Evening Star Newspaper, April 6, 1926, Page 8

'HE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Kdition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.... . .April 6, 1926 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Bustness Office: 1 th the Sunda carriers w Quily only. in Advance. irginia. <5.00: 1 m: 00} 1 00: 1 mo, Kate by Mail—| Maryland and V and Sunday.1 yr., $12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 Iy 1 . 0° 1 mo ay on $4.00: 1 mo. | ssociated Press. | exclusivaly entith of publication in are also reserved. Street Resurfacing. 46,545 is needed to bring the District up to date in its ring program. This is the highway depart- uent an investigation of city ireets. The report was prepared by it. A. Wheeler, assistant to the nmissioner, and has been tions com- A sum of Maj ingineer C appropr ce in making addi- ons to remedy the conditlon in which the he National Capital have allowed to H area of 815,515 square yards of | °t thoroughf 1s been found ) be thirty or more years old, which ment age set in Wash- ugton. A small additional area ranges n age from forty-five to fifty-nine ears. The amount estimated by the iighway department would cover the urfacing of all pavement that is obsolete under the standard used here. This report should provide serious wought for the subcommittee on the District of the Senate appropriations Tt shows conclusively the eason for the atrocious condition of he streets. In many cities, as Maj. Wheeler points out in the report, the eplacement age is set at twenty years snd this standard is rigidly observed. With a thirty-year life in Washington t apparent not only that this is an exceedingly liberal allowance of 1ime for pavement to stand up under e heavy traffic, but that smooth streets cannot be expected when even his allowance is stretched until it akes in the forty and fifty year periods. The Senate subcommittee has nced a lively interest in street con- tions. Tours have been made and 1ie entire matter painstakingly-inves- sated. Some of the members are .id to be in favor of establishing & s the replac committee. ! music ing first thirteen months as a youth { then three and a half years, and then In every case he return- Within two | years after his third release he had {committed three major robberies and H Even when he i had escaped from the Atlanta Peni- tentiary he did not try to lead a law- iful lite, but persisted in his crimes, nd finally took human life in one of | seven ye ed to s, his wickedness. several minor ones. thieving enterprises. tion for this man, save on the score |of his grievous misfortune of an evil He had a good start, with every He went wrong and hus now paid the life. promise of right development. penalty which the safety of soclety requires, not merely as a punishment sins, but as an example, which, times of un e clemency wnd slow-moving Jjustice and daring crime, is sreatly needed. The Bach Choir. Tonight the music lovers of Wash- ington have an exceptional oppor- tunity. The Bach Choir of Bethlehem, Pa., will at the Auditorium render the St. Matthew Passion, by the great composer whose name they proudly bear and whose works they have for twenty-five years been engaged in ren- dering devotedly. The Bach Choir s the leading choral organization in America, and on this occasion it will be accompanied by the Philadelphia Orchestra, one of the foremost organ- izations of instrumental musiclans of this country. The combination is rare and should be given the support ne to insure a flnancial succe s occasion is in no wise a com- mercial venture. The members of the Bach Choir are not “profeseionals” in the sense of singing for profit. They are giving their services, and are in- deed complimenting the people ‘Washington by appearing here on this occasion. It is, however, necessary that expenses be pald. The orchestra must be compensated. The highest hope of those who have sponsored and fuaranteed the recital is that the pub- lic patronage will meet the bills. If the attendance is not adequate to that end a deficit must be met by the in- dividuals who have with commendable public spirit stood as guarantors. If on the other hand the attendance is sufficient to yield a balance beyond ex- penses, that balance will be held as a fund against future musical evénts of this character. It is probable that if a deflcit results from this present en- gagement there will be no further appearance of the Bach Choir in ‘Washington. This city is developing into a musical center. It can progress, however, to that end only in the degree that the lovers of Washington avail themselves of such opportunities as the present to hear the finest of music, rendered by the most skilled of musiclans. So it is to be hoped that this opportunity will be seized to dem- onstrate that the Capital appreciates the best in this great art, especlally There is no ground for commisera- vear replacement standard in) o, 'y 15 offered in the spirit of de- wigmmiinn bu: w»}:'jl;h?ni'::;;’ ;’f‘ votion which-is the insplration of the he city are princi o ot Jow 15 to have the present thirty: | ™ — rear pavements brought up f0 date.