Evening Star Newspaper, December 31, 1927, Page 18

18 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. OC., SATURDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1927. Leaders in Scientific Endeavor Pave Way for Marked Advance Throughout Worl SCIENCE HAS PROGRESSED IN MANY LINES IN YEAR " Air Achievements Lead, While Gains Are Made in Chemistry, Medicine and Study of Universe. AN'S mastery of the air wa improved, diseases were cone 1o compress the dimensions of the world and the human mind and tem- scien, of 19 science are built. The advances that come to fruition in one year had their foundations laid by the labors of the past vear, and they will in their turn contribute to the accomplishments of future vears. achievements and events of 1927 were: AERONAUTICS. | tian mummies showed that decayed | teeth increased progressively as the apelike ancestor, Dr. Osborn of the American Museum of ] querea, mew chemicals were | Natural History declared: while Dr. produced, the probing of the | William K. heavens, unknown lands, and | Museum of ) the mysteries of the human past was | the human race rose in Asia from a continued, communication continued | distinctly apelike creature. thropologist, declared his belief in the Pperament were further explored in the | descent of man from a distinctly ape- researches and achievements | like ancestry, as against the prevail- . | ing doctrine that apes and men have Step by step great achievements of | parallel but distinct lines of descent. mediate between the old and the new stone ages were found in Uganda, Africa, by the Cutler expedition. . | ancient Indian culture that centered at Some of the principal science | piowah, Georgia, were donated to a number of American museums by Prof. Warren K. Moorehead of Phillips Academy. Andove; gory of the American atural History held that Sir Arthur Keith, noted English an- Skulls dating from a period inter- Intact stone graves typical of the Mass. German autopsies on 30,000 Egyp- ized and Henry Fairfield | Col. Charles A. Lindbersh made the | Egyptians became more civi first non.stop flight from New York | that syphilis was practically non-exist- to Paris, the first of a series of suc-|ent in ancient Egypt. cessful transoceanic flights by Ameri-| The trail of ancient man in the Far can civilian pilots using commercial | Northwest was followed by ethnol- aircraft and engines designed and | ogists of the Smithsonian Institution, built in the United States. | who collected material from old burials Aerial express service inaugurated {and studied customs in Alaska. on five routes, including the trans-| The “Burnt Rock” mounds in Texas continental ¥ | were found to contain records of three _Passenger air lines spanning the | prehistoric Indian civilizations. Nation were inaugurated Skeletons of the transition period at | Plans for en airship line making | the time when prehistorie Indians of the trip from Seville, Spain, to Buenos | the Southwest changed from the bask- Alres in three days were announced et-making age to the pottery-making by the German Zeppelin Works. age were found at Chaco Canyon, | More airways were lighted and | Now Mexico. | placed under Government supervision. Bones of extinct animals discovered, | Airwars maps were published by together with stone implements, in the Coast and Geodetic Surv Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico, Installation of radio directional bea- | were exami econs and two-way radio communica- | gigra, w tion between plane and ground upon | the existence of man on this continent | civil airways was begun by Depart: quring the glacial period. | ment of Commerce. The theory that clothing was first | Substitute for goldbeaters’ sKkin 28| adopted hy primitive man chiefly as a | gas cell fabric for airships was de- | protecrion . veloped by the United States Bureau | vanced by Dr. Knight Dunia 7 of Standards, reducing cost one-half | war uf pevehology at Johne Hopkin and permeability one-half. I Teivainity. Alrplanes of novel design, such a T nd special devices, such as the Hand- | [ S, G0 ArqPolofiees ooty was ley Page slot and aileron econtrol, | fuioni o ®oe the Uitited States N promised to make flying safer. tional Museum. A committee of weather experts, | 3 sponsored by the Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the promotion of aefonautics, Weather maps, showing conditions | at eight different layers, were inaug- | urated by the Weather Bureau as an | aid to aviation. | _An amateur astronomer named The utility of the earth inductor A Blathwayt. at Braamfontein, South | compase, the relatively novel means of | Africa, discovered a new comet on! using the magnetism of the earth for January 13. | determining direction, was demon-| An amateur astronomer, William | “strated when it was used by trans. | Reld of Rondebosch, South Africa adlantic and transpacific fiyers. | discovered a new comet on January 26. | The Pons-Winnecke comet, which | made one of its sexennial visits to the | earth’s neighborhood, was detected | | March 3 by Dr. George Van Bles-| 4 by a number of scien- ‘eclared that they indicate ASTRONOMY. ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHEOLOGY. | Willlams Bay, Wis. It came within | | 3.500.000 miles of the earth on June The Glozel tablets in France, al-|27. closer, with one exception, than lJeged to bear the earliest alphabet, |ANy comet had been known to come continued to cause acrimonious differ- | In the past. ences of opinion among archeologists. | A new comet was discovered on Excavations at the Swedish {sland | March 10 by Dr. Carl L. Stearns of of Gothland showed that the medieval [ the Van Vieck Observatory of Cen- city of Vieby held great commercial | necticut Weslevan University. importance because of iron trade. | The Grigg-Skjellerup comet was /ls- A concession from the Greek gov- covered on March 30 by Dr. George ernment for the excavation of the Van Biesbroeck of the Yerkes Observ- | No. 1, Charles Nungesser; Ni Ruth Elder; No. 3, Comdr. Byrd; No. 4, Col. Charles A. Lindbergh; Ma). Francis Coli; No. 9, Art Goebel; No. 10, George Noville; No. 11, William Brock: No. 12, Edward F. Schlee; No. 13, No. 7, Lieut. Lester J. Maitland; No. 8, i N F. Hegenberge 14, Charles A. Levli No. 15, Lieut. Al 0. 19, Rear Admiral William A. M . 20, Joseph 8. Ames; No. 2 FLYERS WHO MADE AVIATION HISTORY IN 1927 No. 5, Clarence D. Chamberlin; No. 6, Bert Acosta; No. 16, Ernest Smith; No. 17, Bernt Balche: rry F. Guggenheim. No. 18, Lieut. William, ank being of borosilicate crown glass 70 inches in diameter and 12% inches thick. A ten-million-dollar war was waged against the European corn borer in the Corn Belt States by the Depart- ment of Agriculture and declared suc- cessful. Three botanists, Dr. A. B. Stout, announced the development of a fast- growing hybrid poplar to meet the |demands for wood pulp. Cells, usually assumed to be short lived, were found still living in the heartwood of redwood trees a century old, it was reported by Dr. D: T. Mac- Dougal of the Carnegle Institution of ‘Washington and Dr. G. M. Smith of Stanford University. Felix of Cornell University. The Tennessee State Bupreme Court, in a decision on appeal in the famous Scopes case, declared the antl-evolu- tion law constitutional, but so worded its decision as virtually to nullify the law. John Scopes was excused from paying the fine levied against him for | violating the statute, because of an | broeck of the Yerkes Observatory,|error on the part of the judge presid- ing at his trial. found to speed up the rate of evolu- tionary change over 1,000 per cent. This work was done on fruit flies by T. H. Goodspeed and Prof. A. R. Olson Agora of Athens was obtained by the atory. American Bchool of Classical Studiss An Australian justice of the peace assured by financial backing from an Gale, discovered a new comet on anonymous mource. June 7. | The Itali Government undertook Schaumasse’s periodic comet was whelmed in 79 A.D. by the eruption by Prof. Van Blesbroeck of the Yerkes | of Mount Vesuvius Observatory and possibly by Gerald | Digeing among the ruins of Pompeii | Merton of the British Royal Observa- | brought to light new houses contain- | tory a little earlier. | ing art treasures and wall paintings | Encke's comet, a periodic visitor, ©f great interest. | was found on November 12 as it came An ancient Roman naval port, head. | near the earth again by Prof. George quarters of the fleet that patroled the | Van Biesbroeck of the Yerkes Observ- Rnine in the first century A.D.. was|atory. excavated near Cologne. and many | _ A naked.eye comet, visible in both small objects were found among the | e Northern and Southern Hemis- eomplex ruins. | pheres, was discovered December 3 hy | Prof. Peter Kosloff, planning a new |J F. Skjellerupr Australian amateur, | Russian expedition to Tibet, reported | 2nd was visible just before Christmas. the results of his latest discovaries fn | A Dew star was located in the Milk Mongoliz, particularly ruins of an Way by Dr. Max Wolf of the Heidel ancient Chinese city. herg Observatory in Germany. | New light on everyday lfe of the A comet and a nova, or new star,| knights who set out to recapture the Were discovered within three days by | tomb of Christ from the heathen was W0 German astronomers, Dra. A. revealed by study of a crusader's Hchwassman and Wachmann eastle in Palestine by a Metropoiitan . Prof. Joel Stebbins of the Univer. Museum of Art expedition. wity of Wisconsin announced the dis Two new Canasnite temples were C0Very that the matellites of Jupiter excavated 5t Beisan by the Palestine 7'Wi¥s keep the same side turned to- expedition of the University of Penn. ™Ard their parent planet, just as the sylvania Museum moon does toward the carth ! A museum at Jerusalem for Pales.| AN eclipse of the wun on June 29 tine antiquities was provided by a girt | Y2#ble In England and Norway, was of $2,060,000 made by John D. Rocke.