Evening Star Newspaper, September 11, 1925, Page 6

6 i THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY SEPTEMBER 11, ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY.....September 11, 1025 THEODORE W. NOYES...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Busingas Offcs: S Feat 4ind se. ower Buildine. rent St.. London. . with the Sunday morn- ivered by carrie: carriors within r month: daily only. nth: only. 20 cents may be sent " *Roltact t by mail or gn 18 made by r at tho end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. fufle o iy 357 304842 Sunday only. 157.82.40: 1 mol! All Other States. 00: 15t only. 1y $3000: Member of the Associated Press. The Aseoctated i yed o 33 e r"nch'-“?nfi'-'-&' Pt o pot otherwiss cred- ied 15 (s Daver aad”pie. the'local nawe piblished heroin. Al righis of publication wpacial dispaiches horeln are also reserved. Saved From the Sea. Adrift for nine days in the Pacific, the nissing seaplane PN-9 No. 1 was found yesterday off the Island of Kaua) with her crew of five men alive and well. This news thrills the people of the United States with gladness. Yshen the plane disappeared in the tourse of an attempted flight from san Franeisco to Honolulu it was hoped that she would be found quick- 1y by the searching flotilla of de- stroyers and submarines sent at once to the rescue. But as days passed with no trace of the missing aviators that hope faded It was feared that the plane had sunk In the stress of weather, and that probably the mys- tery of its disappearance would never be solved. Each day added to the un- likelihood of reacue. Then suddenly came the flash of announcement that Comdr. Rodgers and his men were found. ‘When the plane was forced to de- scénd a few score miles east of the 1sland of Maul, the first objective of the flight, for lack of fuel, hope was ex- pressed that it would be sustained long enough to enable the searchers to rescue i{t. The plane was not off course then, but there are strong cur- rents in the sea causing a drift. With full knowledge of these currents the searchers spread out widely and scoured the ocean. It was suggested at the time that possibly some eccen- tricity of the tide had bafMed the sal- vage forces. This has proved to be the case. The plane was carried west- ward directly across the steamer lanes a distance of approximately 400 miles, passing to the northward of the Is- lands of Maui, Molokal and Oahu, on the last named of which is Honolulu. It 1s possible that if it had not been found when it was it would have gone ashore on Kaua!, which i{s the most northerly and, save for the small Island of Nithau, which lies to the southwest of Kaual, the most westerly of the Hawallan group. Had it not been beached, and possibly wrecked with the loss of all occupants, on the shores of Kaual it would perhaps then have gone on into the vastness of the ‘western Pacific. The attempted flight from San Fran- clsco to Honolulu fafled. One of the three planes assigned to this under- taking did not start. One came down a short distance from the mainland ‘with no loss of life, though the plane itself was wrecked on being towed back to shore. PN-9 No. 1 almost reached destination. Comdr. Rodgers would probably have made land and completed the flight but for the failure of his gasoline supply. Head winds had reduced his speed and exhausted his tanks. The fuel need of the flight had been underestimated. It is al- leged that the plane was overloaded, carrying more men than were neces- sary for {ts management, thus adding 10 the weight and drain upon the fuel store. The rescue of PN-9 No. 1 leaves the failure of this attempted flight free from tragedy. The effort will probably be renewed. The experience of this unsuccessful attempt can be put to profitable account. If the type of plane employed was not suitable an- other type will be adopted. Fuel sup- plies will be increased, perhaps each crew will be reduced in number. The suggestion, advanced by Col. Mitchell in his broadside of criticlsm against the aviation policles of the Govern- ment, that the escort flotilla be sta- tioned at closer intervals, and that each ship move forward the moment the planes are sighted to keep them always in view of at least one de- stroyer, should bs adopted. The ocean stretch between the mainiand and Hawail will be spanned through the air eventually. — e The Atlantic City pulchritude con- test has resulted in drawing the line between professional and amateur beauty, as in other American outdoor wports. —_————— Memorial Bridge Progress. Col. Sherrill, director of public build- ings and parks, announces that every nmajor bid for the Arlington Memorial Bridge will be let within 30 days, and that it is now hoped that the ‘bridge will be completed by March 4, 1930, four and & half years hence. If this program can be carried through a remarkable record will have been achlieved. A work of this character is necessarily slow. It must be thoroughly prepared for and ex- ecuted. Every unit of the work must bo perfectly done. In the case of a ‘bridge of this description conditions make for slow progress. The Arling- 1on Bridge will span the Potomac by means of a series of arches requiring s number of piers, each one of which is a problem in engineering. Founda- tiuys must be carried to bed rock within water-tight caissons. The con- struction of these shafts to the river bottom, to be sunk steadily as excava- tion progresses, is in itself a slow and tedious process. It cannot be rushed. Washington and Arlington with a link commemorating the reunion of the sections. The first proposal was made in the early elghtles, but was not seriously consjdered until half a dozen years later, when actual plans were advanced for the construction. Dur- ing the nineties a corner stone for the proposed memorial bridge was donated by one of the labor organizations. It lay for some years on the vacant ground at the corner of Pennsylvania avenue and Madison place, the site of the present Treasury annex. Again and again efforts to secure an appropriation for the memorial bridge were made in Congress. On several occasions this item was writ- ten into the sundry civil bill in, the Senate, only to be eliminated