| g wemciency” experts who not aj. Wheeler estimates that it would | " SFEEUR €O G By e ost in excess of $5,000,000 to put the :‘w“{ry e e e @ into effect and e ?tldn?:: ehis sabstantia] | 10OKINE for Jobs. Efficiency, to recall Bl an old political phrase, is a condition sum will be appropriated by Congress at present. In any event the true situation is now before the committee and reme- dial measures are shown to be neces- ary. The Nation’s Capital should cer- tainly be brought up to date in its treet paving and the attitude of the «ubcommittee indicates that it will be the carliest possible moment. = o Publicity methods are hindering the theater by the recent assumption that there is something peculiarly pic- 1uresque about going to jail. e~ The career of Chapman provides example of the fact that re not necessarily associated with morals, e The End of an Evil Life. pman, as he was best known, was executed a few hours ago at Wethersfield, Conn., for a capital crime committed in that State while a rugitive from justice. He had been onvicted after a fair trial, and, when orought to the point of execution, was, to prevent a legal technicality, pardoned for the Federal offense of which he had been previously con- victed and remanded to Connecticut. i7e resisted his pardon unsuccessfully. ¥ighting to the end, he made his last plea fn person to the board of pardons )2 the State for commutation to life imprisonment, It was denfed and the law was cxecuted. This man has written criminal his- tory. 1o began his career as a law- preaker at the age of fourteen, seem- ingly out of sheer perversity of na- ture, During the remainder of his twenty-four vears of life he spent twelve years in prison. Ilis escapes trom custody were sensational and dis- vlayed an exceptional plication of which to lawful pursuits would have made him eminently suc- sesstul in life. Sentiment for this man has been avoked because of a belief on the part % some that he was convicted on his sputation as a confirmed lawbrealer. I'he record of the final trial, however, ioes not warrant such a belief. In his inal plea for mercy, climaxing in a iramatic demand for justice, he oi- cred nothing to justify clemency. Still, there will perhaps always be some who doubt the justice of his con- ction. Yet they are a small minor- y. To most people the execution at Vethersfield last night was a neces- <sry and & wholesome example, cal- ulated to strengthen, the law and to weaken the nerve of those who are now bent upon taking toll of life and property, outlaws against society. Chapman’s career illustrates the er- vor of the belief that the parole of srisoners is a measure of mercy that can be safely granted save in excep- ional cases. Prison may not cure the onfirmed criminal disposition. There doubtless are instances in which sen- ‘ences can be remitted to good end, but of late years pardons and paroles have heen granted altogether too pro- years past. and not a theory: ———t——————— Egg rolling, if the cost of eggs con- tinues to advance, will in a few years become 80 expensive as to make it one of the exclusive forms of sport. ———t————— The Netherlands’ Nourishment. Washington read the other day a dispatch trom The Hague telling of the appointment by Her Majesty Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands of Jonkheer A. C. D. de Graeff as governor general of the Dutch East Indies. Dr. de Graeff has been min- ister of that kingdom to the United States for a little more than three It is probable that every resident of the National Capital will learn of his departure with regret. It is not so probable that so many of them are fully sensible of the na- tional and and the authority of the new office to occupy which he will journey half- international importance way around the globe. Holland, as Americans and others are apt érroneously to call the King- dom of the Netherlands, is a little country, barely discernible on a small scale map. She owns, however, a faraway tropical empire of a mag- nitude, a population, resources and commerce of which not many stop to think. It is her proud possession today because of the seafaring and colonizing ability of the inhabitants of “The Land of Pluck.” She might be compared to the small central office of a great producing plant, or again to a brain nourished by the reserve strength of a powerful body. The gravity of the task of ruling this kingdom is indicated by the fact, that Princess Juliana, heir to the throne, now only in her seventeenth year, is busy studying international law, con- stitutional government, the relations of a sovereign toward the states of the realm, and a variety of kindred subjects in preparation for the day when she will need to be proficient in them all. " Governor General de Graefl will rule from Batavia, his capital, a. ter- ritory of 783,642 square miles, rough- ly onefourth of the area of the United States. Reslding therein are 50,000,000 persons, or nearly half our population. The great islands of Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Flores and Timor, most of Borneo, half of New Guinea, the. Moluccas or Spice Islands, to- gether with many smaller groups, will be under his rule, for he and his coun- cil of five not only represent the executive power of the home gov- ernment, but also have the power of passing laws and regulations so far as that power is not reserved to the mother country. From this vast ter ritory are sent out to all the world rubber, coffee, sugar, tobacco, tea, tin, rice, indigo, spices and many other necessities and luxuries. The trade of these colonies with the United States alone amounts to $50,- 000,000 a year. otwithstanding the fact that the 4 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, . miscuously for the public good. This| population is principally of Malay man within ten years had been ar-|stock and of Mohammedan religion, rested and convicted three times, serv- | the administration has been singu- .