Evening Star Newspaper, October 28, 1926, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR]| ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY. . ...October 28, 1926 THEODORE W. NOYES. — The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business §ffice . 11th St. and Penneylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Building. European Office jpi4, Rerent St.. London. ngtand. . . Editor The Evening Star. with the Sunday morn Ing ‘adition. fs delivered by carriers within city at’ 60 centa per month. daly only. 45 cents per month: Sundays only. 20 cents ner month. Orders may he sent by mall or {elephone Main 5000. Collection is made by carrier at end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. af]: £0.00: 1 75 Bally ang, Sunday .4 vr- SR A81 1 mar A Bunday only . 1yr.$3.00: 1 me oo AL Other States and Canada. ailv .1yr.$1200:1mo.. aily :‘T‘E{VS\IMLY : ] ‘;'; ,(l 00:1mo. 7T6e unday only ... 1yr. $$.00:1mo. dbc Member of the Associated Press. The Ascociatad Preas fa exclusively entitled 186 for republication of all news dis- o 1t or not otherwise cred d also the local news vublished horein. Al of special dispatches herein are also reservi Advertising and National Progress. President Coolidge lust evening ad- dreseed the American Association of Advertising Agencies, in annual ses- #lon in (his city, in terms which the American neople the highest con cept oi the hu ess of giving public ity to the products and the activities and the offerings of trade. Basically, he said, it is . process of education, glving information of the existence and nature of commodities by explaining the advuntages to be derived from their and ereating them a wider demand. Advertising promotes prosperity, and is itseif an index of prosperity. Lint in the final phase, the President eaid, “advertising min- tnters to the spiritual side of trade,” being “part of the greater work of the yse for regeneration and redemption of man- kind. In the development titution there ev sing sense of responsibility on the part of those who are enge wed In the endeavor to acquaint the buy ing public with the products of the manufacturers and the goods of the dealers. Strict honesty of statement ig the first principle. Good faith has been established through sive advances in this regard until there is now complete confidence on the part of the public in the integrity of thuse who proclaim and the mediums they utilize 1o spread their announcements before the world. The President thus expresses this relationship A great power has been placed in the hands of those who direct the vertising policies of our country, and power is always coupled with respon sibllities. No occupation is charged with cater obligations than that which partakes of the nature of edu- cation. engaged in that effort are cha the trend of human thought. They are molding the man mind. Those who write on that tablet write for all eternity. There can be no perm s for adver tising except a representation of the exact truth. Whenever dcception, falsehood and fraud creep in they un- dermine the whole structure. They damage the whole art Advertising is a constructive contrl- bution to the culture of the people. It has becom~ established us i it utilizes the agencies of other for its s Typography itself has been developed graatly to meet the de yuands of the trade news. Pictorial agt has been commandeered for serv- fce. Literary talents have been en rolied for the most effective presenta- tin of the facts of trade. Salesman is been cultivated of advertising has come an suc ship n art to Ligh perfection The Amerfean news greates are the 1cational volume papers axponents of this e process. Their growth in largely due to the requirements of the country’s Industries and trade enter- prises 1o acquaint the public with the wares needed to supply both the ne- cessities and the cultural luxuries of modern life n sald that this enormous ve dvertising has done as much other single agency to elevate the standard of liv- ing in the United States. So intimately related are the people of this country, in their manifold ac- tivities, though they are dispersed over vast area in widely differing condi- tlons, that the welfare of any group affects the welfare of all other groups. ‘There are few remaining *‘corners’ of civilization, where backward condi- tions prevail. Steadily the average of intelligence and literacy has risen un- 11 it may be said in ail truth that the American people are a reading people. And being a reading people they have found their lives enriched by the edu- cation of the newspaper press, with 1ts news of events and its news of trade. But for the latter element the standard of natfonal culture would nét be so high as it is today. The ad vertisers and their mediums of daily education have aided greatly in this process. is 1t has be as any oo A political campaign in some com- munities merely selects man who is to be unpopular for the next few years. some e Ponzi as an Example. Yesterday ut Austin, Tex, the Court of Criminal Appeals of that State ordered Charles Ponzi turned over to Massiachusetts to serve a sen- tence of from seven to nine years un- der his conviction as a “‘common and motorfous thief” in connection with financial schemes in Boston. Yonzi, who had gone, while on bail, to Florida where he engaged in questionable financial practices, fled to Texas when proceedings against him were insti- tuted. He was recognized when about sall on an Italian ship for his na- tive land, disguised as a seaman. He fought extradition in the District Oeurt and failing there appealed to the Court of Criminal Appeals, which has just denied the application and ordered his surrender to Massachu- setts. 