Evening Star Newspaper, July 18, 1926, Page 33

David C. Graham, Visiting in U. S. From Western China, Brings Rich Colltctions. That service in the increase of knowledge is no sinecure is revealed by the experiences of David C. Gra- ham, volunteer collector of natural history objects) for the Smithsonian Institution in China, who is at present in this country on leave. For the past six years Mr, Graham has been col Iécting marhmals, birds, insects, rep tiles, crustaceans, mollueks, archeo- logical and ethnological material in the Province of Szechwan, China. During this time he has had to face the dangers attendant upon civil war, bandits have forced him to flee for his life, superstition has driven him empty-handed out of rich collecting flelds and he has skirted precipices with nothing but a 3-foot path be- tween him and a 6,000-foot drop. In spite of all these dangers and ob- stacles, Mr. Graham has gathered to- gether and’ sent back to the Smith- sonian rare and valuable specimens running into the thousands. Lack of funds has prevented the institution from making intensive studies of all the material sent in, but what work been done has already shown the collections to contain five new kinds of reptiles never described before, four kinds of flies, four new birds and be- tween 100 and 200 new kinds of moths and butterfiles, * Trained Native Assistant. As a result of Mr. Graham's work, the Smithsonian is obtaining the most extensive natural history collection from western China existing in this country. Hitheyto America has had practically nothing from western China. It was that fact which in- duced Mr. Graham to undertake to ocollect in his province, He was con- stantly meeting nationals of European countries’ collecting for their muse- -ums, and as Szechwan is very rich from a natural history point of view, he felt that American science also should be represented. Mr. Graham is able to devote full time to collecting only in the Sum- mer, but he has engaged and trained & native collector who works all the vear round, and he takes advantage of every opportunity for field work himself. On his return to Szechwan he plans to increase his staff of na- tive helpers to three or four. - The archeological material which dar. Graham brought back with him for the Smithsonian includes a series of specimens showing the evolution of the burial of sacrificial objects with the dead. In the early history of China it was customary to kill serv- ants and bury them with the master S0/ that they might serve him in the spirit world. 1In time this was recs ognized as too barbarous a custom, and sculptured heads of clay were substituted for living sacrifice. ~ At first these objects were unglazed, but as the Chinese learned glazing from the, Western world they began bury- ing glazed heads, not only of people, but of chickens, cattle and other ani. | mals. Paper Sacrifices Offered. later thiey started. burying paper money with the dead to finance their journey -through . the _spirit world. -This suggested to the Chinese that paper people, as well as paper houses, carriages and whatever other conveniences might be found useful in the hereafter, would do just as well as the real thing. So now it is the custom at a Chinese burial to burn paper models of the conveniences of iife beyond the grave. 8 Another interesting gift from Mr. Graham is a wool cape with a flowery \ design done by the aboriginal Miao on, the edge of Thibet. It is believed that this cape is the only miuseum specimen of this work in existence. A horsehair switch and a long miniature spade, used by the Taolst priests for ridding the air of demons, were also brought back by Mr. Graham. " FLOUR SOMETHING ELSE. Department of Agriculture Changes First Definition. The Department of Agriculture has changed its mind on the answer to the question, “What is flour? The amended definition, published yesterday, described it as ‘“a fine, clean, sound product made by bolting wheat meal.” “It contains not more than 15 per cent of moisture,” the description con- tinued, “not less than 1.25 per cent of nitrogen, not more than 1 per cent of ash and not more than 1 per cent of fiber.” The “‘moisture” represents the loss in weight from drying by the vacuum method, a8 compared with the former limit of 13.5 per cent of moisture de- termined by the less accurate water oven method. Btill Learning by 3 One of the factors that keep Smith eternally interested in radio is his habit of experimenting. He does not think for & moment that the ideas he gets have not been thought of by the great minds that have given us the electrical marvels of the day, mor does he care if others think he is ex- perimenting with things that already have been “discovered.” Smith has his gwn discoveries to make if he ever is to. grasp the significance of this great new science and enter- tainment. This