Evening Star Newspaper, November 27, 1927, Page 47

EDITORIAL SECTION EDITORIAL PAGE NATIONAL PROBLEMS " Part 2—20 Pages | SPECIAL FEATURES I he Sunday Star WASHINGTON, D. C, TURKEY CHIEF FOREIGN PROBLEM OF CONGRESS | Ba Bitter Fight, Seen Over Resumption of * Relations, Hinges on Armenian Issue. Morrow Opposition Looms. BY WILLIAM HARD. NOUGH Senators and Repre- sentatives had returned to Washington by this week end to justify a fairly definite fore- ca pen in the next Congress touching the fleld of our relations to great affairs abroad. The first foreign problem to chal- Jenge the next Congress will be Tur- key, A fight will be made against the confirmation of Joseph C. Grew to be Ambasasdor to Turkey. bhe because of anything Grew. 1t will be because a g clergymen in this country many politicians are stron to any dealin the Turks eng the Armen The Turks have not left many menians to do Armenian popu 1 now very small. vertheless many | Protestant preachers and many Sen ators still think that we ousht to re-| deem at Jeast some small part of the | Jarge pledge made by President Wood yow Wilson when promised the a free and independent . ny | S | ¢ opposed | urks until e to do something for | he he solved Long Fight Near Close. The Senate foreign relations com mittee will, thevefore, soon witr the last lingering round of the long| fight between the “internationalism” of Woodrow Wilson and the “isolation ism” of William Edgar Borah, who is now the committee’s chairman. | 1t is believed that Mr. Borah will| now have his way. It is believed that | Mr. Grew will be confirmed as Amba sador to Turkey. It is helieved that | the new Turkish Ambassador to the United States will next month be hos- | pitably welcomed by President Cool jdge. It is believed that these v stored relations of diplomacy with the Turks will then be followed by com-| pletely restored relations of commerce. | “Isolation” and trade will triumph | over adventures in high and remote | responsibility for massacred Armenian Christians, The next fight will be over the con- firmation of Dwight W. Morrow to be Ambassador to Mexico. Senator Robert M. La Follette has issued in his personal magazine a violent attack upon Mr. Morrow as the repr tive of selfish American inter Mexico. Quite a few of our anti-imper; and anti-interventionist Senato join Mr. La Follette in opposing Mr Morrow. Mr. Morrow is himself intensely anti- imperialist and anti-interventionist. Unusual Exhibition Promised. li We shall thus be treated to a most | enthralling exhibition. Anti-interven- tionist Senators will oppose an anti- interventionist Ambassador, because he was a_member of J. P. Morgan & Co. Pro-interventionist Senators will support an anti-interventionist Am- bassador because he comes from such respectable financial surroundings. Mr. Morrow has separated himself from all his interests in Morgan & Co. He and Mr. Borah have exchanged views. They have found themselves in virtual agreement regarding the practical points in our policy toward Mexico. It is believed that the progressive Mr. Borah will ally himself success- fully with the senatorial conservatives to confirm the progressive Mr. Morrow. The next problem will be the new treaty with Panama. The sticking point to this treaty is the provision that whenever the United States is at_war the government of Panama will at once enter the war on the side of the United State: It has been charged t provision was forced upon Panama the pressure of our State Department. That view is totally erroneous. Holds Charge Is False. The foreign minister of Panama Senor Morales, told the whole story | to the last Assembly of the League of Nations. He said: “The United States has been accused of forcing Panama to accept this provision; but my government solemn- | Iy declares that allegation to be false The provision was proposed by the | Panaman government itself as a | proof of its solidarity with the United | States in regard to the defense of the canal.” In other words, the canal is a fact and therefore in war a defensive alliance hetween the United States | and Panama is hound to be a fact. | The treaty reaily merely states that | t of what is going to hap-| This will not | | certain European powers | attack |ened to ratifies the treaty. W fact. 1 Panama the United States Then will come the proposed treats between the United States and France outlawing between the two countries. Mr. Borah and Secretary of State | Kelloge are very close together in | their “attitude toward this proposal. They perceive that war can be out- | 1awed only by a universal assemblage of all nations. It cannot be outlawed | by two n or in ions. aince hi | nce: treaties, of alliance with It is hound | to defend those powers. The United | States would have to promise not only | never to attack France. but never to | ium or Poland or Rumania | slovakia or Jugoslavia Agreement Held Impossible. The Un ites has the Monroe | ctrine. It is bound to protect the | Latin American powers France | would have to promise not only never to attack the United States hut never to attack any country south of the Rio Grande. | The mere lem shows simply tween France not to make w After soundi w te i or Czech of the an mever be | reement he- | and the nited States on each other. the sentiments of 1 responsible quar- writer feels secure in stat-| Washington welcomes the ntiment of outlawing war between the United States and France, but remains convinced that nothing ex- cept sentimentality will ever result from it unless and until it is broad- include all nations. Then, finally, but above all, the problem of ships—naval nd merchant_ ships. Representative Fred A. Britten of | Ilinois, militant member of the naval | re