1lis attorney immediately an- nounced that, he would within fifteen days file motion for rehearing before that court. Here is a striking case of the law’s delay. Ponzi has been convicted in Massachusetts and has exhausted all his appeals there. He has now been Zour wwoutks iu Texas resisting extra- righte of nublication} hu- | dition. He has not, in the ordinary parlance, “a leg to stand on” as to his rights. He should have been sent back immediately upon capture to Boston when the Governor of Massa- chusetts sent a requisition. Now he proposes through his attorney to re- | sist further. "Within fifteen days he will apply for a rehearing. The court will probably take some days to con- sider it. In M likelihood another month will elapse, even it the applica- tion is denied, before he is started back on his way to prison in Massa- chusetts, Herein lies the chief fault of our judictal system in respect to the pun- {ishment of crime. Defendants of | whose guilt there is no doubt, whose ! punishment is required by every con- sideration of the law, contrive by ap- | peals and delaying tactics to postpone execution of the penalties. They stall off trial in the first placa. They pro- tract the trials by the introduction of irrelevant evidence and profuse exam- inations and cross-examinations. They interpose objections voluminously for the purpose of possibly overturning verdicts and setting aside sentences. They take the limit of time allowed for appeals. They go up and down the court line with motions, each of which takes time for consideration and decision. They crowd the calen- dars of the courts with their procras- tinations. Usually they are at liberty on bail, suffering no penalty whatever. Th ttorneys, though officers of the -ourt and sworn to promote the ad- I ministration of justice, are profiting by the campaign delay which thwarts the ends of justice. It is no wonder the public becomes impatient at the dilatory procedure. It is no wonder that this impatience sometimes takes the form of mob ac- tion. It is no worder that lawbreak- ers regard the courts without fear and consider the law as their pro- tector rather than their avenger. It is no wonder that crime flourishes in this country. ——————— Arterial Highways. An expedition to observe the work- Ing of the new thirty-mile speed limit on Massachusetts avenue netted In- specto W. Brown and Assistant Traffic Director I. C. Moller twelve of- fenders against the stop regulation erday. Three of the twelve, be- cause they deliberately ignored the stop sign at intersections of the ar- terial highway, were relieved of their week. The others, who merely slowed up when ap- proaching the avenue, were given a severe lecture and allowed to g0 on thelr way with a warning. . With the new speed limit in force it {is imperative that the stop signals be | strictly obeyed. Serious accidents will | be caused by a flouting of this regu- tion. When it is realized that all traflic on arterial highways of this type has absolute right-of-way over a { crossing or turning traffic and that travel on the highway is at a speed of thirty miles an hour the danger of infractions of the rule can readily be seen. The punishment of suspension of permit, therefore, is not severe when it may easily mean the saving of life by removing from the streets a driver who has flagrantly violated a { rule made for the safety of the gen- sral public. Washington motorists, to whom the plan of stop streets is comparatively new, and who are inclined at times to grumble at the large number of what they characterize as ‘‘unnecessal stops, should take their automobiles and drive awhile in some of the Mid- dle Western cities, where the system is used in practically every town and permits for one on many streets. They would then return to Washington thankful that the system had been installed here with discretion and convinced that as a safeguard to traffic movement it is the latest word. On the part of the traffic office every effort should be made to com- plete the system without further de- lay. now be- ing used should be erected at every intersection, no matter how unimpor- tant. The installation of the beautiful new parking signs such as are used in front of the White House and other points in the city might be held up at least until the boulevard and arterial highway plan has reached completion. The final installation of this system would seem to be far move important than the mere erection of parking signs, no matter how artistic. Where signs have been erected no lentency should be shown to motorists who deliberately ignore them. There can be no tampering with this traf- fic system, which depends upon the obedience and intelligence of the mo- toring public to make it successful. A steady campaign of enforcement by the police and a sustained effort thie Trafic Bureau toward comple- tion will prove of striking benefit to the solution of a perplexing traffic problem. R The introduction of the ‘“wet or dry” issue has injected a suggestion of fuddlement in the politics of vari- ous communities, which is old King Alcohol's natural privilege. o The Hall-Mills case has introduced so many prominent figures that the public is liahle to forget the people after whom it was named. (oo A Fitting Tribute. A brave member of the metropol- itun police force received recognition last night from a group of citizens for his part in the capture of a gang of bandits who had committed many | crimes. At the same time his fellow | officer, who met his death in the fight for the capture, was eulogized for his | fearlessness in the face of fatal gun- fire. Policeman Frank Ach, Nnow recov- ering from bullet wounds received in the encounter, was the recipient of a watch from Brightwood Masonic Lodge, and Mrs. L. W. K. Busch, widow of the slain patrolman, was presented with a bouquet in memory of her husband, who fell in the line of duty. It is fitting and proper that honor should be done these men, one living and one dead. Shot down by bandits’ uns they returned an effective fre THE EVENING as they lay on the sidewalk, so crip- pling and terrifying the gang that their later capture was comparatively easy. They were of the highest type of good police officers and their brav- ery will serve as an inspiring example to the entire department. ————————— Travelers’ Aid. Physical suffering or mental anguish in the familiar environment of an un- fortunate person's own city arouses sympathy, but how much more pitiable is the condition of those who are hungry or ill among strangers in un- accustomed surroundings! For the cure, protection and guidance of those who arrive destitute and bewlildered, provision has been made by those citi- zens who established and now sup- port the Washington Travelers’ Aid Society. Union Station officials and railroad employes give a fine co-op- eration