explains why he has been ex- perimenting with his radio set in com- bination with his phonograph. He had noticed the development of the elec- tric phonograph and had been won- dering what it is all about. Going to 2 music store he found that records are. being played electrically as well as mechanically. In the néw instru- ment a needle picks up vibrations from the records in the usual way, but beyond that it aW is different, Smith stepped around to the rear of the machine and noticed several power tubes and a transformer or two. The music was coming from a regular cone loud speaker, although it was concealed in such a way as to appear like a regular phonograph horn. An hour after inspecting the new instrument Smith was home playing over his records and trying to get-the final output through the ear phomes instead of the phpnograph hern. Experiment Unsuccessful. The experiment was fruitless upon the first attempt, but like true in- vestigators and pioneers he im- mediate plans for a second attempt, casting ‘all thoughts of failure aside. Smith knew that by holding a nee- dle, a pin or any other sharp-pointdd device to the grooves of a phono- graph record and allowing the latter to revolve at about 80 revolutions a minute sounds would be reproduced identical with those impressed upon n‘n r:cord. 1;‘he cor:!dnlrul:;ly sim- ple_phonograph reproducer then am- plifies and gives the reproduced sounds or vibrations their proper values. To a certain extent this is a matter of utilizing the principle of the lever, as any one will note by exam- ining & reproducer. A metal or mica diaphragm gives. the vibrations to the air as does a telephone, only in the latter it is the variations in the elec- trical current passing through the tiny electro magnet that does the ‘work. From this Smith-concluded that it would be necessary to substitute a telephone reproducer instead of an| acoustic type if anything was to be done along lines of electrical repro- duction of records. He remembered that the reproducers of the electric phonographs were magnet shaped. So Smith tried to convert one of the ear phones iInto a magnetic re- producer, using a s metal dia- phragm which he had taken from a phonograph reproducer. This had the needle holder and lever already at- tached. Suddenly, however, he real- ized that he was building a sort microphone, and the realization that it would be necessary to pass a cur- rent through such a device impressed him as being a little too much for his rather limited skill in this line. Still, he was learning. Learning by experimenting. It gave him a new picture of the microphone. He could see that when sound vibrations are impressed upon a diaphragm through which a current is passing, that cur- rent is modified. This current can be made to modify an immensely strong- er cuyrent, as is the case in radio transmission. . Picking Up Vibrations. In a regular microphone, or a tele- phone receiver, vibrations are carried by air waves. In the electric phono- graph they are carrjed by the needle, which also serves to pick up the vi- v | brations at the correct rate from the = e T L " “Now,” said Smith, as: he complet- ed his mental picture of the process of picking up the vibrations, *4f I could just feed the output of the electrical reproducer to the. aerial post of the radio set I should have enough music to entertain the neigh- borhood.” But he was dead wrong. If he had tried it he would have found nothing but failure, because the electrical fre- quencies carried by such a reproducer and its special microphone circuit would be at audio frequency. In other words, the current flowing to the tubes of the electric phonograph is ARMY PLANS CLASSES|:=: - IN SHOEING HORSES |z b Mgt B :| " But Two lluin_lifl.’i"ppnn-« like that flowing to the loud speaker, aithough w’u:n:.h And, of coursy the process is ju: Teverse. ““You ‘:fl. dea with i audio? fre- juencies and th do not need a tector, radio frequency ampl 'S and _tuning apparatus,”_I'told him, “You're already tuned. 'The current already 1s at audio frequency. and does ‘not need rectification. All you need is amplification.” A If Smith bu‘:m- «combination radio and electri¢ .phonograph he will not be one of many who allow, it to stag- -ger them. He will know how it works | and why. And that will be a direct result of his determination to learn by experimenting, no matter Mow many have gone hefore him, nor ‘whether they met with success or failure. 