Evening Star Newspaper, September 14, 1926, Page 5

BALLOU PREPARING| 10 OPEN SCHOOLS Pupils Enter Monday at 9 A.M.—Dates of Meetings of Teachers Fixed. ieneral information to parents who desire to enter their children in’ the public schools, which open at 9 o'clock | Monday morning, was | \e Franklin School by Ballou, superintendent of Dates of meetings of super- officers and teachers were made public at the same time The official statemcnt Admission to Graded Schools. New pupils are admitted to the kindergartens < ot age by No- vember 1 or older, and to_the first grades § vears of age by November 1 or older. All children not on the rolls of the public s the close of last year who desire to enter the graded | schools or kindergartens will make application for admission tickets at the schools most convenient to thei homes. Principals will be at their buildings September 17 and 18 from £:30 to 10 a.m. and from 4 to 5:30 p.m Vaccination certificates must be presented. The law requires that “no child hall be admitted into the public school who shall not have been duly vaccinated or otherwise protected against smallpox.” Graded School Pupils. All pupils in the graded schools Jast year, except those promoted to the high schools, will report to their Jast year rooms, from which those to transferred will be sent to the high- ses. Pupils promoted to the chools will report at the respec- high schools as_follows, Septem- 9 am., at Eastern and Dun- .11 am., at Armstrong, Western, MeKinley and Business; 10:45 a.m., at ntral. Maryland and Virginia pupils expecting to enter the Columbia Junior Tigh School should report at that school September 17 at 1 p.m. Admission to White High Schools. All applicants for admission or for advanced standing in_the Central, ¥astern, Western and Business High Schools and the McKinley Technical High School, other than those who at- tended the eighth grades of the Dis- trict of Columbia must report to the sch¥ol admission board at the Franklin School, September 16, from 8:45 a.m. to 4 p.m., and September 17, from 9 a.m. to 4 pm. The board will assign pupils, if necessary, to any examination that may be required. Students entering the high schools through the high school admission board will be assigned by that board to schools In accordance with the directions of the superin- tendent. For admission to the first year, pupils must be prepared to take ex- eminations in _English, arithmetic, 1'nited States history and Constitu- tlon and geography. All applicants yust present proper certificates or records of all wark completed in other schools, otherwise no credit may be given for such work. E: aminations may be required, but credit may be given for some of the work done in other schools if certificates are satls- factory. Admission to Dunbar and Armstrong. All candidates for admission to the first year classes of Dunbar High next ank W, follows: THE EVENI DEVELOPMENT O | | Never Responsible, ARTICLE VIL | BY LOUIS SEIBOLD. i Records of the Police Department, the courts and welfare organizations | provide numerous examples of how | the average criminal is developed in | ew York Ci Like men in ever k of life, the gangster, the burgla and the killer must start at the bul-’ tom. Social workers of many welfare or- | ganizations are concerning themselves more and more with the treatient of | potential lawbreakers rather® than | wasting time over the hardened and professional crook. Their hope is to | destroy the roots of evil hefore it is | too lat The work of the Children's Court in trying to save the youth from becom- | ing a professional crook is one of the | most potent influences for doing away | with lawlessness. Thirty years ago hen a juvenile was convicted of crime d sentenced to prison it was ab- solutely certain that on his release he | would ‘drift into a life of permanent | criminality, moving from one offense to another, with no hope of regaining an honorable place in society. Many Rescue Agencies. Today, however, many splendid or- ganizations made up of scientifically trained and devoted workers are trying to save first offenders from a lif f The Catholic Protective So- v, the Jewish Board of Guardians the Salvation Army, the Big Brother Movement, various homes, missions, guldance bureaus and mental hygjene clinics are engaged in the work of res- cuing juveniles from criminal habits. A sample of the problem presented to these organizations is provided by the case of Harry Goldstein. His home environment was not of the best. The relaxed discipline there led him easily into a contemptuous attitude toward his school teachers. Truancy from school and boyish hero worship of gangsters with movie trimmings started him off. | His case {8 pretty well described in | the files of the Jewlish Board of Guard- ians by Mrs. Augusta Slesinger, direc- tor of a juvenile guldance bureau op- perating in the most thickly congested quarter of New York’s lower East Side. Started With Truancy. Young Goldstein's father was a pants presser earning $18 a week. His mother suffered from a chronic disease and was unable to take care of Harry and his five brothers and sievers. One day Harry, then 16, made the acquaintance of a boy 18 while playing truant from school. This boy was ambitious to qualify as a