| €D 4t certain points along the path Previously unknown po e oy - < » Singn. whe yured bt yoarn moetmien | Hamburg Observatory in Germany, Aiacovered ut Ur of the Chaldees hy | POUKh American astronomers in Nor- the Joint expedition of the University :‘r"?’m::"""‘c'l‘:['.’;; vl dd ot it on T shnaylvania Mussum and the Brit- | 7rry a1 of the Canadisn Mounted A Bumerian temple 1o the Earth | F0lice. Catholic missionsries to the A . " ¢ | Eakimos, fur trappers and others was Godaess, buflt more than 5000 years| ,uyeq by Dr. Willard J. Fisher ot the | #go was unearthed in the buried eity | o ru. 4’ Goiace Observatory in oh of Kish by the Field MuseumOxford | ,r. sdipe by o werving the total eclipse of the moon University joint expedition 10 Meso- | ,n June 15 | ia Discovery of just how the solar ra- | pors A temple to the Egyptian war 54 | ajution varies was announced by Dr. Montou. buslt st about 2,200 B.C., was| ¢ ¢ Abhot found in Pgypt hy Prench scientiats, | ciitorion ot O the Smithsonian In yevealing the existence of a hitherto | Many large sunspots wers obxerved | wtorms on the earth! unknown, king | and magneth Discovery of a tomb believed (o be | 100k place In apparent conjunction that of the grest architect Imhotep | with them oried by Cecll Firth, excnvat- The ponsibility that stars may be » depariment, and later he reached | Jeans, English astronome: what appesr 15 be the entrance 1o Basalt, a rock eommon on the earth, the burin)l chamber of King Zoser ix not present on the surface of the Yewulte of an cxtensive survey of moon, Dr Fred ¥, Wright of the Car. the country of the Hitthiees in Asta Institution told members of the Minor were reported and excavationd Nutional Acsdemy of Kelences in re of 5 Hitthe mound begun by ah expe | porting a weries of wtudies he had aition of the Oriental Tnwtitute of the riude with & new instrument University of Chicago ‘The sun »nd the nearby wlars may The syurce the Jaflelike =1one be in & vast cloud of cosmic “dust,” used by the Aztecs wan found at Zima- wiid Prof. ¥dward %, 1ing of Har. pen. by Prof. Memon Mens of the 4 Observatory, thus causing the Mexican Nationsl Museam ore Aistant wiars Mugnificent frescoes by ancient | ihun the nearer on Muyu ariistd were dimcovered b aciumlly been obseryed ehen Ttan, in Yucstan, by the Carn: The radius of the liniverse was es. Inatitution expedition ted un 100600000 Hght years by Tnportent ulne of 5 preddispmnic ¥. T Whitaker of FAlnburgh civilization hat Lriges the gop be- University tn n report to the RBritish iween the Puebls culture in the 8outh: | Association for the Advancement of west and that of the wmore advanced Meiopen culture of the Aztecs and Muyor o i the hands of smateur amtron southern Mexico were investiguted omers in all purta of the world, his A Boviet expedition 1o Mongolis nilon, the wpectrohelioncops, may headed by Frof Peter Ko Komloff. | go fur toward solvink outstsnding bronght buck hotanical, mologicul und | wolar mysteries, Dr, George Fllery areheologhisl specimens of grest value. | Jinle. honorary director of the Mount Phe Rawson-Machillan Arctle ex-| Wilson Obwervatory, declared, pedition of the ¥ield Museum, led by | A 6oinch reflecting telewcope, the Donald 15 MuacMillan, set out for Lab: | largest In the Bouthern Hemisphere rudor and Befin Land to collect @n | und the third larg in the world, thropologlcal butunics), gevlogical and waw ordered for the new Bouth Afrl g logical material can stetlon of the Harvard College Tha general belief that the Neander- |Oh ivatory, which *will replace the thal man wes & sideshoot from the | former station ut Arequips, Peru. with no modern de The wolar wave lengths in the un explored regions of the spectrum were mipped by the United Wiates NHuresu ndsrds in cooperation with Al y Obwervatory. laruent Ak of optical gl evolutionily e wcendantn wes challenged by Dr. Ales Hrdlicka of the United Biates Nutionsl Museun, whu holds evidence indicutes | of % that the Nesnderthal man was one of of ti Ih.r'l of the nearly extinct Tex: CONTRIBUTED TO Glza for the Egyptian antiqui-| Mquid was sdvanced by Prof. J. If. | | (o | an effect that | University of California. Natural evolutionary changes in distinctly recognizable animal varie- ties 1n a lake in Wisconsin, were re- ported by Dr. Frank C. Baker, curatog the Umiversity of Illinois. Chemical affinities between the milke of related animals were discovered by | Prof. H. R. Marston of the University | of Adelaide. Eggs of the marine worm, Neresis, were fertilized without fath by th use of an electric current, in tl laboratory of Dr. Ware Cattell of Memorial Hospital, New York City. Dr. Barnett Bure of the University of Arkansas has shown by experi- ments with rats that a poorly nour- ished mother, whose bodily stock of vitamin B is subnormal, hecomes un- able to pass along this necessary food element 1o her nursing offapring. The female wex hormone, or gland essence that causes typieally feminine reactions and development in animals, wian discovered In male animals nx well as female by Dr. Otfried O. Fell- ner of Vienna The tubsrculin testing ,of fowls to weed avian tuberculosis was ndv cated by Dr. John R. Mohler, chief of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, at the third international