Evening Star Newspaper, January 29, 1928, Page 27

THE SUNDAY STAR. WASHINGTON, D. €. TJTANUARY 29, 1928 -TART 2. —nm—m SOUTH AMERI CAN FLYING CREDITED TO EUROPEANS U. “S. “Seen a8 Lagging Far Behind >ermans -and French in Aviation Development of BY WILLIAM HARD. HE countrymen of Lindbergh are way behind the Germans and the French in the development of airplane communication serv- ices in Latin America. That is of the ponts of view from which United States Government at ton is obliged to take a vivid 1 the discussions NOW gOINg at Havana regarding a pan- | commercial aviation treat Coolidge has put forward long with Motor car transport, | the greatest contribution | od States can make 10| the Western Hem- ess the information in Government shows tes, far from having this matter in Latin gly and humil- st of the activity and t the Europoans have F service reaching any city that is operated cly United States company is the one that makes the tiny trivial hop from Key West, Fla, to Havana, 1ba. This is owned by the Pan-Ameri- ways. Inc.. of New York City Proof Held Conclusive. d lity is sometimes est Indian Aerial organization operates a ecoded air service from San 1 Porto Rico. to Santo Domingo. Dominican Republic, and thence t» Port au Prince, in Haiti. Inquiry ! owever. that the ownership of 1zation is only just about one- hands of United States The remainder of its capital is Dominican. Spanish and exhibited when one e rest of Latin America and e labors of the Germans and nch is crushing in its proof or lethargy in this ve from time to time dis- play the following air developments on the South American continent: Colombia. at the northwestern T of South America, the German company called the Sociedad Colombo- Alemana de Transportes Aereos—com- only shortened into being calied the “Scadta"—is giving two services, each | of which is made hundreds of miles One of them goes from Barran- | e northern Caribbean coast directly southward to the nd secluded interior capital of . Bogota. The other goes from Barranquilla in a southwesterly direc- tion and in the end arrives at the port of Buenaventura. on the Pacific Ocean on Colombia’s western shore. Sell Urauthorized Photos. Aviators of the “Scadta” organization | in Colombia recently took unauthorized | air-pictures of the plant of the Tropical Ol Co. a United States concern, in | the neighborhood of Barranca Bermeja, and sold them for trade information to e Darcy Oil Co. a subsidiary of the jo-Persian Ofl Co. in which the 1 government is Anancially are among the reasons d States Government some caution at the efforts g made by Dr. P. P. Bauer of e “Scadla” organization to get from a a concession which would 10 operate his airpianes in borhood of the Panama Canal ne fortifications Proceeding southward along the Pacific Coast from Colombia, and com- W Peru. one finds the only impor- 12nt trace of United States air service manage: that exists in all South | happens (o be a United mission. Comdr. Grow of ssion has organized on behalf of Peruvian government an air service Latin Countries. which operates from a point near Lima. the Peruvian capital, over the moun- tains northward and eastward down into | the low valley of the Amazon as fi as the famous port of Iquitos, which is the head of navigation for ocean steam- | ers coming several thousand miles west- ! ward up the Amazon from the Atlantic | Ocean. *nvading Peru. Even in Peru, however, European air- energy is on the rise. The inspector general of the Peruvian army is an ex- officer of the German army. It is re- ported to Washington that through his influence there will presently be two new air services in Peru operating under German management and using Ger- man planes. In Bolivia, to the west and to the south of Peru. the whole air service s..uation is in the hands of a German organization called Boliviano. This company runs, for in- stance, a service from Cochabamba to Santa Cruz. which does by air in two hours and 30 minutes a trip which pre- viously was done on the back of a mule in 15 days. The grip of German avia- tion science on Bolivia is legitimate— and complete. In Chile it is reported that there has been an air service concession to Louis Testart, who is said to be 2 Chilean citizen of French antecedents: but there are no reports of any air service de- velopments in Chile through any efforts from the United States. We have sold some planes to Chile, but it is mani- fest that the nationality of the air serv. ices operated will ultimately determine the nationality of the airplanes bought Turning then from the west coast of South America to the east coast, we find our situation even worse. The air service actualities and prospects of Ar- | gentina. Uruguay and Brazil are abso- lutely dominated by French endeavor. | All existing air services in those three | countries are German; and now. in this | vear 1928, they will be supplemented | by the two most spectacular commercial aviation achievements that have ever | taken place in the Western Hemisphere: | and ong of these will be German and | the other French. Germans Plan Service. 