in con- ference upon the objection of the House. For g time it s8eemed as though this would become a perennial failure. But the practical need of another bridge between the Capital and Arling- ton was strikingly demonstrated on the occasion of the dedication of the tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington on the 11th of November, 1921. An immense throng attended the ceremonies and jammed the two avail- able bridges in & manner to prove that a broad, direct avenue of approach to the national shrine in Virginia should be provided. It then became assured that eventually provision would be definitely made. Some delay was caused by a difference of opinion as to the precise line of the bridge. Presi- dent Harding settied this question in his capacity as chairmag of the bridge commission {n favor of the dtrect course from the Lincoln Memorial. Col. Sherrill, the executive of the bridge commission, having given as- surance of the prosecution of this work as speedily as conditions permit, the public may rest assured of the achievement of a completion by the 4th of March, 1930, unless some visita- tion of nature or some extraordinary, now unforeseen, difficulty arises. In the hands of this efficlent officer the project is guaranteed. Dangerous Economy. One of the useless, unsightly and dangerous experiments in “stop” signs last night caused the serious injury of a motor cycle policeman at the in- tersection of Eighteenth street and New Hampshire avenue northwest. Tt only remained for an accident of this kind to show the utter futility of economy in carrying out the broad plan of boulevard highway develop- ment in the National Capital. The signs used at this intersection and at the corner of Eighteenth street and Massachusetts avenue are worse than makeshifts. They are positively dangerous to all travel Placed in the middle of the street these obstructions are not lighted, and are large enough almost to upset a small car if hit at the proper angle. As for motor cycles and bicycle riders, there is no chance for escape. It has been the practice in Wash- ington and other cities to light ade- quately all obstructions placed in the street. During the last few years il- luminating engineers have discovered that in certain cases a light is not necessary if the rays of lights from motor cars can be made to reflect from small prisms In the signs themselves. This plan was evidently attempt- ed when these four signals were laid down, because each sign has a small plece of red glass at the front. That this glass does not reflect the lights on the street and the lights of motor- ists could not have occurred to the constructors. Director Eldridge should order their removal at once. Continuance will re- sult in serious injuries and possible death to riders of motor cycles and bicycles, smashing of springs and axles on automobiles and suits against the District for unlighted obstructions in the street. Signs for boulevard streets and all other signs, for that matter, should be kept out of the roadway in so far as {s practicable. In carrying out the boulevard system adequate signs should be placed on the curb, in addi- tion to the word “stop” painted in the street. Cluttering up the highway with signals will only result in slow- ing down traffic, even if they are safe as far as accldents are concerned. Makeshifts should not be tolerated at any time, The boulevard system is too important to the thousands of users of motors in Washington. It 1s apparent that the trafic director will have to insist that the system be completed or recommend its aban donment. I e e L President Coolidge's return trip to Washington was nearly delayed by a dog fight on the dock. His refusal to umpire the contest saved the situation. Another display of that sterling com- mon sense that is his strongest char- acteristic. ——— ‘Turks have been officially ordered to adopt surnames, but are forbidden to choose those of historic persons. Wait until full suffrage is established there and see how the names of candidates are bestowed on infants. ————————— Estimates of the expenes of prévent. ing the pollution of the Potomac River by sewage run high into the millions. Public decency and health, however, demand action, whatever the size of the bill. Urban Aviation Fields. A plan is projected for a roof on a proposed new post office in the city of Chicago large enough to permit the landing of mail planes.. The building, if erected according to the present ideas, will cost- $15,000,000, and the platform will be two city blocks in length. By means of it the air-mail time between Chicago and FEastern points will be cut by nearly an hour, which is required now to transfer mail from the landing field in the suburbs. There is nothing fantastic about this idea of a roof-landing place. It has been suggested as an inevitable development of aviation. As long as the present type of plane is used long spaces will be necessary for the launching and landing of heavier-than- Lives are at stake. Completion of the bridge by the 4th of March, 1930, will put that great structure in commission in about 50 sars from the time it was first sug- gcsted to span the Potomac between air craft. Unless the helicopter, or vertically rising and descending plane, is perfected, any service, commercial or official, will call for large spaces for starting and stopping. Tt does mot follow that alrdromen or plane-storage establishments must be maintained within the heart of the city. These may be located on the outskirts. For practical service, how- ever, landing points for the discharge of mail, of small-compass frefght and passengers must be placed within the business sections of the cities. The essence of alrplane service is speed. It does not justify itself if in saving time in actual transit there is loss of time at the starting and stopping points. Recently a naval plane flew from Philadelphia to this city in less time than was required for her passengers to reach the starting place in the former city and the center of Washington from the landing place here. . In Washington the shortest transit from, for example, The Star Bullding to Bolling Field requires 45 minutes, more than the time required to fly to