committec of the House of | Representatives, assugs this writer that he is absolutely confident that Congress will 1 bill for at least five new cruisers a year for five years running Representative Britten says: “This is not against Great Britain —or against any other foreign power. It is to give ourselves only what we need in ords to round out our own treaty flee statement that it by an prob- | that comes ships | Quotes English Expert. Mr. Britten can quote on his side | most distinguished of all British | naval write T) is Mr. Hector | Bywater. Mr. Bywater £H “With the few modern cr now at its disposal the American Navy could do practically nothing to secure the safety of its trade routes in war.” He adds “Twenty additional cruisers for the United States would be a cheap form of insurance for their present large volume of sea-borne trade. The British say that war between us and them unthinkable. That | being so, Mr. Bywater the Briton, and Mr. Britten the American, agree on more cruisers for the American Nav The approaching Congress will un- doubtedly give us a considerable cruiser program. Senator Wesley L. Jones, Republi- can chairman of the Senate com- merce committee, and Senator Dun- can U. Fletcher. Democratic ranking member of that committee, will mean- while earnestly press for positive measures regarding an_increase in the number and regarding an im- provement in the quality of our mer- chant ships for passengers and for cargoes. Without such without such an improvement building of new naval cruiser: vain. val war demands car ships as well as fighting ships British Now in Lead. At present the number of British merchant ships that ean go 16 knots | and hour is 145. The number of | American merchant ships that can | go_16 knots an hour is 3 Washinzton would like to see its | g00d merchant ships least half as numerous as the good merchant | ships of London. We are out to get merely parity with Great Britain in naval ship: and merely something like half-parity in_merchant ships. Both projects will eost public money. The next prove that undantly and the i an increase will again | nited States i | supplied with foreign problems, and it is likely perhaps to have for its chief claim to ultimate; remembrance its handling of the problem of our ships on the inter- national highway of the seas. Scientist Urges Watch for Relics Of Norsemen A large flint spearhcad made of material different from Indian spear- heads of Maine is arousing renewed’ interest in the stories of Norse adven- tures in orth America in the eleventh century. The spearhead, which was found on the heach at Pemaquid sev- eral years ago, is now in the posses. ston of Walter B. Smith, who bas me@e extensive studies of Indian re- mains in tnis region In a report on the possibility ot $nding traces of the Norsemen, just made hy Mr. Smith, ha_ states ‘Vh.'nl the spearhead may be Indian in origin. He points out. however, that it is not of flint such as the Indians used, but meems to be identical with a rock halleflinta, which is well known The fact that eleventh Vikings had the age dds to the mystery. ings landed in this xactly kno The century of stone tools Where the country is n e describec to have been somewlere Labrador coast, and the accounts sav that some of the explorers staved several years. g “Jt the sagas are true,” Mr. Smith says, “it seems improbable that some of the numerous bays of the extensive coast of Maine could have remained unknown to these hardy voyagers. They would have been lured here by the spirit of adventure or the hope of gain, or driven hither by storms. Mr. Smith has spent some time vain- 1y seeking Indian aze sites and burial places around Pemaquid, in the hope of finding objects which the In. aans mignt have obtained from the Norsemen. A number of shell heaps broved that Indians had once lived there. but no trace of European work found in any of these. i Tools of iron possessed by the Noi men would probably he masses of rust by this time, he points out But most objects of copper, bronze, lead and gilver would be still recognizable Shards of Norse pottery might still rvive, and also glass, particularly beads. “I¢f Norsemen actually d b overed in North America | North America at that early date, 1 believe there is still a possibility of | finding proof of it, unless such proof is already destroyed,” Mr. Smith con- cludes | the Ant, T | | | BY H. G. WELLS. v rely 1E ordina and I r dis not inclined. life. but never have loathed from m) interest in the Labor promised to end that game. made it worse! But there are times when youth up. party has to be paid to these detestable sports. little to most of whether the income tax is decreased or : and whether Z or .\ who damps our hopes for the edu- The Westminster per- als run their departments in very much the same manner whether it is Labor man who inter should I Baldwin pretending to be a Ramsay romantic gentleman at mally it matters very sed a little by X or Y or Z, it mg tion of the country. ent offic a Liberal or trivially in their whether it is Mr, <imple. honest farmer pretending to he a Downing street” Normally happens that this is an abnor like millions of my fellow countr: up to find that this Baldwin which we considered merely drowsed under inattentive dangerous government that had. Its pecu danger 1earned nothing from the war s not the passive stupidity sway. Why or is at three ing in the direction of war. L In the first place, it has cal v lican regime in Germany. obligations to France. for Europe. black without that accord. quite another. it dare money do th: and F alone? sh moral conflict all the suppre: side in German now the under And this the that of “Mussolini's friend.” ik, e Next comes the