Canada, Mathematie studies of athletic rec. ords show that the one for the 880- yard run should be mowt easily broken, Dr. Earls R Hedrick of the Univer. wity of California ed. Dr. Raymond Pear), director of the Institute for Blological Research at the Johns Hopkins University, an. nounced a theory. based on laboratory observation of yeast, bacteria and fruit flies, that biological and human with a universal law, Congress has passed a bill to pro. vide for the collection and_cure of a Vorewt, OKInhomu A program for the sclentin study and administration of the great elk herds of the Yellowston planned by a oo of the Nationsl, bodies inters Holl Holence wa in June and Kern County, and Vebruary hyde and wald t yeu devised, waus il ubuud of the Pasteur Inetl moGern maL's ancesturs The evolution of men ¢on millons, instead ax such be | ever cart in the Pinlted Miates wi thousasls of Lamde by the Viited Btates Burcan of Srondurds, the reflecting telescope cars 6gy, Gud 1L was nol from en ¥ Tule of Pails Hedimovery of 1he stral bithed | recd punner, & bind of Urug frnt wnd Dr, Paul . Heyl, noted by Darwin in 1831, of which all trace had been lost for nearly 100 was made by C. C. S8anborn of the Capt. Marshall Field S8outh Ameri- can Expedition of the Field Museum. CHEMISTRY H. 8. Cooper of Cleveland, Ohio, showed that the }ght- metal beryllium or its alloys for airship frames and lightwelght pistons. The new chemical element, rhenium, was obtained in pure form by its orig- inal discoverers, Drs. Walter and Ida ' Experiments due to the gradual sinking of the low er valley of the river, closer and closer | V to sea-level, was suggested by Dr. Dr. Ralph McKee and E. J. Schreiner, | Metallic vanadium was obtained for | the first time by J. W. Marden and M. | N. Rich, both of the Westinghouse | A record-making deposit of borax, in the form of a new mineral called rasorite, was discovered In California by C. M. Rasor. Prof. David 1. Macht of Johns Hop- kins University announced that polar- ized light speeded the growth of cer- tain plants and had other effecta on Small amounts of copper were | found to make low-grade muck lands highly productive, according to E. L. | That the germs of tuberculosis con- tain a previously unknown compound, a phosphorus-containing fat, was di covered by Prof. | Yale University Making of synthetic rubber from | |eoal on a commercial scale was an- |nounced by the German chemical | ; g sclenti ulms:rvey. d'l-:"nverlrlw -;‘-_dhm-lvvlnl vey of heat injuries and one of the |that the l.'nll-d's;nu :; ’r:pwel a high mountain reglon hitherto un-'first investigations into the physiolog- | backing the rest of the world into a known and Anding a voleano in | fcal Rt e g ot} SR at e his bipuenit te eruption. | Scientists at Berlin have shown J. Anderson of Electroplating of rubber from latex or cellodial solutions of rubber was de- veloped upon an industrial scale. Hydromenation of coal to produce resembling petroleum reached the point of commercial ap- Efforts made in 13 States to pass anti-evolution statutes were unsuc- | cessful. X-rays applied to the reproductive | cells of animals and plants were the Kansu province In interior China | embyronic tissu [ was announced to the wr Progress in the further synthesis of | following duy by Science S | chemicals from cheap raw materials | Prof. H. J. Muller of the University of | was made. Texas, and on tohacco plants by Prof. | alcohol were the year that were immediately locat- 5 | ed by the cooperation of these three Bureau of 8tand- | hodies included those in Chile, April duralumin can be | 14 ana protected against corrosion by coating with pure aluminum, The United Sta the excavation of Herculaneum, over- observed on its return on October 4 |0f the Museum of Natural History of ards discovered t | 27; Alaska, October 24, and Califor- | | nia, on November 4. e largest volcano, was measured by | o\t | means of borings made in its foor by Dr. T. A. Juggar, director of the | o Bawail Vabuas Drmtiaios | skin affection, it was found by Drs. The United States Army developed & new fire.control instrument for unu-} aircraft artillery, which makes it pos-| sible for one man to aim any desired number of guns. A new 3inch antiaircraft gun, fir 16-pound shells at about one every two seconds, was de. veloped by the United States Army. was Jauregg of Vienna for his treatment | A color test for tetanus and diph. the rate of g rests by inoculation with malaria, | ther Jamea Peak, Col Marg: tween New [ City was opened to trufe poultry contest held at Ottawa, | mercury in 20,000,000 parts of the a mesphere was developed by the Gen. eral Electrie Co. University has prepared a crystalline | to have certain malformatio nsulin which appears to he a pure |and body than later children, and that hormone necessary for the main tenance of ne with a powerful odor like geraniums, was experimented with us a substitute for water in steam hollers, In an en- deavor to Increase their efficlency, More durable paper currency result. nited Statea | designed to ulted In est- ing from tesi