Baltimore. It calls for no stretch of the imag- ination to envision in the near future facilities within the center of each city for the launching and landing of planes in official or commercial serv- ice. As the art develops, and as pilots are trained, the distance necessary for starting and landing grows less. But with the heavier-than-air machine of the present type it will always be necessary to provide stretches of sev- eral hundred feet for this purpose. The helicopter, which is still in the ex- perimental stage, may solve this prob- lem. e ———— Tong “Conspirators” Freed. When the Chinese tong war in New York recently reached the point of a dafly killing police heads and the dis- trict attorney called in the leaders of the rival tongs and warned them that if the conflict continued they would be held personally responsible as conspir- ators. They promised to endeavor to stop the warfare, though protesting that they could not be held account. able for the individual acts of China- men, disclaiming any organization hostilities. For a few hours a truce prevailed. Then the tong killings were renewed. On Wednesday two Hip Sings were slain. Threes On Leong leaders were arrested and charged with complicity. Yesterday a magis- trate discharged them. The court ruled that no evidence had been pre- sented to show that the three men were implicated in any way in a plot, and so Henry Moy, Lee Doo and Gee Lee Min, On Leong officlals, were freed. Meanwhile Wong Fook, a Hip 8ing, was being indicted for the mur- der of an On Leong laundryman last week. Thus fails the effort to stop the tong warfare at the source. A charge of conspiracy against tong officials and leaders would be one of the most diffi cult things in the world to prove. It would be perhaps like the definition of impossibility said to have been given by Confuclus to one of his disciples: “The hardest thing in the world is hunting for a black cat on a dark night when the black cat is not there.” e It turns out that the new Earl of Portsmouth is a naturalized American citizen. Inasmuch as Great Britain does not recognize such processes, de- clining to concede that a British sub- Ject can allenate his status, this fact will not keep the former cowboy out of the House of Lords if he wishes to sit there, ——————— Prayers for rain have lately been in order in several sections of the country. Unless the coal strike is quickly ended prayers for warm weather will prevail generally in about six weeks. ————— The cost of a comprehensive public building program, to supply the needs of the Government in Washington, is sure to be offset by savings in rents, to say nothing of gains in administra- tive efficiency. ————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Discouraging Computations. “Your future son-in-law has been telling me about his vast estate: the friend of the family, “Yes,” answered Mr. Cumrox, “I wish he'd quit reminding me of them.” “I should pleased.” ““Not at all. The vaster the estates, the bigger the mortgages.” Method. “What makes you keep on asking me if the razor hurts?" asked the man who was being shaved “I've sald ‘ves’ three times, and it hasn’t made any difference.” “No," answered the barber, “I was merely trying my razors out to see which of them wants honing.” Growth of Arbitration. Who says the world is growing worse? ‘Who says that peace is not in sight, When e'en the pugilists converse TInstead of getting up a fight? think you would be An Object of Increased Solicitude. “There never was a time when the farmer was 8o highly considered as he right,” answered Mr. Corn. tossel, ““they're mekin’ @ heap o' fuss over us agricultural folks. You see, crops has been kind o' good lately. In addition to votes we've mot a little spare change that's worth lookin' after.” Two Guesses. “There is & man who does not care how many tears he may cause,” sald the emotional citizen. “He takes no count of the blighted hopes with which his pathway may be strewn, but—" ““Cut it short, old man,” interrupted the busy person. “What is he, a base ball umpire or a customs inspector?” The Amateur Gunmer. "Tis now the hunter takes a gun Into the marshy waste. In quest of provender and fun He goes with eager haste. He wades knee-deep in clinging mud ‘Where microbes gayly float, Or braves the slow, meandering flood In an uncertain boat. And when his homeward trip is made He has a bunch that's nice, For which he learned that he had paid ‘Three times the market price. { THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Fighting root lice with tobacco ‘water has resulted in the glory of the Autumn garden—the asters. Today they flaunt their pink and white Beauty along the three sides of the back yard, giving the border that graceful beauty which they alone can give it. Not that the aster is more beauti- ful than many other flowers. It s not; and yet it does possess a charm all of its own, just the rose does, and the gladfolus, and the pansy, too, and the little violet, each in its own way. The root lice were determined there should be no asters in the garden this Fall. Perhaps it would be more accurate to say that the ants were determined. These busybodies herd the lice, which are their cows, and deliberately place them on the roots. Get rid of the ants, then, and you get rid of the lic This is good advice, and, if taken early enough, probably would save the gardener a great deal of work. Getting rid of ants, however, is harder work than killing the root lice, if possible. In the garden under discussion the lice wers at home on the roots of the young plants before it was real- ized. One day a plant hegan to droop and {ts healthy green leaves to take on a sickly light greenish hue, with a touch of yellow in it. Now there are #o many things that can happen to asters, as all know who have ever raised them—or at- tempted to raise them—that one can scarcely determine, from a casual in- spection. just what s the matter when suddenly a plant seems sick. In such a case, it is always well to take up a plant or two and ex- amine their roots. A e If there, the lice will be plainly visi- ble. They are not the green fellows that attack rose bushes and the altheas, but pale lice, pale in a dark sort of