Evening Star Newspaper, September 11, 1926, Page 4

WILL TELL SECRET- | OF HALL MURDER Auto/ Couple to Disclose What - They Saw and Heard. By the Assbciatad Press | SOMERVILLE, N. J.. September 11. | —The heretofore guarded secret of what a man and woman in a parked automobile saw and heard the night the Rev. Edward Wheeler Hall and Mrs. Elenor Mills were murdered will be related some time after September 21 te a grand jury now in process of selection. A panel of 34 prospective grand 700 IN 1,000 CRIMINALS GO FREE OVER COUNTLESS PATHWAY Loopholes in Law and. In- efficiency Held Largely to Blame. Failure to Get Evidence and Jury Reluctance Aid Lawbreakers. Article V. BY LOUIS SEIBPLD. The average criminal has 700 ont of 1,000 chances of escaping punishment for his crime. This statement is based on conclusions drawn from a chart of jurors was drawn vesterday and thislj 990 cases coming to the attention of will be reduced to 23 before the body convenes. Meanwhile investigators are seéking additional evidence in sup- port of the story of Mrs. Jane Gibson. pig raiser. once rejected, byt now the basis for murder charges against the clergyman’s’widow, his brother-in-law and his widow's cousin. Two Break Long Silence. After four vears of silence. Ralph V. M. Gorsline, tryman, and Cathe- rine Rastall, choir singer, in the slain ractor’s church., have disclosed that thay were within 800 feet of the slay- the police and prosecuting agencies in New York City. Out of 1,000 arrests for felontes; only 300 found their way to State prisons. | Of these, virtually none will serve any- thing like the full term for which he was sent away, due to the system of commutations and compensation. Tt is almost impossible to enumerate every opportunity for the “killer and holdup man to escape punishment provided by law. Between the commis- sion of a crime and the door of the prison there are a thousand by-paths down which a criminal may slip to ing. and heard the four fatal shots. Tnvestigators today sought to learn | { these two new witnesses could verify Mrs. Gibson's identification of Mrs. Hall, Willie Stevens, her brother, #nd Henry De la B. Cdrpender. as present at the slaying. Yesterday the vestryman, who is married, and Miss Rastall said they were parked in the Jane only 10 or 15 minutes and left after they heard volces and shooting. Agreed to Say Nothing. Two days later, after the bodies were found, Gorslins said to her, “If 1 had turned my spotlight on them | we_might have seen something.” They agreed. they said vesterday. to say nothing of the experience. As Gors- ine explained it, I did not know it had any value for the State.” On advice of her pastor, Dr. Hall's successor, the girl recently changed her mind. BALMORAL CASTLE GIVEN MODERN FACILITIES Ladies Waiting lats Sonyer Shiver, as in Days of Queen Victoria. i in By the Associated Press / LONDON. September 11 -Ladies in waiting to Queen Mary no longer shiver miserably while on duty at Balroeral Castle, in Scotland, as they did W the days of Queen Victoria. The @stle has been modernized and the #tnister in attendance to the King nee@ls no longer to use his bed as a writing table”and his chimney as a | emoking room 1 The task of bringing the castle into | line with modern ideas of comfort and sanitation, starfed in King Ed- ward's reign. has just been com- pieted. Though the interlor furnish- ings are quite simple. the castle is homelike, and this vear. for the first | time, is not the uncomfortable. draughtriddled home which Queen Victoria regarded with such affection. The King ard Queen. who are| spending severa! weeks at Balmora). have known Deeside from childhood. sporting facilities appealing strong 10 the King. The Queen, whose in- terest in sport is not great. en the peace and quiet of the estate. She pays visits to personal friends nearb: The King goes grouse shooting dai “and often sits before a 1og fire in the'| hunting huts swapping stories with | his companions. 3 ROSS. NEGRO MURDERER. | GETS ANOTHER REPRIEVE Gor. DonnheyVStaylr Execution Un- | ti] September 18 to Permit Ap- peal to Higher Court. Re the Associated Pess COLUMBUS, ,September 11.—Gov Donahey again siaved the hand death yesterday and Emmanuel Ross. | Cleveland negro murderer, is jnsured another week o live. \ The chief executive granted Ross. | who was to be executed last night for | the murder of a Cleveland shopkeeper during a robbery of his place. a re- prieve until September 18, in con formity with a stay of execution zranted by the Cuvahoga County Court of Appeals Thursday, hut which had not reached Warden P. E. Thomas | of the penitentiary until late vester- | day When the governor was informed bf the warden's intentions to proceed with the execution he got into com- munication by telephone with the Court of Appeals in Cleveland and re caived official verification from the lerk that a stay had been granted by the court in order to permit Ross' case being taken again to the Supreme Court for review on the question of whether Ross’ conviction was legal be. | cause he had not first been given a hearing in the Juvenile Court He is :lleged to have been only 17 vears o©ld when he committed the orime. Both the Common Pleas and Appellate Courts have held that it was not necessary to give him a hear- ing in the Juvenile Court, but the Su- preme Court will now pass upon the question, of | ALEXANDRIA. | 1 ! ALEXANDRIA. Va. September 11 iSpecial).