Evening Star Newspaper, August 23, 1927, Page 8

8 HE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.. . .August 23, 1927 —e THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor i e et s e s The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: Pel Ivania Ave. TITO” Easy tinast. Chicago _Office: Tower Build European Office: 14 Regent St.. England. The Evening Star with the Sunday morm ng edition is delivered by carriers within the city at 60 cents per month: daily only. 45 cents per month: Sundays only. Ter month. . Orders may he sent by mail or | Inlephone Main 5000. Collection s made by | carrier at end of each month. | Loadon. | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, —_—————————— in the general direction of Japan. And when he is lost, it devolves upon the Government to find him. The public has a certain right in the matter which should be recognized by appropriate legislation. Failure in attempts similar to the Dole race means expenditures of the public funds, which for humane reasons can- not, nor should they, be withheld. The Government now holds the power to license pilots and to require their planes to meet certain standards. There §s no reason why this power should not extend to granting or with- holding licenses for engaging in speci- fled types of aeronautical ventures. it may be argued that such power would have prevented any flight to Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 3 d St veen .. $0.00: 1 mo.. Daly and Sunday....1er. $0.00: 1 m Daily_only, E Sundar only. . $3.00: 1 mo.: 750 S0c | 25¢ | All Other States and Canada. | 15r. §12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 Paily fnd, Sundar-d 3 54800 1 moz *'g3e | Sunday onl: 1yr. $400:1mol 33¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press 1s exclusively entitled | 10 the vse for republication o all news Gie- | patehes oredited to it or not otherwise cred- | Hed in’ this paper and also the local news yublished herein. All iights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reseryed. i Radicalism Fails. All appeals for further respite fail-| ing, all legal remedies exhausted, the doors to the United States Suprrme‘; Court closed, Sacco and Vanzetti went | 10 their death at the hands of the law | in Boston last night, in execution of | sentence for murder. They died pro-| testing innocence, one of them voicing | the cry of anarchy. Thus, so far as| the men themselves are concerned, | ends a case that has for seven years aroused international attention and | has climaxed in a remarkable series of | agitations and demonstrations in this country, It has been persistently asserted in hehalf of these men that if they had not been radicals, holding to the prin- ciples of anarchism, they would never Jiave been accused of the crime. On | the other hand, it they had not been | i | i | radicals their arrest and trial would not have aroused the interest of the groups affiliated with the proletariat | organizations and infected with the doctrines of violent antagonism to-| ward government. Sacco and Vanzetti have been made martyrs to a cause by those who wish to see the institutions of society changed radically. The clamors of their partisans have clouded the ques- tion of their guilt and have caused a misunderstanding among many per- mons as to the nature of their trial dnd the righteousness of their convic- tion and sentence. A perusal of the record of this case demonstrates that if ever accused per- sons were given a chance to establish their innocence Sacco and Vanzett: had that chance. They were granted the fullest possible opportunity to test the technical procedure, to take ad- vantage of the law's delays. Though poor men, they had the backing of an enormous defense fund. Collections from societies and individuals in large «nd small amounts, reaching into six figures, permitted the employment of the ablest counsel and the organiza-; tion of a paid defense association seek- ing evidence and hiring experts. Had these men not been anarchists they would long ago have been exe- cuted in accordance with the verdict of the trial jury, the sentence of death and the rulings of appellate courts, unless, indeed, executive clemency had been granted to them in condonement of their crime. But the fury of their yartisans, the challenge thrown out by them to the law, made such clemency impossible, The case reached the point at which it went beyond the is- sue of the lives of these two men. Or- derly procedure of law in America was at stake. The integrity of the courts ‘was impugned, the honesty of jurists and executives was impeached, with- out warrant or evidence of truth. One of the gravest misfortunes of this lamentable affair has been the in- volvement of many persons who should have been supporters of gov- ernment, but who have been swept by their emotions into partisanship for thess unfortunate men. They have by their indorsement of petitions and| their participation in demonstrations given encouragement to the radical elements that are seeking the over- throw of our institutions of govern- ment. It has been impossible to dif- ferentiate these two classes thus Joined in manifestation of dissent. Deliberate and far-flung propaganda | adverse to the United States has been | conducted in foreign lands on th2 score of the alleged denial of justice here. It may have done some harm. It may lead to further troubles. There may be disorders here at home, that will surely be quelled by the applica- tion of such force as may be neces- sary. But in the long run the judg- ment of the American people, already in the majority approving the course of events, will justify the refusal of the authorities of the State of Mussa- chusetts to yield to the clamor and pressure and threats of the mob. r———— The phrase “‘mid-Victorian” carries a supercilious significance. Yet the old days when women concealed their knees and men sought rhetorical graces were not so bad. r—————— New York journalism has been sur- prised by the loud detonation that re-| sults from the simple matter of firing | & “columnist.”, Aviation Stunts Must Be Checked. | The tragic consequences of the Dole | race to Hawail have led to suggestions that a legislative curb be placed upon | daring aviators who are willing to risk | their lives in schemes which can end | only in spectacular success or spectac- | ular failure, when nothing but praise or sympathy for the individual is zained in either case. While there are difficulties in the way of such leg- islation, the necessity