way, as befits a creaturs that lives underground. Looking down the lemg border of little plants, the impossibility of tak- ing them all up, even if it could be done without harm to their growth, was apparent. The first wild idea of scraping the lice off by hand was siven up. A 40 per cent nicotine solution kills the lice above ground. Why wouldn’t it do_it below the surface? Well, we will try it, for unless we do something we are going to lose every aster plant in the garden. A gallon of tobacco water is pre- pared, vile-smelling stuff, yet good for our purposs. With the trowel a hole is dug immediately at the side of each plant, and a generous amount of the water poured down it. This is repeated close to the other side of the plant, the idea being to put the nicotine squarely on the in- fected roots, if possible, for it kills by contact only. When the 40 per cent nicotine solu- tion is spraved on the green lice on rose bushes it shrivels them up brown. We hope jt will do the same to the miner lice. 8ix gallons of solution are prepared and carefully placed on the roots of the plants, one by one, here a little and there a little. Several weeks later the plants ap- pear to be suffering again. Six more gallons of water are poured down. By this time we see it is doing good, and in no way affecting the growth of the plants adversely. This is one of the pleasant features of gardening, that certaln chemicals have the power to kill “bugs” but do not injure the plants in any way. This happy working out of so many things we use has always struck me. It can be traced in many directions. [Even the air we breathe is nicely tem. pered to our lungs. If it had a little more of this in it, or a little less of that, we could not breathe. * ok ok % In all, some 30 gallons of tobacco water were put on the roots of those plants. It was a great deal of work and took a great deal of time, to say nothing of the money invested. But it has been worth all of it Today the asters glorify the garden and as cut flowers are absolutely un- surpassed. I suppose there is no other bloom that lasts as long in water as the aster. At the end of a week the flowers In vases appear absolutely fresh as thelr sisters which have just come out in the garden. Two weeks in good condition Is no unusual time for as- ters as cut flowers. The blooms, too, have a certain delicacy and grace not often found. The good old zinnla makes a good cut flower, but is coarse in compari- son with the asters. Some like the purple asters the best, but perhaps most like better the pink, red and white ones. There is one great pink aster, with a gold center, that 1s queen of the garden to most beholders. Then there {s a winecolored red one that gives a shimmering effect, also large, white asters as beautiful as the best chrysanthemums. The green foliage and wiry stems of the aster add to its total effect. A border of these plants is a beaut!- ful sight, making the fmaginative feel as if some fuiry had brought back {the great pink and white cocoanut cakes of childhood days for an Autumn_display. They do, indeed, look good enough to eat, and that is just exactly what the aster beetle then starts in to do. One has to be “on the job” to raise asters. Besides the lice, they can get the “wilt,” and the “yellows,” to say nothing of the beetles. The so-called aster beetle is an ugly fellow, black and rather long, with a great greed for the petals. A herd of them can despofl & border in an aft- ernoon. Eternal vigllance is the best remedy. If a kind neighbor calls you on the telephone, and tells you that the as- ter beetles are after his or her flow- ers, do not commiserate with him (or her), and then forget about it. Hustle out into your own garden, and do not rest until you have dis- covered every beetle, and made awa. ‘with it by hand. There may be sprays effective lagainst them, but ‘hand picking” never falls. Horticulturists have done wonderful things with the old wild asters, and also with the Chinese aster, the com- mon one of the modern flower garden. Few books and no catalogues tell of the troubles which the aster may face, and perhaps they are right in not dwelling upon them, for they thus might scare many amateur garden- ers away from their culture, which would be a shame, for they are lovely flowers, and wdrth all the work and perturbation they cause. The aster belongs to the Composite family of plants, which includes the Scotch thistle, the Gaillardia, the daisy, the double cosmos, calendula, heliopsis, sweet sultan and venidium, among others, according to Prof. L. H. Bailey, in his latest book, “The Gar- dener.” Some gardeners never have any trou- ble at all with asters, and, on the other hand, some commercial grow- ers have simply had to give them up. You can never tell. As a word of warning, perhaps it would be well to advise all back yard gardeners to use discretion and not grow too many of them. There are other plants almost as pretty that are “sure fire,” and they are the ones to concen- trate on. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC Gen. John J. Pershing may have to remain in South America for a full year. The Tacna-Arica tangle, which was thought by all concerned might be unraveled in weeks, now gives promise of becoming a knot that will not be untied for months. So Pe: the west coast of South America for an indefinite period—certainly over| the coming Fall and Winter, and probably until next Summer. The general sends word to Washington friends that the prospect does not disconcert him. In the words of the officlal ballad of the American ex- peditionary forces, Pershing “won't come back till it's over over there. * Ok K % Capt. Walter R. Gherardl, U. 8. N., Secretary Wilbur's chief alde, was American naval attache at Berlin during the pre-war years when thé Germans were undergoing _their heart-breaking and life-losing ex- periences with Zeppelin airships. Gherardi sent the Navy Department a report on the destruction of the Zeppelin L-1, the first dirigible ever attached to the Kaiser's fleet, which was wrecked off Helgoland in Sep- tember, 1913. The report has just been dlsinterred. It shows that the L-1 was wrecked under almost the identical conditions that destroved the