9 Next No. 74: The y Day. e S Re Ry, ' . ‘tices; Indicating Dearth. NEW YORK, July 17—Agaln the Army m?u ‘has kicked things sky- t Maude's hefty hoofs, instéad of demolishing an urnoffending machine gun cart of charging a haughty ser- geant major during dress parade, thi time have takeh as a target nothing less than one of the longest standing d:::-':n the War, Department Gen- e 5 Two_hundred thousand hoofs need- ing periodic’ reshoging have caused the Army to abandon its efforts to find trained horseshoers in civil lite and forcéd the establishment of schools within' the Army to turn sol- diers into expert horseshoers. It's all the Tesult' of the passing. of the horge from city life. Horseshoeing has_become one .of the lost arts, an Arnly announcement explains. Dur- ing a canvass of New York City only IN THE LEAD mounted troops will be & school at which horseshoeing i3 it to sol taugh ‘According to'the War Department | POO! announcement the ‘Army today uses about 50,000 mules and horses, and in a, mobilization that number would be 1 200,000 animals. orseshoers would become a pressing fecessity during an emergency, in the view of Army of- ficers, & Limit on Music Programs, - A -recént Argentina decres limits the amount of advertising and grapho- glmn' music. which may be broadcast, ‘onsul General H.'H. Morgan, Buenos Alres, ‘Argentina, reports. The coun- try is not well provided with broad- casting service, but great improve- ments are planned for the Winter season from the existing stations. More than 60 per cent of the pas- sengers by airplane across the Eng- Jish Channel have been women. * ¥ Fisher's engmeering experts-skilledbeyond . their calling by virtue of years of continuous research and experimentation with all types "mmnn held over a pe: riod of two weeks in Naples, Italy, revealed unfavorable reception condi- tiodls, dife to continuous interference, Perfect reception was never:obtained during the course of these tests. The lack of .d.r:ecpm wave-length regula- tion. . ' e L Swedish Radio Profitable. Ajtiebolaget Radlotjanst, the Swed- 1sh - broad com| ment of Commerce from Stockholm. This ' company operates stations at Stockholm, Geteborg, Malmo, Sun- dacall and Boden. DENTAL SATISFACTION AT BIG SAVINGS! timen as much for dental . work as we charge 17 frte T st g o e W B ¥ %0 tell you hout the BIG SAYINGS OUR PRICES méan o you, snd FROTION STk ‘GUARANTEE nesuren: BY DR. FREIOT .AND STAFF EXPERT, . CAREFULs _AND i . OF #1022 1522 2022 7102 KL LED DENTISTS. R e ) A gy s Hng B et CGOLD CROWN AND BRIDGE. WORK. PER TOOTH, $8 AND $8, GUARANTEED our record. Thousands of satisfied b B g A R A dentistry In ooangtas citics and aatural looking, LARGE ELECTRICALLY COOLED OFFICES y Be Maids n Attend- ance DR. FREIOT 407—Seventh St. N.W.—407 ENTRANCE NEXT/TO KAY’S JEWELRY STORE ours: 0 AS 188 Bot. Look for ¢ lcl-ntnndlmnhmlm eight . extracting and impression reoms. fven_ over to operative and meehani- 1' fents you will find here. Sgiking Features s Wieen ‘Other Work 15 Being Done AR o PREIOT aad Ll 16°AD. (o 1 P, e P T "™ Phone Main 19 “Tor ¢ %4 PO « Fisher product. Quite logically, the public knows reall that when any limprovement which gives an enhanced measure of saf I Il -~ ~of body construction—unbhesitatingly aver aabid i Aiey 16 peviected, Eisker « magic on any | | that none but Body by Fisher—exclusiVely ' pe the first to precent it iuct as Fi WeternSo®) I usedby Genersl Motors for Gadila Buick, created and b the fis . preset svey LocalRadioEntertainment " Sunday, July 18, 1926. . NAA—Naval Radio Station, Radio, (4355 Meters). V‘l.. 10:05 a.m. and 10:05 p.m.—Weather reports. 9:65 p.m.—Time signals, WCAP—Chesapeake and Pol Telephone Co. (468.5 Meters). 11 a.m.—Services of First Congre- gational Church, at the Washington Auditorium. Rev. F. W, Norwood of « London, England, will preach. 4 p.m.—Outdoor services at foot of the Peace Cross, Washington Cathe- dral, Rev. Anson Phelps Stokes, canon n!s‘;'olahlnsstl%nbwfll [;drelch. 20 to 8: .m.~—Musical program by Maj. Edward Bowes and the “Capi- tol Family,” direct from the Capitol Theater, New York City. The first part of fhe program will be taken di- rect from the stage of the theater and will consist of music by the Capitol Grand Orchestra and the featured artists. The second part of the pro- gram will consist of a special pres. entation by Maj. Bowes of vocal and instrumental artists direct from the broadcasting studio in the theater. 8:15 to 8:45 p.m.—"Atwater Kent Half Hour,"” featuring Allen McQuhas, ¥ Irish tenor, and the Atwater Kent Or- chestra, from New York. 8:45 to 9:45 p.m.—Vesper hour. . Early Program Tomorrow. 6:45 to 746 a.m.—"Tower Health Exercises,” from Metropolitan Tower, New York City. ! WRC—Radio Corporation of America (468.5 Meters). ‘Tomérrow. 11:55 a.m.—Arlington time signals. )—Organ recital broadcast - from “the 12 (noon) how old, Where it is, how bad it hurts, One touch and the pain goes. Almost unbelievable. Then the corn shrivels up and goes.. A scientific way that dancers, walkers, actors, doc- tors and millions use. Beware ,of imitators. Get the real “Gets-It” at all 'drug stores. ~"GETS 11— . Chevrolet, Oakland, Oldsmobile and Pontiac - ~ ' cars—affords the essential virtues of safety, ‘ . s fi'a construction of the past £