Bureau of Standards r mated savings of $1.000,000 a % An acoustical plaster which absorbs most pf the sound falling upon it was developed by*the United States Bu: reau of Standerds. Methads of making low-cost roads of long: |gravel wand and clay were developed. lerick M. Allen of Morristown, N, J. Heart disease ocey populations rise and fall in accordance AENTIFIC ADVANCEMEN horn ecattle in the Wichita National of mice occurred In alit., Auring January A new mosquito poison based on ( u left (o vighti Jahn 1 Bocketellor, § G Ahh Idver extract can be used to cure pernicious anemia, Drs. George R. | Minot, William P. Murphy and E. J. .i(‘uhn of Harvard University an- GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY. Sclentists of 25 nations, meeting at|fOUNCed: also the latter extracted from liver an extract which produces Prague, passed resolutions recom- | red corpuscles and probably is the ac- mending an international co-operative | tive Ingredient. study of “ocean deeps.” | A diet that simulates a condition in | the body brought about by starvation Floods in the lower Mississippl Val-| ha4 been found by Drs. F. B. Talbot, ley and in New England were the|K. M. Metealf and Margaret E. Mo- worst that had ever been recorded. | Fiarty, at the Massachusetts General | Hospital in Boston, to give very suc- | That the Mississippi floods may be | cocory) results in treating epileptic children. amin €, the substance that s off scurvy, is present in milk well as in the fresh vegetables White, eminent geologist of | usually relied on to supply it, was the 1 Research Council and the | report by Prof. L. F. Meyer, follow- ates Geological Survey. Ing extensive experiments at the Uni- Disastrous tornadoes struck Louisi- versity of Berlin. ana, Mississippi, Texas, Oklahoma, 11- Ergosterol was declared to be the linois, Arkansas, Kansas and Missouri. | really active and essential substance 8t. Louls was particularly damaged. in the antirachitic vitamin by a num- Large quantities of oil may be de-| ber of investigators working independ- posited below the bottom of the sea, ently of cach other. said Dr. Parker D. Trask of the Amer-| Dr. Alfred F. Hess of New York ican Petroleum Institute. reported that dried milk that Eas Discoveries of potash salts in Texas been treated with ultra violet light is and New Mexico, thick and rich the most practical of the irradiated enough for mines, were discovered | foods that have heen used to prevent through test borings made by the rickets in hables. United States Geolo, al Survev, | Preventive vaccination for smalipox Seven thousand square miles in'and typhold, large quanties of quinine | moutheastern Alaska were surveved and elaborate mosquito control meas- | by aerlal mapping through the operation of the Navy and the Uni States Geological Survey. ©0-| ures contributed to checking out- °d breaks of diseass epidemics in the South after the Mississippi flood. Two large areas in Alaska totaling | Dras E. G. Wakefleld and W. W. 00 square miles were explored by | Hall of the United States Navy Medi. 8 of the United States Geologi- | cal Corps completed a systematic sur- A great earthquake on May 22 In|that it is possible to change simple into malignant tis- the former in tissue ervice. in | cultures to the action of arsenic. 1d_on the | sue by exposing co-operation “with the United States| Discovery of the germ causing tra- | Coust and Geodetic Survey and the|choma, a serious disease of the eve experl- | jeguit Selsmological Association, | tha en es y mentally as & source of cellulose for{ though It was ret for many. weeks| L han heen especially troublesome paper and artificial silk. New denaturants for in Athens. and the huge project was and amateur astronomer, Walter F.| shellfish within 60 years, producing developed, some of them being pro- synthesis from petroleum weeks | among the Indians, was announced bty later that actual reports from the Dr, Hidevo Noguchi of the Rockefeller devastated region reached civilization. | Institute, New k. A curative antitoxin for ervsipelas, first developed by Dr. K. Birkhaug of Rochester. N. Y., has been tried out with highly successful results at the Bellevue Hospital In New Y | which has one of the largest erysipela . .| clinics in the world. ‘The heat of Kilauea, the world's Streptococcus germs isolated from ons of erysipelas are capable |of causing sore throat without any Other severs earthquakes during November 14: Japan, March ieorge F. and Gladys H. Dick at the |John MecCormick Institute for Infec- | tious Diseases. MEDICINE. | Progress in the work of developing A serum to fight the African sleeping sickness was announced by Dr. Wil Prize for medicine | llam H. Taliafero of the University warded Prof. Julius Wagner- of Chicago The 1927 Nol toxins has been worked out b Cancer in the chicken can he ren- Drs. Lucy Mishulow and Charles dered inactive by small quantities of | Krumwiede of the New York City aluminum and calclum salts. Mrs. Health Department that will greatly t R. Lewis and Dr. Howard speed up the commercial production