should over- come them. In the case of the Hawali flights, the Federal Government has become involved to the extent of many thousands of dollars spent in the humane and gallant attempts of the | Navy to find and to rescue the lost fiyers. It is going too far to suppose tnat the rights of the individual to do | wnat he pleases can prevail in the | situation which now exists. As it is, | any pilot skilled enough to secure a license may hop off tomorrow from !conclude that it is fortunate that Mr. ' juyg, Lan Francisco in a wild flight aimed Healy was caught in Baltimore and ment than an offense. !volved In its acquiescence. | assure success. Iurope or any flight to Hawaii, for in ach case the Government might have feared to risk the responsibility in- But the Government could at least require standards in planes and pilots and plans which, 1f met, would go far to Failure under such conditions would be due to “an act of God,” for which there can be no human responsibility. Few achievements of science have resulted without risk. If sclence is to advance, there must always be risks and courageous spirits to take them. But the advancement of sci- ence and the advancement of personal aims and ambitions are two different and distinct things. Legislation would recognize the difference, and such legislation is sorely needed today. ———————— Street Railway Merger. Chairman Childress of the Public | Utilities Commission states that unless a move is made by the traction com- panies toward a voluntary merger of | the two corporations in the mear fu- ure the bill that lapsed with the ad- | journment of the last Congress will be reintroduced at the next session look- | ing to compulsory amalgamation. He says that public sentiment is strongly in favor of a merger. This is unques- tionable. The feeling of the District people is that the now competing but in terms of financial foundation widely divergent companies should be brought under single ownership and operation, and there is furthermore a decided feeling of impatience with the tardi- ness of the moves to that end. As The Star has repeatedly set forth, it is far more desirable that merger be accomplished by the volun- tary action of the companies than by the compulsion of legislation. A vol- untary merger, upon terms that are equitable to both stockholders and the public, would withstand the scrutiny of the courts and of Congress. But a compulsory merger would be apt to lead to litigation, indefinitely delaying the benefits of amalgamation. However, unless the corporations canvagree upon terms that are accept- able to the public through the utilities commission, it will be necessary to proceed to the point of obligatory union of the two properties and serv- ices. The present situation is un- wholesome. A decided difference ex- ists in the capital requirements of the two companies. One of them is able to maintain itself with profit upon the existing rate of fare. The other con- tends that it cannot afford to main- tain the established standards of effi- ciency of two-man service without a readjustment of fares. The public feels that a sword of higher fares Is forever hanging over its head. Traction conditions are undeniably unstable at present. A material change is taking place in the matter of transportation. The more flexible unit, the bus, has come into favor, and it is believed to be assured that addi- tional tracks will not be permitted in the extension of the present car serv- ice. The future is therefore somewhat uncertain. This is the right time for a merging of the two interests and the establishment of a definite finan- cial foundation upon which fare regu- lation can be based. e, An Unbappy Ostrich. The digestion of an ostrich may be overtaxed. This ought to be news to many persons, for there is a belief that an ostrich can eat anything and get away with it. It is reported from the London Zoo that Ida, an ostrich famous in those parts, died because she swallowed one nail too many. How many the bird took in is not given, but it is thought that had she been content with a pound or so of ten-penny nails, as breakfast food or dessert, all would be well with her. But, as may happen to birds or men, she misjudged her capacity and took too much. At the autopsy it was seen that Ida had been a promiscuous liver. She ignored many of the diet rules laid down by physicians for people ith weak stomachs. In her insides were found four handkerchiefs, three gloves, three feet of cord, an empty film spool, a four-inch nail, an eight- inch nail, a four-inch lead pencil, four halfpennies, two farthings and a French coin, part of a celluloid comb, part of a rolled gold necklace, a collar button, a bicycle tire valve, a brass key for an alarm clock, a dozen short bits of wire, a few metal staples, some { screws, small nails and copper rivets, | a glove fastener and a piece of wood four inches long. There are men who | make collections like this, but they do | not eat them. Ida had a fine appetite, but she took one too many. et Aviation tragedies tend to replace the problem of the high cost of living | with that of the high cost of dying. ——— Boston was once called “the hub of the universe.” 1t is just now “the Lub-bub.’ D A Cure-All for Crime. Last Monday night James J. Healy of Baltimore held up and robbed the manager of a moving picture theater in that city. Thursday morning he was brought before Judge Albert S. J. Owens in the Baltimore Criminal Court, where he pleaded gulity. “You are an undesirable citizen in Balti- more,” said Judge Owens, “and T sen- tence you to twenty years in the Mary- land Penitenitary.” At 4:30 o'clock the same afternoon the sfeel doors of !a cell clanged behind Mr. Healy. One night last January the same Mr. Mealy held up and robbed the manager of the Ambassador Theater in Washington. He escaped. It is no unfair reflection upon our courts to A not {n Washington. Justice was sure and swift in Baltimore. A recent report from the district at- torney told of some 4,000 criminal cases that were nolle prossed to clear the local dockets. There may have been excusable reasons for thus clear- ing the docket. Some of the cases were old and musty. Witnesses were clther dead, had moved away or were decrepit with old age. There is not so much to complain of in clearing the dockets as there is in having al- lowed the congestion to accumulate. Justice, swift and certain, is the most adequate cure for the so-called crime waves. Justice delayed by lengthy processes of securing indict- ment, demands for jury trials, delays, continuances, appeals, new trials and all the legal paraphernalia that can be mustered to jam its wheels ceases to be justice and becomes an endless wrangle between attorneys, The merits of swift punishment lie in its action as a deterrent to wrongdoing as well as its infliction of penalty upon the wrongdoer. Judge Owens in Balti more should be applauded for setting an example which furnishes the simplest yet the most eflicient cure-all for crime waves, Mayor Jimmie Abroad. Mayor Jimmie Walker of Greater New York is abroad on a vacation trip. He is having the time of his life. En- tertained lavishly, beset with assidu- ous attentions, given the freedom of cities, regaled with banquets, he is en- joying himself to the full. His blithe spirits are winning friends for him and his witticisms are causing many a laugh, But Mayor Jimmie has not escaped criticism. 