1 A German company will begin to run a mail and passenger service by Zep- | pelins from Seville, in Spain, to Buenos Aires, in Argentina. | A French company—the Compagnie | Generale Aeropostale—which already operates 3.750 miles of air services from France through Spain and through Morocco to Senegal, on the west coast of Africa—will extend itself from Senc- gal across the Southern Atlantic to Brazil and thence to Uruguay and Argentina. | The trip across the South Atlantic will be made by seaplanes except for | German * and ' | Islands. off Africa. and the Island of | Fernando do Noronha, off Brazil, which will be made by small fast semi-mili- | tary ships furnished from the stocks of the French government The company announces that for fts | new air servic. to South America it | will receive from the Prench govern- ment an annua! subsidy exceeding one million five hundred thousand dollars It also announces that it already has some thirty planes ready for use in South America and has already bought | land for hangars and repair shops at | some twelve South American ports. The time needed for the carrying of mails from France to Argsntina will be cut at once from 18 days to seven | ::;1! a half, and ultimately to four and a The bill in the Prench paritament for subsidiizing this service was passed last year. The sum of the whole matter is that the Germans and the French have g0t us left on the ground in the Latin American air and that the bill which would authorize our Postmaster General o get started toward making air service contracts with Latin-American govern- ments is still in our Congress. | the central hop between the Cape Verde Ir. Pro and Mr. Con Argue 1;'3\' Program Propose . First Page) | submarines. when we've already got more submarines than anybody else in You want five aircraft car- we are Just putting into com- %0 brand-new ones. the biggest in the world Pro Take the items one hy | ing with destroyer leaders. | leader is a large destroyer | w iead 2 squacron. with speed and sta- | land Islands to Argentina, Trinidad to | Venezuela, British Honduras to Hon- | buity ensbling it o do its work. We now have more destroyers than Great but over half of them are laid | i¢ we don't want to spend the g them in service. All of But we have no 19w and s W lay down two in the wo years. In addition, she is % new destroyers. Italy has more leaders built and building sking for. and France t as many us we are asking nine ve 43364 tons of subma- Britain har 67688 tons has 76407 wns Great Brit- v build 12 subs in Lhe The Iife of the subma- ears. Last year nine i age Bmit In 1929 in 1930 there will be will b 28. In 1932 1933 there will be 1932 75 of our sub- age limit and go out W replace them with Gown seven a year nie end of that Ume have 52 under 13 years old, or 8 24000, That will give than we now have S be more effective Ln- You remembpr the bnportance ne sulansyine the last war That oughit U e enough of an argument tor o them we r appropraved for al Brnain's 0 We have lrxingum and Baruloga wnd e Lex Juld Guwn us I eruie Creg 1o Bircrsll carmiers ol Tiw Langley s & wa enllur and purely an exper Unaer Ui Washingon Ueaty WOV Ve I alreraft W oty U Lang ws i allowed by Jaying down five new shipe Uhewn tecause Whe use 0f Bit ) pave! wartare bias already been Inprance ana i prate 1ued worde. e 5 ralio we want ere in 10y e Lad two years i put at 13 arned be § Bt I8.100 Wns T L% ana e fara- e Lang were TR wtore We want buld the vatl o Lhe 1w ' our e My, Con ve wie & Grest B Yoecaus OUwr we wal o kvery § L will we Bre und e Ll e ew K swaning Uit fight Greal Britemn veryimay will get i Ly o Bght Great b [ i* a w vat that P v o Lt o our ur by 11 s ot nthion un I u e are lwing made sUong oK st > d for United States At Washington in 1922 we told the world how we looked at things. We set an example, but nobody seems in- clined to follow it. We were not, and we are not. after supremacy of the seas. | We agreed that we would not strengthen our bases and fortifications in the Phil- ippines and Guam, but today Great Britain is strengthening her base at Singapore, and as far as 1 know she has not offered 1o give up the Faulk- duras or Jamaica o Cuba. We are not asking her 10 do any of these things and we don’t expect her 1o, You do not think, and neither do I, that Great Britain maintains sea supremacy be- | cause she intends 1o go to war with us. Then why should you believe that be- cause we want o bring our fleet up to the 5-5-3 ratio, we are getting ready for war with Greal Britain? 1f we are willing to trust Great BEritain with a big fleet, are we not willing to trust our own country with a fleet considered commensurate with its needs? But if you believe that Great Britain or Prance. or Japan, or Italy, or anybody else 15 bullding war craft o make war on us, would we prevent that war by not butlding a large fleet” You do not seem W regard Britain as militaristic Why should you regard our own inte tions as militaristic? But if you do r gard Great Britain's imsistence on a large fleet ws militaristic. should we not be able o deal with militarism You 4o not argue agains As long as we have one. why not have an adequate Navy? Are Americ w content’ themselves with ond-rate equipment and makeshift weapous? ' he present Navy program is a lur But that 1s only because 3t repre accumulated needs It the gram s approved, it il parity with Great Britain naval power I concerneq is WOBL GUT €XDETLs Bgree have We are a big country a big Navy Of course it ¢ Hald Mr Con Huid Mr Hink you would. $ut 1 you would tell e what sort of a Navy you think we oughit w by i P I | 1 dia not wirh Danish Estate Tax Blocks Bur s Heirs tazation I oestates can y owners of Dasn maintain e tige Jabe i Denimark Clared el estote Tl Larony was Supps Tamily Copl Inacea “ big ca atio 1916, when 1ew Wil force reduciug the 4,000 000 L 81 000,600 e cashi Jeft by the s thud of N teritunce au'y A vesiult of the by rejecnion of Ve et bs that the beautiul Gaunioe Castle with # velusble art collection Litheru upen W e public will have s b closed / Pl burony i U ssond estale sufter from heavy tasation the 1 te ol Biene Liilehong o dunger Wil of Baron Meediy, ora ot Kicalest barony war opened, Uie Lelrs de uability ) lake over his e 1 dia « but only lax luw capilal Phis baton wnd cled tor up came from ll ahint in e e e the Lloyd Aereo | | who have shed Tn the twenty-first Story of Civilization” i Sumday. Dr Aurelius instaliment 1o he pub: t will el Iast of the Dura “The | LUCRETIUS AND ROMAN PHILOSOPRHY. The Greatest of Roman Poets. | E are in an old Italian villa, | built by a rich nonentity named Memmius, far from the noise of Rome. Back of | the house is a quiet court, | walled in_from