—Plavgrounds of the city have closed after & successful season. Three were In operation—the Friends on the north side of Queen between Washington and Columbus streets, 1he Justus Schneider at the head of King street and the George R. Hill <t the residence of Mr. George R. Hill, 117 South Washington street. The of- Acials of the grounds desire to thank Mrs. Hill for the use of her grounds. Charles Dean. 10 vears old, grand- <on of Julian Bettis. has been missing <ince Wednesday afternoon from the residence of his grandparents and the rolice have been asked to ald in a search for him He was seen at 2 n'clock Wednesday. according to the police, attired in blue trousers and white shirt The work of registering pupils who will enter the public &chools for the first time at the coming session was ~ompleted by Supt. R. C. Bowten yes- terday afterncon. He also registerred new puplls. The schools will reopen September 16 Funeral services for John A. Cogan. who died Tuesday afternoon, will be held at 4 o'clock this afternoon at the residence of his sop. Allen Y. Cogan, 218 North Alfred street. and will be conducted by the-Rev. Dr. W. § Hemmond. pastor of the M. E. Church, South. Burial will be in the Methodist Protestant Cemetery. — Miss Lavonne Paliner of Mellette, €. Dak.. has 10 living grandparents. She has a great-great-grandmother, o great-grandmothers, 3 ‘great-grand- thers. 2 grandmothers and a grand- sather, in additien to her parents. | Sessions of !1he man engaged i liberty. Criminal lawyers are familiar with them all. Loopholes for Crook. Here are some of the ways the pro- fessional criminal can escape paying the penalty soclety desires to place on his crime: (1) The police tail to find ciues en- abling them to mhke an arrest. or, having made an arrest, fail to obtain evidence needed to make out a case. 2) Pressure, political ar otherwise. induces the arresting officer ta become vague when judge or grand jury asks him to elaborate the charges made in the misleading *'short affidavit.” (3) Prosecutor fails to get an indict ment. (4) The stolen goods are returned or the complainants hought off. ) Indictment s pigeonholed, quashed or'allowed to go cold $. The prosecutor fails to round up necessary witnesses at the trial, or, by incapability of one kind or another, loses his case. (1) A jury refuses to convict, some- times on the best of evidence, because of sentimentalism, prejudice, honest doubts or,corruption: 8) Incomplete identification records allow prisoner to pass as first offender and draw a suspended or light sen- tence. (9) The higher court reverses a vers dict on purelv technical grounds not affecting the merits of the case. (10) Leniency of the judge maw send the convicted man away for & short period or, even if the period Is long. pressure may be brought to bear on prison or parole officials. The sen- fence given by a judge is almost never served to its termination Juries Reluctant to Convict. All this presupposes sufficient finan- cial meampur political F'pull” or both, 1o hire an expert crintinal lawver. It the crook has these means, and he zenerally has or can get them, he has 700 chances out of 1,000 to go free, re- gardless of the evidence in the cage 'One of the greatest problems faced by the judicial branches of the Fed- oral. State and local governments is the unwillingness of jurors to bring in verdicts of guilty i A member of the Court of General New York City recently $1d to the writer in discussing this polnt: v opinion, the weak spot In our administration of the criminal law {5 nat so much in our police forceg or our prosecutors as in our jurles. “he, tendency of the American jury is ot Yo deliver a verdict according to t! . idence. but promounce a sort of judgment of Solomon. Much Shirking by Citizens. : rs of the district attorney’s qm'\;::}b;‘ew York and the other coun- ties comprising the greater city are Sonstantly registering _complaint againet the attitude of juriés. One as: ttorney said that “‘the istant district a Bl ullt is one result 0 duty by citizens.” The way another Sessions put it was s uties turn loose men whose guilt je clear; they want motion pictures of n the act of com- judge of General that “day after mitting crime Laxnees, stupidity. and even corruption i juries have resulted in demands the jury system be revised. and Conneoticut have made changes in the system, and reports from both indicate improved conditions. As far back as 1693 Maryland courts allowed accused persons to olect & trial by a judge alone instead of by a jury if they so desired Trial by Judges Alone. Chiet Justice Bond of that State save that *‘a docket of jury trials only would be something which Maryland lawyers could hardly conceive, and it would dismay them. tor it would slow down the court worl courts would have t cope with the work In the year 1924 more than 99 per cent of all criminal cases in Baltimore were tried by judges alone. Ten years ago 70 per cent of the cases were so tried each year. Baltimore. with a population of $00.000. has only two criminal courts. but there is no con gestion, verdicts are reached rapidly and generally more in accord with evidence than they are in this city. and the crime situation is conse quently less territying in Baltimore than in New. York Speeds Court Action. Sinces 1921 Connecticut has been dealing with 70 