1le has the habit of tardl- ness which has already been noted in his own home town and has caused him some difficulties. He simply can- not keep engagements on time. While he was in Ireland, where he was the center of interest for many thousands, and the guest of thp most notable per- sonages of the island, he constantly threw arrangements for his entertain- ment into confusion by his indiffer- ence to schedule. One of the Belfast newspapers comments upon this trait of the guest, refers to him as “New York's slow-motion mayor.” It notes that he distinguished himself in Ire. land by being late to every appoint- ment, and it suggests a parody on Mayor Walker's famous song, to be entitled “I'll meet you in December if you arrange for May.” Mayor Jimmie will have to readjust himself for his further travels if he is to escape trouble. For the Euro- peans are punctilious about time. It is especially important that he should try to keep his dates promptly if only to maintain the American reputation for speed. No matter how clever and agreeable he may be, he will lose prestige if he keeps his hosts waiting for him, and on his return to New York he will have some explaining to do that may cause him embarrassment in his future political career. Indif- ference to the clock is apt to prove a handicap in pursuit of public office. —— e Although he has obligingly con- sented to don a “‘war bonnet” for the benefit of photographers, President Coolidge remains a man of political peace, willing to let contestants for the nomination fight it out among them- selves. —————————— Anarchists invariably dispute among themselves. They might make some little impression on affairs if they were capable of a ‘gentlemen’s agree. ment.” ——r————— A flyer appears as the hero of the hour. TUnfortunately Prof. Langley could not live long enough to have the Washington reporters lined up be- fore him in apologetic obeisance. SHOOTING STARS BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Unheeded Advice. “Of course, I feel quite competent,” sSaid Hezekiah Bings, “To regulate all discontent Concerning earthly things. But when my best advice I give And have my little say, I find that people want to live Their own accustomed way. “So, T must let this old world turn Upon its course in space, ‘While lessons new we seek to learn To help the human race. They will not wait on my consent For what the future brings— Although I feel quite competent”— Said Hezekiah Bings. Soap Box Oratory. “Were you ever a soap box orator?” “Only once,” answered Senator Sorghum. “It was in my youthful days of oratory. I found that the audience objected seriously to the word ‘SOAP’ on my pedestal.” By No Means Off the Map. Old locomotive, comin’ down an’ goin’ back! Better round your cattle up an’ keap ‘em off the track. Motor folks an' flyer have a pull that is immense, But the old locomotive still retains its influence. Jud Tunkins says he reckons that song 'bout the ““good old Summer time” must have been worked up some time along in Midwinter. Oversight. “Did you go to Paris for a divarce?” “Yes,” answered the busy wife. “But I had so many clothes to attend to that I forgot about it."” *“Great riches,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, *‘mean power, some of which is too often delegated to an impudent office boy. New Sense of Humor. The sense of humor we have thought Lald high upon the shelf. 1t is not lost, since we are taught To laugh at Death himself. “Old Satan,” said Uncle Eben, cncouraged to hold out so many threats to sinners dat de fust thing you knows he's gineter pose as a re- former."” — v Hardly a Crime. From the San Antonio News. Kansas City Southern Railroad has been fined for borrowing a million dol- Seems more like an achieve- THIS D. €. TUESDAY. AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. A glimpse into the innate frugality of mankind in the formation of his words was given us the other day as we set down, In an idle moment, the words that have been formed from the five vowels, followed by the let- ter “t,” and preceded by the letters of the alphabet. It is as if early men of our race, striking a sounding word, such as “bat,” deliberately tried out the other letters in front of “at” to see how they sounded, and then, liking them right well, décreed each to designate some thing, action or whatnot. Out of “at,” for instance, we get so varied a list as the following: Bat, a wooden implement used in a game, or a winged creature; cat, the animal; fat, an adjeotive implying adipose tis- sue, or, as a noun, such tissue; “gat,” a modern slang term for automatic pistol; hat, an article of fabric, straw, etc., worn on the head; mat, an article to wipe shoes on; Nat, popular nick- name: Pat, another one, also a stroke of affection, or just light stroke of the hand; rat, a rodent, and a bad one, at that; sat, past for sit; tat, used in the old popular expression ‘“tit for tat," also as a verb to imply a certain sort of fancy work; vat, a large tank. Just how so many different articles can be indicated by the simple chan, of the firat third of a three-letter wo! is something beyond explanation ex- cept in the large genius of the Eng- lish language. * ok % % Take “et,” and we get (there is onc already): Bet, to place a wager; get, to have; “'het,” used today in the popular slang expression, “all het up over something”; jet, a stream, as of steam or something very black, as the rare stone; let, to allow, or to rent; met, past of meet; net, fabric used to catch fishes, or knock a tennis ball over, or to use in a dress; pet, a household animal, or to stroke id animal, hence to