the world, and shaded | gainst the burning sun. Here is a, | pretty picture; two lads sitting on a| marble bench beside the pool, and be- | tween them their teacher, all anima- | tion and affection, reading to them| some majestic poem. Let us lie down {on the lawn and listen; for this is Lu | cretius, the greatest poet and the great- | | est philosopher of Rome: and what he | |reads is “the most marvelous per-| | formance n all antique literature,” the “De Rerum Natura,” or poetical essay |~On the Nature of Things” He is r citing an_apostrophe to love as the source of all life and all creation. | Thou. O Venus. arl sole mistress of the nature of things. and with- out thee nothing rises up into the divine realms of life. nothing grows to be lovely or glad. * * * Througi all the mountains, and the seas, and the rushing rivers, and the leafy nests of the birds. and the plains of the bending grass, thou strikest all breasts with love, and drivest each after its kind to continue its race through hot desirs. * * * For so soon as the Spring shines upon the | day the wild herd bound over the | happy pastures and swim the rapid ream: h_imprisoned by thy harms, and following thee with de- sire. He is a strange man. this Lucretius. | obviously nervous and unstable; story | | has it that a love philter poisoned him. and left him subject to fits of insanity | i i | | He is all sensitivity, all pride wounded &% by every prick of circumstances; a man born for peace forced to live in the| midst of alarms, in a country ravaged | by civil war: a man with the make-up | of a_mystic and a samt, and haiden- | ing himself {2t a materialist and an | atheist; a lo:iely soul driven into soli- | tude by his snyness, and vet pining for companions and affection. He begs the Goddess of Love to seduce Mars| from further strife: “Cause meanwhile ' ihe savage worker of war be lulled to | rest throughout all seas and lands, for | thou canst bless mankind with calm | peace, seeing that Mars, Lord of Battle, | | often flings himself into thy lap quite! | vanquished by love's unhealing wound.” | PN | But it is not politics so much as re- | ligion that concerns him: he would b | 2lad to rescue Italy from the wars of | Pompey and Caesar. but rather he| longs to rescue the soul from fear of | the other world. For already the| Oriental backwash that has filled. pagan | Greece with the gloomy cult of fearful gods (mirrors of Eastern monarchs in | their thirst for praise and blood) has | reached Italian shores: the hope of | heaven has come to console and the | fear of hell has come tp terrifr a peo- | ple suffering the chains of- slavery or the destitution of civil strife. Thosc these faiths idealize The Story of Civilization - LUCRETIUS DICTATING A POEM. them in memory, and mourn the loss of their consolations: they forget that one hand brought heaven while the | other offered hell, and that the same mythology which soothed with hope darkened the soul with fear. Surely | this horror of some evil other world | | has crept into the secret heart of Lu- | rus | cretius: he longs to shake it off, at| whatever cost. ‘This terror and darkness of mind must be displayed * * * by the aspect nd law of nature * * * wherefore we must well grasp the. principle by which the courses of the sun and moon go on, the force by which everything on earth proceeds: but, above all. we must Iind out by aeen reasoning what the soul and the mind consist of, and what thing it is which meets us when awake and frightens our minds if we are under the influence of disease. and meets us and frightens us, too. when we are buried in sleep. so that we seem to see and hear speaking to us. face to face, them that are dead. whose bones are held in the earth’s em- brace. So he looks about him for a system of thought that will rid man of fear for | the hereafter: as others long for super- | natura! consolation and assurance, so Lucretius longs for a naturalistic phi- | losophy. a world without ghosts to hover over the head of man. And he believes that Epicurus. 300 years before, gave such a healing philosophy to mankind And since Epicurus did not disdain to borrow from Democritus, Lucretius will be content to nfold his thought upon that of Epicurus, to whom he makes obeisance reverently: Not from myself, poor souls with fear outdone. Not from myself I have it, but from one At whose approach the lamps of all the wise Fade and go out like stars before the sun. * % A% So he will expound and adapt Epicu- claims the nature of things the terrors | the dark part asunder, and I see things !in operation throughout space.” It is | a great subject. embracing all the world | of sclence and religion in its web; he | feels timidly bold in attempting it. and | vet_ his blood tingles with the zest of “for soon as thy philosophy pro- | BY WILL DURA Author of , Ph. D., he Story of Philosophy.” to these masculine hexameters, picturesque unwonted adjectives, these | stately verbs and sonorous substantives. And beneath the honey of the verse lies one of the profound and imperfect phi- losophies of all time: as we listen we | are transported into the garden of Epi- ! curus and hear the laughter of Democ- I ritus and feel ourselves in the company |of the Eplcurean gods. | | % % I Nature. For there are gods. Lucretius tells us; but they are too courteous to interfere | with the world or man; they sit in idle grace and careless happiness in some {airy realm afar, and are content to see the universe as an esthetic spectacle, without seeking to subject it to their whims. And besides, how could thought direct so vast and intricate a world? “Who can rule the sun, who can hold in his han with controlling force, the strong reins of the immeasurable deep? Who can at once make all the diverse | heavens to roll and warm with ethereal fires all the fruitful earths, or be pre: ent everywhere always, to bring dark- ness witih clouds and shake