failure to get to an under- standing with the United States upon the issue At the present time, as Ken- the completest fashion in his recent book, Great Britain and the United States are arming against each of disarmament. worthy has demonstrated in ANTI-SALOON LEAGUE TO MEET IN CAPITAL DECEMBER 5 TO 8 Program Includes Move for Campaign to Secure More Drastic Penalties for Violators of Dry Law. | Group Sees Incoming Congress as Strongly Dry. BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WIL] Prohibition's periodical council war—the biennial national convention of the Anti-Saloon League of Amer- i cember 5, 6, 7 and 8 Place and time are of deep significance. The “apital was chosen because the con- vention’s program has direct referen to the presidential year of 1928. The date of the biennial was fixed 1o c incide with the assembling of the Seventieth Congzress, for the Nation's organized drys intend to address House, Senate and administration in something resembling imperious terms. Legisiation to impose more severe penalties upon prohibition violators is the drys’ principal deman The incoming Congress iz held by dloon League forces to be overwhelmingly dry as far as any tampering_with existing laws is co cerned. Projects of House wets like Representatives Shafer, Celler, Boy- lan, Oliver, La Guardia and Kahn, or of Senate wets like Senators Bruce, Edge and Edwards to resubmit mod fication bills fail to ruffle the prohibi- tion managers. Both Houses Held Dry. The Senate is accounted dry on cardinal prohibition issues by roughly 70 to 26 votes. The House is also estimated to be at least two-thirds “With this possibility in mind it is fittinz that collectors of Indian relics, all those who dig in shell-heaps. the discoverers of unknown inscriptions on rocks, and any one who finds puzzling ohjects of metal, pottery or stone, which are occasionally uncov- cred from thelr burial places along our coast. should save them for iden- tification. The majority of such ‘finds” will, of course, prove 1o he of little conse. anence. hut there is a possibility that something may be found of far greater | slenificance. Tinless such care is ex- ercised. tangible obfects of a possible Norse orizin. perhaps at our very Aoors, may he carrled away unrecog- nized by the junk man.” Children in Naiionai Park Have Pet Deer pet problem children of the Government !staff at Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona. Denied ihe customary |cats and dogs through park regula- |tions, they have been given 10 fawns {from the deer herd in the Kaibab Na- tional Forest north of the park, and we now quite happy. 3 | Do; nd cats are forbidden within the pa partly because they are predatory animals and likely to Kill, woat least ative wild pop- ulation. The substituted fawns were provided hy angement between the National Park Service and the Forest Service. were transported from the North Rim to the South by truck. One of the ten escaped, and one died not lon ter its arrival at park headquarters, hut the surviving eight are thriving an have become very A for 1h [for 1 has been solved | |ar These margins of strength, the | An looners explain, may vary on asion, such as the time when only 5 Senators supported cloture to pass ! the prohibition-service reorzanization [ Dill. " But the bill itself was adopted |72 to 6. On a showdown to repeal | either the eighteenth amendment or the Volstead law, the drys boast that | not more than a I nt vote | would be obtainable in either house. The forthcoming Anti-Saloon bien- nial intends calling upon Congress to exhibit the dry faith that is osten- =iblv_within it. The league declares, in effect: “The time is here for th |dry Congress to say {o the adminis- tration. by passing enforcement laws ind voting enforcement appropria- | tions, that it is ready to back up the administration in enforcing those laws. | The time is heve, especially, for Con- gress to say that it and the people of the country will hold the administra- | tion responsible for failure to enforce | the laws.™ Want Heavy Penalties. That summarizes the prohibition program in general. In particular, it calls for new legislation to carry out that program. The drys' view is that be effective deterrents. offenders against any of the five “con- stitutional provisions"—sale, manufac- ture, transportation, exportation or importation of liquor—to be made liable to prosecution henceforward as violators of the Constitution. An il- escape with a relatively light prison sentence compared to the penalties confronting jugglers with the narcot- ics law The Anti-Salooners demand !long-term penitentiary sentences for | “constitutional offenses,” i. e., viola- tion of the eighteenth amendment. As to 1928, the Washington bien. nial will confine itself broadly to the yrinciple that “the candidate will make —will be held in Washington on De- | game of politics bores me write about maneuvers of X, Y and Z to get toward the head of the queue of possible tenants of 10 Downing street fill me with that cold ust we all feel for vices to which we are I have wanted many thing: The “party game™ was Alas, it has only some attention there is no reason at all. is ritain has ever that that its stupiditv we believed, but a very active stupidity, so th rdinal points it has set things mov- ried its support of the aggressive and reactionary Mussolini dictatorship to a pitch which amounts to a rtual betrayal of both France and the repub- We are under great In the past I crit French policy when it seemed to be obsessed by a blind hostility to Germany because T Delieved, and T still believe, that upon development of a Franco-German friendship hangs all the hope we have of a great future A liberal France, a