Shenandoah—a so-called “line squall’ that came up unexpectedly after a filght begun under ideal weather conditions. Like the Shen- andoah, the L-1 buckled and broke in two, after her gallant crew, like Lansdowne’s men, had stuck to their posts, thrown out ballast and resort- ed to every other means of salvation at their command. Another traglc point of similarity between the two disasters is that the loss of life was nearly the same—L-1 lost her com- mander and 14 men; the Shenandoah her skipper and 13 comrades. * k% % Senator James W. Wadsworth, jr., of New York passed through Wash: ington during the week en route from Gettysburg, where he dedicated a monument to the memory of Em- pire State commanders. He deliv- ered what he calls “about the 7,999th Gettysburg address” and couched it in terms that meet, in his opinion, the primary need of the hour—ade- quate military preparedness. Senator ‘Wadsworth's late father was a regi- mental commander in the battle of Gettysburg. “Jimmy” Wadsworth talks military affairs, as chairman of the Senate committee on that vital subject, from the standpoint of a soldler. He was out of his grad- uating class at Yale in 1898 just in time to get into the Bpanish-Ameri- can War, and has ever since main- tained a lively interest in the organ- ization of veterans of that cam- paign. Wadsworth, of course, is keeping an eagle eye on the furious New York munici) campaign. If he has to meet Al Smith in the 1926 senatorial race, a Hylan-Hearst vic- tory next week would not be without influence on events a year hence. * * k% Not long ago a hrokerage firm in Cincinnati went to the wall. The auditors who went over its books were able to account for and explain all the entries except a mysterious item that cropped up periodically under the name of “Al K. Hall.” It turned out to be the account in which the bankrupts kept track of their deal- ings with & firm of bootleggers. * % % % ‘The power-wielding West will be extensively represented when the World War debt funding. commission swings into action with Italy, Rumania and the rest of our Euro- pean dsbtors. No fewer than four out hing's address is likely to be| WILLIAM WILE. of the eight members of the commis- sion are Western men—Secretaries Kellogg and Hoover, who come, re- spectively, from Minnesota and Cali- | fornia; Edward N. Hurley of Illinols (and Senator Reed Smoot of Utah. Representative Theodore E. Burton of Ohio may be said to represent the | Middle West. New England’'s com- missioner is Richard Olney of Massa- chusetts, & former member of the House of Representatives and a son of a former . Secretary of State. | Dixte's spokesman is Representative Charles R. Crisp of Georgla, son of a former Speaker of the House. Messrs. Hurley, Olney and Crisp are Demo- crats. L Washington long has looked upon E;:;.bel: l;loaverlu the Nation's ha:dy great emergency, so it Is natural that the Secretary of Com- merce should be mentioned as the ideal head of a “‘disinterested” board of inguiry into Afr Service affairs. It is a fairly general consensus that a | select committee of Congress should |not be permitted to conduct an in- | vestigation. Congressional investiga- |tions, in light of recent history on Capitol Hill, do not command twide- spread popular confidence. A commis- sion on which House and Senate are represented, but not predominant, ‘would probably find much livelier ap- probation. The Senate boasts of a practical flying member in the person of Senator Hiram Bingham, Repub- lican, of Connecticut, who is a brevet- ted aviator pflot in the Army. In 1917 he was placed in charge of all United States schools of military aeronautics, and when the war ended Bingham, with the rank of lleutenant colonel, was commanding officer of the Army's aviation instruction center at Is. soudun, France, the largest flying school in the allied armies. Senator Bingham's_profession is that of an explorer. The Mitchell charges would give him a life-time opportunity for {ts practice. L The broad brick stairs at the en- trance of the bullding on Capitol Hill, whence “Gen.” Wayne B. Wheeler directs the activities of the dry forces, are adorned on either side with a gleaming brass rail. It’s precisely the kind that used to be leaned against in molster times. Wheeler denies the rails were put up as trophies of vic- tory in the anti-saloon war, but con- cedes they are not inappropriate deco- rative effects. (Copsrisht, 1925.) Hotel Accommodates With Seven-Foot Beds To the Editor of The Sta: My attentlon has been called to an interview with Mr. Benjamin Ostlin which appeared in your valued paper recently. Mr. Ostlin stated he was the president of the Tall Men's Asso- clation, whose aims are to secure comfortable accommodations for tall men in hotels and Pullman cars. He stated that the Willard Hotel man- agement had promised to install 7-foot I’ have recelved a letter from my good friend Mr. Fred Z. Pantlind, president of the Pantlind Hotel Co. of Grand Raplds, Mich., which throws some light on this burning question of long beds for tall men. Both in the general interest and the interest of “hist accuracy,” I would be glad if you could publish this state- ment from Mr. Pantlind: i e At 0 B g e the Pantlind Hotel of Aviation’s Future By Senator Hiram Bingham of Connecticus. We all want to see America first in the air. European travelers tell us that there are comfortable cabin air- planes plying regularly between Lon- don and Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam, Berlin, Moscow, Bukharest and other leading cities of the continent. We realize that no such service exists be- tween New York and other great American cities. Furthermore, we hear on all sides that our military and naval pliots are dissatisfled with the conduct of aviation affairs by the War Department and the Navy Depart- ment. Commercial aviation has for the past tew years been unsatisfactory and relatively dangerous. Evidently all 1s not well with aviation in the United States. How can we provide for a brighter future? How can we help put America first in the air? Q. Is the number of paupers in the United States increasing or decreas- ing?