gangster. He regarded Goldstein as a promising recruit for his gang. He pointed out the simplicity with which “‘easy money” could be obtained with- out working. He said that “only the boobs get caught.” He proved to be so plausible that voung Goldstein listened to him, with the result that he was sent to a pro- bationary school, although no crime had as yet been ftted on him. The charge was merely “persistent tru- ancy.” Further bad conduct was responsible for young Goldstein's commitment to the Jewish Protectory. There he made the ‘acquaintance of Harry Spivak. When he was released young Gold- stein started on a better course and School, the department of business practice, or the Armstrong Technical High School, except graduates of the eighth grades of the elementary schools of the District of Columbia will be examined by the high school sdmission board at the Dunbar High School, September 16 and 17. between the hours of 2 and 5 pm. The hoard will assizn pupils to the examinations if necessary. The requirements for admission to first y es are the same as out- Iined ahove for white high schools. Junior High and Night Schools. The junior high schools will open Monday. Application for admission &hould be made for the junior high for white pupils at the (Columbla Junior ¥ h School, venth and O ‘treets: the Hine Junior High School, Seventh and Pennsylvania avenue the Langley Junior High md and T streets north- Macfarland Junior High lowa avenue and Varnum the Powell Junior High School, and the School, Sixth and D streets southwest: and for the colored schools at the Shaw Junior High School, First and M streets, and the Randall Tunior High School, and T stre southwest Night schools will open Monday evening. October 4. Details will ap- pear later. Meeting of Officers and Teachers All supervising principals will meet eachers at 1030 a.m. September 17, t the following buildings: Division 1, Curt School: divisions 2, 4 and 8, t Thomson School: division 3, « J r High School: division MeKinley Technical High School vision 6, at Ludlow School; division | School ision 9, at School: divisions 10 and 11, ‘hool; division 12, at a ion 13, at the igh School normal schools will shers September 17, as ormal, 2 p.m.; Minor School, east: the School Junior High Princip: meet the follows: Wilson Normal, 11 a.m. Principals senior will meet their teachers at 9 p.m., with the f - at schools smber 17, =z excep- . and Arm- high high schools t 10:30 a.m. Septem The charge of perintendent, in supervision of des 1 to 6. will meet all teachers des 1 1o 4 who are new to grade or system ranklin Administration Build at 2:30 p.m. September 17 r of primmary instruction new to grade or ystem of g ) 4 in division 10 to 13, at the Minor Normal School at 2330 p.m., September 17. Meeting of Directors. of directors with thei will be held September 17, rten, divisions . 2 p.m.; divisions 10 1:30 p.m.; domestic to 9, Morse, 10 divisions 10 to 13, Mott, 9 a.m.; divisions 1 to 9. Berret, ons 10 to 13, Mott, 11 divisions 1 to 8, Ber- ns 10 to 13, New pal training, divi 10 am.; divisions will meet Meeting m mestic art pm.: divi Bell, 1 glons 1 to 9. Abbot, 10 to Simn training, division: am; di 10 to er Nor- mal, 10:30 a m.: mature study, divi gions 1 to 9 . 10 a.m.; divisions 30 0 13, A 11 am.; music, @ivisions 1 to 9, Berret, 10 a.m.; divi. | gions 10 to 13, Sumner, 10 a.m. Principals of the following schools will meet their teachers as indicated Margaret Murray Vocational School, 11 a.m.; Phelps Vocational School, at £:30 am. 1 Just a Little Saved. From the Stray Stories Magazine Hoop—Why do they cail a wvife his “beiter hal i Hersey—To Keep her from thinking ! man’s ‘s the whole thing. {our influence he will be safe. If every he made $12 a week as a salesman. His mother became ill and needed an operation. Then Spivak showed up. To him Goldstein related his troubles. Goes After “Easy Money.” “What do you want to work for?" asked Pivak. T'll show you how to make some easy money. There ain’t a chance of us getting caught. Take this gun. Just point it at the boob I show vou and we'll get some coin. We'll make $150 easy.” The two youths entered a store, held up the owner, robbed the till and turned to flee. Then Goldstein lost his head and struck the shopkeeper with the pistol, gravely injuring him. The boys were caught and Goldstein was sentenced to five years in Elmira. The judge wanted to send him to Sing Sing, but Mrs. Slesinger's pleas pre- vailed. The boy was sent to the re- formatory in the hope of saving him from becoming an habitual criminal. He is in the reformatory now. Goldstein’s brother, when he en- tered school, was placed by the Jewish Board of Guardians among a group of voung boys getting special attention in an effort to save them from crime. “It is a matter of grave concern to us to save as many of these young boys as we can,” Mrs. Slesinger says. “The crime situation is not only bad; it is cumulative. Goldstein's brother feels the disgrace brought upon his family. He is open to the same evil influences which led to his brother’s crime. Proper Influence Vital. “We are attempting to advise and guide him. As long as he stays under child in a similar situation could have the protection of some social organiza tion the harmful effects of modern urban life might be neutralized, and, the causes for crime being removed. the situation would brighten at once. the real effects of such worl as ours will only begin to be felt when the children under our in- fluence grow up to lead decent lives instead of drifting into criminal ways. There are, however, any number of practical things which could be done \t once to relieve the difficulties these children suffer under. ‘According to Mrs. Slesinger, one of the chief shortcomings of New York life from the point of view of children | in the poorer districts is lack of proper recreation. 