liberal Ger- many in accord; the European future is utterly But to critic France when she is aggressive is one thing and to qundermine her position in Europe is This tawdry, unclean tyranny in Italy insults and threatens France. Without support? the hope that if it can entangle France in a d barbarism side which side, will flare up ta its assist- afe”” government of o1 which moves not a finger to arrest this advancing disaster, can find no better role to play in such a European situation than of | government, SUNDAY Do people this? Neither country educational organ it. The squandered, upon the tions that are with the same and a long tradition more rivals, in 1 My primary that it The Baldwin blame on the Ameri who wants its excuses? Thirdly, we have the Nor- us in- much practiced by all the ¢ world—a publication published in New cfficient as anything Russian the Ru Tory enes care premises of the burgled. Mr, Churchill reviled unpardonably. is broken off, for the manufacturers more or less closed. and Russia in the idea of the Soviet gov MacDonald 10 But it 1 time, and men T wake and most otic the % % Naturally that retaliate. What would Russian? We British vernment to pre: it it has hoped and t ganda can 3 unnecessary to embitter this enemy. dying down. Trade was improving. Now all that has 1. now there is an active cized the Rritain trains a_highly tionary force. Atlantic the specter e tom and more of Would American Without * % 1 will say government nothing of the is of the interna s in mental inflexibility whic able to new cir the old diplomatis ably to the smash the imagination to see drives to another smash. government remains in I am not indulging prophecy. realize the ation adequate to its needs and opportunities, and yet vast sums are being naval “experts,” on military and naval prepara. bringing language, a of and more Into the excuses for Its failure at Geneva. n repr an amount of esplonage and propaganda not it at all greater ief governments of the like Hampsh anti-imperialist ns have ever representatives pelled in the most insulting manner and the Russian Ministers like Lord Birkenbead and the What are the results A market particularly desirable particular are that Great Br rnment. government s on with whatever propa- conducts against Turkey, China and India especially. u fmagine it doing? stimulate Intercourse British have grimaced threats at Ru to prepare that people for the attack the blus- terings of such ministers as Mr. Churchill and the home secretary seem So behind . Britain and central Asia, in the heart of Europe and across the of threatening, more substantial, less of a phan- a possibility, month of this government’s rule. the world the present British government has been evoking the war idea and the war spirit. of waged it is, it is dwarfed by the monstrous tional situation. that the British government wants war— two possible exceptions among its But it is stupid; its stupidity is that sort of amstances, militar of 1914, and years that smash, 1 believe, will come, ‘What I am writing here is realized MOR of an significance has, for example, tude of obsei things, just dvice of milits nd And one mi great multit push the go and thoroug plete purse eral election. the reality imagination to ind military these two countrie common culture mutual forbearance, attitude of armed government has its It puts the entatives. But 1ts failure is a crime. Russfan muddle. For against the herence. Th over the pol t N that normally a, for example, re, is far more propaganda than done—the were ex- in office. in London that n W on with the distinguished apparently ¢ Victoria sat seem to see stream of e which they trade delegation Russia Trade regime in of The Great Britain is world in general impressed with in is “the” ememy pjank amaze 1 am loath t proceedings. there can be no doubt does its hest to you do if you were a “oblige” the Russian of pure pari advocate of are_eve Asia—in What else And it was totally this hostility and antagonism was was increasing. us in are too bu selves, lettin, e figure of fa equally resol been put back. The ia until propaganda in RUSSia tion on the mental politi to forebode. And b mechanicalized expedi- [ iberals and even the un ment polic becomes more \ard. | \Whe war with every Ramsay Ma Throughout % erate party the disaster ¥ But the qu and most of lately do about i Great Brit eral and La alvation, 1 that the int policy of a L war this ve as dangers I will not say ith members, the social at home. ( is, h makes men inadapt- 1t goes on upon ational ment. Of th, it has not likely to mo plainly how surely i 1f the pr office for another five British elec rather more here in single-handed services and G, NOVEMBER the surface of thing drum along intellectual profit as it has over the min ywhere against the Labor party. peace vote and, “What are 27 1927 ldwinism a Danger to the World now more or less lucidly by an immense multi- rvers, as the 1t lies upon t face of of 1914 lay plainiy on for years hefore it came. sht reasonably imagine that this ude would set about preparing vernment out of office, effectivels hiy; would make sure of a com- of its supporters at the mext gen- . Nothing could be further from of the €. ame want ot that allows the British government with international bickerings preparations toward a new great war robs the huge majority of people who are government of any effective co- e great war seems fo have passed iticians in oppesition with as small ters s In the face of a rapidly approaching disaster reck civilized life these people zo old tricks and the old antics that i political life in those days of sternal security when good Queen upon the throne. They do not that there is any situation or