with nolse the serene expanse of heaven, to hurl ! | ON RUSSIAN OTHING more vast or more va- rious has In recent years marc ed across the stage of world af- tuous conflict between worldwide belligerent oil interests, American and British and Dutch and Russian, backed in varying degrees by the political poli- cles of their governments. ,Such ia the view of Washington at this of the affair continues to unfold itself with a constant increase not of clarity, but of confusion. ‘There has been transmitted to Pres dent Coolidge from one of the most im- portant of American sil companies an elaborate and highly illustrated memo- randum tending to demonstrate an al- leged great drain upon American native oil resources by foreign oil interests op- erating within the territory of the United States. This is an attack upon fairs than the present tumul- | week end as the complicated tale | WORLD OIL WAR CENTERS CONCESSIONS Battle Among Dutch, American and British Interests Grows Out of ‘Bol- shevik Grants of Leasing Rights. | that we are consuming some 60 per cent of the world's annual output. We are | mot really giving so very much more | than we ‘are using ! United States Investments Abroad. | It is also to be noted that we do not ourscives hesitate to go into foreign | lands and that our total of investments in the oil business abroad has now | probably $1.500,000.000. Finally, on this point of the inter- | dependence of the oil interests of the world, we may note that (according to u}mrmannn received by our Department of Commeree) the Standard Oil Co of New Jersey and the Roval Dutch Shel interests are bidding joint!y instead o competitively for a large oil concession in Chile. We might thereupon rush to a new hasty sion; and, instead of see- the lightning and at tines strike down | the Royal Dutch Shell oil group of the ' ing a horrible conflict between the | his own temples? | "No, it is a world without creation and without design; the cause of every event is inherent in the nature of things: and nothing more 15 needed | for the explanation of the world than | these “three els space and law. indestructible: “Things cannot be born from nothing and cannot be brought | back to nothing” And vet there is lalso a “void." or space; for if there were not. how could things move? | “Voices pass through walls and fly through shut houses: and the stiffening | frost plerces to the bones. | bodies pass? as another. but lighter, surely it is | because 1t has more vold in it.” Mat- | ter, then, consists of atoms vibrating in the nooks and crannies of the “void”: and this restless (“Brownian") If there are of the mind are dispelled. the walls of 1o void parts, by what way could these |ana" and the “Shell of California,” the w0 pieces. When & thing Is as large | | Netherlands and of Great Britain, which owns in the United States the impor- tant companies colled “Roxana” and | “Shell of California.” which in_turn withdrew from the soil of the United States, in the last full year of statistical metric tons of petroleum. | | Seeks Right to Lease. | At the very same time the Minister | of the Netherlands to the United States, | Mr. J. H. van Roijen, has initiated nego- | tiations with the American State De- partment in an effort to regain for Duteh oil companies, such as the “Rox- right to acquire oil leases on the Fed- eral public lands of the United States Government. This right has been | practice withheld from them ever since Secretary of State Hughes and the gov- ernment of the Netherlands engaged | @aring to carve in verse so difficult & | movement goes on in everything +for- | some years ago in a bitter diplomatic ! | ‘hene2, Sweet. which now love of the Muses, with inspired I traverse in flowering tnought pathless hzunts never yet trodden by the foot of man! I love to approach the un- tasted springs and to quafl, I love to cull fresh flowers and gather for my head a distinguished crown from spots whence the Muses have vet veiled the brows of nonc: first be- | cause I teach of great things and | essay to release the minds from the | chains of religious fear, and then because on a dark subject I pen such lucid verses, o'erlaying all with the Muses' charm. * * * So 1 now, since my teaching will seem bitter, and the multitude shrinks back from it in dismav, have resolved to o'erlay | it with the pleasant honey of my | verse. Yes, It is pleasant honey. solid and rich, and as we sip we forgive the hon- est egotism of the genfus that distilled it. This Latin of these lines is rude |yet: a generation must pass before the | language of the Romans will be poi- |ished into rhythm and refinement by iCArtrl\'! vain and careful pen. But the feminine grace of the great orator yields Sser. | the rays are ! the sunlight Observe whenever let in, and pour througli the dark chambers of houses; you will see many minute bodies mingling. in this apparent void, in the light of the rays. as in never-ending conflict they skirmish and battle in martial order. driven apart in frequent meetings and partings: from which you may guess how the first beginnings of things tossed about in the primeval void. * * * Again, when mighty leglons waging the mimicry of war fill_with their movements all the plain. the glitter of it lifts itself to the skv. and the whole earth gleams with brass, .and from below rises the noise of the tramping of men. and the mountains. stricken by the shouting. re-echo the voices to the stars of heaven. * * * And yet there is some spot on the high hilis from which all these moving men seem to stand still and merely to shine as a spot of brightness on the plains. * This endless movement takes (Continued on Fifth Page) two The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. | HE following Is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days | ended January 28 | Rumania.