1 “This condition is particularly true in the Bronx,” she says. “In that horough there are 800,000 people and | not enough proper recreational cen- | ters for half that number. Instead | of decent meeting places, reading | rooms, clubrooms, dances, partles and games for the children, there are | movies and cheap dance halls where | the hip flask is alway Environment Perilous. “Also there are automobile joy rides, | which often enough end in accidents | of one kind or another. The whole mental and moral atmosphere of that type of amusement is degenerating in | its effect and unless it is improved | we can expect the poor quarters of the city to continue producing thou- | sands of petty or major criminals each year.” ! Social workers frequently find that | the boys who drift Into criminal pur-| suits come of families in which | feeble-mindedness has long been re sponsible for maladjustments of one | cort or another. The part plaved by mental underdevelopment, neurotic constitutions and insanity of one sort or another in developing the crim- inal is only now being studied sci entifically. In connection with this side of crime, the tendency to plead insanity in sensational murder cases has been criticised by experts of all types. The trials of Roland B. Molineux, Harri. | con Noel of New Jersey and Loeb and | Leopold in Chicago are instances of the use of an insanity plea to escape the death penalty. Insanity Pleas Tricky Under the present New York crim code the defense attorney opens | his case immediately after the prose- | cutor presents his tvideace. At this point he enters the plea of insanity. " in evidence. |§ F CRIMINAL BEING STUDIED TO FIND CURE |Heredity, Environment and Other Influ-| ences of Great Significance—Individual Says Psychologist. The prosecution’s case, built on the umption that this was an ordinary murder, is completely upset by the surprise plea. Critics suggest that the defendant he required to make his 4 of insanity at his arraingnment. Another suggestion is that the 1dgze be required to order the con- finemeht of the defendant in a State hospital for 30 days after the plea is made. There he couta be observed by the State's experts in an effort to test the validity of his plea. The employment or high-priced alienists in criminal trials is resorted to by the wealthy criminal in an ef- fort to evade justice. g The Loeb-Leopold case, which brought into the Chicago courtroom a whole battery of mental experts, is an example of the uses to which alien testimony is put. It is the practice of the defendant resorting to an insanity plea to hire the best expert opinion he can afford. he State, on the other hand, sum: mons its own staff of mental scien- tists Neutral Experts Urged. Aside from the fact that the average layman cannot begin to comprehend what the alicnis moments is talking about, there is the auestion of the value of the experts’ testimony in view of the fee§ paid em. Prominent psychoanalysts are men of great earning power and do not give their time to murder defens unless they are well pald. The e perts in the Loeb-Leopold trial were paid about §100,000 by the defense Other allenists have obtained propor- t onately greater sums for their serv- ices. Severa' weeks ago the American Psychiatric Association met in New York and one of its committees took up the question of alienists as trial experts. Dr. Karl A. Menninger of Topeka, Kans., was chairman of this committee, which included Dr. William A. White of St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Dr. William Healy of Boston and Dr. Bernard Gluck of New York, all of whom testified at the LoebLeopold trial. The committee suggested that the practice of opposing sides hiring mental experts to appear at criminal trials be done away. Instead, they would have the presiding judge aj point a neutral expert from a list fur- nished by the Psychiatric Association. The expert would be paid by the State and hence his testimony might be more unbiased than under the present system. The committee of psychiatrists also suggested the substitution of curative treatment of criminals for prison pnn- ishment and the appointment of resi- dent psychiatrists in courts and penal institutions. CHAPTER II. The contribution to_the symposium on crime conditions given below wa:’ furnished on"reqiieat by English Baghy. hrofessor of sychology at the University of North Caro- v‘pnlf:lt.;“d recent lecturer at Columbia Uni- “Many lawyers, prison officials and laymen,” said Prof. Bagby, “take the attitude that the causes of crime are unimportant. Thelr theory is that if sufficient deterrents are provided crime will stop. Unquestionably, the legal system