to the work. American railroads in one year carry a billion passengers in fifteen million trains. Along the streams of travel lie cities which, debris carried along by the flood. Travelers' Aid representatives find that of the passengers, other than commuters, one of every two hundred needs protection, relief or guidance. Washington is a mecca for the ad- venturous youth of the country and for older people as well, and, in the case of those without funds or with ill-formed plans, wise advice at the moment of arrival finds such minds most open to suggestion. The splen. did organization and institutions of the city are enabled to perform a better service because strangers in trouble promptly come into the proper hands through the alertness ©f the Travelers’ Aid representatives. Protecting children and young girls, arranging for food and bed for people without money, caring for the ill or aged and hurrying off wires to dis- tant cities, the Travelers' Ald staff turns many a tear into a smile, averts increases in the community’s social problems and fittingly represents the warm heart of Washington to hundreds of visitors each month. ——————————— The Philadelphia Sesquicentennial will live in memory. Any patriot who ioses recollection of it will have it re- cailed to attention by the annals of sport as the scene of the Dempsey- Tunney combat. ——ree— Some observer has stated that Lenglen is the queen of tennis. This kind of queen works exceedingly | hard and must be content to spell her title with a lower-case “q.” No natlon wants war. At the same time no nation wants the worst of it in case war happens. An honorable and rellable understanding is an es- sential preliminary to peace. e Barred from politics, the liberal man of vast wealth turns to the theater. In either field he is embarrassed by the obtrusive enterprise of bad actors. Archeologists might fittingly ar- range a special demonstration in honor of Queen Marie in recognition of her rediscovery of Lofe Fuller. e It is sometime$ comparatively easy to pass a law. The real contest arises over the question of whether it shall be enforcy R A few days’ service on a grand jury has turned many an idealistic humani- tarian into a cynic. like catch ! basins, each take their quota of the ! —oe— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Once Again. Once again the Autumn gleams Rich and fair, As the misted sunlight streams Through the air; And the seasons as they pass Seem to say— Though the cyn! “Let's be gay sighs, “Alas!’— There's a mellow, vellow light Through the trees; Golden rod is bravely bright In the leas. Every season has its charm As we stray; Let’s go on, without alarm, And be gay. Unreliable Lucre. “Do you believe in the use of money in politics? “No,” answered Senator. Sorghum. “I used to, but these Investigations convince me it is no longer sure-fire stuff.” Dollar Diplomacy. The diplomat is very keen, With formal talk severe; Yet finally he oft is seen As just a financier. Jud Tunkins says a controversy about religion and science is liable to be carried on by people who don't know much about either. “Morals,” =aid Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “like fashions, are usually regulated by the will of the major- ity Laws. We make a lot of splendid laws, I ‘With more to come behind 'em; ‘We keep on needing more, because Some of us do not mind ‘em. Cured. “Have vou sold your flivver?” “Yep,"” answered Mr. Chuggins. “I simply got tired of wondering whether 1 was goin’ to wake up and look into the face of a traffic cop or a trained nurse.” “I'm glad,” remarked Count Ever- broke, “my creditors don't use radio. I'd never get any stations except COD and 101 “What is you gineter do,” asked Uncle Eben, “when de boss raises wages and den boosts de price of everything you has to buy? ——oos The Little Fellow. From the Detroit News. Rear Admiral Moffett's remark that the dirigible is in its babyhood leads us to speculate on what the Los An- geles’ waistline will be when ft matures. » THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Disagreeable people seem to consti- tute a necessary portion of humanity. The joke of it is that those who rub one person the wrong way will prove eminently agreeable to another! So every one finds his place. The ancient Greeks held, according to Homer, that Jupiter mixed in the fate of every person a certain amount of happiness and a certain quantity of evil. o The same sort of thing would seem to hold true of acquaintances in every- day life. Each one of us will find some men to our liking, others affect- ing us adversely. It is not always so easy to see, how- ever, that those we dislike are quite as necessary to our scheme of things as those agreeable persons who fill our cup to overflowing. It is pleasant to contemplate a life free from the let and hindrance of persons who say the wrong thing at the wrong time, of those who invaria- bly do something to make one feel un- happy, of those who throw rocks in the pool of life. Would it not be possible, we might ask, to build such a world, each man for himself, in which each one would be surrounded at all times by friends alone, with no provision ever made for the intrusion of quarrelsome, dis- agreeable persons? Yes, it might be possible—but would it be profitable? The chances are that one would lose a great deal more than he gained. In days of old, potentates of various countries had much the same idea. Surrounded by sycophants, flat- terers all, they lived somewhat happy lives, in the course of which no one ald a single disagreeable thing in their presence. One might say that they were happy, in a degree. But as they had falsified life for the sake of spurious happiness, so their fate was generally in keeping with the life they had led. Some time in the dark night, when the royal presence had at last been ®ot to bed with great ceremony, and after he was sleeping away much as any other man, some envious soul, who had only a few hours ago mouthed pretty platitudes, released the stored-up rancor of a lifetime and let the slumbering potentate have it between the ribs. * K X K The uses of enemies have been dis- cussed before, and better than we could hope to do it. After all, very few of us have enemies, in the sense the word Is gen- erally