Evening Star Newspaper, October 30, 1925, Page 6

8 THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY.......October 30, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES...Editor Businass Off vivania Ave. 119 East 42nd St. Tower Building 16 Regent St.. London. England. New York Office Chicaxo OMoce Furopean Office ith the Sunday morn- ed v earricrs within month - daily only. ndny only. 20 cents e sent by mail or “ollecction {3 niade by The Frent: fng edition the Siiv at Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 40: 1 mo.. 0: 1 mo 1 mo 850 adc $10.00 S7.00 1mo 1mo.. 11 mo. ted Press. < is exclusively entitled ¥ news dis ain at 1tions. s knocked @ the League of D summons comes from ed under the (reaty with ndate. en. high commis- | to put down a high hand, 1tally has shelled the an- of Damascus, causing a into the thou- of a ved Oppe the ¢ This time of the country the Frenc has endeavored rebel tribe: with cient loss ¢ e mountin sands. Threats are reported holy war with Mohammedans ar; against Christians in many lands. Dis that months ago prot with the League | of the French gov ng pow Syria. Why not dig| them up and dust the cobwebs off? The league was designed to maintain peace in the world, not merely peace between the Christlan nations of Eu- rope. Interference on behalf of a subject people, however, might give some of the chancelleries of Europe the cold sieet peoples have bee regarded by their master litt than goods and chattels that for them to have a in court m disarrange the ngs. Theirs has crack of the whip, the threat of the itche Sts wer e ho shivers. se = for rore whole scheme of been to 3 or, more properly, The w ritory view, ciple Is the that sit has does resent a of th has ernor. Dam: Jle system of mandated ter- the 2 point of In prin- the mandate peace and to see meted out. But the arlsen in Syria | pieasant picture! A terrible blunder | by a military gov- rioting occurred in the French pro- down with a heavy given for the riot- | incredible In b nd fro Ameri appear wrong. holdir to preserve ust the powr beer ch this | d enlighten- bodies of in- by the| ies and ex- rong arm of ¥ 0 peace. They rec of the twelfth iries. France, it nd a civil governor to | Sarrail. Such not be too late, would he wise. ue of Na- an, Briand, ctices of Ger or m tlons, head has actec h firmn. to t ween Greece and Bulgar b ague will add ste tige if it will | the difficul- the halt exist between 1nd the Mohammedans. ———r—o—— ne of the Mitchell court- enables proceedings in- to touch on unrelated mat- reform, and call attention to usness of the housing prob- ton. cidenta ters the s —r———— 1 of speech is more or less 1 civilian Freed: rence are almost certa tate hostilities, I —— Radio and Train Control. A demonstration has just been made of a new automatic train-stop system on a s teh of the Pere Marquette Railroa in Michigan, this new s tem being fou ed upon radio control. Electric magnetic waves are “pumped” into the by means of a roadside unit, and are picked up by loop col- lector o« der the cowcatcher of | These waves actuate <nals in the cab, green . vellow for caution nger. Should the en- wrd precautionary or als through inattention or ent the train is brought to a | stop. control system Just ¢ imilar in actual operation to other devices heretofore | tested b d upon the contact prin- ciple. These prior devices use electric current. The principle of automatic train control is practically adopted in this country, although it has not vet been put into practice, despite the orders of the Interstate Commerce Commis- ston issued to a large number of the major transportation lines. Delay: have been granted, but it is inevitable that eventeally, perhaps soon, all of the major trunk lines operating on frequent headway will be equipped with devices, perhaps of a single type, to insure the control of trains to pre- vent disaster. One of the arguments of raflroad operations against the compulsory adoption of an automatic train-stop system was that the art had not been sufficlently developed to warrant in- and red gineer danger sig disr disable; | ingly {claim that the rail lines in actual practice. Ex- perimental tracks were in some cases installed for this purpose, but these could not reproduce the actual work- ing conditions. Thus much of the work up to a very recent period in the development of these devices was theoretical. It was the thought of the Interstate Commerce Commission that compulsion would be the surest means of rapidly developing dependable methods of train control. ‘Whether radio or direct electric cur- rent is used, it is evident that the time has come for the installation on our American trunk lines, and all rafl lines, in fact, on which trains run on frequent headway, of some means of halting trains automatically when danger points are reached or passed. The element of human error is too great. The factor of possible mechani- cal failure is less than the possibility of human error. With the automatic device as a final safeguard, train col- lisions and derailments through dis- placements of the track become im- Dollar-a-Year Insurance. President Coolidge opened the Red Cross membership campalgn vesterday by accepting from Mrs. Coolidge a button and giving her a check. The membership fee is one dollar. The President, it s reported, multiplied the fee by twenty-five. His example of taking membership, or rather re- newing his Red Cross membership, should be followed universally, al- though it is hardly to be expected that his example of paying a premfum will be followed as generally. For not all can do this; not all are in a position to give as liberally even to so worthy a cause. Red Cross membership duty