—N. T. A. At last report there were fewer paupers in our alms houses than at any time in 20 years. In proportion to population the ratio was the small- est in the history of the country. In numbers thers wers 78,090, of whom native-born whites numbered 48,015 and forelgn-born ‘whites 23,657 Q. What 1s the endurance record of speech?—B. M. I A. The non-stop record of continu- ous speech is held by Miss Kitty Charlayes, which stands at 43 hours flat. A German actor named Horaz ‘will endeavor to talk 48 hours without intermission. Q. What is meant by the term “‘monts-de-plete’?—D. M. A. It is a French term meaning “funds of plety,” and is applied throughout Europe to public or semi- public institutions organized to lend Combined Ministry Opposed. I do not agree with those who be- lieve the answer to be found in an in- dependent air ministry where Army. Navy and commerclal aviation are combined under one head. I do not belleve you can mix war and com- merce successfully. The problems of the Becretary of Commerce are far different from the problems of the Becretary of War. We do not expect the Secretary of the Navy to provide alds to ocean navigation. They are furnished by the Secretary of Com- merce through his Bureau of Light- houses, his Bureau of Navigation, his Steamboat Inspection Service and his Coast and Geodetic Survey. He should be required by law to provide similar services for air navigation. No one expects ocean navigation to be suc- cesstully and safely carried on with- out these important atds. How, then, can we expect commercial aviation to be successful and to have a brilliant future when the United States Gov- ernment fails to provide aids to air navigation similar to those it grants ocean navigation? This, then, is the first step which should be taken to promote the future of aviation. Make the Secretary of Commerce respon- sible for promoting and protecting the navigation of the air. This can be done by establishing a bureau of air navigation in the Department of Com- merce and either giving it very wide duties and adequate powers and suf- ficlent appropriations or by supple- menting its efforts by increasing the duties of the Bureau of Lighthouses and the Coast and Geodetic Survey and requiring them to extend their activities 8o as to include the lighting and marking of airports and the charting of airways. This seems to me a reasonable and efficient way to promote commercial aviation. The air ports themselves must, with few exceptions, be pro- vided by States and municipalities as Connecticut and Hartford have already done on the banks of the Connecticut River at Brainerd Field. The States will have to lend further ald in the matter of navigable air- ways. Ocean commerce depends on harbors and on the way they are made into seaports. Alr commerce depends on airports conveniently located and adequately provided with shops, hangars, lights and hourly weather reports. Specialization Needed. The future of successful air de- fenses depends on a recognition by the Army and Navy of the necessity for specialization in aviation and of the extreme importance of this little- understood art which can render such vital ald to infantry and to battle- ships. My interest in military aero- nautics began nine vears agd about the timpe I learned to fly. My studies have led me to belleve that as land birds and sea birds use the air only tor purposes of fighting and hunting and depend upon land and water for nesting and resting, so our land and water aviators using the air for fighting and scouting must eventually use land or water for their bases. These essential and important bases must be protected by infantry and battleships. If they are captured and held by enemy infantry or enemy battleships, the military aviator, no matter how energetic and daring he may be, will find his boasted inde- pendence of little avall. On the other hand, I do believe that the future of military aviation would be greatly promoted were the Army Air Service given a separate budget and a separate promotion list. 1 also am firmly of the opinion that the progress of naval aviation depends on prompt recognition by the Navy of the importance of speclalization in aviation. The best solution would be a separate corps like the Marine Corps. We cannot expect proper de- velopment of naval aviation as long as non-flying officers are in com- mand of naval aviation schools and of naval flying squadrons. The Army learned during the World War that those who were responsible for commanding the training and opera- tions of aviators should be them- selves aviators. The Navy has not yet reached this conclusion. Tt is to be hoped that “land lubbers” and “sea lubbers” will soon be willing to give “air lubbers” more responsi- bility and greater freedom of com- mand, as well as greater assistance in covering the dangers and ob- stacles which must necesearily beset an art =0 new as the navigation of the alr. (Copyright, 1925.) s The Cheesemaker. The movement to develop dairying in Nebraska has encouraged the be- ginning of an infant cheese industry. With sound business management and the production of types which will ap- peal to the palates of a world which seems to be rather fond of cheese, there is no reason why the industry should not prosper in this State. According to a bulletin of the De- partment of Commerce, the cheese consumption of the world was 50,000, 000 pounds greater last year than the year before. The United States is one of the three great cheese-importing nations. A great deal of foreign cheese will probably continue to be imported, even with the development of the industry in this country, because there will al- ways be those who prefer certain fla- vors which can only be had from abroad. Hawever, a great deal can be done in the cultivation of a taste for Amer- fean types ef cheese and in the build- ing up of forelgn markets. Cheese, it appears, is to continue to grow in popularity as an important article of diet. Nebraska, if it will, can become an important purveyor of this kind of food, as it already is of butter, pork, beef and cereals.