meant. Modern life has done away with “enemies,” to a large extent, for the majority of persons. It has left plenty of disagreeable persons, though. One mieets them on every side. Even the superoptimists confess as much, by the very plenitude of their w: ings upon the very opposite sort of men and women! “Indeed, he doth profess too much,” as Shakespeare sald. 1f_modern life were not filled to overflowing with_ disagreeable per- sons, where would there be the need for the cultivation of optimism? Optimism is natural to the healthy human_spirit, but, being a delicate mechanism, is easily overturned. The 0ld enemy who lurked for a man be- hind a wall, well daggered, with hon- est rancor in his heart, has been transformed into a sneering gentle- man who consummates that justly celebrated act known as ‘damning with faint praise.” The woman of the French Revolu- tion who shouted for blood louder than her man has given place to the dangerous “gold digger,” or the less hostlle, but none the less obnoxious, lady who covertly sneers at the world in which she finds herself ill at ease. * % ¥ x There is even in existence today a breed of men whose sole occupation in life, aside from the very necessary one of providing themselves food and shelter, is that of stealthily saying disagreeable things to every one they meet. If there is a hidden dislike in your mental make-up, they ferret it out and remind you of it. Let them be aware of it, by so much as the bat- ting of an eve, and you will never hear the last of it. This is the precious thing for which they have been hunting, and it will prove precious to you, before they are done with it! The interplay of mind against mind, one of the most interesting and fundamental battles of all time, end- lessly repeated, ever bright and new, leads to some very strange manifesta- tions. The honest man is aware of the fact that if the person he regards as disagreeable “rubs him the wrong way,” he, in turn, most likely affects the other exactly in ratio to the effect the former produces. It Is this conviction that leads him around to the thought that disagree- able persons, after all, as neces- sary, in.general living, ‘as fences “hog tight and bull high” are on a farra. Both are useful. Just as the big fence keeps witain bounds the raging animals, so disagreeable persons, yours to you and mine to me, restrain the o'erweening piggishness and bull- ishness of the human spirst. We may be such stuff as dreams are made of, but we contain also an unconscionable amount of lesser stuff, the effervescent particles of the greater things which we may be or hope to do. Each one of us fs, in essence, a gigantic pop bottle, charged with car- bonated water, sizzling unrestrainedly when the top is lifted. Our disagreeable friends, else who strike us as serve the very useful purpose of squelching our ebullitions at their source before we make total fools of ourselves. ~We leave the house, on a fine morn- ing, reasonably satisfied with our- selves; in fact, strutting just a little, And then some disagreeable chap driving a delivery wagon bawls us out for getting in his way! He is un- necessarily disagrecabie To him, however, we are only an obstacle in an otherwise good delivery system. i and all disagreeable, Debs Viewed as Firebrand And as Friend of Humanity In death, as in life, the character of Eugene V. Debs inspires many and varying conceptions. “In retrospect,” says the Baltimore Sun, “we see that what courted in old Gene was not his unsound theories, which were but a superficial part of him, but the Christianlike virtues which were essential in his being. That we should have sent a man like that to jail for his ideas is a blot on American history which time will be slow in eradicating.” Yet the New York Sun blames the admirers of the Socialist leader, de- claring they “have always tried to offset his offenses by saving he was ‘Jovable.” That, indeed,” adds the Sun, “was the quality that made him dangerous. He had personality, mag- netism and the mild face of a martyr. Those were glfts that would have car- ried him much farther if he had enlisted in some better cause.” “Whatever else Debs may have bee: however, the Birmingham News reminds us that “he was never an incendiary or bomb thrower. And when he fought it was in the open. ‘While ‘Gene’ was serving time in the penitentiary many other men worse than he were up to worse devilment than he ever dreamed.” The Water- town Dally Times credits him with accomplishing much that was good. “When his life is analyzed, what has been the effect upon his country?”’ asks the Times. ‘‘He did little harm to American institutions. They were too firmly founded. Yet, without a doubt, the fight which he carried on for humanitarian legislation has had its effect, not through his own party, but through parties which he fought with all his heart and soul.” * ok ok K “He was a humanitarian, an ideal- ist, even a fanatic,” contends the Springfield Republican, “but he re- mained American, even though his term in a Federal prison for excess of pacifist zeal during the war auto- matically deprived him of technical citizenship. Communist pretensions that he was really one of them shoul not be allowed to obscure the record The Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch holds that “some of the doctrines which he taught are not those which appeal to the conservative leaders of thought, nor would their practical application to the affairs of men be for the best interest of the Nation, but the de- parted exponent of soclalism will long be remembered for his sincerity, his love for his fellows and his unswerving devotion to duty as he saw it.” ames Whitcomb Riley knew Debs,” remarks the Worcester Telegram, “and once in verse the poet pictured the agitator as one who stood with his arms outstretched to all mankind And that was a true portrait. Storm- ing through life, Debs was in his heart as tender as Riley.” The New York Evening World thus sums up its view of the Debs qual- itfes: *“His heart dominated his head good as it was. No one could know him and hate him. No one could know him and have contempt for him. It was easy to regret his political course, but no one could doubt the sincerity of his course. He paid the penality of this course