and a privilege. This organiza- tion represents the people of the United States, Tt is veritably America organized for first aid to all who are in distress and need. Upon its ef- ficiency depends the succor of many thousands in emergencies. Upon fts funds depend the promptness and thoroughness of relief works. The American Red Cross has become not merely a permanent institution, but a fixed factor in human economy. It is not governmental, although the President of the United States is ex officlo the presiding officer. It is uni- versal in its membership, which open to every citizen. Its major source of revenue is the membership dues, one dollar a year. g Red Cross memberships should be spread out all over the country and into all groups of socfety. For the need of Red Cross ald and service may be felt at any time anywhere. The dollar-a-year man or woman who takes Red Cross membership is pay- ing a very small premium of insur- ance against suffering. is both a ——— A Steel-Vested Criminal. Law and order was dealt another blow yesterday when a steel-vested criminal, wanted for the murder of Department of Justice operative. aped unscathed from a police trap in Chicago after seriously wounding a detective and causing the death of the uncle of his sweetheart, at whose {apartment he had taken refuge, by misdirected police fire. A tip was received at Chicago po- lice headquarters that the “wanted man,” Marty Durkin, probably would ! be at the apartment of Betty Werner. The informant was her uncle, Lloy Austin. Police surrounded the build- ing, and picked men were sent in Durkin began firing immediately and wounded a detective. Others joined the fray, and Austin fatally wouhded. Durkin, although seem- struck by point-blank shots, jumped from the second-story win- uninjured and escaped. Police this is the second time a steel vest has saved the lie was dow that {of Durkin in battles with them. If it is true that this desperate criminal has made use of protective armor to make him invulnerable to gunfire, it is high time that city ad- ministrations begin looking about for similar protection for the guardians of the law. It is a one-sided battle at best be- [ tween police and the lawless element because police are allowed to shoot only in defense of their lives, while the criminal ecan kill on sight. Certainly every protection should be accorded. those who day and night stand for law and order and who un- hesitatingly face extreme peril that the community may be safeguarded. R T In order to be an aviator a man must be willing to take chances. The habit has become strong with Col. Billy Mitchell in all kinds of ways. m——— In Italy a dictator is greater than a King—at least so long as he can prevent the King from being fully aware of his own eclipse. e Caillaux is a persuasive speaker. But money talks with a peculiar and irre- sistible emphasis in the case of the franc. o New York All Set for Tuesday. Next Tuesday New York will vote for mayor and other municipal offices, the mayoralty race lying between Walker, Democrat, and Waterman, Republican. Betting on Walker is ten to one. The odds have favored the Democratic candidate from the start, when it became evident that Mayor Hylan would not run on a third ticket for a third term. They have increased as indications have shown that the mayor would not bolt the Tammany ticket, and yesterday they were further lengthened when the mayor declared that he would support the Democratic candidate because he is & Democrat in practice as well as in declaration, and because the candidates have pledged themselves to support the policles of his administration. There- upon the mayor’s principal newspaper supporter declared for Walker. So it is all over but the shouting. New York will have a Democratle mayor, as it usually has. Gov. Smith will have won a victory in preventing the renomination and re-election of Mayor Hylan. He s now concerned stallation. Therein lay a serious diffi- culty. Inventors of train-stop methods, with few exceptions, had not been per- mitted to test out their schemes on not in the mayoralty, which is a fore- gone conclusion, but in the issue of State bonds for public improvements, for which he is vigorously campaign- THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, FRIDAY, ing. His position as the Democratic leader of the State is secure, however the bond question is decided. He has declared that he is out of the reckon- ing for another team as governor. He has indicated that he does not care to run for the Senate next year in op- position to Senator Wadsworth. He ! has stated that he is not seeking the presidency, but has plainly made known that he will not dodge the nomination for that office. So that is that. Next Tuesday, therefore, will be a tame occasion in New York. All the fireworks have been exploded, were shot off, indeed, in the first round, the primary campaign. Not even the an- nouncement of the mayor’s decision to support the Tammany ticket causes a stir, however Interesting the spectacle of his feasting on broiled crow. o Have a Care! The Treasury recelved a batch of charred currency from a woman in California, identified the remains as those of good greenbacks and yellow- backs, counted the amount of money represented by the charred paper and sent the woman a check for $1,080. The woman had “banked” her sav- Ings in the oven of her cook stove, her children lighted a fire, and: It is an old story. With the time for light- Ing home fires here, or near, reports will be heard of the loss of hoards that have been put in the stove or tucked In the chimney for safety. From time to time news comes that a family has gone bankrupt because it stored its savings in a