per cent of its crimi nal cases without juries, while juries are used in the remaining 80 per cent Connecticut lawyers estimate that a sentimentality on the part of that se muitiplied to | Sonjury case takes about one-third | the time of & jury rase and general satisfaction with verdicts is ex pressed. Further laxness in punishment is the result of legal provisions regard- ing prison terms. In the case of zambling, ‘the old law provided such harsh punishment that juries never would bring a verdict of guilty. The law has been amended to provide short-term sentences for common gambling, and more frequent convic- tions are expected to.result. The disparity in penalties is some- times striking. At a meeting of the Parole Board several months ago the writer saw two convicts come up for parole. One was a negro, who had stolen a ch worth $8. finishing Bis seventh vear in prison. The other was an East Side banker. who had defrauded his depositors to the tune of $158,000 after two years of imprisonment. Comparisons of this.sort are com-man, hunts up a magistrate or judge | corruption, grafting and even murder moner than imagined, and complaint nstantly made against the harsh- of judges in some cases and their leniency in others. both tending to ag- gravate diminish crime, Clemency Overworked. One of the greatest elements in the lax enforcement of punitive provisions of the law is administrative clemency The. growing tendency to release pris- oners before they have served a sub- stantial part of their prison term or to show them mercy in other ways is best illustrated by a comparison of fig- ures in New York State. In the decade preceding our satrance ? greatly and the | U. S. ATTORNEY BUCKNER. into the war. the governors of New York granted a total of 1,072 pardons, commutations, restorations to citizen- ship and respites. 1In the decade from 1916 to the close of last vear the gov- ernors of New York granted 2,831 such considerations. This is an increase of 170 per cent. A comparison by five-year periods shows a steady growth in the tendency to set aside sentences passed by crim- inal courts. From 1900 to 1904 there were. 571 such cases. The figure dropped to 380 in the next five vears, but from 1910-1914 it” leaped to 696. From 1914 to 1919 it reached 1,232, with a high-water mark of 1.342 in the five years just ended. Pardons Increased. While Charles E. Hughes was gov- ernor, between 1907 and 1910, he granted a total of 161 pardons, com- mutations, restorations to citizenship and respites. During four vears of Gov. Smith’s administration, 1¥19. 1920, 1923 and 1924, this figure had' been increased to 1.409, a growth of almost 1,000 per cent. Figures compiled by the secretary of State of New York also illustrate the laxness with which criminal laws are carried out. From 1910 to 1914 there were 632 convictions for homicide in New York State and 72 executions. From 1915 to 1919 there were 706 con. victions, but executions had dropped to 49. In the five-vear period ending last vear, homicide convictions increased to 728 and 64 men were executed. In 1924 21 men were convicted of first. degree murder, but only 4 wefe exe- cuted The business of glving bajl bonds in criminal actions {& undoubtedly re- sponsible for greater and more deeply penetrating corruption in the adminis- tration of criminal justice than any other existing factor. A few vears ago a bail bond of. {410,000 was accepted as the standard in most cases of burglary and robbery involving violence. While it continues to be 80, the pressure on judges to impose higher bail is growing, and $50.000 bail bonds are now not un- usual. The result of this is that the suspect’s overhead is five times what it was several vears ago. Bonus Demands for Bail. The legal rate for bail bonds is 3 per cent. crook in need of bail fs not faclined to insist on all his legal rights." He is usually called upon to pay a bonus to the bondsmen. Sometimes when com- petition 1s very keen this rate is cut, but not often. It generally figures out much higher. The bail bond industry thrives ac- tively in the vicinity of the magis- trates’ courts and not far from most police station houses. Wherever vou see the sign of a shyster lawyer en- gaged in practice in the petty crimi- nal courts you are sure to find the shingle of a professional bondsman ¥ A professional bondsman is a “wise uy. He knows his New- York. He knows the two worlds, the upper and the lower. He knows the politicians {and the police. He reads the papers. He maintains a speaking acquaint- ance with judges, assistant district attorneys, magistrates and the celeb- ritfes in the Police Department. The professional bondsman knows his business from the ground up. He is an affable, friendly type generally, except when it comes to business, A pawnbroker rarely makes a mistdke, but a professional bondsman makes even fewer. The mistakes the av- erage bondsman makes in a year can be counted on the fingers' of one hand. s Available at All Times. When it comes to business. the average bondsman who Jurks in the shadows of the police and magis~ trates’ courts and district attorney’s office adopts the motto, “Safety first! | He is a “swell dresser,” alert, furtive and vigilant. His business card 18 easily obtainable around any court or_police station. The professional crook and the crook’'s lawyer know where their favorite bpndsman' is to