any vents outside the little arena in maneuver against each other for office and the petty glories of a party triumph. Two figures in particular I contemplate with ment. One is Sir Herbert Samuel, 0 believe him as silly as his public But of their immense silliness He is the figurehead ty Libera He is the typical those 500 Liberal candidates who to wage implacable warfare Everywhere they themselves in breaking up the if they cannot get in them- g in the Tory—and war. Over against him is Ramsay MacDonald, ntastic vanity and secretiveness, ute on keeping the Labor party in bitter antagonism to the Liberals, though the heavens fall. under his influence, spends most of its ammuni- The poor little Daily Herald, Liberals and the mere whisper of ““coalition” is treated like an attack upon funda- ical virtue. The implacable stu- pndity of both these groups, the pure party the pure party Laborites, exceeds teachable stupidity of the govern- And they are helping it for- n the bombs begin to burst and the smash comes Sir Herbert Samuel and Mr. cDonald, because of their invet- spirit, will be as responsible for as Mr. Amery or Mr. Baldwin. * testion 1 have been asking mysell the people I have been meeting we personally going to ke the majority of people in want a coalition of the Lib- parties. at plainly is our lize—surely every one realizes— ernal legislation and the foreign iberal government in Great Britain 1 n, 1 bor for the next 10 vears at least would be sub- stantially the same as that of a Labor gove e two, Mr. MacDonald is the lea ve a step toward Socialism. The pretense of any irrecencilable fundamental dif- ferences does not deceive 5 per cent of the torate. The Liberals might economical and skimpy over s the Labor people more snobbis be ial h (Cor ntinued on Third Page.) the issue* The Anti-Salooners en- tirely indorse Senator Thomas .| Walsh's view that if Gov. Al Smith | enator “Jim" Reed is the Demo- cratic presidential nominee, he must be fought by drys, no matter what | kind of a “law-enforcement” plank he stands on. The drys would oppose a blican presidential candidate :holas Murray Butler or Sen- ator Fdge, for example—as fiercely as they'd assail Smith or Reed, if the New Jersey statesman or New York educator were nominated on a “law- enforcement” platform. The Anti- Salooners bluntly affirm they're “not g0ing to be fooled any longer” by law- enforcement plans camouflaging *‘no- torjously wet" candidates. That goes, they explain, for 1928 congressional and State candidates, as well as presi- dential nominees, Issue Not Desired. No so-called “dry planks” will_be sought from the two parties. Cer- tainly no effort is projected to carry out Senator Borah’s theory that pro- hibition should be made the para- mount 1928 fssue. Such pressure as the prohibitionists exert at the na- tional conventions will be confined to opposing the nomination of presi- dential and vice presidential candi- dates “whose attitude on nullification of the Cohstitution is either doubtful or antagonistic.” The board of di- rectors of the Anti-Saloon League at Winona Lake, Ind., last August made formal declaration to that effect. T]ll’lr course will he approved at the biennial convention in Washington next month. The Christian Century, independent religious weekly, demands that the Anti-Saloon League immediately launch a movement to elect a majority of dry delegates to the 1928 Repub- lican “national convention. But_this plan, according to F. Scott McBride, general secretary of the league, runs counter to the “non-partisan” basis on which the Anti-Salooners are crusading for “constitutional government Fund for “Education.” Mr. r campaign are now organ- zing, is exclusively for “educational purposes.” They've no anxiety, he declares, about the permanency of prohibition as law of the land. But they're aware of the “incessant anti- dry campalgn of education” which the wets are waging, and intend to meet existing penalties are far too light to|the’direction of the dome, the broad- They want |shouldered crusader upon whom the licit distiller or bootlegger can now | ly registers what the temperance folks and combat it. MecBride claims that a $650,000 annual dry budget is ‘nor- mal.” Sitting in his office at the foot of Capitol Hill and cocking an eye in lion’s share of the late Wayne B. Wheeler’s work has fallen, said: “We don't spend any money In Washington, except for office mainte- nance. Our work, as far as the Hill 1s concerned, is done. Congress mere- ‘back home’ have already accomplish- ed—that is, it enacts the laws the vast majority of the Nation demands. Our money is used to keep the prohibition spirit militantly alive—as it were, to hold that which we have. Ninety per cent is spent upon educational worl to that end—for lectures, for radio, McBride tells this writer that | for literature and for movies, ICopyright, 1927.) [§ |COMPULSORY AUTO LIABILITY INSURANCE AN AID TO SAFETY Decrepit Cars and Habitually Reckless Drivers Are Being Driven Gradually From the Roads of Massachusetts. JAM ULLMAN, | | BY W A sidelight of the Massachusetts | compulsory automobile lability law that provides one of the most interest- ing features of this unique experi- ment in motor legislation is its marked contribution to safety. To those who have listened to and read propaganda directed against the law reference to its safety as a “sidelight” may avpear to be surprising. That, however, is what it is—a sidelight, for there was no thought of its effect upon safety when the law was passed, for all that Massachusetts sought to do was es- blish a motorist’s financial respon- ibility in event of an accident before it would allow him to own and operate a car. Compulsory liability insurance