—M. Titulescu, foreign min- | ister of Rumania, is on tour, visiting the | | capitals of the great powers, conversing with the heads and foreign ministers of the governments thereof. He begins with Italy, and. of course, the other dove-cotes are fluttered. The Avarescu government, which preceded the last | government of the late Ion Bratianu, imade up to Mussolini. An Italo- Rumanian treaty of amity was struck, land an Italo-Rumanian _commercial treaty was in negotiation. But the suc- | ceeding government of Ion Bratianu, woked away from Rome and to Paris, Rumania’s old love. The negotiations | | looing to an Italo-Rumanian commer- cial treaty were suspended. The gov- ernment of the younger Bratianu | (which succeeded that of the late Ion) is resuming those negotiations | Does this mean that Bucharest is | jilting Paris, is taking on once more | with Rome? That Mussolini has broken | the solidarity of the little entente, has again “put one over” on France in the | Balkans? One may not say. An Italo- | Rumanian commercial treaty need not be prejudicial to France nor boastful to Mussolinian schemes (if such there be) of aggrandizement in the Balkins. But one hLas to take note of Balkan gossip, | ®hich is about ali we have to go on in that quarter. v Afghanistan.—Ameer Amanullah Afghanistan, with his pretty wife and | a sulte of 25 or so, arrived at Parls| | Wednesday on his grand tour of E rope. He has visited Rome and has still to visit London, Brussels, Berlin| and Moscow. He was recelved with the proper honors at the rallway station on the Bols de Boulogne, reserved for | detraining of heads of states. Presi- dent Doumergue and the entire Prench | cabinet were there to greet him, and | he was driven the 1wo miles to the “Quai D'Orsay.” down the Champs Elysees, lined with troops, the bands | ng a» best as they might the an national hymn, while the Af-| an flag took the winds from the offi cial bulding: Its device a mosque. two | sabers and a NSing sun against a back ground of black und white 4 rumored that at the conclusion of the grand tour the Ameer will set up for Khalif of Islam, but the fact| that the ladies of his sulle are un-| eled while on visit o the Glaour | cems w0 indicate that his fundamen- | talisin 18 tempered by common senise The Coown Prince of Afghanistan has | been resident at Paris for 'sll‘ vrl:n\ and 15 now n student at the St Cyr Mititary Academy It 15 satsfactory o lewrn that the diseipline of that fn- | “tution forbids his participation n | the honors and high Jinks of his par- | visit | of | | ents’ | k. Aix of the chief railway lines of China, constructed with forelgn money (chiefly British, Prench, Ger- nan, American snd Japanese), principal and interest thereof being uncondition- ally ¢ Jecd by the Peking govern- ment together In debt o the Yorcign investors W the tune of 853000, 000 (American money). All of these Dnes are beblud i wage payments. one belng 18 months in arrears, and the wiges being pald are paid i sadly de- Srechnted curreney ‘The explanation of This stute of affairs iy that thé lines are n the il war zoneTroops pindits wnd pensants tear out the spikes Trom the sleepers and convert them wito wenpons Phe tolling stork s commundecred at will by the military wnd 15 golng o rack and ruin o The wenerals seize the offices and turm the Tt thelr war chests Military payt nothing conditions oblain ws Lo steam ehiletly on the Yangtee China Teverting 1o primitive means | Of Ursimpor tation carte. animals, ks Tt s pieturesque but not ericket. Under endy pence conditions tallway trafo on the Dnes connidered was highly Jucrative T respect of forelgn tonnage Dadren 1 now Ui second port of the Chi cush trattic il ship Bne | ognize an Hoprovinces of Chilng Manchuria hins mly GO0 606 seres under cultivation, il hiss 40 000 09 more weres of equally o i M Last yewr, Manchuris lured 800,000 immigrants from the 18 provinces, chiefly Chili and Shantung o Pan-America.—The work of the Pan- American Conférence is proceeding in committee. There is no prospect of success for the move to have the Pan- American Union vested with political powers. Of course, we could not con- sent to such investment, and Mexico, Cuba and the A. B. C. powers (to- gether representing 65.000.000 people ot two-thirds of the total population of Latin America) are equally opposed Nor is there better outlook for the pro- posal advocated by Dr. Pueyrredon, Ar- gentine Ambassador to Washington and head of the Argentine delegation at Havana, that the union be empowered to adjust tariff relations between the states composing 1t; the proposal seem- ing to point to establishment of a cus- toms union. Pueyrredon expected formal results from | his proposal; he was probably only seiz- ing an opportunity to take a whack at our tarifl policies. With his usual neatness, Mr. Hughes stated our view of the proper functions of the union as follows: "I think we shall achieve most if we endeavor to have an assoclation In which we have the equality of states with equal rights to express their different opinions, and with the realization that the right of the states o negotiate their particulgr differences shall be fully conserved. In the meantime. we shall have the col- laboration which is possible in connec- ton with these matters where we rec- tre community of inter- est—the union should be an organ of information and felicitous collabors- tion”* Obvlously, in Mr. Hughes' con- ception, & cautiously limited field; but with full use of the union s “a clear- ing house of information.” u larger and larger community of interest should come to be recognized as the years roll on. It seems doubtful that Dr | Reorganization of the union on a treaty basis in place of the present ar- | rangement, whereby the authority of the union is derived from executive orders issued by the several participat- ing governments, scems a possibility, 1 would not say probability. But it seems most unlikely that much support will | be found for the Mexican proposal