—Omaha World- Herald. Another Indoor Sport. From the Birmingham Age-Herald. ‘We are reminded that a wvi cleaner may be used in catch Thus is another added to the iydoor sports. um st of Just an American Custom. From the San Francisco Chronicle. If all Americans were placed end to end, they would just think they were waiting in line as usual. proportion, for the last two years, and many tall men have found great com- fort here. No extra charge is made for this service, the is given & ‘measuri mental tration and it | signed one of these question.” money to the poor at low rates of interest on goods deposited. Q. Can a murder case be tried in the United States Supreme Court?— G. A. D. A. A murder case may be carried ap to the United States Supreme Court if 1t is & crime in which the United States has jurisdiction. The case of Czolgosz, assassinator of President McKinley, was a case which was de- gldadt by the United States Supreme ourt. Q. How old is the present bullding of Trinity Church, New York City? N. A. M A. The first church, 1688, lasted till 1776, when it was destroyed by fire. In 1788 a second buliding was erected on the same spot. This was judged to be unsafe and was razed In 1839. The present structure was dedicated on Ascension day, 1845. Q. What produces the sparks when a hand-operated {gniter for a gas stove is used?—W. P. 8. A. The sparks consist of highly heated particles of a socalled pyro- phoric alloy which are produced by rubbing contact between a bit of the alloy and the teeth of a file. The al- loy, discovered by Van Welsbach, is composed of the rare metal cerlum jand tron. Its property is such that the rubbing contact with the file auses the emission of a shower of sparks, the heat of which latter is suf- ficient to ignite gas or an inflammable liquid with which the wick of a cigar !ghter is saturated. Q. What causes flat feet?—D. 8. A. Flat foot is nearly always caused by bad posture, by muscles weakened through lack of proper exercise, and especially by the use of shoes of poor type which limit muscle action, espe- cially action of the toes, and give a faulty weight distribution on the foot. Q. What kind of furniture did the Egyptians use?’—R. E. A. They had chairs made of finest woods in great variety of design, coversd with rich cloths or skins, and inlaid with gold and ivory. They also had couches, stools and sofas, carpets and rugs, tables and bedsteads. Q. What is mercerization>—M. R. D. A. Mercerization involves the treat ment of cotton fiber chemically, cau ing partial dissolution of the cellulose of the fiber, and resulting change in the character and properties of the latter. According to the usual method of mercerizing, cotton, either in the form of yarn or in that of woven cloth, is treated with caustic alkali, followed by washing to dispose of the alkall. The material shrinks more or less under the treatment. By forcibly stretching’ the material during the treatment it is given the hig! terizes mercerized goods. &ull by alternating the treatment caustic alkall with treatment by sul phuric acid. Q. When was a gaze 5SL, ¥ gazetteer first A. The first geographical diction ary which s known is that of Stephen of Byzantium, who lived in the sixth century. Only an abridgement of it remains. The first modern gazettaer Is the “Dictionarium Historico-Geo- graphicum,” 1665, by Charles Stephens Q. What is the lowest hor engine used in an alrplane?’- Z. A. The lowest used is a 8horse power engine used in the Dewoltine light airplane, D-7. Q. How does the number of mar ried women employed compare with qun;‘her of &lngle women employed?— A. According to the latest figures |compiled by the Department of Labor there are employed in the United States, married females engaged in gainful occupations, 1,920,281; widowed, single and divi engaged in gain. ful occupation: 6.515. Q. Who was Black Agnes?—I. M. A Black Agnes (so-called from he: complexion) was tha Countess of March. She defended Dunbar Castle against Montague Earl of Salisbur: in 1338, for five months, until, re foroements having reached her by sea, the English withdrew. Ths incidents of the stege make the story one of {the most picturesque in Scoitish his tory. Q. Is there a liquid metal?—V. Z A. Mercury is the only liquid metal . _How mayv I become an officer in the Naval Reserve?—H. C. M A._ Those eligible to commissions in the United States Naval Reserve are those who have had commissions in the regular service. However, if one s served as an enlisted man in the aval Reserve he is eligible to take the examination and become an officer Q. What sort of musio and art has Abyssinia?—A. H. A. Abyssinia’s art is cruda. Ome writer on the subject says it {s mainly reserved for rough ocs i churches. Tt is Byzantine and gaudy Probably the most notable example for frescoes is the Church of the Hol: Trinity at Adowa and the Church of S ata on the shore of Lake Tsana Abyssinia produces leather works, em brolderies and flligree metal work The chief musical instruments are rough types of trumpets and flutes, drums, cymbals and quadrangular harps. Q. Was the author of *“Dadd: Long_Legs" related to Mark Twain M. A. Jean Webster (McKinney) was the niece of Mark Twaln. She dled in 1916. Q. We have some British friends visiting_us who have decided to sta: here. What steps are necessary?— A. 8. A. Aliens from abroad admitted as visitors can in no circumstances be allowed to remain permanently Allens who remain here for a longer period than that for which they are admitted are violating the immigra tion laws and are subject to arres and deportation. (It is the desire and privilege of the organization this paper maintains in Washington to give reliable and prompt service to all requests for in- formation. This is its purpose and its aim. It often happens, however, tha! readers write in for information and 1ail to give their names and addresses Buch occurrences leave the bureau v glossy | tion sent to the bureau appearance, more or less resembling | to inclose 2 cents in stamps for return that of silk, which frequently charac- | postage. Special re- | tion Bureau, Frederic 1 are secured in some instances | rector, with | northwest, Washington, D. C.) | helpless. Be sure that your name and address is signed to every communica Also be sure Address The Star Informa Haskin, di- Twenty-first and O streets Two BEpiscopal bishope, Irving P. Johnson of Colorado and