has proved a safety measure, however, and, inevitably, it will become more and more a safety measure. Although this feature of the statute is no more than a circumstance of its applica- tion, Bay State officials find it a most happy one and glory in the law’s suc- cess in this sphere. Reckless Drivers Barred. Now that the statute has worked out in this fashion, it is apparent to every open-minded observer that there are three main ways in which the law tends to reduce street and high- accidents. rst, it denies the reckless driver the right to own and operate a car. Eventually, it will get rid of the habit- ually careless motorist, as well. Second, it rids the highway of one of its greatest hazards—the decrepit automobile whose safety features long before have passed into a state of hopeless inadequacy. Third, it penalizes all motorists di- ctly in proportion to the bad driving of the group as a_whole. States and municipalities have been after the reckless driver for many but no matter how rigorous their traffic codes nor how far-reach ing_their enforcement programs, majority of this type seems to have ecded in slipping through the le- Lven when cau . the reck- imperative that the underwriter keep check upon the motorist whom he must insure. So daily he goes over the court cases that give him a line on his patron. In other ways, he gathers information which will be useful when he goes before the State board to defend his right to cancel a motorist’s policy, which, of course, is tantamount to suspending the latter's right to own and operate a car. If the driver is reckless, as shown by the evidence adduced by the un- derwriter, off the roads of Massachu- setts he goes, by order of the State, though by evidence submitted by the insurance company. The companies have not always been upheld in cases of this kind, but they have been successful in hundreds of in stances, ach case of this character, says nk A. Goodwin, Bay State regis- car _of motor vehicles, contains a significant moral for every motor car owner in Massachusetts, namely, he points out, that unless one drives carefully one cannot drive at all. The effect, he believes, is one of the most salutary ever contributed to the cause of motor safety. Will Rid Road of Menace. The result of such thorough record keeping as it will reach the careless driver is not difficult to foresee. Eventually the insurance companies will have sufficient data to approach this type of driver with the results of his carelessness down in black and white. At that time it proposes to tell him. in effect You are not a deliberately reckless driver, but yvou are an unthinking unreliable one. Our experi you and others of your t e favorable. We do not think the State ill impose vou upon either an an- surance company or other moto who must pay high premium r because of the Josses your type in flicts upon underwriters. Thus the insurer is confident that he can vid the road of its second great- est menace—the man who drives ut- terly oblivious of the fact that his vehicle is potentially a most deadl} weapon. er Fas seemed to find a ioop- ough which he can escape the severe penalty of having his right to drive a car taken from him. Also, there are thousands of instances in Which the reckless driver is not caught. Any motorist can testify to numerous conspicuous exhibitions of foolhardy driving that have escaped the notice of those empowered to take punitive action. Private Agency Aids. In Massachusetts today a powerful private enterprise which has a great deal to lose through reckless driving is bulwarking the State and munici- pality in keeping track of the motor- ist whose tactics menace the safety of other street and highway users This agency, of course, is the insur- ance company, which has been brought into the picture through the compulsory liability law. No deviation from the straight and narrow pathway of circumspect mo- toring that reaches the surface through any channel escapes the rec- ords of the insurer. In order to know his chance for business success it is Already a number of both types of drivers have disappeared from Massa- chusetts streets and highways. The number so far missing, however, is in- significant as compared with that an- tictpated unless the individual driver catches hold of his weakness and ap- plies the remedy himself. ‘The second way in which the law {s serving the ends of safety so effec- tively—by driving decrepit cars from the streets—is bearing excellent fruit, a study of the situation in Massachu- setts shows. These ramshackle ve- hicles, which are deficient in respect to brakes, steering, power and every other safety feature, have been driven to the junk heap since the State add- ed the price of an insurance policy to their original cost. The traffic could not bear the additional monetary bur. den. Mr. Goodwin points out, “‘and the junks have gone where junk belongs, to the junk pile.” More and more of this type of car will disappear and the day will come when nearly every automobile in the State will_have proved to_its_owner, u.:ontlnued’sn Third Page.) . Country Returning Balance BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. ARIS—When I was months ago, the me the panic of the Summer 1 were still fresh; it the tranc had been rescued and pegged, there was still an air of appre- hension. Business men, banicers, in- vestors and all people of property had lost “confidence. Today the impression is j posite. Within a relatively few months Poincare has fotified the franc beyond the reach of any attack The franc has been b nearly 1 year at the ratio of sbout 25 to the dollar. All the confusion incident to an unstable medium has gone More than_this, the impressive ci cumstances is the