mattress, a cupboard or in chink among the rafters in the garret. Hiding money is a very old-fashioned way of losing it. There are modern ways of keeping it that are safe, but | not all men or women have modern thinking processes. The Treasury sometimes does remarkable work in identifying the charred remains of bills, the embers of greenbacks and the cinders of yellowbacks, but it ought not to be pushed too far. It sometimes fails. Now and then when & stove or chimney is used as a sav- ings bank the bills are burned beyond recognition, and there's an end on it! With so many familles starting the Autumn fires it might be a good plan to give the chimney and the fireplace “the once over” to be sure that the treasure of the family is in a better hiding place, and that the chimney is clear of soot, or as free of soot as should be expected of a chimney. A good many fires are ascribed to a de- fective flue, and it might be, really would be, economical to have a quall- fied person see that the flue is In fit condition for its Fall and Winter work. Be sure the family money is In bank, and that the chimney 13 safe. Then light the fire! o The continued prominence of Trot- sky represents a compliment to his former running mate, Lenin. It may be doubted whether he will parallel the career of his old associate to the extent of having a town named Trot- skygrad. ———— The United States Senate is proving especially valuable as a part of the governmental scheme, in affording re- tired officials a hope of returning to active political life. oo Other cities would do well to study Washington’s traffic regulations. The varied assortment offers an abundant fleld for selection. ———— Soft coal, once considered a nui- sance, is now regarded as a friend in need by the general public as well as the soap manufacturers, ———————— Patnleve will be minister of finance as well as premier. The late Mr. Gil- bert's Poo Bah may become a practl- cal suggestion in statesmanship. S Peace conferences are always de- sirable as evidences, at least, of in- terest in a most important subject. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Local Pride. My little old house appears to be The best little house in the block, to me. My little old block—I set it down As the best little block in all the town. My little old town seems good and grand; The best little town in all the land. And this land of ours displays such worth, It's the best little land in all the earth— And this world, I'll state in language terse, Is the best little world in the universe. Seeking No Privacy. “When are you going to retire to private life?"” “Never,” replied Senator Sorghum. “When I leave office it'll be with as much publicity as possible.” Common Fate. The aviator sails on high ‘While you and I must trudge. And yet, sometimes, as you and I, He says, “Good Morning, Judge!"” Advancement. “If evolution is true, we have ad- vanced amazingly.” “We have,” agreed Miss Cayenne. “I can't imagine a group of chim- panzees going to the seashore and holding @ beauty contest. Jud Tunkins says he envies a base ball fan. He can always blame some one else for his most serious troubles. Hymn Revision. “What is that tune?” asked Mrs. Cumrox. “Old Hundred."” “I shouldn't think of singing it. Make it at least an Old Hundred Thou- sand.” ‘Thanksgiving. The turkey as a costly bird In every market ranks. I bought one and I spoke no word. The dealer gave the thanks. “De Bible,” said Uncle Eben, “gives some people sumpin’ to thinkiabout and others fes’ sumpin’ to talifabout.” THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Just as I thought I had_settled, with the ald of the American Gladiolus Society, the pronunciation of the nume of that charming flower, along comes J. P. S. of the Department of Agzri culture with a kick about the plural The society, it will be alled, adopted “gladi-o-lus,” long “o," with the accent on t /llable, as “off- cial” for both singular and plural. Reader: will also recall that the writer of this column ‘“polnted with pride” to the fact that he had ad- vanced this pronunciation last Spring. My correspondent s; “I wish to thank you for the boost you gave the ‘glad’ in The October 16. I am also intere your statement of the action of the It is unfortunate that the dld not make a_clear-cut de- cision in favor of E sh ‘as is.’ “The English plural of gladiolus is thoroughly established, and any at- tempt to substitute a plural that is even more un ish than the Latin plural can only tend to defeat the very purpose aimed at. “For the good of the ‘glad,’ T w! the stores would deal more fairly w respect to the bulbs. They could s 1 or No. 2 bulbs of many of the standard varieties at 50 to 60 cents a dozen and make a handsome prof And they should not offer No. 3 bulbs to the general public, at least not without making it clear to their customers that they are No. 3 and not full size “If you want to test out some rieties of unusual quality and mod- rate price, try Anna Eberius (purple self), and Golden Measure (solden yel- low self).” * k¥ X The English plural of “gladiolus” rred to by my corres 3 1s simply “gladioluse: form is given by Wel While it is per good Engiish, it is unfortuna somewhat clumsy, both to the and to the ear. I must confess that every time I hear the plural pronounced that way I cannot help but think of that humble (vet regarded by some men as necessary) article, 3 penders. often called For the sake of simplicity. as conformity, therefore, the Amer- iean Gladiol 3 adopted spelling and pronun for both 1 and I am not at all sure but 1l find in the long run did_right. has been enough business” about the = wonderful flower, now with thousands, by year. take nent - place gardens. Here