touch as in love making; wet, quality of being covered with water. From “it” there is derived: BIt, ecither metal object to put in horse's mouth or past of the verb bite; fit, either a nervous paroxysm or indicat- ing that one is entirely in good health, thus touching the extremes with one word; “git,” poor grammar for “get,” but quite often used, even by thos who know better; hit, to slap, or such a slap at something, or a great success, as in the use of a “song hit"" 1it, indicating a lamp “doing its stuff, or a gentleman under the influence of intoxicating liquor, og liquors; mit, used in the popular jargon with “me’ nit, used together with “wit” to desig- nate a person whose I. Q. is very low, also the eggs of Pediculus; bit, a hole in the ground, or with the expression “one's _strength,” as to pit one’s strength against that of another; sit, present of sat; wit, native humor. * K kK Using the termination “ot,”” there may be formed: Cot, a small house, or uncomfortable place to sleep (usually at the sea- shore): dot, small mark; got, past of to have; hot, antithesis of cold; lot, a piece of realty, or popularly used to indicate much: not, the popular and well known negation; pot, iron utensil used in cooking; rot, meaning decay, or, in the figurative sense, mental matter that does not meet the approval; tot, popular designation for small child. Placing the last vowel before the letter “t,"” and the possible letters in front, we derive: But, the verbal objectlon; cut; a wound, or act of cutting; gut, plain word for intestines; hut, small cot- tage; nut, what the squirrels like, and also what one calls some one else with whom he does not agree; put, to place; tut, popular exclamation, also slang name for ancient Egyptian ruler. * ok ok ok Tanguage is, in other words, just organized sound. The cries of the animals might be “talk” just as well, if the creatures had the abllity to comprehend abstractions. Organization, therefore, and rules— these are the two requisites for the formation of a language. Sounds must be organized so as to mean something, and the meaning must be the same. Talking, writing and reading com- prised a three-sided game in which the ‘“rules,” or grammar, must be ob- served, in the main, if the game is to mean anything except a scramble. This is the one argument for as much purity of speech and diction as is possible, without bending over backward. Bending over backward is no more pleasant in this than in other matters. The so-called purist, while he has his uses, is something of a nuisance, at best. There can be no gainsaying, how- ever, that the closer we stick to the real meanings of our words, and the more we eschew slang, the better our speaking and writing will be, every- thing else being equal, which may or may not mean anything. * ok ok K Each one of the great languages has its own set of rules and pronuncia- tions, all or some of which strike or strikes the peoples of other races as unnecessary when not absurd. But each language, to those who speak it, vight, because custom has de- creed it. Custom s the great language maker. If children grew up on a deserted island and had no one to teach them | to talk, in all probability they would develop a language of their own, which would serve their purposes. One might point to what we call a “‘coconut” and say “Awk.” And the “Awk!” would mean coconut to him. This is all there Is to language. Simple, {sn’t it? All the glamour, the meaning—the hidden meaning, if you will—of words, is nothing but time. and custom, and what is and what is not, combined by men through organi- zation and rules into a great result. ‘This result, which we call language, gives us reading and writing—gives books, newspapers, magazines— gives us a range of action and think- ing !that were utterly impossible with- out it. There are more than 400,000 words in the English language now, and of this number the average person uses only a few thousands. They suffice. The remainder await our usage, hoping that we will call them into| life from the musty covers of the dictionaries. Surely we ought to re- spond, now and then, and help a good word out. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS * BY PAUL V. COLLINS. Tomorrow. in a Massachusetts court will be tried a case of unusual char- acter, for the plaintiff is the gov- ernment of Greece, seeking to recover from a Greek now in America. a certain lot of ancient relics alleged to have been smuggled out of that classic land, contrary to the law strictly forbidding such acts. It is unusual to find a foreign gov- ernment appealing to an American court for protection, but it is not with- out precedent. It is not the first time, either, that the Greeks have sought to keep their works of art within their own possession. Daedalus, the first sculptor to make statues so lifelike that their arms were carved as in “action,” clear of the body, and the feet as in motion, made his figures so likelike that his cotemporaries feared they would come to life and walk away, so they were all chained fast. In recent ages the ‘‘chains” with which. not only Greece but prac- tically all other European countries undertake to hold their classic art consist of strict laws against deporting any anclent art or relics without government license. The relics involved in this litigation include many golden ornaments and medals, probably bestowed upon an ancient athlete and buried with him when he died. The present possessor or claimant, Aristides Koukouras, has not explained how he got possession, but it has been suggested that he probably dug them up while cul- tivating land, and, instead of turning them over to the government as the law requires (the finder to receive a moderate regard), he has brought them to America and offered them for sale for $100,000. Now the Greek gov- ernment has gotten an injuction in a Boston court forbidding any such sale, and the relics are held in court pending settlement of the case. It is suggested at the Greek lega- tion that there appears no evidence that the American import duty has been paid on the relics, and as the rate is 100 per cent of the market value (unless the art is for a public exhibition), it appears that Koukouras has not a very large claim on the property, however the injunction turns out, for either the government of Greece or the Government of the United States holds a prior claim of 100 per cent. * k% The case is before the Massa- chusetts Chancery Court. under a law in the code of the Commonwealth which provides (act