of | rotatfon of the offices of chairman of | the gcverning board and director gen- | eral of the union (these offices to go by | rotation to representatives of the 21 participating nations in alphabetical order of the latter). The convenience of ihe present arrangement (the S | tary of State of the United States as chatrnan and a citizen of the United States as director generali, is quite obvious. and, as Mr. Hughes pointed out | our holders of those offices have shown | | absoiute tmpartiality To conclude the present Indication s that no fundamental change in the | “constitution” of the union will be made by the present conference. but that, thanks largely to the extraordinary personulity of Mr. Hughes, a very great improvement will be achieved tn com- mon understanding and In disposition toward “felicitous collaboration”; with- out 100 strict engagements LR United States. Ma) Gen Washington Goethals, U 8. A, retired | builder of the Panama Canal. is dead | at 70. He was the son of Dutch im- migrants. Rear Admiral Victor Blue | U SN, retired, is dead at 62, His tw feats of herolsm in the Spanish-Amer- | fcan War, when he was a licutenant. are of immortal fame. In February the George Ikorsky twin-mo- tored amphiblan Pan-American will make surveys for the Pan-American | Alrways, Inc. looking to establishment {of air mail and passenger services be- | tween the United States and Panama | Apparently two routes are in contem- CRANK BY BRUCE THIN, rather self-con- scious young man stood up in the Masonic Hall in Boston and delivered a course of lectures. They fur- nished many funny paragraphs for the newspapers of that day. “The majority of the sensibl practical community regarded him as mystical, as crazy or affected,” says James Freeman Clarke, “as a fool as one who did not himself know what he meant.” And John Quincy who was nothing if not headed, wrote his diary, that the lecturer, “after failing in the everyday vocations as a Unitarian preacher and school- mi » starts a w doctrine of transcendentalism, declare all the old revelations supera nuated or worn out, and an- nounces the approach of new revelatio Adams, hard- n The lecturer was named Emer s0n. If he had been a success ful mill owner ar distiller, folks might have listened to his id with ti but he had failed at school teaching and preach ng, you s d a0 there could be no guestion about his status. He was clearly oh a crank Bomel Coburn died As a far amaunt to much, When d to run a farm e hardly made onds m S0 the practical folk of Ka sas made m when he he came secretary of the Slate ago Foster Dwight n Kan whand he didn't he at of his ' BARTON. Board of Agricfiviture, and be- gan to tell them what they ought to do. Alfalfa was preached They laughed. | and ceasing. his religion, without Kansas was a wheat Sta Their fathers had grown wheat: they were growing wheat; their sons would grow wheat. Why should this whiskered theorist presume to bother them with his new fangled notions? How much money did he have in the bank? But he kept at it; and Kan; has more than a million ac alfalfa today, worth many lions. Some of the newspaper boys who gibed at Coburn 30 years ago had the duty of wiiting handsome tributes to him when he died. When | was 21 and fresh from college, | wrote some pretty smart editorials myselt. A lot of men with crazy ideas were lo n the world, and | warned my readers about them n no un cortain term Now | 40, and | suppo strong convicitions, thundering pieces how | have sort af lost my sub lime sense of omniacience 8o many crasy ftools have discon certed me by turning out ta be right. 1 think te mysslt—haw would this look in a future history; "I 1924 the great wark of M Hoosit was grested with sneers; and among others a cortain Barto an obsoure writer, hranded him as @ crank.” Yy he mil getting on toward e | ought to have and write But some lation: to coincide between Jackson- iilie and Havana (via Key West) from Havana, one would go via Yucatan British Honduras, Honduras, Guate- mala, Sal (Nicaragua); the other almost in a bee line from Havana to San Juan Del Norte (via Cape Grecias Adios and Blucfields) the two lines coinciding thence via Cosia Rica to Colon Motor vehicle registered in the United States in the first sixth months of 1927 totaled 20.991.333 The Department of Commerce in- forms us as follows: More than 7 per cent of the automotive passenger cars in use in the world are of American manufacture and more than 86 per cent of the automotive trucks. Of the automotive vehicles in the world the United States and Canada together use 87 per cent The Department of Commerce an- nounces that deaths from automobile accidents 1 this country are increas- ing. both absolutely and in proportion to population. In 1926 the total 18871, or 179 per 100,000 of poj tion In 1925 the rate was 17. in 19. was 157, in 1923 1t was 149, and in it was 125 In the above figures from collisjons between auto- mobiles and railroad trains or street cars were not included Including the Litter, the total of deaths in 1926 was 20891, or 199 per 100,000 of popula- ton. The number of Americans with per- sonal incomes over a million dollars in the calendar vear 1926 was 228, an increase over 1925 by 21 and a new | high. The number of personal incomes over five millions in 1926 (at any rate according to the tax records), was 14 as against 7 in the preceding vear The total net income for 1926 of persons enfoying Income above a million was £490.309.478 The number of persons g tax returns for 1926 was 4.0 their total net fncome was § 3 326 and the total tax thereor was $727.479.426 Of our total internal national revenne | | of about $3,000000.000 for the fiscal | vear ended June 30 last. the tobacco tax furnishes about 13 per cent of in ternal revenue. The amount vielded by the tax, namely, $376.000.000. 