| larly free from friction. The gov- ernor general has supervision over an army of some 40,000 men, twenty- five per cent of whom are Europeans. ‘The colonfal navy which helps the home navy patrol the adjacent seas and strats embraces a score of ves- sels. There are no fewer than 18,000 schools. There are thousands of miles of railroads. All in all, Jonk- heer de Graeft is responsible to his ipopulm' queen for an insular empire which in size and wealth rivals some of the famous ones of history. That he undertakes his new duties with the best wishes of this nation, with which his own has always been on euch cordial terms, and particularly of its capital, goes without saying. B — A Call for Volunteers. In a few days the people of Wash- mmgton will be asked directly to con- | tribute to the fund for the erection in | Potomac Park of 2 memorial to those men of the District who served the country during the Great War, a white marble temple which will cost $200,000 and will be a permanent and an inspiring addition to the glories of the Capital. For this canvass of the people of the District, all of whom have some degree of interest in this commemora- | tion of the patriotic services of Wash- ingtori’s participants in the war, it is desired to secure the aid of persons who will cover the blocks in which |they reside. Today elsewhere tn The | Star is printed the form of a tender { for this service. In every block in Washington doubt- less lives u man who himself “did his Lit” as one of the District’s soldier representatives, or one who was rep- resented by a son or a brother or a D. ¢, TUESDAY, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Seeing a hundred pots of lilies sit- ting outside a drug store in the early morning, we had an insane desire to hop off our bus and walk away with one just to see if we could do it. There was no guardian there, and the thought came: “It would be the easlest thing in the world to walk along, quietly stoop over and march off with a lily!" “But then,” wec continued, *‘what would you do with It after you got it? A gentleman walking along with a red flower pot, surmounted by nod- ding white 1ili at 8 o'clock in the morning, would be an unusual sight. “Suppose the proprietor, or one of his worthy clerks, should espy you, and make a hue and cry after you what then? There you would be, hug- ging a big lly, confronted by the Justly jrate proprietor. “What o lame excuse it would be to say: ‘Mister, 1 just walked off with your lily to see if 1 could get away with it.” I was going to walk around the block and set it down again. 1 Just did it on a bet.’” By this time, however, our bus was i far down the block, and we were saved from committing an indiscre- tion. How many such “suppressed desires” {s every righteous citizen be- set with, In the course of this, his mortal life! ‘The term employed above is com- monly used in psychology to denote, of course, other sorts of suppressions, but there is no particular reason why it cannot be used to label the com- mon, everyday hankerings which be- set the most lawful of us. * % % ¥ Who, for instance, has not been seized in church with a terrible de- sire to laugh? It comes upon one at the most un- likely moments, at the most solemn times, when one would mnot, for the whole world, indulge in mirth. Some sudden and unexpected juxti position of ideas, some use by the minister of a word which has othe connations to us, some repetition of | | i husband, and in many of the blocks live persons whose dear ones gave their lives. They are asked especially to participate in this work of assur- ing the funds for the erection of the memorial. It would be most meet and fitting that the canvass should be thus conducted by those who either in person participated in the war or members of whose families wore the uniform of the*United States in the war, perhaps in death. ‘With every block in the Capital cov- ered by a canvasser who has a direct personal interest in the fulfillment of the obligation to commemorate appro- priately and beautifully the services of the country's defenders in war the success of this work will be fully as sured. 1t should be the wish of all Washington to contribute. Those who volunteer to canvass their own in- dividual blocks will bring the oppor- tunity to each door. ————t Complaint as to climate is a regular incident of all four seasons. There has never been a Springtime when the pneumonia germ did not look forward with a sense of personal interest to the contest as to who shall be queen of the May. e e Prohibition laws are not easy to en- force. In fact, most laws are not. And the bluer the law becomes, the more work it makes for the police, ————— The French are intensely patriotic. Their devotlon to country never wavers and renders them rather fickle in an effort to find a govern- ment worthy of it. — e References to a “Candy Kid” or a “Bobbed-hair Bandit” appeal to & sense of the picturesque and tend to make crime alluring to' the feeble. minded. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, Drawing the Line. In Indiana, gentle State, Down where the Wabash flows, ‘When righteous people congregate They shun athletic shows. Though, as for lofty ways they search, Their liberties are great, If they desire to stay in church ‘They must not roller-skate. They say you must not fight or swear, You must not speed your car, You must not Charleston to the blare Of ragtime from afar, You must not heed Temptation's call Unto a primal state ©Of idle bliss—and most of all ‘You must not roller-skate! Improvement. “Any real estate improvement out A lot of atrociouslooking houses have gone up. The real estate isn't improved. It's only more ex- pensive.” Acquaintance. Had a little party Down to Pohick on the Crick, ‘The greetings was most hearty And it ended all too quick. Each one seemed like a brother And we parted with a sigh. Folks scarce know one another Till it’s time to say “‘Good-bye!” Caaution. “The banks are cautious about lend. ing money.” “They are right,” replied Mr. Cum- rox. “It's up to them to remind folks of the necessity of caution about bor. rowing.” In Touch With the People. “I understand your constituents write you a great many letters.” “Yes,"” answered Senator Sorghum, “And I'm glad of it. We've got to keep in touch with the people and form letters make life a heap easier. than eternally shaking hands.” The Public Ear. ‘The orator has passed away. None cares what he might have to say. We list to one and one alone— The kind that plays the saxophone. Jud Tunkins says a political boss is popular because he can sympathize with human nature. When he begins to suspect himself of being the su- preme intelligence, he begins to lose out. “De man dat goes to church on Sun- day,” said Uncle Eben, “at