Andervont discovered of these products. Hitherto toxins A “heart hormone,” or Internal se. have had to be tested out on live cretion that stimulates the heart to £uinea pigs. a timeconsuming and The United States Steel Corporation |Keep it beating, was discovered by | not altogether accurate procedure. inaugurated an extensive program of | Dr. Ludwig Haberlandt of the Univer-| Dr. Florence H. Seibert of the Uni- research into jthe fundamental prob- | sity of Innsbruck lems of the inhdustry | vice for detecting one part of [roid gland, was made synthetically in | Which represents a step nearer the | the tahoratories of University College, [ solution of the actual nature of tu. London, by Dr. " R. Harington and | Prof. George Harxer atistical evidence that the first veisity of Chicago has produced an Thyroxin, the hormone of the thyv. active protein in crystalline form ulin, 114 In a family is more likely DF. J. 3. Abel of the Johns Hopkina | horn e : of mind i malformations are not likely to mal sugar metabolism, [ recur in later births in the same a German preparation | family. was presented by Dr. G, ¥. upplement or replace in- | Still. professor of children's diseases “Synthalln sulin In the treatment of diabetes, |at King's College, London was at first widely hailed, but proved | The utility of X-ray photographs ot a disappointment | the hend as a positive means of iden- rtl. | tification was demonstrated by Drs. covery of a new drug In." aw @ valuable treatment for | Willlam L. Culbert and Frederick M dlabetos was announced to the Ameri | Law of New York when thev identi can Medical Association by Dr. Fred. | fled an unknown body with thetr atd S less frequent. " OF WORLD DURING THE YEAR | | | | | Cain IR | Iy i childven who have had thelr | Ginile removed than in thase wha | have not. sald Deo A D Kalser of Rocheater, N, Y. before the Amerioan Medionl Awsociation AN extract from t liver of dogs It will keen Blood (rom clotting was Uavovered by Dic W I Mowell of uhine Hopking University A uew anesthotle Known as avertin Nat dachn many of (he undesivatle Aiuven of the wnesthetics now In use belng trled out fn German hospitals A new and acvurate chenical test O drunkenness, by wibch (he sub CUn hreath a passed thiough & hemical solutlon. was demonstiated vihe American Medical Assoclation v e Einile Hoken of the Univevaity I MacMittan, I f Clinnatt Aol 0E Mohley The Matrapalitan Tite Tnauran vof, dulbnl, Wagner dauregg 0 ANBOURCed Ehat Hs statist (Continued vi Page 41, Qptuge 1) 'U. S. AVIATION TO LEAVE " WORLD BEHIND IN 1928 | Exploits of Past Year Put Nation on Phases of Flying. 1 Threshold of Big Expansion in All By OWEN L. SCOTT LL tuned up, with motors roar- %, American aviation is about ke off on a year of prog- ress that will leave the flyers of the rest of the world far be- | hind—finally tralling after a long | | period of leadership ‘This past year of sensationa! flying | exploits furnished the impetus needed | | to carry the United States out into | the lead. During next year the in- | tense interest aroused will be capital- | ized in a less showy but a much more | steady development of organized com- mercial aviation. The nation's imagination had been | | captured by the remarkable advi | ture of its “most attractive citizen,” Col. Lindbergh. But before the orgy ot overseas flights that followed him | | had subsided 20 valuable lives had | been lost. This country’s taste for haphazard flying exploits disappeared. It turned instead to commercial fly- ing, with safety the keynote, and Lindbergh the leader. «ighted near the Ameri hore g in Labrador. The world pulled for them to win this race to be tre first to cross the Atlantic withou® a stop. Grief at their loss was w spread and each of the succsasful la American_fiyers honored them upen reaching France. Even as Nungesser and Coll we-s starting_on their journey Comd Richard E. Byrd with his crew. Charls Levine with his pilot and Comdr. Davis were preparing on this side make the jump toward Paris. Then out of the West came the un heralded Capt. Charles A. Lindberzr an unussuming, rangy lad, who had no claims to make, but posssssed of » purpose. He had jumped from Diego to 8t. Louis in one hop, setting a record-non-stop flight for a singis aviator. The next day he sped on ¢ New Ydrk and had attracted the a: tention of the country. People wondered if this q bov ish individual really intended to # out over the Atlantic in his land plane i there is a big demand for planes ' steamer Barendrecht | from business houses and individual, est fight ever made by a woman. and | business men, who plan to use them M fACL. the 26253 miles continueus ['a possible round-trip Alght fram the | | West. [ Faris o Naw der They last ware (Cualiaued o Page 21 Colvama ) the Spirit of 8t. Louls Picture of Situation Now. l.ln:ber:h didn’t give them much Now: Afrways, 12,000 miles of them, | time to wonder. On the evening of are soon to be completed. Airports May 19 he went to a movie. Whan totaling nearly 1,000 are ready. Alr- | returned, after hearing the weath. plane