of 1926) that the courts “shall take judiclal notice of the law of the United States, or any State, territory or dependency thereof, or of a foreign country, whenever the same shall be material.” So that Massachusetts law makes one of the very first laws adopted by the Greek Natlonal Assembly, at its session in the ancient open-air theater at Argos, while the Greeks, a century ago, were struggling for their in- dependence from Turkey—makes that law a part of the code of the State of Daniel Webster, Calvin Coolidge and the Sacred Cod. Greece had been subjugated by the Turks in 1460, and remained under Turkish rule until the revolt, which began in 1821, and was saved from defeat by the intervention of the powers in 1827-1830. During this Turkish rule permis- sion was given to Lord Elgin of Great Britain to take *a few blocks of stone with inscriptions and figures” and carry them off to England. He put his own construction on this license and was able to depart with several priceless sculptures of Phidlas, which are today in the British Museum. * ok ok % were of Turkish origin and Turkey had not been the legal government of the territory in which they were found. at the period of the excava- tions. If the same reasoning were applied to the case of Lord Elgin and his precious Phidias statues, etc., taken from Greek territory while it was under Turkish domination, why should not Greece now recover from the British Museum that invaluable collection? Does the century of pos- session outlaw Greek rights? Or if the rule applied to all Europe, what a shifting back there would be of all art treasures taken by Napoleon from Italy, Germany, Austria and other conquered lands! The Louvre would even lose that most famous Venus de Milo, the noblest statue of the Goddess of Love in existence. It was found on the island of Melos, in 1820—a few years before the Greeks regained their inde- vendence from Turkey. The finders did not comprehend its superlative value, and in order to impress the market with its great antiquity they Dpurposely broke its base. Then they scld it to the French Ambassador to Constantinople, who forwarded it as a_present to his King, Louls XVIIL. No money could ‘purchase it from France, but it was found in Greece, hence Greece might claim it—in vain. * ok ok ok In 1917 Greece heard that one Thalia éx'aidje had brought to the United States a classic marble head of Hygieia, Goddess of Health, and Secretary of State Lansing received a diplomatic request for its capture and return to Greece. He undertook to co-operate and comply with the re- Quest, on the ground that, under the Greek laws, the statue belonged to the Greek government. It was found at the Metropolitan Museum, but ex- perts pronounced it not genuine and of little value, so the Greek govern- ment requested the museum to retain It as a loan. It is there yet, but our Government established its precedent in recognizing our duty to refuse to be a “‘fence” for smuggled classics. When the Paramount Theater was bullt in New York, a few years ago, the builders undertook to get stones from every country in the world to build into the walls. Such a request wae made of Greece, and a stone was received with an accompanying letter of apology because the stone sent did not show the slightest mark- ing to indicate that it was an antique. It was explained that the laws for. bade sendiny any such a stone, bear- ing ancient inscriptions out of the country. Yet within Greece the na- tives have used anclent stones bear- ing important inscriptions, In the building of their homes and outbuild- ings, or as fence posts. The Govern- ment consoled the New York Para- mount Theater with a statement that the stone sent it had been taken from the early theater standing next to the Acropolis, though there was no inscription on' it to prove that. * Mk % After all, what a homecoming there would be if all the antique art could be gathered in its original birthplace! For many years in Dres- den there stood a headless statue of marble; its torso suggested a possible replica, on a reduced scale, of the stately statue of Athena erected by Phidias upon the Acropolis in honor of the Lemnians. But she was head- less, and it takes a cultured knowl- edge of art to appreciate “les mu- tiles.” Down in Bologna there was a marble head—evidently a fine bit of antique sculpture. Some one took a plaster cast of its broken neck, and, lo, it fitted every niche in the broken neck up in Dresden. Now head and body are joined together and “let no While Greece held possession of |man put asunder,” for that is an- Asia Minor, under the terms of the Versallles treaty at the close of the World War, they gave to an American expedition a right to excavate for relics near Sardis. The Americans, acting under the permission of the de facto Greek government, found many valuable coins and other relics, and sent them all to the Metropolitan Museum in New York. Later the Turks drove the Greeks out of the country, and then demanded the re- turn of all the relics, and the Metro- politan Museum sent all back to Turkey, in spite of the fact that none other lost Phidias! Not even a Michelangelo has ever surpassed the ancient Greek art of the first to the fifth centuries, B. C. The Venug de Milo is considered by many eritics the noblest marble in existence. yet it is not a Phidias, nor even of the height of Grecian art glory, but a product of Grecian dacadence—about 100, B. C. Never equaled by Rome in all its glory! No wonder Greece is jealously safeguard- ing the proofs of her artistic su remacy. : (Copyright, 1927, by Paul V. Collins.) AUGUST 23, 1927. PHILOSOPHIES BY GLENN FRANK The Record of Philadelphia com- ments editorially upon my recent dis- cussion of the spirit that animated the men who built the cathedral at Chartres—a restful and radiant house of prayer in which the moving spirit of worship has been caught in the motionless lines of stone and glass. 