least lets you know dey's one day in de week when he ain't plannin’ some kind o’ rough work.” the same word or phrase, some recur- rent {dea—— Any one of these is sufficient to start. one off, and, once started, the difficulty is to stop. ‘We have seen strong men writhing in agony in a pew, threatening them- selves mentally with dire punishiment if they allowed their lips to so much as curl in a smile. Yet again it comes—surely we will burst right here rather than allow an unholy snicker to pass our grim lips! | “And he went out into the field to gather lentils——-" 5o says the minis- ter. Reverend sir, if yo word “lentils” agai surely we shall be guffaw. Just what there is about *lentils” to excite our merriment, we cannot exactly determine, especially since we are fully concerned with our herofc attempts to hold ourselves in before we disgrace ourselves and our kin. “And when he had gathered the lentils—-" Cold sweat breaks out on our fore head. Kind heaven, let him not say *len- tils” again! It will be more than we can bear. Sternly we recall our child- hood, all the hopes and aspirations of our parents; we look both back: ward and forward: “And now that he had gathered the lentils—"" Our face is us scarlet, we veril bubble inwardly, yet one looking at us would imagine we were the most mis- | erable sinner on earth—as, in truth, | we are. i constrained | his han Humbly we can recall an awful mo- ment at services held to dedicate a memorial to a young man who had given his life for the institution he represented. The president made a beautiful ad- dress, filled with gratitude, one that brought tears to many eyes. It so happened that the young man's first two names were “Ralph Waldo,” the same as those borne by America’s greatest sage. Now came the climax of the address. The president, who was a somewhat absent-minded man, started to pro- nounce the name. He did it slowly, lovingly—— And, as he did so, something told us, as if by Instinct, that he was go- Ing to say it wrong. There, under chose solemn circumstances, an un- holy mirth stirred our hearts. “‘Ralph: £ So began the speaker. “If he says ‘Emerson’ we will have to laugh, that is all,” we told our- selves in utter despair. Waldo"'—came the second name. “Yes—yes—he {8 golng to do it, he is golng to do it! No power on earth can save us now. If he says “Emer- son' we automatically disgrace our- selven. “Every one will lpokat us, as we sit here, laughing in the midst of sorrow, and we will be forced to leave, and, if we do get up, we will trall down the aisle with wild manta- cal laughter.” “Emer- 80 began the speaker. Then he caught himself and slip- ped in the right name. Thank God, we were saved! Had he put the “son’* onto it e had been lost * careful sed de- A friend of ours, tan, has harbored sire for many year: phonograph record | the roofs of house: far onc will sail. This dignified fat man still threat- | ens to try it, too, although he has so far comproniised’ with his family as | to say he will select a large open field for the experiment. There 15 another man who holds himself in from smashing o mandolin over the bedpost. All his life, he con- fesses, he has wanted to take the neck of a howlshaped mandolin in, his right hand, and then, suddenly, fero- clously, bring the bowl down over the end of the post If he ever indulges in this expert- ment—which it is not likely he ever | will—he thinks he will choose an old- | fashioned brass bed, with a nice round ! Knob at the end of the post. Then, at a given signal, he will raise in the air, brandish the man- dolin as a Mohawk brave might Lave a tommyhawk, and suddenly bring it down with all his might upon the shining brass knot What a splintering will be there, imy countrymen! Of course, this gentleman is not going to do so foolish a thing, any more than thousands of persons who feel an inclination to jump from a high place are going to give in to that desire. These inhibitions are the residuc-of the human spirit, which, lacking the common sense of the animals, has only reason and training to restrain it. _Ordinarily these are sufficient. We do not walk away with the pot of llles, nor do we laugh in church. The fat man will never whirl a phonograph over the house tops, nor will the other gentleman smash his old_mandolin to bits. Ctvilization has worked well with us. f 5 BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. The so-called “Christlan” Gen. Feng Yu-hsiang of Mongolia, leader of the revolutionists fighting the natlonal government of China, is in defeat and has fled to Mongolia under the pro- tection of the Russians and Manchus enemies of the Chinese Republic. A dispatch from Moscow announces that Gen. Feng intends to go into “volun- tary exile” by seeking employment as a common laborer in Moscow, where he will work for seven years. While he is in the Soviet Republic he will study politics, from a Soviet stand- point. A diplomat familiar with Rus- slan conditions suggests that the “Christian” general will hardly be able to cultivate his Christianity under Soviet influence, since it is a primary principle of sovietism to fight all religions. Some time ago this same “Chris- tlan” Gen. Feng placed in America the largest single order for Bibles wer given, but what he did with the Bibles—since very few of his sol- diers had the slightest knowledze of the language—is one of the mysteries of Chinese diplomacy. The purchase was tentatively explained by the dip- lomat as a blind to enlist the aid of Americans under pretense that the success of Feng would ald our mis- sionaries in China. L The dispatch that Gen. Feng in- tends to spend the next seven years as a common laborer in Moscow is construed by one familiar with Rus- sian _propaganda as meant to flatter the Soviets. However that may be, the fact of Feng's utter defeat is undeniable. His army—the Kuominchun—is brok- en up by the combined armies of Pei-fu an Chang Tso-lin, which closed in m_ three sides