was a lovely thing, a miracle of beauty, a tribute to modern horf lture as well. since tk varfeties are such flowe were scen before they w —here was this lovely thing. forced to be called one way man, another way by ¢ her man. haps I should say that the ad” was called one thing by men, another by women. Perhaps 9 out of 10 male beings pronounced i “gladi-o-lus.” Nine out of ten wom- en, however, preferred to call it “glad-eve-olus” with a bearing down accent the second syllat That was correct accord Latin, they would tell you w - ering contempt, if you dared to remonstrate. They quoted the great Century Dictionary, too A gentleman and a whose opinion in such matters I bhave the highest resy . has called my attention to the fact that there is” no authority nunci: of that they There n even in American scholar, for WASHIN tion there 13 with a short “o,” as in the word 'odd,” thus making the word sound like the “official” pro- nunclation, adopted by the Gladiolus Society, with the exception that the 0" is pronounced short, as in the word mentioned. So there you are! Pay your money and take your choice. * Kk Xk X Speaking of paylng money brings up to the second point of my corre- spondent. The sale of No. 3, No. 4, No. 5 and possibly No. 6 size gladiolus bulbs to amateur growers ought not to be in- dulged in by any dealers, without full explanation, and yet it is done. The writer got an Anna Eberlus bulb last Spring, paying a good sum for it, which was so small that it had no chance whatever of blooming this year. I believe it will next season. The point is that a seller of bulbs hurts his own business when he sends a customer a bulb that will not bloom the first year. To obviate this dif- ficulty, many growers list their bulbs according to size, and sell them at corresponding prices. Perhaps all amateurs should be fully aware of the difference in sizes, and undoubtedly they will be once they become “fans,” but probably many of them are not at first. Then, too, when one writes to a grower late in the Spring, say in June or even in July, he is lucky to get any bulbs at all. The grower sends him what he has left. So he gets the small sizes. In such cases, however, the dealer ought to remit the difference in price between the first size bulbs ordersd and paid for and the smaller bulbe sent. Many varieties give as good a flo er spike from a No. 2 size bulb a from a No. 1, and some a very good spike from a No. 3 size bulb. ‘In the main, however, only the first size bulb ill give the average backyard gar- dener what he wants The two “glads” mentioned abov Golden Measure and Anna Eberiu stand high in various referendums taken by gladiolus enthusiasts. Probably the best article I have read on this flower was “What's Best Among Gladiolus?”’ by Willlam Edwin Cl <, printed in the August number the Garden and Home Builder 1zine (then called Garden Maga- nd Home Builder). In this article Mr. Clark gave the results of the vote of the members of the New England Gladiolus Society, taken in the early part of 1924, as to the “best” varieties. In this expression of opinion vari ties stood as follows: 1, Mr: X 2, Mrs. F. C ink Pendleton; 4, rius and Purple ¢ Measure; 7, Ma Kirtland; B. L. Smith and Alice , ‘Carmen Sylva and E. J. underd; 11, DI h Rose; 13, Herada and 14, Richard Diener; Mona Lisa and Pink Crimson Glow and @ 12, Pe Prince of Wales 5, H. C ehl, Wonder, and 16, Louise. It is interesting to note that in the more elaborate vote taken by the American Gladiolus Society and made public January last Golden Measure stood No. 10 and Anna Eberius No. 28 in the list of 100 “best” varieties, the former with a percentage of 90.1 and 7.9. In this list Pur- Perhaps T may conclude these some- at rambling notes by pointing to e change In name of the magazine mentioned above and giving it as my opinion that its old, original name. Garden Magazine, was the best of all It seems to me that a garden presup- poses a home, and that a garden mag azine may treat of home furnishings without saying 8o specifically in fts title. >TON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE gton 011 will be in the air at Washi i again next week. On Tuesd vember 3, the Government from Chief Justice V decision quashing the Doheny- ‘tments in the District of Columbi: Court will be argued in the Court o Appeals. Tt will be recalled that the indictments were invalidated on the ground that Oliver 1. Pagan, special ssistant to the Attornev General, was present in the grand jury room. The point now at lssue is whether Mr. Pagan was “an authorized person,” as the Government’s counsel, Messrs. Atlee Pomerene and Owen J. Roberts, Wwill contend, or whether he was “an unauthorized person.” as Doheny counsel, Frank J. Hogan, will as stoutly maintain. The oll magnate's lawyer will argue that there is ample judicial precedent for quashing indict- ments voted in the presence of any- body illegally in a jury room. The Government will counter with the as- sertion that Mr. Pagan, as the “in- dictment expert” of the Department of Justice, was in no respect an {llicit bystander. The legal world of the whole country has its eve on the pro- ceedings. Xk A business mission to do business with business men is the description Ttaly applies to the debt negotiators who will begin operations in Wash- ington on ovember 3. Senator Guiseppe Volpi, chief of the mission, | is a self-made man. Volpl began life as an insurance agent. He became an _expert In an and Turkish trade and negotiated the treaty which ended the Italo-Turkish war. Later he had a brilliant_career as Governor of Tripolitana. Under his adminis- tration Italy reconquered much of the African territory which the local tribes took