with a gal- lantry that commands the respect of Though Mr. Debs spent much time in prison, he was not in the ordinary sense a criminal at all,” in the opinion of the Columbus Ohio State Journal “Criminals commit crimes for pel sonal ends, to gain something tangi- ble for themselves or to satisfy their hatreds. There was none of that in this man. He committed his crimes to advance, as he thought, the inter- ests of humanity. His judgment, no doubt, was faulty, but his motive was the highest and best.” And the Wheeling Intelligencer concludes that “if there is a separate heaven for the heroic souls of the world, where the bravest of the dead warriors become minor deities. the Terre Haute fire- brand will perhaps find a high place there. For Gene Debs was one of the most valiant fighters this Nation has ever produced.” * ok k% On the other hand, the Kalamazoo Gazette insists that “his record con- talns no great ¢ tive achleve- ments”; that “as a friend and coun- selor of American labor he certainly cannot be classed for actual works accomplished, with a man like Samuel (:ompors," The 1t Lake Deseret News says he was in favor of Bol- shevik principles, and “this attitude made him a menace to the organiza- tion and principles of the Govern- ment.” “One of the tragic mi can history,” is the des ption given by the Cedar Rapids Gazette, while the Adrian Telegram avers that “he had a good side and an evil side, as distinct as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.” The Pittsburgh _Chronicle-Telegraph holds that “the doctrines which Debs preached were repudiated long ago by American labor.” The Dayton Daily News feels that “his ideas were so strangely violent to the very domi- nant view of the country that he stood out as almost a pathetic figure.” The Providence Journal views Debs as “a strange figure in our politics, flercely earnest, consistent to his own harm, unterrified by odds, an idealist with 2 wrong twist, a weird prophet in a land of common sense.” The Har- risburg Telegraph maintains that “he died a far less influential figure than before his war-time activitles disgust- ed patriotic men.” “The rallying point of soclalism has disappeared,” in the opinion of the Abilene Daily Reporter; “as a na- tional force in politics, soclalism will be felt no more. The heart of its ‘cause’ has ceased to function.” THINK IT OVER Why Can’t My Boy Speak French? fits of Ameri- By William Mather Lewis, Preeident George Washington University. A discouraged parent recently said: “My boy has had French have vears in high school and can't even ask for his food in French. The Greek on the corner has been in this country only three years and can speak Eng- ish well enough to carry om a busi- ness. vhat is the matter with our school What is meant by ‘three years of French”? It means three school years of 36 weeks each, in a class meeting at the most five times a week, but more geneially three times a week, for 35 or 40 minutes, interrupt- ed by the teacher's attention to dis- cipline, school bookkeeping and an oc- casional visitor. Moreover, the class usually consists of 35, 40 or even 45 pupils, entirely too many to aliow even a modicum of individual at- tention to each pupil. How much time does the student spend in a French atmosphere? Very little, All his time outside of this particular class is In an unadultered native en- vironment. The “Greek on _the corner,” on the contrary, lives Eng- lish all day long, and he works long hours. He also has a direct incentive. Probably if the American boy had to ask for his food in French or starve, he would show amazing progress in the language. Foreign language teachers realize criticism of their result: ‘They are now engaged on a self-survey of meth- ods, aims and materials whereby their work may be improved. One thing that may be discovered is that not enough of the class time is spent in actually speaking the lan- guage. No marked improvement in efficiency can fairly be expected un- til we have smaller classes for more periods a week and for a longer stretch of years. Foreign language study should be begun far earlier than is generally the case now. Small children can re- produce pronunciations they hear much more easily than can their eld- ers. They can also memorize much more successfully. These children should have the opportunity for as- sociation with some one who speaks the language fluently and accurately. Much time can be wasted in the study of French, but, on the other hand, if the student learns it thoroughly and under proper condi- tions it will be an active element in the success of his life work. (Conyright. 19940 STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1926. L ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Bi’ FREDERIC J. HASKIN. THE NORTH WINDOW By Leila Mechlin. What is art? Who knows? To this question many have given an- swers, but, in_the writer's opinion, William Dana Oreutt in his book entl; titled ““In Quest of the Perfect Book,” lately published, has come nearer the truth than any one else. Curiously enough, this is a book about printing by a master printer, one who has made printing a business while re- garding it as an art. In telling of his quest of the perfect book Mr. Orcutt reveals not only his own attitude toward art, but that of others, and in what ‘he has to say of printing one finds much which ap- plies to art as a whole, much which goes to prove that it is not encom- passed in any one form of expres- sion—painting, sculpture, architec- ture or decoration—but is common to all, a spiritual thing brought into be- ing through the aspiration of man for perfect and beautiful expression of the highest truth revealed to him, thus part and parcel of life at its best. * ok ok k¥ Referring to a copy of “The Ideal Book,” written and printed by Cobden- Sanderson at the Dove's Press, which a friend had called to his attention, Mr. Orcutt speaks of “turning the leaves and enjoying the composite beauty of the careful typography and the perfect impress upon the soft, handmade paper with the satisfaction one always feels when face to face with a work of art,” and then re- marks: “How few, even among those interested in books, recognize the fine artistic touches that constitute the dif- ference between the commonplace