unmist dence of general pr cent weeks 1 have traveled throug good deal of France, visited Stras- bours, Lysn and Montpellier, stopped in many smaller towns and walked | throngh’ not a few villages. | where there is a sense of well beins. t the op- France More Prosperous. The France of the moment is, T be- {lieve, more prosperous than at any time since the war. This prosperity is not disclosed in any boom. On the contrary, the period of rescue of the franc was a period in which there were hardships, unemployment slowing down of industyies, an arrest in_those trades which B stimulated by inflation.i And in tain directions this arrest continues, although unemployment has almost totally disappeared. This year. France has for the first time a budget which is balanced—the revenue meets the expenditure. In this same year, too up to date, France as exported goods to a greater value than she has imported, while this favorable balance has been fed by very tainly touch $250,000,000. Unemploy- ment, which never touched 100,000, has dropped below 10,000, and this figure is to be set against the million steadily maintained at public_expense in Great Britain and the 1, the worst moment in the still recent German slump. Again, while Germany has borrowed abroad upward of $2,500,000,000 since the restoration of the German mark, France has avoided substantially all foreign loans. While foreign money, largely American, has been flowing into Germany, supplving the L present wave of prosperity, has_benefited by the enormous of French money which fled the coun: try in the Summer of 1926 collapse. Today the public debt of France is around $12,000,000,000, as against £6,000,000,000 before the war. The British debt is now at least three times great. The American, even allow- ing for the part covered by foreign fundings, is larger than the French Actually what has taken place is that by process of inflation three-quarters of the French war borrowings have be>n wiped out. This virtual repudia- tion has imposed enormous hardships. But the surgical operation has been accomplished: the burden today is not beyond the capacity of the French taxpayer. Population Growing. Equally striking has been the fashion in which France has replaced the human losses of the war. In place of the 2,000,000 lives lost in the war there are today nearly as many for- eigners, who have come to France dur- ing_the recent years. The population of France, which had sunk from 3 600,000 in 1911 to 39,200,000 in 1921, despite the addition of Alsace-Lor- raine, with its 1,700,000 inhabitants, remounted to 40,750,000. ot only have Italians, come to the ci and mines of France, but in the south a very con- siderable wave of settlement is going forward in reglons which had for vea been the scene of progre: depopulation. The pre-war sion of the has not merely ceased, but there has grown up an active debate to how the immigrant is to be treated and transformed as speedily as possible into a “hundred per cent” Frenchman, Looking at more immediate circum- stances, France, with half its popula- tion living on farms, has in the pres- ent year enjoyed hetter crop yields than in several vears. Thus, in sum, you have busy factories, mines work: ing to capacity, good harvests. It would. of course, be idle to at- tempt to set up any parallel between American and French conditions. France is not a country of great in- dustry in the American or German sense, and it is not, therefore, a coun- try of great fortunes. It is not rich as Britain has been or America is. First Power to Recover. But France has been the first of the great European powers to recover from the consequences of the war. es To Deliver Power i Steam wells, where earth is tapped for natural heat as it is else- where for natural gas or oil. promis to deliver power in paying quanti- ties and at the same time to vield data of value in the study of the an- cient riddle of geysers, hot springs and fumaroles. The first development in America, at “The Geysers fornia, has been given a scientific examination by Dr. E. T. Allen and Dr. Arthur L. of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and their report has just been made publis The steam well region is in a valley in the Coast Range, n Francisco. There is abundant ev dence that the region saw much v canic activity in the past, and the steam rising through the earth, caus ing fumaroles and hot springs, is prob- ably the product of deeply buried lava that has not yet cooled. The name, “The Geysers,” however, the Wash- ington scientists state, is a misnomer. for there are no active geysers in the valley and no signs that there ever were any. Even the natural steam and hot water escapes are less marked than they are in many other similar regions. Nevertheless, there seems to be abundant steam at high temperatures and pressures when the borings are sunk. Eight wells have been put down so far, to depths of between 200 and 650 feet. ‘These develop steam pressures between 60 and 275 pounds per square inch. Quantitative measurements of the output’ of four of the wells indicate a power equiva- lent to 4,500 kilowatts, or over 1.000 kilowatts per well. Tn spite of the horings, no diminu- tlon of steam flow at the natural L] the of this kind in Cali- thorough Holds Firm and Budget Shows Fi al ad ‘been over- | cer- | large tourist payments, which will cer-| 1000 of | Belgians, | Poles and Spaniards in great numbers | depopulation of France | o | tate more or le [FRENCH PROSPER AGAIN | AS WAR SLUMP PASSES to Normal as Frane st in Years. n have so ad in pro- result for Leen the in- ¢ Great Brit- ahsorption of ne income 1 investments and serv iidation of some of these n toreign d th Tom for ices and 1 outright. It is true at the moment that Ger- man passing through something |like a boom, p in its heavy | industries. 