Charles L. Slattery of Massachusetts, have re- vived the controvefsy over the word “obey” in marriage. The former pro- tests against changing ‘‘the word of God" and would retain the word on the ground that the family, as a corpora- tion, requires an executive. The lat- ter upholds the idea that there is no subordination of one person to an- other. Public opinion is divided as usual. ““The good bishop is confused as to the word of God,” in the opinion of the Reno Gazette, “for the Book of Com mon Prayer is, for the most part, only a transiation of prayers and ritual that, before the reign of Edward VI, were in Latin, written by priests of the church. The New Orleans con- vention will act on the theory that what man has made he can unmake or amend, and it might be pointed out to the bishop, further, that the mar- riage service as we have it in America has already omitted parts of the orig inal Anglican service.” * % % Bishop Johnson's reference to the family as a corporation, *“with the man as the head or presided over by a committee of two,” is met by the New York Evening Post with the argu- ment: “If Bishop Johnson can get a corporation view of marriage estab- lished so that the man can be voted into the position of president and with his wife constitute the executive com- mittee, and be the managing director of the firm, we are likely to see some progress toward the solution of a vex- ing problem. But even then there will be some trouble, for no board of direc- tors ever takes a pledge to obey the president.” “The only flaw in this dream about the dear departed pas the Kansas City Post contends, “is that no such time ever existed. Not for a single instant do we believe husbands bossed their wives a century ago, any more than they do now. It's only these present-day flappers who choke over a word in'the ceremony.” The logic of the advocates of elimination of ‘“obey” is admitted by the Ann Arbor Times-News, which declares: “A very good reason for elimination of ‘obey’ would be that it serves no useful purpose; it doesn’t mean any- thing. Leave it in the ceremony if you choose, but the fact remains that obeying simply isn’t being done by either of the parties involved in the nuptial proceedings.” * % % * In an interpretation of *the mnew feminine philosophy,” the Lincoln Star says this school of thought “has urged the woman to go beyond the walls of her home, to enlarge her horizon, to enter the flelds of business and industry and art and finance and education. It has suggested to her that the sacrifice and the responsibil- ities of the wife and mother are so great that she should hesitate to make them. Dr. Johnson's thoughts of marriage may be old-fashioned and reactionary, but they are inspired by |a situation which challenges atten- tion.” Referring also to the “futurist fe- male,” the Charlotte Observer sug- gests that she will “remind us that if man's headship of the family was bottomed on ‘his duty to provide and protect,’ the husband has been de- ived of that headship or leadership ‘woman's ability to provide for and protect herself.” * k¥ % The idea of “the family as a de- mocracy and a full partnership, with Did the Bride’s Promise To Obey Ever Have Force? authority not monopolized but shared,” appeals to the Baton Rouge Louisiana Press, which contends that “a har monious understanding. acquired through years of adjustment, is very much stronger and sweeter and bet ter than any domestio autocracy euch as the word ‘obey’ implies.” The Bos ton Transcript, however, observes “Bishop Johnson's contentfon by im plication is that if you divide the authority in the family you weaken the possibility of discipline, and if you do this you do what results in harm to the public life in general One thing is clear enough—that the children must learn discipline_either in the family or in after life. If they do not, the results are what are too often &een on the front pages of the newspapers.” Bishop Slattery, quoted by the Davenport Democrat, &a “Marriage is a mutual relationship, not the sub ordination of one to the other,” and the Democrat holds that “on a straw vote, Bishop Slattery would have it In most well regulated families, ac cording to the Peoria Transcript, “it may be safely assumed that lea ship rarely becomes an issue between husband and wife; raising the issue of authority in the home is the first sign of domestic dissolution.” PR “Nature seems to run these things to suit herself, regardless of eccles! astical statutes and theological rules; some women are just naturally borr to rule and some men to obey,” is the judgment of the Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail. “In the ideal home there is never any question of obedience headship or ~ subordination,” the Coshocton Tribune adds. “Doubtless, the promise s often made with mental reservations, and it might be more honest to omit it as some do now,” says the New Or leans Tribune, while the New London Day suggests that “Bishop Johnson would do better to insist that the | word ‘obey’ be left only for those ‘who want it; and he would do better by telling those who want {t that even when it is used they had better hold out a few mental reservations A similar view is taken by the Bel- lingham Herald, which, after pralsing Bishop Johnson as “one of the most Lrilllant thinkers and orators of the church,” feels impelled to say: looks as if the Bishop of whatever the welght of his argu ment, were doomed to be In a hope- less minority.” Urges Five-Cent Fare For School Pupils Editor of The Star: It is only a few days off when the schools of Washington will be open again, and I don't see why the street raflroad companies don't make a rate to the school children, since many travel from one section of the city to another to attend school. While in Baltimore recently I no ticed a poster in the center of a street car "which read as follows: “Ding, dong, school is open, the 5 cent fares for school children are now good on the street cars. Get them through your teachers.” I was informed that the raflroads there make a G-cent rate to school children during the school term. Why don't the street railroads of Washing- ton make a 5-cent rate to the children here? GEORGE C. GLICK.