and the distinguished!” This is true of all branches of art, but it is particularly true of the art of bookmaking. The building of a well made volume involves the choice of type, the use of decoration, the arrangement of margins. It is not altogether unlike the building of a house and it simi- larly offers opportunity for creative work. It was when Mr. Orcutt real- izad this fact that he determined to personally enter upon the adventure of making books. This adventure led him far afield on a guest which seemed a part of an Arfiibian Nights . He describes it as follows: ‘autiously opening a door, I would find myself in a room containing treasures of absorbing interest. From this room there were doors leading in different directions into other rooms even more richly filled; and thus on- ward, with seemingly no end to the fascinating rewards that came through effort and perseverance.” This is what life invariably is to the true artist and it is for this rea- son that artists, unlike others, never regard their work as ‘“shop,” are will- ing to suffer any amount of privation n order to ‘‘carry on” and almost invariably desire their children to fol- low in their footsteps. To those with- out, the reward may seem insufficient; but to those within the profession it more than repays. * ok ok K It was William Morrls, Mr. Orcutt who, a little more than 30 3 o, showed the world that printing still belonged among the fine arts. This was through the publica- tions of the Kelmscott Press. It was these books which awoke in Mr. Or- cutt an overwhelming desire to put himself into the volumes he produced, and as he realized that no man can give of himself beyond what he pos- s and that to make his ambition worth accomplishing he must absorb and make a part of himself the beauty of the anclent manuscripts of the early printed books, he was led to take up an exhaustive study of the history of printing. - But despite his admiration for Mor- ris and the works of the Kelmscott Press, Mr. Orcutt does gratifyingly classi! the Morfis books as “mar- velously beautiful objets d'art” rather than as fine examples of real book-making. And this they certainly are. In thelr making Burne-Jones, the designer, and William Morrls, the decorator-printer, co-workers in sis- ter art: produced volumes of great beaut, avishing upon them every care and effort, supreme skill; but, as Mr. Orcutt remarks, after all a book is made to read, and the Kelmscott books are made to be looked at. The principles which control the de- gn of the ideal book were perfectly aid down by William Morris, but his instinctive tendency toward decoration led him astray. As is so often the case, his purpose was beyond his ac- complishment, but through this pur- pose he exerted a wide and lasting in- fluence. 1t should not be forgotten that Wil- liam Morris, who gave to the world the Morris wall papers, the Morris chalr and a new impulse toward art, declined the poet-laureateship of Eng- land because he did not want to re- linquish the printing of his Chaucer. Here again was the zeal of the artist for his work. * K % There was the same conflict in the early days following the invention of mechanical printing between hand work and machine work that there is today In certain industrial fields. The aristocrats, the connolsseurs of art, a limited class at the time of Aldus, frowned upon the printing press, fearing that printed books ob- tainable in quantity would take from the value of the more beautiful and artistic hand-printed and illuminated volumes. There are some today who would reserve preclous examples of the art of the past for those few who are most capable of appreciating them. There are some who frown upon re- productions of great paintings, which may be purchased at a price within the means of the workingman. Art they belfeve, is for the few, not the many. There are some, too, who would, if it were possible, have us abolish_the machine in the making of furniture, jewelry, silverware, etc. and go back to the days when every. thing was made by hand. But this is impossible. Aldus in his Venetlan printing of- fice, o many yvears ago, was wiser than this. “He was not alarmed,” Mr. Orcutt tells us, “by the solicitude of the patrons for the beauty of the book!” He had always known that in order to exist at all the printed book must compete with the written volume, and he demonstrated this pos- bility by producing volumes of ex- quisite beauty on his own presses, of which no_collector need be ashamed. Mr. Orcutt redemonstrates it in his present volume. “I believe it is pos- sible today,” he says, “to perpetuate the basic principles of the early art. ists and master printers by applying beauty to low-cost books as well as to limited editions de luxe." This Is e spirit which would rev our art industries, il * X * X Mr. Orcutt reminds us that some of the greatest artists of the past have given themselves to book illus- tration. When he himself was seek- ing illustrations for Petrarch’s “Tri- umphs,” the product of his quest for the perfect book, printed in type face which he designed, using as his models the hand-printed Humanistic volumes found in the Laurenziana Library, he was fortunate enough to discover in the British Museum six original drawings illustrating the theme, sup- posedly the work of Fra Lippo Lippi. Rellini is supposed to have made the drawings for Poliphilo's “Strife of Love in a Dream,” the onjy lllus- trated volume issued by the Aldine Press. It is Mr. Orcutt's belief that fllus- trations are decorations and, if used at all, should be “in euch a way as o assist the imagination of the reader rather than to divert him from the text.” And he says, “a title page should be like the door to a house, inviting the reader to open it and ’rocug Yhat an excelleat stand- . How much of the property in the District of Columbia is owned by the Federal Government?—A. W. A. The tax assessor's office says that the total valuation of Govern- ment and privately owned property in the District of Columbia is ahout one and a quarter billlon dollars. Of this, the Government owns about one-third and the value is four hundred million or more dollars. Q. What is the orl; and correct spelling of the term ‘‘monniker”?