factories are swamped, turning | report. he asked to be called at 215 out 300 ships a month, where a year a.m. the next morning. It wasn't lorz ago they sought orders. .wenty-four before he was at Roosevelt Field, witn regular airmail routes, with 75 stops, | his plane out of the hangar. A sand. shortly will be serving 66,000,000 wich went into his pocket, a coffes people and at reduced postage rates. | still was added, a bottle of water taken Civil commercial aviation will s0on and a return ticket from France pass 25,000 miles a day on its regular | stuffed into another pocket alonz schedules. Ttinerant operators already ; with letters of introductio: are flying many times that distance. | he might get about in Pari | and service planes, brought to a high | out further ado, he told the sma' point of safety, are flying millions of | group at the fleld, “Weil, I'm oft,” and miles with a minimum of ncclden!t-. | sailed toward the East. Shortly 12 regular passenger routes v will be in operation, covering $.000 | World Ts Thrilled. miles. It is a situation that leads to Thirty-three and one-half hours later superlatives by intersted officials. he landed at Le Bourget Field, Paris. “Magnificlent _progress is being The world literally went wild over th's made, Herbert Hoover, Secretary of | new air hero. His boyishness, yo Commerce, exclaims: “During the modesty, pleasant smile, his seif next year we should surpass the possession and evident good-breeding whole world put together with impe- ' caused an idol to be made of him. Twe ! tus already gained. And all this is | Kings paid Lindy homage and all of being done by private enterprise with- | them wanted an opportunity to do so out Government subsidy, such as en-| Three goreign nations lavished him joyed in foreign countries.” with decorations. And speaking of naval aviation,| He kept his head, refused to com Rear Admiral William A. Moffett, | mercialize his exploit. and came back chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, to America to be the Nation's greates: declares progress has been ‘“extraor- | peace-time hero. dinary” while aviation training has = Less spectacular, but almost as re- recefved an impetus which “was uUn- | markable was the tour of the country doubtedly phenomenal.” :: zende Interest of aviation which fol ’ . wed the initial receptions. Th Twenty-fifth Anniversary. flight, to promote safety in aviation Flying in heavier-than-air machines | ,nger the guidance of the Guggenheim still ‘has to celebrate its twenty-Afth | Fyung covered 22,350 miles, Lindberzh birthday. This interesting event 18 10 | 3ng hig ship, the Spirit of St. Louls. be recognized mext December, When | .4, 53 sions and during all of this the leaders of aviation believe that | giing ne was late just once when fog another year of :;:::;emmod e prevented him rom landing at Port ress can Teco; - . i r i The satistaction which they feel| Bnd. Mo His tour finished one now over the state of the industry sting Lindbergh and his |in this country st due to overde:| piane have become unofficial good-will | veloped optimism. That's assured bY npgeadors of the United States. |the great air laboratorics at Wright | jiy fight from Washington to Mexico Field, Dayton. where they tell ¥ou| City fired the imagination of the "1y | Mexican peopie and did more than shade when (it comes to promote better relations between the | mechanical development. | two Republics. | This country is out in front 1v||' | engine design, with the unsurpassed | Twenty Fatalities in Year. | air-cooled motor, in latest design of ' Following the Lindbergh trans- | planes. in skilled personnel, and in atlantic flight, pianes began to dot | the application of radio communica- | the skies as they tried out for the hop tion to flying. Ther engine muffiers | over the oceans. At one time there ! are coming, and brakes, and various were seven airships lined up im Eu | safety appliances that piease the rope for a race to America. None of | traveler, them got far. But before the season How orderly is all of this develop- was over there had been 9 fatalities | ment, Harry F. Guggenheim, head of | including two women, as & result of {the Daniel Guggenheim Foundation the flights. and seven persns had {for the Development of Aeronautics, died preparing to make the jump. | emphasizes. On June 4 Clarence Chamberlin and “Looking back to the first of the Charles Levine flew the Bellanca | year 19: . “every one who monoplane Columbia from is the progress of Field, landing in Helfta. German: | American aeronautics must feel deep- near Berlin, having |ly impressed by the spgetacular de- miles in 43 hours | velopments {n the ind@@try and in| On June 23, Comdr. Richard E. Byrd. |the art and science o flying since With Bert Acosta, Lieut. George A. | that date. It must not be forgotten, | Novilie and Bernt Baichen. flew from | however, that before Col. Lindbergh's | New York, landing at sea adout 200 | achievement focused public interest ' Yards from shore near Ver.sur-Mer. upon transportation through the air, France. | s*eps