1 suggested, respecting these men, geveral things, viz.: That the poison of hurry had not marred their work. That they were artists working for God, rather than artisans working for a contractor. That their work meant to them an act of worship rather than the achievement of wages. The Record rightly assumes that 1 think this spirit is passing from the world of work, and makes the inter- esting suggestion that, if I think the days of artist-craftsmen have passed, 1 should visit the tapestry ‘‘factory in Madrid, where priceless hangings |are woven as poets weave sonnets from the strands of their imagation and_insight. “The tapestry loom,”” says the Record, “with his back to the oil painting which his deft fingers, guided by an almost incom- prehensible genius, are to reproduce in fabric of a thousand delicate shades. He is draftsman, artist and artisan rolled into one. With an oc- caslonal glance at his subject, and with the patternless side of his ma- terial before his eyes—the results of his work being visible only in a small mirror dimly seen through the close strands of his warp—he fashions swiftly, with loving hands guiding the flashing shutt a creation often more beautiful than the painting which is less his model than his text. “The tapestry weaver is old. He has been at his loom for 40 years. He began at the age of 13. You s that 53 years is not age; but look at his ey He has given them to his work. They will not last much longer. His wage is a little less than $2 a day “Truly here is a man who ‘work: not so much for hire as for holiness’ one ‘singularly unworried by the wage problem.” The race of men who built Chartres is not extinct; their strain ‘is in the tapestry weavers of Madrid.” I am grateful to the Record for this exquisite and understanding portrait of the tapestry weaver. I agree that the race of men who built Chartres is not an extinct race; 1 suggest only that in industrial America they are a vanishing race, like the Indian. The modern workman must not be content with the starvation wage of the cathedral builders or let the piety of his craftsman spirit make him the plaything of his employer, but I do suggest that it is the business of in- dustrial statesmanship to try to create conditions that stimulate rather than slay the spirit of the men who built the cathedral at Chartres and weave the tapestries at Madrid. In the midst of our smokestacks, we shall probably never wholly achleve it; we must try to approxi- mate it if the genius of quality is to .keep pace with the giant of quantity. (Copyrixht. 1927.) . One-Man Car Protest Is Strongly Indorsed To the Editor of The Star: The briet submitted by William McK. Clayton before the District Pub- lic Utilities Commission, in which he “challenged the right of the commis- sion, under the law which created it, to permit the street car companies to operate one-man cars in the District without charging less fare than on cars manned by two trainmen,” is to be highly commended, both as to the true ‘meaning of the law and the timely action taken as chairman of the public utilities committee of the Federation of Citizens' Association, which association is composed of dele- gates representing 'these various citi- zens' assocfations in the District, a large majority having gone on record opposing the operation of one-man cars by street railway companies. Mr. Clayton's four points, briefly, are: The large population of Wash- ington entitles it to metropolitan serv- ice; that to give parts of the District two-man service and the other one- man service, “admittedly inferior,” all for the same fare, was discrimination and was forbidden by act of Congress; that the ‘“‘economy plea” in extenua- tion was not permissible until first a merger had been brought about with which to effect major economies, and that the companies’ “threat” of higher car fares, if not permitted more one- man cars, should not be considered, because under the law the commission must consider service and rates of fare separately. These four important points are hereby recommended to all citizens’ assoclations for reference in public utility questions arising in the future, The leading question is, “Are the people of Washington entitled to ade- quate service as separate and distinct from the rate?” We should say “Yes.” Why? Because Washington is the seat of Government, and those employed in the governmental service should receive due consideration. E: pediency should be taken into consid- eration. Government clerks must use street cars in going to and from their places of employment, and they must be on time in the morning hours espe- cially. Salaries also must be taken into consideration as to the increase in car fares. The one-man cars will not give service of expediency, the two-man cars giving much more ex- pedient service, as is well known. The handling of people is a great question to be considered. Safety and expediency are two most important features that should be taken into con- sideration. Some time back the Public Utilities Commission had hefore it for consid- eration the operation of more one-man cars by the street raillway companies, and after due and careful deliberation, including the viewing of the operation of one-man cars with rear exits, re- fused to grant the request. Why at this time a change of attitude? It is unfair.to operate the one-man cars on lines of the several sections of the city where they are undesirable. The commission is aware that citi- zens' associations by a large majority are on record opposing the operation of the one-man cars. We are with Mr. Clayton when he says: “If the street car companies cannot afford to give us two-man cars, it is not for them to demand that the commission permit one-man cars as an economy, but it is their place to come in here and ask for higher rate of fare, so that we can meet that issue squarely and as a separate ques- tion."” J. CLINTON HIATT, Secretary Washington Public Safety Association. ——— The Old National Team’s Triumph in Chicago To the Editor of The Star: In the magazine section of the Sun- day Star of August 14 is an interesting article by Mr. Thomas R. Henry rela- tive to the tour of thefold Nationals in July, 1867. There is one error in his narrative, however, if I am not mis- taken. He says: “Then the Washing- ton players jumped to Chicago, where they met their first defeat at the hands of the Forest City team of Cleveland by the close score of 29 to’23.” If Mr. Henry will consult the files of the Chicago papers of July 26 and 27, 1867, he will find some mighty in- teresting reading, On the 26th every paper in Chieago ridiculed the Na- tionals, saying they could not play ball. One of them said in substance that when the Nationals should have resided in Chicago several months, inhaling the invigorating air of the prairies and drinking the pure water of Lake Michigan as they took lessons in the game from the Chicago Excel- weaver sits at his | Q. How much did it cost to take the Army and Navy boys to Chicago for the Army-Navy game?