—M. I M. A. “Moniker” is a slang term used both in England and in the United States. Its origin is unknown. There are three accepted spellings of the word: “Moniker,” “monniker” and “monicker."” Q. What are agricultural museums and where are some located—G. D. A. Agricultural museums are found in Switzerland, Germany, Denmark and Holland. The collections consist not only of minerals, insects, agricul- tural products and by-products, but also contain models of farm animals, models and specifications of agricul- tural implements, illustrations show- ing the advancement of scientific in- vestigations of insect pests, and the manner in which they attack. These collections are usually in connection with some agricultural school and are used for purposes of illustration and demonstration. One of the largest of these museums is located at Berlin in Germany. Q. What is the first name of Dr. Lorenz. the bloodless surgeon?—D. T. A. His name is Adolf. Q. What are pelagic animals?—N. S. A. “Pelagic” is a form of a Greek word which means “relating to the open sea,” and pelagic animals are the surface fauna which live on the high seas far from land. . Why are some smelter smoke- stacks built so }igh?—G. J. A. The larges. stack in the world is at a smelter in Tacorma, Wes This is 572 feet high. The sen highest is at Anaconda, and the 1 highest in the world fs loc Japan. These high stacks se purposes—first, to drive suffic draft, and secondly, tc ry jectionable gases to such a helght U they would be sufficiently diluted the pure-air spreaders so as to be ci ried off and not settle on the surrotm ing neighborhood. Q. How early did education by tear! ers and schools begin?—V. F. C. A. Schools may be aid to date from the Macedonia period of Greek hir tory. ‘There were professional teact ers of three kinds, who ing, writing and arithmeti gymnastics. According to Sue literary teaching began in Rome with Livius Andronicus, a Greek brought to Rome as a slave in Roman school was very much like the modern school. Education wis carried on to @ certain extent amnor the ancient Jews. The synagogur ief seats of learning. Fil¢ were common amot »m about 64 A.D. E the first convert that Mohammed made?—M. H. A. His cousin and son-in-law, All was his first convert. Any reader can get the answer (o any question by writing The 1 ning Star Information Bureau, F eric J. Haskin, director, Washingto D. €. This offer applies strictly information. The burcau cannot gire advice on legal, medical and financial matters. It does mot attempt to set tle domestic troubles, nor undertak: echaustive research on any subject Write your question plainly and briefly. Give full name and address and inclose 2 cents in stamps f return postage. The reply is sent direct to the inquirer. Address 'I'h Evening Star Information Rurcan Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Was) ington, D. C. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. While the Imperial Conference is in session in London, to discuss the fate of the British commonwealth, there are also in the same capital representatives of Canada, the l'rov- ince of Quebec and the Colony Newfoundland to discuss before the Privy Council their respective elaims to a vast tract of territory known as Labrador. To the average reader, abrador covers that entire northeast shoulder of the North American continent be- tween Hudson Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, an area equal to Alaska—but few have ever evinced much interest in just what sort of territory it is, or even how large it is. To the geogra- pher, true Labrador is only that nar- row strip of land lying along the At- lantic coast from Belle Isle Strait (a mouth of the St. Lawrence River) up to Cape Chudley, the eastern point of Ungava Bay and the entrance of Hudson Strait. That strip of land un- deniably belongs to Newfoundland, but just how wide is that 700-mile strip? It is described in history as “the coast,” but Newfoundland claims that it must be construed as extending back to the height of land above the sources of all rivers emptying into the Atlan- tic Ocean. The Province of Quebac disputes that clalm, and asserts that the Newfoundland jurisdiction ex- tends inland only about 10 miles, or to the heads of the many inlets of the ocean, and that west of that 10 miles the land belongs either to Quebec or to the unorganized territory of Un- gava belonging to Canada. After years of controversy, the Province of Quebec proposed to buy the quitclaim of Newfoundland, but was shocked at the price demanded— $30,000,000, with Newfoundland re- taining fishery rights—and so the whole question is referred to the Privy Council of the Emplre, for liti- gation and settlement. * kX X ¥ The island of Newfoundland is “the senfor colony” of Great Britain in America. It antedates in discovery, though not in continuous settlement, any other overseas colony. It has a constitutional government, the gov- ernment appointed by the King, for it is a perquisite of the Crown, inde- pendent of Canada. Newfoundland may have been seen in A.D. 1000 by Lief the Norseman. but it is certain that it was discovered in 1497 by John Cabot, who landed on it and claimed it for Henry VII. In 1650 it had a resident population of 2,000 besides a floating population of several thou- sand fishermen during the fishing season. Today its population exceeds 200,000 Jealous of their fishing privileges, the fishermen in the seventeenth cen- tury persuaded Great Britain to dis- courage permanent settiement, by for- bldding the erection of residences. The British records gave to New- foundland “the coast” as described above, along the mainland of the con- tinent, but for centuries no one thought of developing that barren and arctic mainland, except as a base for the fishing—for drying fish or repair- ing outfits. Labrador was no-man's- land through the centuries. * ok K X Upon the establishment of the con- federation of the Dominion of Canada, uniting all _the Canadlan provinces, in 1867. and for 30 years thereafter, all British officfal maps showed the Newfoundland Labrador as extending to the helght of land, as claimed to- day by Newfoundland. That made the western boundary beyond the source of Hamilton River, which is 300 miles west of the mouth of Hamil- ton Bay. The bay extends 150 miles {n- land; the bay