had already been taken to pro- | These, together with Lin | vide the machinery for the orderly Mght. constituted the successs development of aviation in this coun. 3tiantic flights of the season ot . yese s be a different s: ¢ i en season at one time thers Development Going Ahead. wers 20 projects under wav for <ccse. There are evidences on all sides that | ing the ocean from New Yorx to Su this orderly development is gOINE | rope or from Hurope to A ahead. An important contribution has ' Twalve men and ane woman been made by Insurance companies ' thess Atlantic attemps WRich now carry over §$75.000,000 in policies to cover airplane fights. The Elder Haldeman Flight Amerfcan Railway Expreas Company A near tragedy was t et now carries express between Boston. | triumph by Miss Ruth Elder a. w York., New York-Chicago, Chi- George Haldeman. who were forced N | cago-Dallas, Chicago-8an Francisco | d40Wn to the sea by a broken feed Pipe and Salt Lake City-Los Angeles, on | While attempiing 10 fly from Rooseveit routes totaling over 4,500 miles Fleld to Paris in the Ame Passenger rates are fairly uniform. October 11 They near the from 10 to 14 eents a mile. And now | Alores and were p the It was the lons in their work overwater fiving was & record for man Development of a “fool proof” plane | OF Waman. | for commercial fiying is the object of | AR unsolved mystery of the vear contests being conducted by the Gug. | Was the of young Pa genheim Fund. Al of this is heading | T & daring dov. whe he up in an unexpectedly large number | from Rrunswick. Ga. August 35 » of purchasers of planes. The Depart. | the Stinson-Detroiter manops ¢ ment of Commerce predicts that!® Brunswick in an attem | “thousands of private owners soon 210ne 4500 milee to Rio de J | Wil fiy for pleasure fn uptodate | TN® Plane was last oMeilly reported modern, inherently stable aircrafy at SERted by a steamer 300 miles sast of | reasonable cost. It is dificult to !he British Bahamas Redfern asked anticipate the extent to which thig DY SEnals for the direction and dis clasy of fiying will grow ™ tance to shore and them disaprearad Aud scconding to Joseph 8. Ames, | MARY unconfirmed rumors told later | chalrman of the national advisory | O M9 having deen seen by other shive | committee tor asronautics o | and over the South American main : nd. But ma trace has been found ef Operated Without Subdsidies. the aviaiar Ris plane “The most significant characteristic | The only hope that he is alive ix of American aviation is the .increase Dsed an (he passidility that he landed {in the number of Drivately owned R S0me unexplored And inaccessible alrplanes and the increase tn the| lertitory. and has been unade te nUmber of fylng entsrprinee which .‘.fl-. s way to civitmation are operated without cash subsidies, s oo (e Fasiic wes mush in other countries.™ the same. Six men and one vl were With all of the develipment in com. | (86 I the Alghts and proparations o mercial and private fiving during this | AENts rom Quiitorni o Hawait Past year, most public attention has Flight te Henalulw been directed at the adventurcus ex | on June 2% Lieuts Lester ¥ M ploits of Amerian overseas % | lnd ‘and Albers Megeoborpes ooe Only Amerians succented in spannIng | (rom Qakiand. valit | e W nerr P the Noeth Alantic during this vear of | Monalulu, 3400 milea. in 23 e unusually rdous Mighis Rut still | 30 minutes This | ~ there remains the ohallenge affered By | hv the Army. ant 1 oy T ! i solontifte val o And the Atlantic still (s unconauersd | ars cver the wean. They \\‘“." . wed by heavier than alr planss seeking to AN thelir trip by radie Mlh: > make the single Sourney from Kast (0 Then, an Tuiv 13 Ernest Smich and Bmory - Bronte flew oo Qukiand Tandiy o Tsland of Moo b el man crassed the ALAntic and | Honelii ateee s hotre ity e ClEht orossed the Pacito from (he yees in the Weat Coast to Hawall Lindberkh | “This was followed on Augiet 17 demonatrated that the vesan coult be when Avehu During the season of Aights tn 1927 Lerossed alone in one nonstop fight |\ s landed Chamberiin came atong andt showad | Qakland, winning ¢ that thia crosaing coull be made with Edward Schive and \ | % passenger. Byrd and his crow dem | sgarted out on & round the workd onstrated how a hig multiple motored and made ha t and ! the cirvait of ShIR, welghed down with several pas | muiles in 15 deys Bui Dad weatbe: SONKOrE And IMUCK SQUIRMANE WMIERE, and Public sentiment preyented :a.‘ make the apan o out af Tekie fw Romance and tragedy ran 2 week | fnal half of the trip and neck race for leadershin as the | These speciacular exphoits kopt ¢ BOAS'S (FANROCIARIC MEHEE UL Under | ationtion of (he pubiic. DUt were not way, ihe ORly outsianding Alpane aven Recalls Freneh Attempt Wlahmants of the yvear Ove record Tragedy sored fvat when Cupta {OF PAVERUIE vatue Was estadilahed by Nungesser and Culi, French war aces | UTatence Chambarliin and RBeit Acosta, And mational Rewves in their vountry, AVIng o Relladen wmanoplana with § set A an thewr atiempted Might fram “‘",h' whiviwind _wwto when the