18 abot equal to the entire internal revenue for | 1914 Seventy-nine billlon cigarettes were smoked n the country In 1935, | ‘The monarch gf the California for- ests s a sequoia. 308 feet high, 30 feet In diameter and containing 361,366 board feet of merchantable lumber In his last report as Governor Qlen- eral of the Philippines. Gen. Wood with abundant justification spoke of the lamentable lack of interest™ of Pl Plo politictans In the economic devel- opment of thelr country. 1t would seem | that. though agriculture is and proba- bly always will be overwhelmingly the | chtel national inte: of the Phitip- | pines, agricultural problems ave be- neath the interest of these “intellec- tuals " One ts told that a Duteh to- bacco expert sent (o the Philippines to study the tobacco tndugtry there tn view {00 representation that its competition tieatened the Sumatra industry, te " the competition ‘\\lll\ Filipino (obaceo. but a good deal o fenr lest Filipio tobacco diseases spread o Sumatra He found the work [ At the Government experimental sia Hons, under Fipine superintendents, w be beneath contempt n | | nothing 0 fear from e Notes. One hears with satisiaotion (at Poriugal s (0 tetin (o & consti ttional basis Mussolinl v witting his memairs i 100,000 words. His secietany 18 Gans "lating them milo Kugliah (Riohard [ Washbuin: Child. one-time o Awbas sador to Htaly, will edit the ranstation) and we ate okt that the ranslation | WL APPeat 1 i ATCICAn Iagasine On January 21 (he Japanese Dot was Assolved General eloctions. 1 which (o the frst time tn Japan complete mrnhosd sultiage Wil obtain. will be | Held about s month hence Apparently the Sanding ate scattered O Tuesday @ dotach went ol Marines established tsell on Cnipdie Bandings nownain st notd 0 enemy belng consplouous By | wis sV, tsuriectos | argument regarding the failure of the | Standard Oll Co. of New Jersey to se- | cure a certaln oil concession in the so- { called Djambi field in the Dutch East | Indies. That concession was given by | the government of the Netheriands to the Royal Dutch Shell interests | It might thereupon be conciuded that | the great contestants in the present | worldwide oil struggle would be the | Royal Dutch Shell interests on the one | hand and the Standard Ol Co. of New | Jersey on the other. | The Royal Dutch Shell interests are | undoubtedly the greatest non-American | oil enterprise in the worid. The Stand- ard Oil Co. of New Jersey, according to the United States Federal Trade Com- { mission, is the most important single oil { company of American nationality. In |order that everything should be clear and easily understood. and in order that the extreme patriots on both sides might | be able to cheer in good conscience at ‘lhe tops of their voices for their re- | spective flags and oil magnates. the contest should be one between the big- gest American outfit. the Standard Oil of New Jersey. and the biggest foreign outfit, the Royal Dutch Shell. Unfortunately for clarity and for throated unreasoning patriotism not. L is Magnates Are Friends. The Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey and the Royai Dutch Shell foreign oil magnates are now fast friends and the government of the Netherlands is on the Instant verge of granung to the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey an oil concession of great magnitude in the Dutch East Indies and the islands of | Java and Sumatra and Madoera. This concession covers an area of some 1.000 square miles and is highly gratifying both to the Standard Oil Co. of New dor, to San Juan Del Norte | jorsey and to our American diplomatic | o trade representatives in Dutch East In- dies ports. | It is because of this concession in | Duteh territory to an American com- pany that the government of the Net erlands. through iis Minister here. is | now asking our Government reciprocally o grant full and free and equal oppor- unities to Dutch ol companie: American Federal governmental public lands, It is to be noted further that the Royal Duich Shell people in this cous try do not any longer represent merely foreign capital among us American banking interests have now sold to American investors numerous Roval Dutch Shell securities to the total value of more than $150.000.000 It is additionally to be noted «for the assuagement of American apprehen- sions) that the Royal Duteh Shell com- panies are private enterprises and are not at all owned by the British govern- ment or by the Dutch government or by any other foreign government. A = apprehension on this pont has aris from the fact that the British gover ment has a certain financtal ¢ in the Anglo-Persian O Co. never been shown, however, to any such interest in the companies composing the Roval Shell group. 1t 1S to be noted further that it tremely difficult for us to mal really pathetic case 1o the effect that our ofl resources are being disprop tionately drained away from us by for- N interests in our midst. It is true that we may be now producing some 70 per cent of the world’s annual out- put of petroleum. but it is also e It is ex- Decision on “Wire By Supreme Court nued from Fist Page) that is thus protected What is the distinction between a message sent v lelter and & message sent by telegraph or telephone. True, the one is visible, the other wwvisible. the one ts tang the other Intangible, the one is sealed the other unsealed. but these are div- tnctions without a difference A per- SN using the telegraph or telephone 8 ot broadeasting to the world His conversation is sealed from the pudlic as completely as the nature of the in- strumentalities - employed will permit and no Federal oMcer ar Federal agent has & FIghL o take his message fom the wires fn order (hat it mav be used agalost him. - Such a situation would be deplovable and intolerable. 