during the World Wa Signor Volpi founded the Adriatic Electricity Co., a hydroelectric enter- prise of which he was president till he became Mussolini's minister of finance. Not long ago King Victor Em- manuel gave Volpi the title of “Count of Misurata” in recognition of his work in Tripoll. He is 48 years old and is chiefly responsible for making his native city of Venice a great com- mercial port. Another able member of the Ttalian debt mission is Dr. Alberto Pirelli. He is 40 years old, the son of the famous Italian automobile manufacturer, and was Italian repre- sentatlve on the Dawes reparations commission. The third man of big business on the Italian mission is Dr. Mario Alberti, a native of Trieste and president of the National Bank of Albania. Dr. Albert! headed the pre- liminary Ttalian debt mission to the United States last Spring. * ok ok % Representative Frank R. Reld, Re- publican, of Illinols, Col. Mitchell’s bat- tling chief counsel, once hesitated be- tween journalism and the law as a ca- reer. He says it cost him so dearly to learn that he was not cut out for a publisher that he returned perma- nently to his first love, the bar. The eleventh Illinois district, of which Aurora is the center, sent Reld back to Congress in 1924 by a whaling vote. In 1922, when elected to his first term, he led his Democratic and Soclalist opponents by only 24,000. Last year his district rolled up a majority of 68,000 for him. Reld has been in the Illinois Legislature, State’s Attorney In his home county, and assistant United States Attorney at Chicago. He 1s 46 years old and is a militant Meth- odist. * ok ok ok One of Germany's political leaders has arrived in Washington to make a close-range study of our national ma- la | together from youth. The old | chinery. He is Anton Erkelenz, chair- man of the German Democratic party in the Reichstag. He plans to visit ious parts of the country before re- turning to Berlin. Herr Erkelenz is Rhinelander, hailing _from the Pittsbukh of Prussia,” Duesseldorf. he American {ndustrial system, the organization of our political parties the workings of Congress and our tax ructure are some of the subjects upon ich the German statesman seeks zht. Herr Erkelenz is an editor by profession, and, like most German leaders of the day, still in the forties. * Kk ok X Mrs. Robert Marlon La Follette, widow of the late Senator from Wis- consin, who will live with her son in Washington, is expected to be as unfailing_a tower of strength for “Young Bob” as she was for his fa- ther. The elder La Follettes grew up Sena- tor never made a major move in the game of statecraft or politics without consulting his wife. He relied on her more than on anybody else. Their 44 vears of marriage were vears of un- alloyed companionship. “Young Bob" inherited his father’s respect for Mrs. La Follette's political acumen. One of the mother’s jobs in Washington prob- ably will be to keep her promising son from capitulating prematurely to the snares of Cupid. “Young Bob” and Senators Hale, McKellar and Dill, now comprise the Senate's bachelor quar- tet. Out in Wisconsin folks are keep- ing an eye on “Phil” La Follette. At 25, he is brilllantly filling the place in'which his father began public life —prosector of Dane County, at Madi- son—and making the fur fly. * k * % Mrs. Henry W. Keyes, wife of the junior Senator from Vermont, has been touring the Far East in the in- terest of the Women's Magazine, to which she regularly contributes di creet but sprightly Washington let- ters. She seems to have capitulated to the charms of Japan. Before leaving Toklo the other day Mrs. Keyes wrote an ode to Nippon, which concluded as follows: I render thanks because the glit- tered haste That fills my days has, for a little space, Been lifted from my life, and I have stood Before your shrines and on your mountain tops, Beside your lakes and underneath © your stars; Until my weary soul, an empty cup, Has been refilled as from a crystal spring ‘Which flows from sources higher than its own, And, thus refreshed, has known the gentle joy Of looking on your loveliness, Japan! * Kk ok Somebody fond of statistics figured out a few weeks ago that during the last 19 years there have been 1,495 congressional hearings, at which a Niagara of 56,000,000 words were poured forth. The tabulation was evidently made on the basis of published hearings. Some hearings are never dignified by publication, so that the alleged grand total of lan- guage is probably an underestimate, Congress, since 1906, has probably emitted a good many more million words than were uttered during the same period at House and Senate hearings. Over the printed reports of hearings members of Congress burn a good deal more midnight electricity than is generally imagined. It is one of their mogp irksome jobs OCTOBER 30, 1925. League of Nations And the Balkans To the Editor of The Sta: The council of the League of Na- tions, in extraordinary session, held in Paris Monday, has {ssued an ulti- matum to the Greek and Bulgarian governments that within 24 hours they should report to the council that they have given unconditional orders for the withdrawal of their troops be- hind the frontler, and that within 60 hours thereafter to report the actual withdrawal of troops and cessation of hostilities. The cable dispatches fur- ther inform us that the governments of Great Britain, France and Italy will send officers into the disputed area to see that the terms of the league council shall be carried out. A _comparison of this case and that of the assassination of an Itallan offl- cial in the boundary line of Albania and Greece, where the Itallan govern- ment immediately dispatched troops and part of the