be.found at any hour of the day or | night. and the bondsman fs. quickly on the job. Fifty of the leaders engaged in the honding business handle on an av- erage of 3 cases a day. As some of the bonds written by them run as high as $40.000. their profits can be imagined. Their lezal fee calls for 3 per cent, which, on -the basis of $40.000. works out to a $1,200 profit. The original outlay of an arrested erook calls for $300 down on a $10,000 bond, plus ‘extras.” In many in- stances the lawyers who make a prac- tice of protecting criminals co-operate with the bondsmen on a percentage basis. They call it a “cut.” If a law- yer gets hold of a crook first, he makes arrangements with his co-operating bondsmen. If the bondsman get there first, he turns the crook over to his | lawyer friend. Business Organized. Before prohibition supplying bail bonds was a profitable side line of the corner saloonkeeper, who co-operated with district leaders of political or- ganizations possessing “influence with the fudge.” Now the bonding busi- ness has been taken over by organized companies or by citizens who own taxable property. There have been instances whers a man with a $4,000 equity in real estate assessed at $10,000 supplied bail bonds for half a dozen men at the same time. . The saloonkeeper’s trading assets usually comprised his bar and the furnishings of his back room. Before the recent reforms were ac- complished the practice of releasing He was [ prisoners on bail immediately after |ined or repealed, arrest was much more general than at present. If a prisoner is arrested when the magistrates’ courts are He was released | closed, he is taken o the Tombe. Then | prought about & shocking conditton of | hislawyer, accompanied by the bonds- At the latter's home and =ometimes on the golf links, with the result that the arrested crook is shortly released. “Incidental expenses” involved in the situatiop rather than |these activities sometimes run as high | about particular types of crimes which | a3 10 per cent of the bail bond. { Bail-Jumping Declines. | Of course, the bondsman must have some security. This he gets from the prisoner's friends or relatives. If the latter 45 not have the cash handy, they put’ up jewelry, automobiles, deeds to real estate and other articles of value, some of which might be de- scribed as the ““loot” by the prisoner himself. 2 = 1f the prisoner skips hh\nu the [ That is the legal rate, but a | | bondsman nas 0 aays in which to { pay. his forfeited bond. It was for- rly a year. Ball jumping is not as © an Industry now as it was a | few years ago, betause the: average | bondsman usually’ knows where to | get hold of his man or of friends through whom his man can be reach- ed. The hard-boiled criminal fears being caught by the bondsman more than he does by the police. The crook knows that the bondsman can shut every avenue of further protection against him. Some of the bonding companies do not allow their agents to issue bonds in certain types of cases, such as those of drug peddlers and addicts. This type of offender is regarded an extra-hazardous risk. When these companies decided on this policy theyx issued a statement saying they would | ‘co-operate with the police.” There is no avallable evidence the average bondsman will not write any | kind of policy the law allows and get | business in any way he can devise. | that CHAPTER 11 “‘Organized society in New York and other large cities is sitting on a powder keg and smoking a cigarett: ‘was United States Attorney Emory it Buckner's characterization in discuss- ing the crime situation with the writer. The United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York is considered to be in a pretty good posi- tion to know what he is talking about. Since his appointment to office, less | than two vears ago, Mr. Buckner has | been the outstanding figure among | the country’s Federal prosecutors. | His experiences have warranted sev- | eral definite conclusions. Mr. Buckner suggested as the first step in clearing up the crime situa- tion inr New York that Police Commis- sioner McLaughlin receive anything he wants in the way of increased po- lice and additional funds to run the department. “Since the crooks have automobiles attorney said, “we should give the commissioner all the automobiles he wants in which to pursue. Anything we give Commissioner McLaughlin is bound to be a good investment for this community.” Too Much Court Coddling. | Mr. Buckner agrees with other ex- perts whose opinions have been pre- | sented in this series of articles that one of the chief dificulties iy clearing up the present criminal situation comes from the “cumbersome and slow-moving legal machinery, with its constitutional limitations, which tend to give the criminal too much court coddling."” “After Commissioner McLaughlin catches a crook,” he eaid, “it is im- portant that the crook be tried swiftly and find himself in jail at the earliest possible moment. When Commissioner McLaughlin takes his hand off the collar of the crook and the court puts its hand dn that collar there should be no slowing up in the process of pul- ting him in Jjail. There has been much recent agitation over the ques- tion of bail for the professional crook. | Easy bail is even a_better getaway | than an automobile, because there is | none to pursue. The professional crook gets out on bail, jumps