10 say the least.” In the answer of the Government to (his basis of appeal. it 1y contended that the “Wire tapping * was effected with ANV fvasion” of or entry wpon A premises owned or oecupled by the pe ttloners “IE cannot be sald. therelore, Qovernment brief adds, “to have lated the provision of the Clourthy With tespeet to the search af “houses, d At certainly dnd ot constitute a search or seisure of per 0Ny papers’ wr Ceftects Government Contentions I asailing the argument (hat the DUVACY Of & (elephone conversation I3 As SaOred As W message tansmitiad Mrough (he matls, the Cloveriment briel savs A message transmitted by telephone I 10 selse W paper 18 A vertal communication, and 16 such & hing as the search and seisire of a verbal com MURICALON Were passible. (hete s b Constutional - Inhibiton agatast 1 whether 1 be regantad as teasonabie O unteasanable Same hyporhetical questions. devigned 0 vl bsies Which (he Claverment contends wie analagous with thase i TN case. ate I canelusion set up combating the thewy of “alleged W Teaanable saarch and selsute af voie THATSIES IO A W Being asked wit one ol the numtEl which e & 1 pational oil si United States Government on the one hand and the British and Dutch gov- ernments on the other, we might see & great peaceful omnipotent monopolistic “international oil trust.” That bogey, however, turns out upon crnal things—atoms and | record, the immense total of 5,600,000 inquiry to be just as y Matier is eternal and | e et Nt LT | sensational and yellow and just as empty of serious sober truth as the other. b h reason is that we have re-estab- lis competition in the oil business of the United States: and our competitive conditions here have extended them- selves into the world and have broken the idea of an “international ofl trust” ‘That is the truly dramatic element in the present combative and violent inter- i tuaticn. he upsetter for the moment t Standard Oil Co. of New ank.t ’I’l ;f haves just about as competitively as if its name were not “Standard” at all. Cause for Oil War. Our Federal Trade Commission has recently surprised iiself by discovering and estab) g the fact that this h(var‘.da.‘d of New York competes for oil business against the Standard of Ca.t!r‘nn; nsn the Pacific Coast and against the Standard of New Jersey Texas and Arkansas. ks = The present oil world war is due sim- plv to the circumsiance that what the fi;andard ‘(x)“ Co. of Uew York does at ome in the war of competitive comba it also does abroad. i 3 i Abroad it sees its ex-friend the Stan- dard Oil Co. of New Jersey lined up hand-in-glove with the Royal Dutch Shell interests of London and of The « Hague not only in the Dutch East In- dies and in Chile, but in western Eu- rc_?;l ngg r?per!zl{_v in Russia. e Royal Dutch Shell interests an the Standard Oil Co. of New Jenzyur: the two great holders today of the pri- vate Russian oil rights and securities and properties that were confiscated in Russia by the present Russian Boishe- vik government. They are the two great influences today in western Europe prociaiming that nobody should buy from Russia any of Russia's “stolen They are. technically, the right- {ful. Jawful owners of most of that oil. Theyv naturally think that nobody s hand money to the Bolshevists for it. ut what a wonderful opportunity is thus presented not only to the sense of competition. but also to the sense of or of the Standard Oil Co. of New k. That company proceeds to buy from the Bolsheviks. cheaply, the oil which is claimed by the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersev and by the Royal Duich Shell rests; and it proceeds to sell that all through western Asia and southern Asia in direct competition with the oil of the Roval Dutch Sheli interests from the Du East Indies It has done this so well that it has already compelled the Burma Oil Co. which is an ally of the Royal Dutckh Shell interests. to pass a dividend ana to demand that the government of India shall put up a tarif against Rus- sian ol Competition Is Keen. ¢ Roval Dutch Shell interests and tandard Oil Co. of New York were ady the two outstanding compei:- tors in the sales of kerosene throughout he Orient. In China the Standard O Co. New York now takes advantag of Chinese bovcotts of British goods In India and in western Asia it take advantage of Russian oil. With its plies from Russia it even establishes Rering stations at Port Sad in Egvpt and at Colombo in Ceylon and oifers fuel oil to British and Dutch ves- sels which are traveling from port to of the British and Dutch empires. Whereupon the world rocks with the g¢ and the cost of the struggie: and ch Shell interests pu estoes out of of & e other. and the specter ofl trust™ is dis- solved: and the fundamental political on for Americans is that the whole ihing es DACK 10 the new American comp m andtothe dissolu- tion of ¢ ndard Oil Trust of the United s into competitive units by decree of the United States Supreme Court i the year 191 ve a8y Papping™ Evidence Will Set Precedent ninal w- “a PFederal a band of con- practice no vestiganon Persons making ase are set far ok the n ot get [ hest court W s recvgiiisad that the e whatever 1t may be. loms as Ar-reaching effect, not only on @y enforcement. but as & guide wherever the PR pro {Population of Turkey | Now Totals 13,250,000 ] throughout the cannot fall w hanks the revent palation numbers Turkey’s prestige and Middle Kast ‘hanced oox sy and that the figures wete greatly \ageeratad are nulifled by Dr. Camille {Jacquant. Belgtan superintendent of elsus Who siates that the fgures ‘nt the true population. Certain Nelhtas of Turkey will now sevkousdy Felact Befate They S1eln dream of eritis i of adepiing & Dosidle attiiude [loward e Wwpulin. Nitherts 1t waa [ igined (et Tuikey sontaied Wote than K000 o S0 W Datutanis and that nigh death reate was dectoaaing Il fgue dvery year Cteece was canfident that het opaias T equated 1 L ewveeded Tarkews Traly tvpaised TWERGY We. Wl ARt A new rrapect o Turkey will have DA 0 these CouMITEs &2 @ Tesuit Whe vensua vepre climbed to the impressive height of .