upon Feng, who Was fortified in Tlentsin. Thus ends the ‘“Kuominchun"—the “pational people’'s army,” sometimes known as the Communist army. Whether that means also the end of civil strife in China, and the firm establishment of the republic, re- mains to be seen. Nothing more is heard of the two rival Tuchans who started the recent conflict in 1924, and then left their adherents to fight it out. China is generally classed as ultra- pacifistic, yet since the Manchus were overthrown, 14 years ago, there has hardly been a month without in- ternal war. When two Tuchans in rivalry with each other, Gen. Lu Yung-Hsiang and Marshal Chi Hsieh-yuan, started the war in 1924, Gen. Chang Tso-lin, former bandit of Manchuria, supported Chi Hsieh- yuan and at first had the support of Gen. Feng, the “Christian,” but Feng rebelled against his superior, hurried to Peking, where he forced the abdi- cation of President Tszo Kun, and set up a provisional government, which received recognition by the United Smles* agd ‘ot};er powers. The remnant of the Kuominchun has united with government forces and fighting the rebels goes on. Pres- ident Tsao Kun, who was deposed by Feng, is restored to power and the constitution reinstated, but Pe- king, the capital, is still under siege. * % R K One of the most important -achieve- ments of the Harding Disarmament Conference in Washington, in 1922, fras the nine-power agreement guar- ‘anteeing the integrity of China against further exploitation by the powers, and providing for Chinese self-deter- mination as to tariffs, for revenue to support the central government. That has not yet become operative but will 80 become at an early date. Soviet Russia, recognized by China in 1924, has been active in encroach- ments and in propaganda. to stimulate Soviet sentiment among the Chinese, in Mongolia and Manchuria. . COLLINS. At the same time, there remains an active party favoring a return to a | speedily slain. APRIL &, 1926. NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM LG M THE INTIMATE PAPERS OF COLONEL HOUSE. Charles Sey- mour, Houghton Miffiin Company. The story of the sphinx s now much too worn to offer hope of fresh usage, or would be were it not for the ract that the really vital point of this myth- ic tale has suffered general and com- pletv neglect. Having set her riddle, the sphinx retreated, you recall, into a silence as deep as oblivion itself. Going back over the old parable in the light of the present, one wonders if it_were not this impregnable silence, after ail, that constituted the long and tantalizing mystery of the sph.nx -—a mystery too, perhaps, whose sole content was the stirred imaginings through ages and ages of the people themselves who gave to it a swollen slgnificance, deep and portentous. Many tried to solve the riddle, you remember, and upon failure were " Then one day a cer- tain Ocdipus spoke out the answer, straight and clear. Whereupon the sphinx promptly destroyed herself. It is in this act of self-destruction that the true point of the sphinx myth lies. The long silence had been broken. Im- mediately the mystery dissolved, open- ing up as nothing more than thin air upon which floated away the vast im- plications of power that had nested within it so impressively and so fear- somely. It Is concelvable that only the deep [ntuitive prescience of the female of the species could have fore- seen her own taking off as the single ftting climax to the long drama ation. A deeply interest- ing myth, thi the sphinx. e [nti- apers of Colonel Hoftse.” These in the main, personal let- hich as a whole the narra- tve form has bLeen riven through supplementary and explanatory ma- terfal supplied by Charles Seymour professor of yale Uni Tw at letters stand, beyond dispute, 5 @ clear vein of that inner histor so rarely discovered, yet so essen for thy of i e illumination and interpretation outer and obvious layers of his- toric event. They reach such status by the intimacy of their character, by thelr political content, by the distin: n and range of the corresponde: the outstanding imports »d which they cover. i word {n respect onal letters us evidence, hese do not give the unchallengeable testimony of the swo word. On the ¥ zive markedly than the diary which stands in general high esteem as the repository of truth itself. The letter, in the person of its recipient, is provided with a check upon dis- torted statement, with a balance against unverucious declaration. The diary lacks wholly this check, this bal- ance. Indeed the latter is often no more than a private stage for the parade of secret vanities, for the un- roliing of fantastic dreams. Letters from considerable people to others of the same stability upon subjects of weight ~ and timeliness must be counted as historical material, unim- paired by the abandon of the diary, on the one hand, and the dullness of legal testimony, on the other. * % per J The Touse papers begin sub- stantially with Theodore Roosevelt's tl(cfllon of Woodrow Wilson to the presidency of the United States in 1912 and end with this country’s im- pending entrance into the Worid"War in 1916. The election of Wilson marked the return of the Democratic party to political leadership after a period of eclipse that had lasted for about 20 vears. With the opening of the campeign of 1912 there slipped into it an unknown man from down Texas way. Softly he closed the door behind him and sat down to look around. When he moved about there was no noise of scraping chalrs, nor monarchical form of government, such as existed from the reign of the First August Emperor, 250 B.C., up to the revolution of 19 While the Chinese are notably advocates of a let-alone disposition—"laisser faire”—and are ultra conservative, that conservatism Is rather based on the traditions of the more than 2,000 years of autoc- racy then on the last 14 or 15 years of experimental republicanism. ~This tendency is aptly expressed by Dr. Frank Johnson