—G. T. D. A. The transportation of the cadets to and from Annapolis and West Point, the payment of their Pullman fares, meals on trains, hotel accom- modations in Chicago and, in fact, every expense from the time the ca- dets left their respective academies until their return averaged in the neighborhood of $100 per cadet, or, roughly, $310,000. In addition, $30,000 was spent on special entertainment. Q. Why should milk be kept con- stantly in a refrigerator?—F. G. A. Because when milk is at A tem- perature over 45 degrees the bacteria multiply with incredible speed. Q. How many bind deaf-mutes are there in the United State: M. A A. In 1920 there were in the United States 169 persons who were blind as well as deaf and mute. There were 20 in New York State, 16 in Wiscon- | 13 in Ohio and 11 in Missouri. | The others were distributed among the remaining States in numbers ranging from 1 to 9. | sin, Q. Where is Penn's Cave?—D, 8. A. It is in the central part of Penn- tylvania. It contains a remarkable ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ). HASKIN. power house. The energy is being sold to the Alabama Power Company under a temporary agreement at price varying from 2 mills per kilowatt hour up.” Q. Can a rainbow be seen at night? —A. E. K A. A rainbow at night is an un- usual “phenomenon, but not what should be called a rare phenomenon. It only requires a shower with bright moonlight on it when the moon is not too high in the heavens. Q. How long is the Niagara River? The length of the Niagara River | from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario is 32 miles. Q. What is meant whe: n Indian | is classed as non-competent 7—M. S, F | A. Non-competent is the term ap {pliel to an Indian whose property cannot be disposed of without the consent or approval of the Secretary {of the Interior The term does not | mean mental incompetency | Q. What is pi onotary ?-—M. | _A. A prothonotary is a register | chief clerk of a court. In some States a prothonotary acts as probate officer. Q. What is the Talmud?—c. P. subterranean lake. Q. What Is meant by a ship's hus- band?—L. D. A. He is a person appointed by the all matters connected with the employ- ment thereof, such as repairs and af- freightment. ' He is the general agent and usually, though not necessarily, a part owner. Q. “an G. ‘Who was the first woman in la to be put to death legally?— A. M. A. The first woman to be put to death legally ih Canada in the last 22 years old. who was hanged at complicity in the murder of a police officer. Q. What kind of a musical instru- ment was a psaltery?—S. P. A. It was a_stringed instrument shaped like the Greek letter delta. It was used by the ancient Hebrews. In medieval times a psaltery had from 13 It was played by plucking the strings with or without a plectrum. Q. In how many communities are “h’(-l‘.‘ltp; homes” campaigns conducted? A. In 1926 such campaigns were organized in 2.965 communities. In many places the work consisted of mass meetings, with addresses by qualified experts; club meetings, with discussions of housing betterment and improvement of home life. special | project work In schools and like ac- | tivities. There were 330 demonstra- tion houses reported upon, with a median cost of $4,482. Q. Can a snake be thawed out that has been frozen, and have it come back to life>—J. T. H. A. The Biological Survey says that it is possible for a snake that has been frozen to come to life again. Snakes, however, that thaw quickly do not rvive, but if the thawing process slow they again become quite active. Q. For what is the electric power ;! Muscle Shodls being used”—R. A. The Federal Power Commission says: “The hydroelectric plant at Muscle Shoals is being used for the development of electrical energy: last year about 2,000,000 kilowatt hours were developed from the 260,000 horsepower already installed in tha owners of a ship to manage on shore | of the owners in relation to the ship, | years was Mrs. Florence Lassan- | Zdmonton, Alberta, May 2, 1923, for | to 36 strings and a sounding board. | | Al Talmud is the name given to the | compilation of the laws and regula- | tions pertaining to rabbinical Judaism, with a discussion and history of these | laws. It is divided into two parts, the laws themselves, known as thn Mishna, and a discussion and elabora- tion of the laws, known as the Gemara. is Gershwin's A called a rhapsody?—F. | " A. Henry Osgood in So This Is Jazz | says* rershwin purposely ch the | title ‘Rhapsody’ to leave himself un- hampered hy e rules of musical form, a rhapsody cing. musically speaking. a free-forall eatchas-cate can affair. It is interesting to note | that, notwithstanding this, he fell into | a regular form, for the composition. | though played without pause, has the | regulation “three movements of the | concerto for solo. instrument. and | orchestra—the moderately paced open- ing allegro, a slow section, and a brisk tinale. Q. Why is the game of jackstraws thus named’—C. B A. 1t is believed that the English | name was originally jerkstraws. the appropriateness of which is obvious. Q. Is it true that in England people say e you there?” instead of “Hello” over the telephone’—L. B. A. The Engl salutations are “Ye: “Speaking.” “Are you there?” What are the 10 or 12" friend- ship treaties that Italy has made since 1922?—B. G. A. In 1923 Italy concluded com- mercial treaties with Spain, Albania, the Baltic States, Russia, Switzerland, Austria, Canada, and Czechoslovakia. Ttaly participated in the treaty be- tween France, Italy and Hunga March 14, 1924. She also made treaty with Egypt, December 6, 1925, and with Albania, Q. When do the c -T. 1L A. The Washington schools open September 19. November 27, 1926, schools open? The resources of our free Informa- tion Bureau are at your service. You are invited to call upon it as often as you_please. It is being maintained by The Evening Star solely to serve | vou. What question can we answer for you? There is no charge at all, except 2 cents in stamps for return postage. Address your letter to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washe ington, D. C. Observers in the United States are almost unanimous in the belief that the Incas, aborigines who have sought concessions from the Bolivian govern- ment by the method of revolution, are unlikely to succeed in gaining better conditions for themselves. The ques- tion of whether communistic influence is playing a part in the affair is one on which opinions differ. Many editors recall the anclent glory of the Incas and regret that their own civilization should have crumbled. “In Bolivia, as