needs improvement. There are any number of loopholes through which the criminal escapes, and these must be closed. But most important of all for the permanent solution of crime is a proper understanding of how crime happens.” Prof. Bagby expressed disagreement with the older schools of criminology, which attempted to isolate a single cause of crime and trace its workings in every violation of the law. Lom- broso’s theory of a ‘“‘race of criminals™ and other one-cylinder interpretations of crime have been thrown into the discard. Modern students offer no formula of causes, but take the view that any of a thousand possible causes may have brought about the crime. Four Crime Factors. “There are four general factors,” Prof. Bagby said, “which may result in criminal activity. The heredity of the criminal is the. first factor. Another is the training and experience throughout his life down to the very commission of the crime. The third factor is the actual condi- tion of his nervous system at the mo- ment of the crime, and, finally, there is the external situation in which he happens_to find himself. types of in_his most expert | T that between 25 and 50 per cent of ; the convicted criminals throughout the country are hereditarily feeble- minded. | “The signi of this fact is les- | sened when one realizes that only the less intelligent criminals are caught. | But feeble-mindedness is still an im-| portant matter to be considered. Many criminals carry an hereditary neu-i | rotic taint which makes them inevit- | ably problem cases. Glandular disor- ders, which are hereditary, also play an important part in crime. Needs Moral Checks. Prof. Bagby, in discussing crime from the point of view of the crim- inal's nervous systemi..pointed out | that many crimes are committed un- der the influence of drugs, alcohol, in | a state of mental and physical ex- | haustion or in delirium. | “The lack of moral training is an | extremely important cause of crime,” he said. “Morality serves the pur- | pose of a check on anti-social tend- | encies which crop up in all of us from time to time. If the individual | has not been taught the proper moral checks he commits a crime. Prohi- bition has caused a break in morality that has led to much criminal activ- ity. Teaching crime to children, either accidentally or deliberately, i8 entirely too general.” Prof. Baghy indicated two other de-’| fects in the training of citizens which help lead to crime. One is the lack of vocational training, which leaves men subject to severe economic fluc- tuations. Economic Discontent. The trained worker is always sure of a regular salary and is contented | The untrained man experiences pe- | riods in which he has too much money and other periods in which he has too little- money. When the latter occurs he is dissatisfied, since he remembers the period when he en- joyed himself more. The effect of this frustration and finally crime. This | oceurs very frequently, according to | Prof. Bagby, in cases where men on | purely automatic jobs spend their time day-dreaming. The effects of radical propaganda, combined with this day-dreaming, create fantasies of hostility against the so-called capi- talist class and result in criminal ac- tivity. “One extremely important factor,” Prof. Bagby said, “is the cultivated disrespect for the police and courts The newspapers and movies, as a re- sult of jokes, cartoons and stories ex- posing police inefficiency, remove from the minds of many fear of the police. Bars “Crime Wave” Talk, “All the talk about ‘crime waves,’ which never really exist, has a direct effect on Increasing crime. When a few crimes occur and the criminals icape, the newspapers print big stor- i ‘When the police turn some un- usually clever trick in apprehending a man it is ignored. The criminal should be made to know that he will be caught. There should be no talk of ‘crime waves’ to encourage further crime.” The immedi is discontent, e situation surround- ing a crime deserves a great deal of study, according to Prof. Bagby. He pointed out that occasionally crimes resulting from extreme provocation are treated unjust On the other hand, because of inadequate policing or other factors, the opportunity for crime is often given and a crime oc- curs which would never have hap- pened if the difficulties in the way had been greater. Questioned regarding the responsi- bility of criminals, Prof. Bagby re- plied that “the criminal is never to be vegarded as responsible for his crime.” No Individual Blame. he said, “is the result of his heredity, his training, his nerv- ous condition and the immediate sit- uation. There is no free choice about crime from the point of view of the psychologist. By this T do not mean to say that criminals are not to be punished. T mean they are not to be punished out of revenge or because they are respon- sible. “They should be punished in every case when it Is to soclety’s advantage to punish them. The Loeb-Leopold case is an example of a crime where the punishment of the criminals would have a tremendous social value. From that aspect alone they should have been hange: “But where it will do society no zood to punish a man, as in the case of a crime committed under the stress of unusual emotional conditions, pun- ishment