his bail, and continues crooked operations until caught again.” Wants Bench to Judge. According to Mr. Buckner, one of the most.glaring defects of the present system is'the fact that the judges are not permitted to tell juries what they think of the case. A proposal amend- ing this part of the procedural law was rejected by the last Legislature. In this connection Mr. Buckner said: “The judge on the bench has more experience with criminals than any one elss in the courtroom. District attorneys come and go, but the judge stays. Jurors are, of course, ignorant of the general problem and the usual worn-out, moth-eaten defenses. and vet, under our system, the one man in the courtroom who is best able to i give his views on the case is padlocked { Dy the law. Our State judges are not permitted to tell the\jurors what they think of the testimony. Society is not | getting its money’s worth when it pad- { focks the mouth" of its most experi- enced and most competent employe— the judge on the bench.” This is not the only legal flaw the TUnited States attorney has run up against in his attempt to put profes- | sional felons where thiey can no longer attack _society. ~The constitutional right of all accused persons to refuse to testify is pointed té by Mr. Buckner as another way of “‘doddling the crim- inal in court.” Shouid Force Testimony. “The defendant cannot be put upon the stand by the district attorney or by the judge and asked questions. He can stay off the stand and the judge is compelled to charge the jury not to conslder this against the defendant in any way. This blocks the effective prosecution of crime.” Mr. Buckner discussed the effect of prohibition on faw and order and the ‘part played by violators of the dry laws in the general crime situation. He sald: “When T took office the police com- missioner of New York was receiving complaints of liquor violations in New York City to the extent of 200.000 a year. The prohibition department was receiving thousands of similar com- plaints. I have n6t more than one- third of the time of one judge for pro- hibition cases, and every criminal case under the Federal system requires jury, ne matter how small the case may be.” The man who gets drunk can be sent to jail for six months for drunkenness by a police magistrate, but the waiter who sells him the liquor 18 entitled to a jury trial. Need United States Police Courts. “We need Federal peglice courts if we are to save the administration of the criminal law from completely breaking down. People shrink from this. Wayne B. Wheeler says that Senators and Representatives who are very friendly to strict enforcement oppose such a plan because inferior courts will mean inferior judges, be- cause these judges would be appointed | for life, and because such a system would impair the dignity of the United States courts. “In my opinion, it can never be undignified to enforce the law, and no honest judge charged with enforce- ment can be-an undignified figure. Non-enforcement is undignified. The present muddle is undignified, the failure to put the job through with all the power of the Government is undignified, but no Federal official or State official is undignified’” Mr. Buckner expressed the view that the United States has not suffi- clent well paid enforcement agents. He believes the problem could be made easier through to-operation be- tween Federal and State authorities in conspiracy, smuggling, interstate ship- ment and manufacture cases. He also | gave the following advice to the op- onents of Volsteadism: . “Tf they want the national law mod- , they should go at it in an orderly, American fashion— through the ballot box. The daily violation of the prohibition law has crfme. We hear of bribery, perjury. among the booilegges. “I do mot say and I have never said | that prohibiticn has increased crime. | 1 do not know the facts. I am'talking | are committed in connection with a [ violatlon of the prohibition law. The | present situation in New York City results in handsomely financing boot- leggers, bribers, gunmen and crooks.” (Copyrigbt. 1926.) (Continued Monday.) —_—— A spiral plunger, moving with each {mpulse of the piston, is intended to keep a new spark plug clean. in which to escape,” the United States [ ASYLUN INVATE SSTLL AT LARGE Wasrants Issued Charging Crowe With Assault and Also Carrying Weapons. Police throughout the District were still searching at noon today for Pat- | rick J. Crowe, who yesterday after- noon walked out of District Supreme Court, where he was to have a Jiear- ing on his commitrient to St. Eliza- beth's Hospital. Headquarters detec- tives have warrants charging Crowe with assault with a dangerous weapon and carrying concealed weapons. Summoned before Justice William Hitz yesterday for a consideration of habeas corpus proceedings brought by his attorney, on which a hearing on his mental condition was pending, Crowe took “French leave” and 4l appeared from the courthouse before his absence was noted. St. Elizabeth’s officials say he is dangerous. Threatened Secretary Weeks. In August, 1924, Crowe made threats, according to the hospital au- thorities, against Secretary of War Weeks and later visited the War De- partment carrying a pistol. He also is said to have made assaults on pa- tients after being taken to the hos- pital for mental observation. Crowe was released on habeas corpus a