'But this hoom is limited | to the domestic market; with borrow- ed money German industries are be- expanded, all experts are o ahead anxiously to the mo- ment when these loans must cease and caleu how Germany will me the burdens well |as the Dawes requirements. i France seems prosperous. But {t remains true that rance 'es one peril which is hardly to be exags: ated. All that has been so far labori- ously achieved can be upset by poli- ties, And at the moment, every out- | ward = points toward the over- | throw of the present coalition cabi- net, wh under Poincare . saved France and the franc, and the re- turn to that combination of Radicals nd Socialists, in whose hands the franc foundered and nationai bank- ruptey was near new plan Uneasiness Noticed. Prosperity or even continued sol- vency depends, after all, upon the | maintenance of domestic confidence, | There already signs of uneasis | ness which might easily forecast & inew flight from the franc following | a new arrival to power of a Radical | group dominated by Socialist allies, | without whose votes the Radicals | could not hold office. It may be true, as the Radicals and Socialists charge, that their political opponents are de- liberately seeking to promote a mew panic to prevent the Radicals from getting office. But the obvious truth is that business and finance is again becoming nervous and the feeling | of uncertainty may have disagreeable consequences even before the election. ‘Americans will naturally ask wheth- er, in view of the present prosperity |in" France, there is any change in the sentiment with respect to the deb 1 doubt it. The parliament now in session will certainly not undertake to ratify the -Berenger- Mellon acreement and run the risk of punishment at the hands of their stituents. To sgve the franc Poincare had to impose great Lurdens. The franc has been sav but the burdens remain, and the mass of voters who have profited are in revolt against the costs. All the election promises of his opponents | are directed at_establishing the idea that if they win they will shift the burden, that they will penalize the | rich and relieve the poor. They can- not promise to lessen the total sum which must be collected, but they can appeal to class feeling, to demagogic arguments and this, under cover, they | are certainly doing. Better Debt Plan Sought. Moreover, there is nothing to sug- gest that the mass of the peasants have changed their minds about the debt settlement or that the Radicals and Socialists, who have been most open in their opposition, have changed their tune. Payments on account and in conformity with the schedule of the Mellon-Berenger agreement may and probably will be continued. But the mass of Frenchmen are still conviced that it will be possible to negotiate a better settlement. French bitterness against the United States has well nigh disap- | peared. The Legion, Lindbergh, a dozen similar incidents, together with the improvement in French condi- | tions themselves have dissipated the ! ion and bitterness of last year. | American feels agai | through France that he is welcome. | There is absent from the press al- most all of the slightly concealed, but iron and even bitter comment. But this change has not extended to a modification of the view about the debt. France is still reducing her army, the passions of the war time are dis- appearing, life in most respects is becoming more and more normal. Fore eign politics still dominates the Parls press, but the peasant and the work- ingman are apparently less and less occupied with them. As the campaign comes on, the issues become more and more parochial and personal. Even larger problems of national life, such as that of financial stability, are, as I have said, being increasingly ige nored. Domestic taxes rather than na- tional security seem bound to domi- nate the French mind for the next | months. But this condition carries with it the greatest and perhaps the single menace to a prosperity which seems otherwise to have been gener- ally and permanently restored. (Covsright. 1027.) traveling Earth, Tapped for Natural Heat, Expected n Paying Quantities | fumaroles in the valley has | noted. Neither do the wells | diminish each other's activity, al- | though two of them are within 50 feet of each other. In fact, all the | wells have shown an increase in hoth the pressure and temperature of their steam for a certain period after they were first opened. A similar_enterprise on a larger scale has been conducted at Lar. derello. Ttaly, where the commercie! production of power has already beem | realized. The California development | has one advantage over the Italian | W in that the Larderello steam | contains corr acids which necessi- elaborate purifying processes before it can be used, wher as the California wells vield a steart | whose acidity is so low that it can be ;used in its natural state. .. Britains Take Place As Owners of Homes been eem to Britain Is rapidly becoming a na- tion of house owners. Last year, ac- cording to official returns, §250,000,- 000 was advanced on mortgage oy building associations, as compared with $35,000,000 in 1918. This year's figures are expected to show a further increase. During the last four years many more people have come to realize the advantages of ownership. The demand today w > strong as ever, the only difference being that the house of less than $5,000 seems t> | be more in favor than the larger type. In the north of England more people | own their houses than in the south, | probably because the north country- { man is thriftier than the south coun- ! tryman.