is foolish. If another man gets into the same situation in the same emotional condition he will com- mit the same crime regardless of how many men have been punished before him. “Punishment is apparently doing no good. The number of second, third, fourth and even tenth offenders would seem to indicate this. If the criminal Prof. Baghy quoted figures to showis of the incurable type he should not BSOLUTE purity of ingredients and perfect sterilization makes EVERFRESH the ¢VERFRESH CTRATE or MAGNES: Sold only in non- returnable bottles by all good Drug. ideal: system-toning health beverage. eVERFRE |t eNEST | Individuality in Furniture Annual September Piano and Furniture Sale Beautiful Cogsv_v.ell Chair Worth $75.00 Chairs. the finest construction. $35.00. Special... at De Moll's One of Our Sept. Sept. Specials be punished, in the ordinary se the word, but restrained for life. “In many cases proper vocational training of a criminal would give him the means of raising his standard of living and would cut down the drive toward crime “When a man’s inherited capacities are normal and his training is poor he should be retrained. In the case of a feeble-minded person who finds it easier to adjust himself to life by petty thefts than by working eight hours a | day, he should be restrained and segregated for life. In addition, the feeble-minded should be sexually seg- regated to prevent reproduction among them. “Most important of all to bear in mind is the fact that each must be treated individuaily There are no general formulae in dealing with crimes or with the treatment of erim- inals. Retaining, for example, not be of general character, but speci fic and related to the individual's pe culiar needs. Until we give up treat- ing criminals as a mass and take them case by case, investigating the causes of their criminality in detail and pro viding individual punishments or remedies, we cannot hope to solve the situation in any permanent sense.” (Continued Tomorrow.) (Copyright. 1026.) BOBBED-HAIRED BANDIT SCHOOLED IN LONDON By the Associated Press LONDON, September 14.— The bobbed-haired bandit and other types of the woman criminal, who have been operating iwith increasing frequency in London recently, are declared by investigators to belong for the most part to a well organized feminine rob- ber gang, recruited and trained by a master mind—an ex-convict known as “Limehouse Lizzie. These girls, recent additions to the criminal element, are usually well edu. cated, of the “girl-about-town by day and crook by nighi’ type. “‘Limehous daring of London’s criminals, is cred- ited with scouring the West End for suitable material &nd then training them in a “crime academy” in the East End, the exact location of which is a mystery. Scotland Yard, focal point of Eng- land’s crime detection system, admits it has a problem on its hands in deal- ing with the feminine crime wave, which has developed in many recent cases of burglary, house breaking. frauds on_merchants, note forgeries, hold-ups, blackmail and other forms of law breaking. Numbers of these activities are attributed to pupils of “Limehouse Lizzie's” school. must | | | | | | | | | Lizzie,” described as one of the most | Which could be centralized by reduc- DUE FOR REVISION Secretary Work to Ask Amendment of Statutes Enacted Half Century Ago. By the Associated Press. A revamping of the Federal laws dealing with public lands, many of which have been on the statute books for more than half a century, will be recommended to Congress at its next session by Secretary Work, whose experts are trying to determine what steps should be taken to meet present day conditions. This was disclosed today in a fore- word by the Interior Secretary to a pamphlet which listed the depart- ment's unexpended balance from ap- propriations for the three years ended June 30 last at $43,805,105. The sav- ing last year was placed at $8,710,033. The department was described as the ‘“custodian of our fast disappear- ing natural resources.” The public domain, Dr. Work sald, has graz- ing value, but there are inadequate laws with which to “safeguard it from exhaustion and protect the small holder from the large live stock owner."” “Our oil deposits,” he asserted, “are being skimmed. Native timber has been largely dissipated. We are ad- vised that 10 vears from now we will realize a timber shortage, and 15 vears later a lumber famine.” Dr. Work sald that enactment of legislation providing for a big dam on the Colorado River “seems propi- tious.” He declared that progress in Alaska was being retarded by “a multiplicity of Federal activities ing the number of executive depart- ments having supervision over the territory. San Salvador has passed a law that each colony of new houses for work- ing men must have at least 20 houses, any of which must not cost more than $5,000. 604-610 9th St. N.W, Daily, $1.00, $1.50, $2.00 $7 rooms. $6 weekly: $10.50 rooms, §14 with toilet, shower and lavatory. S ih Yoom.'80% more. Rooms ke Mothers. Such an erately of happiness. Jhie Homer L. Kitt BABY GRAND About Grand Pianos T is a matter of great interest to fol- low the apparently extraordinary changes in taste and design which un- derlie the design of pianos. 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