few weeks ago because his commitment by the War Department was illegal. He was at once rear- rested in the corridor of the court- house and recommitted to St. Eliza- beth’s for a hearing before a jury as to his mental c¢ondition. Another pro- ceeding ,in habeas corpus was sued out for his release and a woman rel- ative from New York offered to take the man in charge and remove him to the metropolis. Order Not Signed. Justice Hitz expressed from the bench his intention to sign an order freeing the man, but upon objection by Assistant United States Attorney O'Leary. the order was not signed. Later in the afternoon, when the matter came up, Crowe was found to have gone and Chief of Police Hesse was notified and directed the guarding of Union Station should he attempt to leave the city. Attendants from St. Elizabeth’s and the police are at variance as to who was in charge of the patient. The hospital attendants claimed that they had turned the man over to & policeman who was repregenting the District at lunacy hearings for a num- ber of patients. i L. ROCKVILLE. ROCKVILLE, Md., September 11 (Special).—Final preparations for the primary election in the county next Tuesday were made at a largely at- tended meeting here of Democratic or- ganization warkers from all parts of the county. Maj. E. Brooke Lee, chajrman of the Democratic State central committee for the county, pre- sided. Funds for hiring automobiles to haul voters to and from the polls were distributed and other arrange- ments made to get out a full vote of the friends of the candidates the or- ganization is supporting for the nu- merous nominations for office to be made. Reports from the various dis- tricts were to the effect that the or- ganization forces were in excellent shape. \ Henry P. Malicoat and Miss Rhoda A. Heaper, both of Washington, were married in Rockville by Rev. 8. J. Goode, pastor of the Christian Church, at the home of the minister. . Violaters of motor vehicle regula- tions have paid fines or forfeited col- laterals in the Police Court here as follows; Allen Moran, jr.; Walter G. | Carroll, Vernon Beard, Nelson D. Au- brey and Homer Holmes, $27.50 each; Daniel W. Budd, $12.50; A. L. Smith, H. L. Gottwalds, Robert Laughlin and ‘W. R. Dinquid, $10 each; H. Gandy, jr.; Carl Hagner and C. A. Wood, 0 each. Charges of highway robbery against Arthur Remus and Willlam Waugh of the vicinity of Kensington, this coun- ty, were dismissed by Judge Samuel Riggs in the Police Court here ves- terday. They were arrested at the in- stance of Vincent Marchetelli, a chef, and Orlando Catini, both of Washing- ton, who represented that the youths held them up near Chevy Chase Club at a late hour at night. A largely attended meeting of anti- organization Democrats of the county was held at Poolesville last evening. It was addressed by former State’s Attorney Albert M. Bouic, anti-or- ganization leader: Willlam L. Aud, candidate for the nomination for sheriff: Charles W. Woodward. can- didate for the nomination of State’s attorney, and others. Hopeful views of the prospects of the anti-organiza- tion candidates for the nominations to be made Tuesday were expressed by the speakers. The home of George F. Bonifant, near Colesville. was the scene of a similar meeting Thursday evening, when addressés were de- livered by Messrs. Bonifant, Bouic. Aud, Woodward, Enos C. Keys and others. o Licenses have been fssued by the clerk of the, Circuit Court here for the marriage of James H. Higgs, 34, and Miss Julia V. Robertson, 24, both of Raleigh, N. C., and Edward Wil- son, 33. of Richmond, Va., and Miss Ethel G. Jones, 32, of Washington. — = STADIUM BEING MADE OF SALVAGED LUMBER By the Associated Press. SAN ANTONIO, September 11.— Material salvaged from the barracks of old Camp Travis, near Fort Sam Houston. where thousands of troops trained during the World War. is belng used to construct the Fort Sam Houston Hippodrome, the largest stadium made of salvaged lumber in the country. All construction is being done by the 24 Engineers along plans devised by Col. Lytle Brown, former- 1y an instructor in the staff school at Leavenworth and one of the best known men in the Army. TAKING GERMANY IN .LEAGUE “EPOCH IN HUMAN DESTINY" Unforgettable Scene When War Memories Are Buried in Briand-Stresemann Ple BY SIR PHILIP GIBBS. By Cable to The Star. GENEVA, September 11.—When Germany was received as a member of the League of Nations the scene in that plain and ugly hall where the assembly meets was lifted far above its commonplace aspect by a spiritual otion, which stirred all the dele- gates and spectators, and gave 2 sense of greatness and historical meaning to this solemn act among the nations of the world. All little episodes of recent contro- versy, all intrigues and small prides and jealousies were forgotten. It was one of those moments in his- tory, happening rarely through cen- turies, when men are conscious that some act of theirs marks a new epoch in human destiny, and for good or evil will shape the future of mankind. For a little while in that assembly every man and woman present was aware that this entry of Germany into the council of na- tions, sitting on equality with those who were her enemies, pledged to co-operation in. the work of world peace, received fraternally by those who not long ago were allied against her in a deadly conflict, gives a new hope to the