fleet to take posses- sion of Corfu Island and impose ar- bitrarily the payment by the Greek government of 50,000,000 lire, and in bombarding the barracks used at that time for shelter of woman and child refugees of the Asfa Minor disas- ter, will readily show the difference. All your readers will remember that incident. Greece reported and most strenuously appealed to the League of Nations for action in that respect. Italy did not withdraw or deviate from her course one fota, nor did she con- sent that the League of Nations had ny right to mingle with the affair, stating that the same was a national honor, and that it was an affair en- tirely to be settled by herself and Greece without interference of the League of Natlons or the council thereof. * K * Kk In the Corfu incident Italy refused to submit.to the League of Nations, and the League of Nations did not take any action or send an ultimatum to Italy to comply with the terms of any article of the covenant of the League of Natlons. Because, how- ever, two weak countries have started to settle a dispute, which is contended that_on the one hand the irregulars of Bulgaria have continuously an- noyed the Greek troops on the bound- arles and have killed sentinels and regulars, occupied Greek territory, and, on the other hand, Greek troops, in order that this matter may be settled, once for all between the two countries, undertook punitive measures by oc- cupying some Bulgarian territory, and expelling the Bulgarian troops from k territory, the League of Nations has, this time, shown its authority. The present dispute involves two weak nations, and, therefore, ultimatum was sent to those countries. In the Corfu incident, however, one of the great powers was involved, and therefore no such ultimatum was issued either by the league or its council. The question presents itself: How far can the League of Nations settle putes between its members? Ap- only when weak nations are involved settlement seems secure, and not when one of the great powers is involved. If that is justice according to the views of the League of Na- tions, then the American people were right in voting against the league, and the United States Senate, properly up- holding the voters by rejecting the covenant, have saved our Nation em- Jarrassment and complications. w SOTERIOS NICHOLSON. John Paul Jones. To the Editor of The Star: In the interest of historical accuracy permit me to state, in regard to your editorial of Tuesday on John Paul Jones, that he did not settle in Vir- ginia when he came to this country, as stated by you, but located in Hali- fax County, N. C. Very little is known of his early life, or of the exact time and circum- stances of his arrival in this country. It is known, however, that he was a poor, peasant boy of Scotland, and that some time after his arrival he be- came a protege of Wylie Jones of Halifax County, N. C., and an inmate of his home for quite a while. It is also a fact that it was through the efforts and the infience of Mr. Jones that John Paul (for that was his orig- inal name) was appointed from North rolina a captain in the American Navy, and that, with the consent of Mr. Jones, he took the name of his patron and benefactor, who had been so kind to him, and made possible his great naval career, and thus gave him to the cause of American independ- ence. This Jones family were aristocrats of culture, refinement and wealth. Mrs. Jones was a lovely woman In every way, and deeply interested her- self In the welfare of this lonely boy, who reciprocated her interest in him with a filial affection bordering on adoration; and it was through their influence and example that John Paul became a gentleman of really elegant bearing and manners. Much of interest on this subject will be found in a very readable book, entitled “Drums,” by James Boyd, and also in a book by a Mr. Lanier of FrQericksburg, Va., an Episcopalian minister, on George Washington, the Mason. ALEXANDER SIDNEY LANIER. (Editor's Note—The Star’s statement that John Paul Jones, then John Paul, settled in Virginia was based upon the blographical sketches of the naval of- ficer in three works of presumptive authority, the Encyclopedia Ameri- cana, Appleton’s Cyclopedia of Biog- raphy and the National Cyclopedia of Biography. The Encyclopedia Britan- nica states that John Paul “suddenly gave up his command (of a merchant- man) to live in America in poverty and obscurity until 1775, and refers to his assumption of the name of Jones “out of regard for Willle Jones * * ¢ of North Carolina.” The National and Appleton cyclopedias state that he set- tled with his_brother, who owned a plantation in Virginia, the latter plac- ing the estate at Fredericksburg.) The Future of Felt. From fhe Duluth Herald. A plece of felt never knows wheth- er it will be a mascullne hat at §5 or a feminine hat at $18.95. Evolution. From the Rutland Herald. As the years pass prison life is made more and more attractive and more and more easily avoided, Expectant Youth. From the Baltimore Evening Sun. The modern boy is much lke the old-fashioned one, except that he wants more than a nickel. A Real Trust Busting. From the Omaha World-Herald. The Government’s suit against the alleged porcelain trust may be ex- pected to rattle some dishes at least. Medicines and Magazines. From the Springfleld Dally News. The doctor of medicine or dentistry who keeps up to date in his methods usually has the oldest magazines on his_waiting_room _table. The proportion of wheat to chaff is astonishingly small. President Cool- idge's aircraft commissioners have been spending a wearying fortnight piling through the Mount Everest of verblage that was hurled at them. (Copyright. 