Goodnow, president of the Johns Hopkins University, in his book, just issued, “China, an Analy- sis.” He sa “Social and economic conditions favored the development of autocracy for a number of reasons. In the first place, the family system and the recog-: nition of the obligation of filial pief encouraged habits of subordination. ‘The individual who, during his years of great vigor and energy, had with- out serious protest, yielded obedience to the commands of the head of the fam- ily ‘was not likely, when he reached maturity, to disobey the injunctions of those who were set in authority over him, particularly when the ethi- cal system which enjoined submission to parental authority likewise required obedience to the father of his people, the Son of Heaven, and to his rep- resentatives.” Nevertheless, the submissive Chi- nese are credited by Dr. Goodnow— who formerly served as legal adviser to the Chinese Emperor—with having a drastic method of “recall” of any official who displeased them. They imply ducked him in a stream of airty water, which caused him such humiliation that he “lost face” and consequently felt obliged to resign, if_not to commit sulcide. ‘While they recognize all rulers as holding power by divine authority, yet when the ruler becomes arbitrary or unsatisfactory the people interpret that fact as an indication that divine sanction is withdrawn, so that they are Jjustified in setting up another. * %k & ¥ There is no, other section of the earth which has been farmed so long —4,000 years at least—yet there is any other disturbance with the furni- ture. A quiet man, so unobtrusive as to be quite generally overlooked. But, little by little, the name of House began to show a tendency to glve pause, to cock an ear toward the sound of it. And gradually, very gradually, House came to be me tioned as “the friend of Wilson Now, everybody knows—not how this friendship grew, but that it did grow, finally to such a stature as to count House, in smiling parlance, as “the silent partner of the President.” And the war came. And the peace con- ference came. It is an old story now —the story of idealism, of a high pur- pose, of tremendous effort, of many great achfevements, of deep disap- pointment, of tragedy, of an account. Ing that it will take many years to ful- fill in its real grandeur—the story of Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States in the period of the World War. And always in the story, or almost to the end of it, the flzure of Col. House was the E se was > one standing ever closest to the President. A quiet, strange, undecipherable man, Col. House of Texas. L Once seated within these v 50 big and packed, with time fl?&’i’,’. prodding, your first thought is that you will read here and there only, picking important _polnts, - skipping lighter matters. This is just what you do not do. You read every word Instead. First, in an instant of sur. prise, then in'a permanent wonder. then in sheer delight over the per fect abandon of confidence into which Col. THouse, the sphinx of modern politics, welcomes the wide world The matters of fact here are rela. tively unimportant. The story in fts essentials, the story as It applies to American politics ‘and_international relationships, is one that was well known long before the disclosures brought about by these intimate Da- pers. Not vital to the history of this country whether Col. House was the originating source of so many of the measures that stand, as they should and must stand, to the credit of Pres. ident Wilson. Not greatly important none which produces as much per acre. This is partly owing to the soil, but more to,the intensive cultivation. Recent years have brought Occidental enterprises into China, which, in time, will industrialize the people; as yet there is comparatively little work ex- cept agricultural and home industry. Under the Manchu regime, which end- ed only 14 years ago, there was no modernizing progress—no building of railroads, except a few miles built by foreign enterprise; no postal service, no educating of the masses, although the literati were a distinct class of students, and from the competitive terary examinations came all civil Service officlals. China is awakening, but drowsily still. (Copyright, 1926, by Pdul V. Coliins.) Postal Rates and Service. From the Morgantown New Dominion. Second-class mall receipts are said to have fallen .off about two million dollars_ in- the experimental year of higher rates. It is believed that less than half the number of parcels will be sent in 1926. People who objected to the increased rates are now calling congressional attention to these facts and urging that lower rates be restored. Postal rates ought to bs kept as low as possible. There is no_ point In Uncle Sam's gouging the public in this matter, especially when high rates decrease the post office income. Yet kicking about postal charges seems ungrateful and unnecessary when one considers how far a few cents will take a piece of mail, safely this amazing sum of work an - ence and effect that Col. Hou‘:e";:':. duced, rather than that Mr. ‘Wilson accomplished it alone as he is thought to_have done. If these letters are true—and who shall say that they are not true?—they destroy for good and all the chief accusation brought against Woodrow Wilson. ‘Wilson, the self-sufficient man, repelling counsel, arrogating to himself the full powers of Government, the aris- tocrat of letters, the arbiter of Amer. ica’s destiny for the hour—such is the supreme criticism of Mr. Wilson. ‘What do we find here? We find a man who is not only conscious of his own political inexperience, but who is ready and glad to make use of the political wisdom of one whom he trusts. If nothing else comes out here, this one fact along stands as further evidence of the greatness of ‘Woodrow Wilson. And in respect to House himself. Probably there never was a more de> lightful, confiding, naive, whole-soul- ed recognition of one’s self than Col. House so buoyantly hands out to us by way of these intimate papers. In this regard the book is surpassing, unapproachable. It is a shocking book, to be sure. Not shocking be- cause of its utter and childlije frank- ness, but rather use of our own false modesty, of our_own hypocrit- ical self-effacements. Why shouldn’t a man estimate himself as he honest- lv knows himself to be? This book for its psycnological value alone, for its revelation of two men in a new and, one believes, in a true light, is a book of incalculable worth. And what about the sghlnx ‘whose ridgdle wam Iald bare? ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. In what gallery is Raphael’s “Transfiguration”?—H. H. P. A. It hangs in the Vatican Gallery in Rome. It was left unfinished at {Rl;phflel'! death, which occurred in | 520. 4 Q. Please explain the Tacna-Arica situation—J. R. C. A. The decision of the Tacna-Arica dispute between Chile und Peru was made by President Coolidge as arbi- trator on March 9, 1925. It declar that the sovereignty of these two provinces, formerly Peruvian, but held by Chile since the war of 1878, must be decided by a plebiscite. The decision caused much friction and tentative plans were made to hold | the plebiscite. On December 9. 1925, Chile appealed to President Coolidge , from a decision of the Plebiscitary Commission. This decislon related to the settlement of dates and the arrangements for voting at the plebiscite. The date of the voting was fixed at April 15, 1926. Q. What - is the safety limit in storing papers in bulk to prevent spontaneous combustion?—R. S. A. The Technical Associatfon of [ the Pulp and Paper Industry saye that it is its opinion that paper in bulk can be stored any length of time without danger of spontaneous combustion. This would be borne out in the experience of fire insur- ance companies as well as paper dealers. If, however, the paper is of a kind that has been treated with ofl and the storage warehouse were heated, there might possibly be some danger of spontaneous combustion. | Q. How many eggs are there in a shad roe?—M. C. H. A. The Bureau of Fisherles says that in the average shad roe there are from 30,000 to 40,000 egzs. Q. How many landscape are there?—s. 1. R. A. Landscape architecture is a re- cent and still limited profession. The census of 1920 recognized 4.461 land- scape architects or landscape garden- | ers. Q. What kind of paper is used for D. player piano rolls?—A. A. The paper is one-third rope fiber Q. When was influenza first known? R.T. A. Authorities di s to the first account of influenza,as well as to the identity of epidemics occurring before 1580. A severe epldemic in 412 B.C.. | described by Hippocrates and Livius is thought to have been influenza. Authentic epldemics of the disease | have occurred frequently since 1173. Q. When did women first work for the Government?—M. L. G A. The Assistant Treasurer of the United States informs us that in the Spring of 1862 Mr. F. E. Spin- ner. Treasurer of the United States, prevailed upon Secretary Chase to permit him to appoint a woman to cut and trim United States currency This work was then done with she: in the hands of men. Miss Jennie Douglas, and, as hLe after-| ward expressed it, “her first day's' | factur s/ v He appointed | is any part of a herbaceous plant con monly used for culinary purposes, and may consist of the root, as in the bees and turnip; the stem, as in the as paragus, celery and rhubarb (or pie tuber, or underground sten: he potato; the follage, as in cabBage and spinach, or of that whick is botanically the fruit, as in the tomato, bean, pea. and eggplant Q. Are_ vessels required to s0 foghorns?—J. J ; A.In fog, mist or falling snow steamers under way must sound blasts of 4 to 6 at intervals not to exceed 2 when at sea. On inland waters the foghorn must sound once a_minute. Should the steamer stop, Ehe mus sound two such blasts about a sec ond apart. Salilng vessels when unde: way sound one blast each minute when on the starboard tack, two biasts when on the port track anc three blasts when the wind is abaf, the beam. Vessels at anchor ring the bell for abo: < once minute. Q. Why are cab drivers called Jehus ", A. Jehu as a colloquial name for u coachman, or for one who drives recklessly, is derived from a biblical source (1T, Kings, ix.20): 15 like the driv Jebu of Nimshi, for he driveth furiously. Q Is there 1 tobacco, pipe-smokin tobacco and cigurette duced today than forme A. The m chewing tobas ed us early hand, preduct On the ot ' pipe-smoking tc rapidly until v juent rate o duction began of life the longest” A. One authority says X nat the 1 man life is the lo p nd the commis: which was pt Bridges and dated ) Q. What Is the na work settled the matter in her and |s in woman's favor.” On October 1862, the following woman emplo were appointed: Miss Fannie L. Hal- stead, Miss Annle York, Miss Belle | §. Tracy, Miss Elizabeth Stoner and | Miss Mary Burke. These women were | the first for whom Congress regularly made an appropriation. Q. When did Garrison fi the Liberator?—W. O, H. A. Willlam Lloyd Garrison first pgxabu:hed the Liberator, January 1, 1831, Q. What is the proportion of lean meat in beef hindquarters and fore- | quarters?—<. W. J. A. Hindquarter—lean meat, 54.42; Forequarter— 26.69; bone, a, st publish lean meat, 13.73. Q. What is a vegetable?—W. F. B. t, at a fraternity some e before Q. What bec the Roosevelt?