common people of the world, raises a new faith in human progress and holds out a promise of life to generations yet unborn. Hall Crowded for Event. If that is falsified, then all is lost. Visitors from all the countries of Europe, including many women, sat in the wooden galleries above the body of the hall where the delegates took their places a half hour before the assembly opened. Hundreds of others, unable to obtain seats, stood on each side of the presidential tribune. Many persons of different nationalities shook hands warmly, as though some persdnal joy had need of expression. . Outside the people of Geneva crowded the streéts to see the Ger- man delegation enter for the frst time. They were absent when Pres- ident Nintchich " took his chalr. President Nintchich rose and spoke in very formal words, announcing that the credentials of the German delegates had been examined and approved. It seemed to me a strangé coincidence that this Serbian. whose people had been first to receive the ultimatum of war, should now pre- side over this ceremony which calls Germany to co-operate in the work of world peace. A long. pale-faced, dark-eyed man, somberly dressed in black, he remained silent for a mo- ment before stretching out his hand and turning toward the door on his left side. 4 “I will now call ‘upon the dele- gates of Germany to take their places ST us.”, he said slowlv and with digniy. For several seconds we waited and it seemed a long time. Then through the lane of the on- lookers crowded about the doorway the German delegation, led by Herr Stresemann, made thelr appearance, and instantly volleys of clapping rose with deafening noise trom all parts of the assembly. Applaud Despite Warning. Visitors had been ordered to avold all demonstration. but that order was _utterly disregarded and tre- mendous applause long maintained came from the gallerfes. Herr Stresemann was intensely pale as he advanced to his seat and his emo- tlon was visible . On the previous night I had heard him describe how many difficulties and how many prejudices and pas- sions he had had to overcome in his own country in order to obtain German congent to take part in the League of Nations. Ever since the war I have studied the mentality of Germany and its confiict between || a spirit of revenge and this League spirit of international good will in the cause of peace. Stresemann had to struggle against a wounded pride and a deep-seated suspicion of nationalist tradition be- fore he could bring his people to this council of nations which had ap- peared so often as a council of vic- tors. Now all that drama must have been in the mind of that little bald- headed man with a frock coat butten- ed tightly around ’}Is plump little body as he heard that/uproar of welcome and applause. ‘While President Nintchich spoke his welcome in formal phrases describing this entry of another great European power as a happy augury of a peaceful future for the countries which had been most sorely tried by war, Herr Strese- mann sat, glancing around on that crowded hall, twisting and untwisting his hands with nervous tension. First German Speech There. Several times he mopped his shin- ing head with his silk handkerchief as though overcome by heat, but when the president called upon him to speak he advanced to the tribune will full command of himself and his voice rang out clearly and sharply. It was the first time that the German language had been heard in the as- sembly of the League, but there were many who understood it. Sir Austen Chamberlain, in his light suit, leaned forward listening intently. This day was one of personal triumph for him because it assures the passing of the Locarno pact, which is his crowning work as a British statesman. Briand of France, knows no word of German, but he sat there, hunched up in his chair, watching that German orator thought- fully. In Briand's soul also there must have been a remembrance of recent history not ten years old. Now and again, . as Stresemann paused in his speech. applause broke out from separate groups, and this enthusiasm seemed to encourage him because his voice strengthened and e gave rather noble emphasis to one fine passage of oratory. 1t was when he spoke of the Divine Architect of the World not creating mankind as one homogeneous whole but in separate nations with different qualities and characteristics and tongues. But he said it cannot be the purpose of divine world power that men should direct their supreme dges of: Pc.acefuli Aims. national energies- against each other. thus ever thrusting back the Geneva prog of civilization. “He will serve humanity best who, firmly rooted in the faith of his own people, so develops his moral gift that he oversteps his own national boundaries and serves the whole of mankind as only those great men have done whose names are written in the history of mankind,” he de- clared. He gave his pledge on behalf of Germany that they would do their best to co-operate in this high ideal, which he .said was becoming more deeply rooted in the conscience of the German people. It was a fine and brave speech, rewarded by a great ovation from the whole of the as- sembly. Yet it was Briand of France who stirred the emotion of us all in an unforgettable way. In repose he ig a rather ordinary old gentleman, with long hair and hunched shoulders. In any street he would pass unnoticed. But