and the river a total of 450 miles from the ocean. The area of the territory thus claimed by New- foundland is 110,000 square miles, half of which is covered with forest, and half of that forest Is of considerable commercial value, with the timber estimated at 75,000,000 cords. In addition to the value of the timber, there is water power to be Pl Mah—————— ard to set! Here again one remarks the similarity between art standards in this and other flelds. * kK % Beautiful tributes are paid by Mr. Orcutt to his one-time professor of art at Harvard, the late Charles Ellot Norton, who, through his teaching, did more perhaps than any other single person to extend and establish a real appreciation of art in this country, and to Dr. Guido Biagi, that great scholar who for many years was librarian of the Laurenziana and Riccardi Libraries, custodian of the Medici, the Michelangelo and the Da Vinel archives, who had opened many of the doors in the Arabian Nights adventures «hich Mr. Opcutt had in quest of the perfect book. These two men he brought together when the latter was visiting America. “Biagi had lived what Norton had acquired;” they had much in common, but they did not confine their talk to books. It was of art, of music, of history, of science “In listening to their conversation,” Mr. Orcutt says, “L discovered that a perfectly trained mind under absolute control is the most beautiful thing in the world.” What a surpassing tribute! It is such who know the meaning of art and its full significance. of | into the hinterland; developed sufficlent to run all the railronds and factorles of Canada Hamilton River drops 760 feet in miles, and contains Grand_ Fa which have a sheer drop of 315 fi more than twice the size of Falls, whose height is only 1 The volume of water going Grand Falls is 50,000 cubic feet p second—which is greater than ara. It would develop 4300 horsepower. The rapids ahove falls would develop 1,700,000 horse power and Muskrat Falls, 27 miles above Goose Bay, is estmated 500,000 horsepower. There are numer ous other falls and rapids through out Newfoundland's claimed territory. There is a range of mountains par: lel to the Atlantic Coast, with peaks 000 to 8,000 feet high, contain various metals—iron, gold, copper and nickel-lead—but mining is quite unde veloped. The chief immediate source of wealth is the timber and water power, though the amount of ores t« be found there in the future is un estimated. EE Since 1818, American flshermen have held rights, under our treaty with Great Britain, to fish along the Lal rador Coast, but in recent years the rights have not been extensively ex ercised, for the fishing has ceased t. be very profitable. Newfoundland h: attempted to handicap American fis ing by forbidding the buying of bait o1 hiring of native ong the coast, and diplomatic parleys resulting in no tlement, the American claims were re ferred by Secretary Root to The Hague in 1908. In 1910 The Hague Tribuna gave its decision, awarding to Grea Britain the power to' make regula tions, subject to our treaty of 181% but permitting Americans to tisi within the 3-mile marine lini and to hire foreign (Labrador) hand to ald them. It will be recalled that Secretary State Danfel Webster once offered ! concede Oregon and Washington i« Great Britain for a. clear title to thes fishing rights, but he was persuaded by a missionary, Marcus Whitman that he was making a bad bargain * ok kK ‘While the mainland of Labrador w no-man's land for centurles after had been given to Newfoundland, began to be valued after the Battle « the Plains of Abraham and the Brit ish conquest of Canada in 1759, By the treaty of Parls in 1763 strip extending eastward from 1l Saguenay River to St. Johns Rive: opposite the west end of Anticosti | land, was made part of conquered Qi be, and the *c t"" was confirmed to Newfoundland. 1In 1774, this “coast was reannexed to Quebec, and in 1801 n passed to Newfoundland. 1 E iother adjustment was mad. and Quebec was 300 miles to Blanc s end of the Belle Island Strait, and held to terminate at a line drawn due nort} degrees north latitude. But ever then there was no definition of whit was meant by the “coast.’ History establishes this precedent By a grant of 1670 the Hudson Fur Co._ was glven cantrol of all te, ritory whose waters drained into Hud son Bay. Later, u ArTOW iy along the St. Lawre River wa granted to Quebec and consequent Quebec construed that grant as co ing “all territory morth to the wate shed separating the Hudson Bay rain from the St. Lawrenc drainage area.” On_that Quebec precedent, foundland now claims all the w shed whose drainage runs into Atlantic through its “coast.” * ok ox % The dispute began actively 30 ago, when the value of pulp wat realized. Canada passed a carrying its Canadian boundary of Quebec’s old boundary to height of land of the Eastmain ani Hamilton Rivers, and east to the un disputed Newfoundland “coast™ hold Ings. Friction over that claim rose it 1903, when Quebec set up a protes because Newfoundland was leasing timber rights on the Hamilton ve within that grabbed territory, ! Newfoundland pointed out that f 160 years that territory had bee: British with no pretense of juriedi tion by Quebec before 1908, * kK K ‘The supply of pulpwood in the I'ro ince of Quebec will be exhausted less than 20 years. Newfound! Justified her price for the entire ter ritory, $30,000,000, not by the Quebe: comparison with ‘Amerlca’s purchase of Alaska for $7.250,000, but by mors modern Jand deals—when Amert paid Spain, after defeating her in war $20,000,000 for Porto Rico and the Philippines, and paid Panama $10,000 000 besides an annual stipend of $250 000 for a strip across Panama 10 mile~ wide, and later gave Colombla $2 000,000 more for her quitclaim on that same strip. Newfoundland recognizes that the resources of her continental territory cannot be developed without a rail road to Quebec because the river is frozen five months annually, and that such development could never be made by Newfoundland. She offers to sell the hinterland alone for $15,000, 000, but Quebec declines to buy into future troubles of commerce passini through Newfoundland waters. So the case goes to the Privy Counell for adjudication. (Copyright. 1926, by Paul V. Collius. rtl the i1