—G 1 he Roosevelt fnto a sea-going tug a the Washington Barge This is a special department devoted solely to the handling of querie: paper puts at your disposal th ices of an extensive orge Washington to serve you in any c: pacity that relates to informat This service is frec. Failure to mal: use of it deprives you of benefi chich you are entitled. Your obliga tion is only 2 cents inclosed with your inquiry for direct reply. Address The Evening Ktar Information Burea Frederic J. Haskin, director, Wash- This « A. A vegetable, in the popular sense, ington, D. Louis Philippe’s Death Ends “Years of Empty Shadow Play” “Years of empty shadow play as France's uncrowned King” gave the exiled Louis Philippe, Duke of Or- leans, a place in world thought, such the occasion for widespread comment on the futility of pretensions in this day to a throne which ceased to exist 75_years ago. It “merely means the passing of a poseur, who was picturesque partly because of his ancestry, partly be- cause of his moral transgressions,” says the New York Evening World. Referring to the fact that “the late pretender moaned in his delirfum ‘I am the King of France,’ " the Evening World adds: “Only in _delirfum could he have thought so. He was merely a handsome old roue, whose strut upon the stage was more suggestive of comic opera than reality.” Of the ancestry of the late pre- tender, the Uniontown Morning Her- ald notes that he “was born in 1869, son of the Count of Paris, who was grandson of Louis Philippe,” the last- named having been the “last of the reigning Bourbons, who ruled from 1830 to 1848, when his line was ban- ished.” France, the Uniontown paper remarks, now “is more interested in restoring the franc than in restoring the Bourbons.” “Yet, if his great-grandfather, the original Louis Philippe, had known how to govern better, had not let the suggests the Beloit Dally News, vretender at the time of his death might have been King Philip VIII of France, instead of a wandering adven- turer and stage door Johnnie, offering his sword to this nation and that, oftering his jewels to this prima donna and that.” The unsubstantial nature of any claim to “the throne of France” is discussed by the Manchester Union, as follows: “When a throne actually ex- ists and there are those who assert a right to it, the term pretender can be correctly used. But there is no French throne. The throne, as much as the claim of the so-called pre- tender, is a matter of pretense. In simylar vein the Norfolk Ledger-Dis- patch says, “Of all the occupations in the world, this business of being pre- tender to & European throne abolished more than 75 years ago is one of the most pitiful and apparently one of the most useless.”” P Banishment not only from the soil, but also from the service of his coun- try, was the fate of the pretender. The Bay City Times-Tribune recalls hat “the duke has been an exile, and ce would not accept him as an aid in the World War."” Noting that the.exile began when Louls Philippe was 17 years old, the Worcester Lve- ni Gazette gives these details: “When the World War began, he tried to enlist in all of the allled armies and was rejected by all of them. He then enlisted in the French Foreign Legion under an assumed name, was found out and thrown into prison, from which he escaped—a feat which did not greatly cast down the French govs ernment. That used to be the royal way,” continues the Gazette. ‘Per- sonal bravery and gallantry covered a multitude of sins.” | to 1895, and then conduc | expeditions, one to Greenland's as it was. His recent death was made | & Springfleld Union, as it recogniz sisted in such work,’ that “he explored in A - it recall from 18! 1two Are coast, via Spitzbergen: the o | the Kar The Brookl Eagle, commenting on_these tivities, adds, “In 1903 a Beigian polar expedition ‘Une Croisiere au Spitzbers or three other volumes from his pen.” His pencha life of adventure as well as his writin: ability were probably inherited fro: his father, the Count of I'arls. who. the Eagle says, “was with McClellan in the American great rebeilion, was | at Fair Oaks and at Gaines Mill” and wrote a sevon-volume hi of the Ctvil War h value to militar men."” The Count of Paris, Bangor Daily Comm the standard of a real ruler” than his son, and “his service in the Union Army in our Clvil War brought hin: into high regard in the Northern sec tion of our country.” nch exile as the Baltimore Sun puts i, he had his adheren and followers who are now directing possible successor. “Ground deep in human experience and emotions, the instinct for royalty is not lost in one or even ten generations,” declares the that 1 “In the minds of almost a million roy lalists the selection of a successor i- not merely the continuation of a r mantic tradition.” The Cincinnat Times-Star calls attention to the para dox that “he who becomes ‘King of ncd’ must leave rance, ‘the King i3 dead, the King must depar is the slogan of the republic,” this slo gan being the respone of the Thire Republic to the “mummery carried « by a dynasty that was and refuses to recognizo that it is not.” - to this phan the Duke of Guise, sees no immediate reason for accepting the Job, according to the Pittsburgh Sun, since, “hitherto without politi bitions, he is not likel fic standing as a French citizen for the empty honors of the preten: The Indianapolis News cxplains “the Duke of Guise has a son to who. it is intimated he may vield the suc cession,” and also mentions other po- sible “kings of France"—the Duke Vendome or the Duke of Nemour Continuing, the News says are still surviving several Bonaparte. that might put in a shadowy clain What would happen should another Napoleon appear it would be interest ing, but profitless, to speculate.” Even for those who actually sit on thrones “the king business isn’t what it used to be in Europe, and in France it hasn’t amounted to anything in sev- eral generations,” remarks the Roa- noke Times, which does not belleve the death of the pretender will “add to France's troubles at the prosent time,” Still there must be taken into accoun: the fact, as given by the Williamspor: Sun,. that though “i8 vears have elapsed since the revolution of 1845 and few subjects of the King survive, yet wew generations have espouse The San Antonic Express observesithe royalist cause and have cagerls that “the Duke o Orieans might have become a fanwus explerer had he per- awaited the day when a ki again mount the throne. e