when he mounted the platform and after his first few words his whole per- sonality changed and he became in- vested ‘in dignity. It was a great orator who spoke to us. It was-a man with a beautiful, rich voice sounding the full range of human expression. It was a man with poetry in his heart and some touch of spiritual fire and a wonderful gift of gesture, intonation and noble eloquence. One understood his spell upon the people of France.” He held us hanging upon his words which brought into that bare hall of Geneva memories of wars, dark horrors of world forces in confiict with human hopes and de- spairs and ideals. Many times he turned towards Herr Stresemannand with outstretched hand spoke to him personally—addressed him as though the whole German people sat behind him and touched Lis.own breast when he spoke of France. \ Scores Critics of League. Once he cried out with a kind of irony when he spoke of cynics and critics of the Leéague of Nations who prophesy its death periodically. “What do they think' of this happen- ing today?” he asked. “Is it not profoundly moving and comforting that only a few years after the most frightful war that has ever ravaged the world. when even now the blood that soaked the battleflelds is hardly dry, the same nations who hurled themselves against each other should meet in this peaceful assembly and share their common will to col- laborate in the work of universal peace?” His vofce rose like a trumpet when with a magnificent gesture of sound- ing the cease-fire command he bade retreat to rifles and guns and machine guns and cried, “Forward. concilia- tion, arbitration, peace. These words read coldly in print. They lose their rhythm and sound _ when translated into English. In French, las Briand spoke them, they thrilled us with a kind of spiritual shock. Turning to- the representatives of Germany again, he spoke of their country and his own in the pages of history. On the fields of battle they bad harvested enough of glory. They had given sufficient proof of heroism. Now they could seek, other forms of success In other flelds. Difficulties between France and Germany had not disappeared because the repre- :finmflvos of bgth countries found emselves . in- the . be: Geg‘exv& - the) autiful city of t the wiil on both sides to solve those difficulties by conciliation would prevent another conflict between 4th TERRACE HOE their two countries. If. however, they cams to Geneva in the guise of champions of their own countries. militant, nationalistic and egotistical, then that conflict would not be avoided. Briand's volos quivered with pas. sion and horror when he o*uund up the grim alternative. “That,” he sald, “is the way of blood. It goes back to the past littered with dead bodies, desolation, ruin, horror and despair.”” With his hand outstretch- ed he vowed that France would not work in such spirit or travel back “| along that road. I give only a glimpse of Briand's oration. It is the finest I have ever heard in all my life. It will remain in the pages of history. sage to all humanity. moist eyes among those delegates of the nations who knew what war meant, who today were consclous of the armies of dead vouth, the great ghost armies of the world's most noble bovhood trudgingfalong that dreadful road of blood which Briand had made visible again in frightful remembrance. “Never must the world go back along that road. Never shall we gn back along that way if the spirit of this assembly in Geneva today pre vails over their future work.’ Briand Given Great Ovation ‘The whole assembly rose and cheer- ed Briand. Sir George Foster of Canada sprang from his seat and led the cheers. From the galleries the ap plause was tempestuous. It was the greatest day in the history of the League, Germany's ent®™egher place of honor, this welcome from France, this exaltation of human idealism among the assembly. The men who are shaping our future rebuke all cynics and raise great hopes. The League may have many storms ahead. The crisis may and will arise testing its strength and sincerity. Na tional ambitions will light dangerous fires. In this League itself there are latent passions and. conflicts which are only postponed a Ifttle while. Ger many's entry will not lead to quiet history in the League, but will raiss many. burning questions and -let 1oose many. violant controversies. That will not matter to mankind if what Briand said today' and what Stresemann promised .with upraised hand is pledged again in the souls of the pen ples of the world. (Coprricht. 1026.) “ETON CROP” HAIR CUTS DENIED TO WAITRESSES London Caterer Says Nothing Makes Girl Look Worse if Ears and Head Are Ugly. By the Associated Press. LONDON, - September 11.—Cafes must be as careful about the appear ance of their waitresses as modistes are about their mannequins, and as many girls cannot possibly look smart with an Eton crop the mana- ger of a great London catering con- cern has decreed that the women in his employ must not have their hair cropped. “Some girls look all right with their hair cropped, but others are a tright,” declared the manager. “Con- cequently we have decided to make the universal rule that the Eton crop is mot to appear in our stafts There {s nothing in the world uglier than a girl with bad ears and a badlx shaped head when she has her hair cropped. 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