1925.). ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. How many people go dally to see the centennial exhibition of the National Academy of Design now be- ing held at the Corcoran Art Gallery? —D. F. A. A. The attendance varies. At ‘the opening there were 2,017 people in attendance. On Sunday, October 18, visitors numbered 2,496, while on Sunday, the 25th, during the three hours that the gallery was open, the exhibit was viewed by 3,420. It will be in Washington until November 16. It will then be removed to_the Grand Central Art Galleries, New York City, where it may be seen from December 1, 1925, to January 3, 1926, Q. How much cream does it take to make a pound of butter’—C. R. I. A. Approximately 1% quarts of cream are necessary to make ong pound of butter, provided the cre: tests 30 per cent butterfat. Q. How many passenger and freight cars are there in this coun- try?—J. P. 8. A. The latest figures available are Passenger cars, 54,719; box cars, 1, 048,231; coal cars, 949,791, Q. How does the number of men in the United States Navy com- pare with that of other nations? S. A. N. A. As of May 1, 1925, the regular establishment of the treaty powe: was: United States—officers, §,148; men, 86,000. British empire—Officers, 9,347; men, 98,552. Japanese empire— officers, 7,128; men, 65,404. France— officers, 8,496; men, 55,00C. Italy—Offi- cers, 2,18%; men, 40,591. Q. Tell me how and where Roque- fort cheese is made.—M. R. R. A. Roquefort comes from the town of Roquefort perched high on a moun- tain in the Department of Aveyron. French storians tell us that as back as “Bible times’ cheese was carried from Roquefort to the Med: terranean Sea. The peasant people used to carry cheese to the top of the mountain and hide it in caves, which were found to be especially fitted by nature for the storing of cheese. The cool temperature of the caves made them excellent store- houses. This cheese 18 made of sheep’s milk. Every morning the milk is skimmed, strained and warmed almost to the boiling point. Then it is put into pans and stirred with willow wythes. A little rennet is used to curdle the milk. After the curds are formed they are mixed with 1y prepared barley bread, which starts the green mold always to be seen in Roquefort cheese and helps to giv it its distinctive flavor. The cheese i allowed to remain in the press several ays and is then taken to the ca and sold. There it i3 cured with salt The outside of the cheese is rubbed with salt until the pores are filled The cheeses are cured in the caves for about four months, when they are shipped to nearly all parts of the world. Q. How did State and county fairs originate?—P. M. G. A. The origin of the State and county fair may be traced to the con- venience of brigging together at stated times the buyers and sellers of the stock produce of a district. In_Eu rope in the middle ages these fairs were generally connected with festi vals of the church, this being « sidered an appropriate time for bri ing_a large number of people gether. Q. Why was Beatrice Cenct cuted?- A. M. A. Beatrice Cenci was the daugh- ter of a Roman patrician. She s born in Rome February Her father for many years abused wife and family in the most way and as a result the fam cured his murder. They wer and sentenced to death. Bes s executed September 11, ‘The circumstances of her life have lc caused her to be considered a marty and her history has been the theme of several poems. Q. Who was Mrs. C. M. K. A. She was an anecdotal charac- ter of Sidmouth, England, who at- tempted to stem the incoming iide of the Atlantic Ocean with a mop dur- ing a great storm in 1824, and re- ferred to by Sidney Smith in a speech delivered at Taunton, England, in to- exe- pre Partington?— 1831 to point out the futility of the | opposition of the House of Lords to the reform movement. Mrs. Parting- ton is also the name of a character noted for her laughable misuse of words in many sketches by B. P. Shillaber, an American humorist. He published the first of Mrs. Parting- ton's sayings in the Boston Post in 1847. Q. How many Indian reservations are there?—P. A. R. A. There are 159 reservations and about 40 Indian missions. Q. How did New York pass from Dutch to English control?’—A. G. N. A. Great Britain acquired posses- slon of New York in a trade with the Netherlands in which parts of Gulana were ceded to the Netherlands. I { though n tried | How near a circle s the earth’s H. W. P. varies only sHghtly from Its eccentricity is but Q. orbit?- AL e being a circle. 0.01677. Q. What is the origin of the term ?—H. A. Dr. Vizetelly clamation has been t; man “autsch,” a cry says that the ex- aced to the Ger £ pain. Q. Why is some hair curly and other straight?—J. C. W. A. The contour of the hair is cir cular, oval or flattened. Whether a Sair is to be curly or straight is largely dependent upon its contour— the more oval or flattened it is thed {more it will curl. Q. How long is the Marseflle-Rhond Canal?—D. D. A. This canal is a notable Eu- ropean project executed during the war period involving an artificlal waterway 51 miles long and extend- ing from the Rhone River at Arles to the Bay of Marseille. It is also notable in htat it includes a tunne} four and one-half miles long which plerces the moun idge north of the city and affords direct access to the h ddition to the tunnel there was Involved a breakwater con- struction between Marseille and Port de Bonc. Q Why is some tea green and some black?