in the United States, the Indians fight a losing fight,” says the Oklahoma City Times, which re- marks that “the white settler's lot is uncertain, in a land where Indians comprise 70 per cent of the popula- tion, but more white men will com The Wichita Beacon recalls the civi- lization of the ancient Incas at the time of the Spanish invasion as ‘“‘com- parable to.that of the Europeans,” but explains that “they were peace-loving, intelligent and trusting: it was this trust in human nature which proved their undoing.” Referring to the use of clubs and sling-shots by the Incas, the Prov- idence Bulletin observes: “It is a pic- turesque and futile battle which the Indians are waging against the well equipped Bolivian troops. It is a kind of dying protest of a once mighty race which apparently, in its emphasis upon culture, neglected the art of self- defense. For Manco Capac, the tradi- tional founder of the Inca monarchy, though he encouraged architecture and music_and saw his people attain amazing efficiency in surgery and agri- culture, showed them no way to com- bat armed invasion.” * ok Kk It is pointed out further. by the Cleveland Plain Dealer, that “in Bolivia the winning of independence from the Spanish yoke meant the es- tablishment of independence for the whites and for the Bolivians of mixed descent, but not for the Indians. The present uprising,” continues the Plain Dealer, “is picturesquely imposing, and it is very tragic. The ‘rebels’ de- mand juster land laws that will give them a chance to rise above their present condition of lamentable serf- dom. Machine guns and rifles will, un- doubtedly, drive them back into sub- mission. It is but one more proof that ‘freedom’ is not an absolute term and that there are all kinds of re- publics under the sun.” “There is a tradition of a great past behind them,” the Buffalo Evening """ siors, they would know how to play ball. The Forest City club was in Rockford, Ill., where A. G. Spalding, then a youngster and afterward a noted pitcher, defeated the Nationals The Chicago club had defeated them in every contest, hence the bragging. But what a change in_their chatter the next day after the Nationals beat the Excelsiors, 49 to 4, Williams pitch- ing and Parker catching. Every paper abused the Nationals, claiming they had thrown the game to win big money in Chicago, and some of them saying that every mem- ber of the Nationals was a gambler. Col Jones, the president of the club, furnished each paper the name of every player and the nature of his occupation, most of them Government clerks, and stating that the club was paying its own expenses, neither giv- ing nor receiving entertainment. He demanded a retraction of the charges with the aiternative of a suit for libel. Every paper retracted the next day, apologized, and some even praised the boys for: their gentlemanly bearing. Little Hope of Incas Gaining Better Conditions Foreseea News points out, “and the record of cruel oppression has continued down to modern times. Regrettable as is their rebellion and deplorable as are the massacres and bloodshed which must attend it, the hope may be en- tertained that the white rulers will re- store peace on a basis of greater con- sideration for the welfare of these people.” The Saginaw Daily News feels also that “sympathy for a revolt like that cannot be withheld by people having regard for justice,” and sug- gests, “That they have revolted is but natural, for it is still presumably true that the worm will turn From another point of view, the Reno Evening Gazette argues that “there ought to be no question of where the sympathies of enlightened peoples should be in the Bolivian con- flict,” for, as that paper views the situation: “They should sustain the whites, It is the white men of Bo- livia who have developed their moun- tainous country- to the extent that it has been, and there is no proof that would be accepted by average men or women, let alone courts or historians, that the Indians have heen defrauded or mistreated.” The Altany Evening News is convinced that “these Indians cannot prevail against the white man,” and then asks, “Have the reds finally succeeded in an appeal for the de- scendants of the red men of a once mighty empire to.recapture what once belonged to their ancestors?"” L I “A flash in the pan, set off by agi tators with ulterior motives,” is the expressed judgment of the Philadel- phia Public Ledger, while the Chicago Tribune is impressed by the picture of a promised ‘“‘Communist revolt, with its methods of ruthless slaughter insured by the primitive nature of savages,” and predicts that “the course of events will be watched with some anxiety.” The Boston Tran: pt sees the demonstration as “an echo of the events in Mexico,” and concludes that “in spite of all the dreams that nuy be dreamed of a ‘restoration of t Inca Empire,’ the success of such rebellion as that which has been at- tempted at Potosi and thereabout would mean nothing less than a pro- letarian revolution.” “The nation which steps in to re store order will be called a meddl according to the Oakland Tribun “and yet, if this war goes on with i proud and fatalist Incas, armed witii sling-shots and clubs, battling the il armed soldiers, there will be an ap palling shedding of brave blood. a decimation of an ancient tribe.” The Kansas City Journal-Post tinds that “‘there does not seem to be even a pre- text under which the United States can intervene and stop the massacre,” and adds that “if one should be found. the pan-American critics of the United States would he quick as ever in see- ing a devilish plan for American ‘dom ination.’ ” * K %k “A war of extermination, not pleas ing to contemplate, is no doubt now in progress,” says the Louisville Cou- rier-Journal, which believes that the odds are “in favor of less than a third of the population.” The Waterbury Republican states that “it is undoubt- edly true that the dream of re-estab- lishing the ancient empire is at the back of the leaders’ head: The Brooklyn Eagle avers that “few thinkers will attribute any disturbance to any propaganda from Moscow,” but the New York Herald Tribune con- cludes that “if one could believe that the Bolivian descendants of the Incas were really interpenetrated with the doctrines of Marx, it would be a strik ing case of reversion fo type. for no The old Nationals played clean ball, as do their namesakes of today. H. A. DOBSON. Madison, Wis, Communist state ever existed so per- fect as that described in Prescott’s Jjeweled prose.”