e pact | citizens anxious o get rid of obnoxious | by the force of the wind, and it idled | The remaining factor in flight la‘;‘mf“ i a defiixlu:“lri:l.m%'ll‘d(;:‘ t'hhl: when the spolls system was at it tlaws war has passed the h h son | patronymics, but often the Czar's ad- of their cazeful plans el b o A man engine, pulls the plane forward through there almost stationary It is an odd fact that the Many of the principies of flight were ohn Quincy Adams said the | years. visers turned down the requests. law was enacted so that Crawford, who the air, 3,000-Year-Old Spirit rious wori€ which obeys a wider power | whose name meant “six stomachs” was, i that elieus 9 s 4 & ;| known for a long time before airplanes | Lnat the Richeleus and Napoleons can- for instance fold that e c'?::.lg Bot Took 1o the air Some of the first tips of the propellers do most of the | 18W Was eRACIEC 8 TG ident, might S adopt “Smitl or “Jones” instead, but| n,,qe15 of airplanes made nearly 100 ,mg: S kn B sai i Al st YL henehit of the affice "°‘“’“‘}Bein A d 2 T k' influence. When President Jackson | g Appeased In 1o0kio was given permission to reduce himself | year: { the racteris- ke But now el i qir-| JEUs ago adjuany of the oBA tics of the planes of today, with the exception of the method of lateral con- trol first used by the Wrights. Lateral control is a means of preventing the from slipping off Jongitudinal the motor of the airplane is opened and the propeller begins to revolve vapidly, the plane is pulled forward The tail is litted from the ground as the plane gathers speed, and when (he speed reaches a point at which the action on the upper side of the wing | came to the White House in 1820 the spofls system was more Armly estab- | lished Without interruption, though agains some protest, it prevailed for more than 30 years. In 1867 agitation for reform | and his began. It was led in Congress by Rep- ‘Three thousand years ago & revolter t‘unlnst the government named Taira- | no-Masakado was beheaded in Tokio headless body placed In & { mound in what is now central Tokio Japan Encourages Emigra one more than 18 can change his the simple registration of ‘ i only that the rigl interests of Jrs woen to . axim built plane 15 1899 that of the new law 1,200 per- led for change. Now the pum- wed 20,000, Man 1, “October tariat,” “Freedom,” among them. citizen recently applied to change hi name to “God Our Master.” was_ fastened could not get It had no con- from tipping to one | side or the other One day it tore | 1oose, tonnled over and smashed | 80 1t can be seen that although, when | the iifting power of curved surfaces had been discovered, one of the great prob- lems of flight had been solved, the problem of control still remained. although it 1 ed a ton age yéar, trols to keep it opriation of 1 L ! 500 emi- ts & month has been leaving for [Brazil during t t present | oy o A et Smart London Women Using Dog-Hair Coats given & course of instruction last- | 10 days in special quarters at Kobe | ked 000,000, A [ to | zonta of the vacuum created on top of the leave. Japanese returne S inpanese returned| ong smart London women the | Wing when it s forced through the eir. and other latest craze is the wearing of coats, | Seventy-five per cent of the Ut of an | structure . [ and even hats woven from the | airplane comes from this negative pres- | I of their pet dogs. Pekes, chows, | sure on top of the wing, and the rest | plane. tead and Bkye terrlers are all being ' from the pre d the u ! 100} der 1o er 1o the newest ur of the wing t 2 even tashion women v known about the | horize natr dyed or worn in | ¢ qualities of wings ! now Atural colors, but some very charm- | until Eiffel made public in 1911 his | horlzo 2 Cflects are obtamed by the use of | famous wind tunnel experiments, on | mati of instructor aral fawn Peke fur, The Duchess| which the sclence of aeronautics 1 | plane emigrants Manchester was among those who | founded | correc A plane lifts from the ground because | not entirely satisfactory and this sur- face and the vertical rudder were later placed in the rear, and the supporting fuselag® or tail of the plane 1 front to It was ridder was used in the tendency to pitch later became the inclosed cabin of the present air- As acronautics progressed a ure of afr on the under | stabilizing surface was added at the | just in front of the ontal rudder, or elevator, as it 18 called, to maitain the plane in ontal position, The stabilizer auto- ally counteracts a tendency of the to dive or climb In rough afr, The wings before that time | When the nose of the plane goes above p [+ the of | day voyage to South Am appeared the other day wearing one | were curved, but very thin, heving | normal position the angle of attack tinue instruetion of th new coats—made from clip- | only the thickness of the ribs which held | of the stabilizer to the alr stream I8 Another project 15 the establishment | pings from her 10 prize-winning | the fal ric in place, But it was found | increased, producing a greater Iift on of a large colonial museum exhibiting | Pekingese by calculation and experiment that a | the tail of the machine, thus tendin, & wide variety of objects of particular| It s claimed that not only are such wing that was thick on the iurwnra“n bring the nose back to a normal r Uo prospective