—D. P. M. A. The same kind of tea leaves can be used for the manufacture of eithee green or black tea, the difference of the two teas lving merely in the process of curing. Yet, some varieties of tea leaves are better adapted than others for mak tea. In produ : leaves are sterilized by prevents oxidiz the leaf, which rei and when boiling water is poured over it the result is the green or greenish- yellow lquid. In anufacturing black tea the leaf Is allowed to fer ment, which changes its color from green to very dark brown. In the case of oolong, a sem!-fermented tea, the fermentatfon is allowed to reach a certain desired point. tea steam. This ation of visit the Scc Q. How many peonl teenth street? tish Rite Temple on S —T. W. T. A. The headquarters of t Councl of the Scottish Rite Southern Jurisdiction, is one of of the city. Between itors are ta arough It 1s open for pu hours and a guide i3 he Suprema | providead. their compensa- mher of em- 24 on Class L d the cor Was there Q i wave in Al rarthquake near curred in the latter boll weevils?— Is do eat boll weevils, ale ny great quantity. What per cent of rural teacher: Q H.L are norm | A. Thu dren in t schools, and fewe | the 300,000 te Torm per cent of these schools Q In + that Jun e you a t ends laid i (What aill you right.” Many an a those words. And if a | is often hard to o issue sett | Many disputes remain forever un termined. There are authoritics to be consulted, books to Le read, experts to be reached. But these are mot readily available to every person. In fact, there are feir neies in the world that can answer cvery legit mate question of fact. This paper one in a highly organ formati burcau that has been built up Washington. Its only object is serve you in your quest for inform tion. You are invited to call upon it as freely and as often as you please. | The only cost is 2 cents in stamps for | return postage. Address The Star I formation Bureau, Frederic J. Has director, Twenty-first and O streets, Washington, D. C.) Public Likes N. Y. Treatment Of Bargaining With Thieves Indictment of an insurance company detective in New York for bargaining with thieves and paying $65,000 cash for the return of nearly $700,000 worth of stolen jewels seems to strike the public as the proper method of putting an end to such transactions. The gems were owned by Mrs. James Donahue, ‘Woolworth helress, whose careless dis- play of such a fortune inspires much unfavorable comment. “We pretend no palliation for the thief,” says the Grand Rapids Herald, “but’ we hope madame will not again find it necessary to carry $700,000 worth of jewels around with her like so many street car slugs. Temptation does not excuse crime, but unneces- sary temptation certainly does not dis- courage I The Houston Chronicle also remarks that “Those who are the custodians of great fortunes owe an obligation, it would seem, to exercise the commonest kind of common judg- ment. Day after day the newspapers are full of stories of robberies and murders which are invited by this dis- play.” * K%k “It seems to u: observes the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, “that the really outstanding feature of the incident is ‘that Mr. Woolworth had to collect 6,- 830,000 dimes or 13,660,000 nickels to make it possible.” The Atlanta Journal takes note of public curlosity as to “why any one person should invest such a fortune in precious stones,” and supplies the answer: “Vanity is the answer to the riddle. The lure and love of personal adornment since the beginning of time have far outweighed other character- istics of the human race. There are savage tribes today that wear no cloth- ing, but none who wear no adorn- ments.” ‘The band of jewel thieves “naturally and inevitably will seek to repeat its triumph,” in the judgment of the Bridgeport Post, which sees in the “arrangement which resulted in the return of thegewels as great an injury to soclety e original theft itself.” To this the York Evening World adds that “no private arrangements with thieves can be satisfactory to the public.” * k% x “A private detective,” says the Bos- ton Tgaveler, “who did not take the | police into his confidence or co-operate | with them to the extent of having {them at d when he received the loot and paid the reward, has left a great many doubts in the public mind as to his fitness to be a detective.” The Sandusky Register, however, thinks the average person probably will “sustain the position of the pri- vate detective, that the interest of the |robbery vietim in recovering her Jjewels was greater than the interest ?flllhs public in sending somebody to What happened in this case im- presses the Utica Observer-Dispatch as being “about as near compounding felony as can be imagined,” while the Saginaw News-Courler declares “‘there 18 no question that in effect there was a compounding of felony." * ok % % The judgment that “modern crime is as efficient as the law” is expressed by the Peoria Transcript, while the Pittsburgh Gazette-Times draws the conclusion that there is support for “a common bellef that while a ‘small’ crook has no chance, there is no chance for honest people against a ‘big’ one.” The result will “cause other young men to launch bodly into the highly profitable and reasonably safe career of crime,” adds the Mem- phis News-Scimitar. The Seattle Times, viewing a suo- cession of such crimes, with “women of wealth as the object of attack.’ points especially to the “bad judg- ment’ of carrying ‘““fortunes in jewelry on the person while motoring."” The nahue incident reminds the Birmingham Press of Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer's bandit gang. “If ransom must be paid for the re- turn of stolen goods,” says the Press, “the New York, authorities are strongly of the opinion that Huckle- berry Finn (in that tale) had the only practical suggestion for doing it. His bright idea. as we recall it. was this; ‘Why not ransom them with & club?*t