emigrants, giv-| garments warmer and longer-wearing | edge and tapered in a gradual curve | position. fhan @ny other, but also that the|to a thin edge behind possessed greater | A similur effect s obtained if the about the customs and ntorms: dition nerica A hearing of pet dogs 15 extremely good | 1ifting qualities and less resistance. Th v their health and prolongs thelr itves | air flowed smoothly over such a surface Doe lavers say that their | and did nol. set up eddies enjov their regular period: Dae aclssors of geography Manchuria ar 1 the museum for A 80 in the first Wiight machine a horl- under | plane noses downward under sudden air | pressure. In front of the vertical rudder | down, sterring to The wing, however, 1§ unstable, and | placed n veriteal fin, which aufomatical- Iy keeps the plan right. or left {5 now n?&l | SHOWING THE THREE AXIS AN AIRPLANE PILOT MUST CONTROL. Wide World Photos stream when the tail veers to one side, acting exactly Hke a wind-vane on & barn. Securing Stability, Perhaps the most important device for securing stability was that for maintaining lateral balance, and this was one of the most valuable improve- ments by the Wright brothers, It enabled them to fly where others had talled. 1t was originally a method of warping the wings, but later balancing planes were placed between the wing tips, and In a short time they became fixed at the rear edge of the wing to- ward the ends, where they are now known as allerons, When one of these flaps is depressed It exerts a greater pressure and Ilifts that side of the wing, and at the same time the alleron on the other side is raised bringing that side of the wing | Until some such method of securing | balance was evolved it was obvious that plus the pressure on the bottom over- comes the weight of the plane it begins to rise, The careful pilot, however, does not then point his plane’s nose toward the sky, but levels off and gathers flying speed before maneuvering very much. With certain types of | planes with powerful motors, of course, a pilot can climb very rapidly with safety and turn almost as soon as he is off the ground, but an attempt by beginner do this in an ordinary plane eventually ends in the hospital. Plane Easily Controlled. Once in the air, the plane is easily i controlled, because of the natural | stability of the modern machine. It has achieved in the hands of engineers | stability such that many planes will | actually fly themselves indefinitely even {in_bad weather What a great advance this is over the first crude planes! All this evo- lution has taken place in my own life- time. Our planes now are so safe that in competent hands a well built and well designed ship ls safe. Their in- herent stabllity In some respects s actually greater than that of the birds, although an_entirely different method of fiight has been attained. (Cgoyright, 1928} Note—This is the second of a series of articles by Col, Lindbergh which will appear exclusively In Washington in nto ‘the air the airplane could not well be flown in The Sundsy Star. resentative Thomas A. Jenckes of Rhode Island. President Grant ap- pointed a Civil Service Commission, and its head, George William Curtis, in a report in 1871 called public attention forcibly to the need of reform. Presi- dents Grant and Fayes both favored this reform, but Congress was apathetic and failed to make appropriations to sustain the Civil Service Commission. Stirred by Garfleld Death. Quarrels in New York in 1881 be- tween “Stalwarts” and “Half-Breeds" over political patronage and finally the assassination of President Garfield by a disappointed office seeker so aroused public sentiment in favor of the reform that Congress ylelded to the demand and the Pendleton civil service reform law was enacted in 1883, Ever since | that time civil service reform has steadily advanced, though all Presidents have made some appointments and re- movals for which they have been eriti- cized by the opposition. Every Senator and Representativa who voted for the bill of 1 was him- sl | Recently solemnly held a series of religious serv- the finance proof. Myojin, well as the spirit. finance ministry officlals ces to appease the angry spirit of the revolutionary. ‘The reason is that the handsome new minis home for the finance erected on top of Masakado's chest, in an extreme! was no doubt shown man's spirit resented the intrusion. try was close proximity. -m?i that the slain A urprising number of recent deaths in* ministry s accepted s First there was Finance Minister | Hayami, who died soon after he took office, and then there was Dr. Yabashi, chief of the e Thirty or forty ot and many became invalids. And all | because it was assumed the ministry | was erected on the site of the old ineer! department. r officlals became il hrine of Myojin, known as the Kands which housed the remains as Races Against Big Ben. self the product and beneficiary of the| As Ben in London striking spolls system. The bill was nn?mv-d the mi tht hour recently a ith only after long and full debate. It was | started to cross Westminster .lg.ln studied and perfected paragraph by ieas 38 the time required pa mdpundnvervlrlmw-h!lm clock to strike 13. htg- ition. ~ Since then the new system |ered the 336 vards in 36 1 W. A afavor-—| . on hale, " an ° it_has grown s in public esteem second. s ¥