Evening Star Newspaper, August 31, 1925, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, . C . .August 31, 1825 5 The Evening Star Newspaper Company 11h St.‘:\";ml::nn%fi.r\n Ave, s ew York Office: 110 East 42nd St. ; {Wuropesn BB - Thndon. A : 18 England The Evening Star, with the Sunday morn- €' Bdition, js delivered by carriers ‘within city at' 60 cents per mronth: daily only. Jb-cents per month: Sunday only. 20 cents per lgllnlh Orders may he sent by mail or é;“..‘:.:““ Main 5000, Ooliection Js by ~Tasrier ai ‘the el uf each month Hata b Daify and Daily only Mail—Payable in Advance. land and. Virginia. Sunday 8 All Other States. and ¥r.$10:00 1mn. e o e e _Sunday only 1vr.. $3:00:1 mo " Member of the Associated Press. 2The Associated Press is exclusively entitlod 14 the pse far republication of all news matches credited 10 1t or mot ntherwise cred- ed in this paper and alm the local news nibliehed herein. Al riehts of mublication of apecial Jispatches herein are aleo reserved Caillaux Optimistic. The announcement that M. Joseph CaMauy, minister of finance of I'rance. ®¥pects an agreement on the war debt With the United States within mine days efter h al at ‘Washinzton on September ugurs well for the =uccess of the negotiations There is, indeed, no nece of pro tracted sittings of the French and American debt commissions .. The French government has been mpprised fully of the attitude of the T'nited States toward the war debt of that country, of the desire of this eountry to be entirely fair and lenient in the matter of terms. as it has been In the case of the other European na Yjons whose debts have aiready been funded. And, on the other side. the Government of the United States Shoutd be in a position to know al- réady semething of the “ability of France to pay,” which it is expected be an important factor in de- termining how and when France is isnmake payment of her debt. Under syeh oircumstances there seems no feul reason for delay in reaching a settiement, particularly as there can h no disagreement as to the amount of the deht M. Caillaux is coming te Washing- fpn at the head of a commission which will include influential members of the French Senate and Chamber of Deputies. The debt settlement nego- tiated here must meet with the ap- proval of the French Parliament. The selection, therefore, of members of that body representing various politi- cal parties therein, who can speak authoritatively in Senate and Cham- her regarding the negotiations and terms agreed uponm, is particular wise. The American commission also f'made up of members of the legisla- tive as well as the executive branch of the United States Government. All war debt agreements must be ratified by the American Congress, and it would be worse than futile to submit a plan of dealing with the French debt which could not command the support of Congress. 1_The policy of the United States Gov- ~‘iment with regard to the foreizn debts has been made clear to all, first by the discussions in Congress when the American Debt Commission was ctéated, and then during the discus. sion” of the settlement with Great Britain and other European nation: The cardinal principle has been di nogition of the American debt without regard to German reparations and en- firely on their own merits. This prin- ¢iple will be maintained in the agree- ment with France. It is true that France owes to Great Britain a war debt in proportions almost as large as that to the United States, and that tentative agreement of settlement with the British has already been made. So faras that settlement with Great Brit- ain affects the ability of France to pay, it may have a bearing on the yegotiations here. But it is not ex- pected to govern in the matter of rates of interest or the settlement of the principal. Other war debt settlements by the United States contemplate 62 annual payments with interest at 3 or 3 per cent. Such terms are e pected in the funding of the French debt. Concessions may be made, how- ever, with regard to the time of be- ginning full annual payments. *Despite the fact that the debts have heen made a foot ball of politics in France and other European countries, the determination of France to meet her obligations has been deciared 4gain and again. The funding of the inferallied war debts when completed will be a great step toward the eco- Bomic stability which has been the pressing need of Europe ever since the irmistice was signed. When a nation knowy what its payments are to be, it 1n tar better shape to get down to the work of making those payments 2nd at the same time sustaining the cconomic fabric than under conditions n which there is uncertainty and dsubt as to what payments must be hade. “irhip dashes for the Pole are fascinating in interest; but a non-stop flight te Hawail is an experiment with n@grelpruuw possibilities. - thusiasm” Over the Strike. Reports come from the anthracite cpal region that at some of the local union meetings when the strike order was read marked enthusiasm was manifested. It is difficult to under- stind why there should be any enthu- siasm by the miners over an order which®sends them out of the mines info gostly idleness. These men, who have been getting good wages for the past {wo years, with steady employ- ment, are by mandate of their leaders to, lg¥, down their tools tonight and gt the mines for an indefinite pericd. They will get doles from the strike fuhd ot the union, which will be. on average, about a quarter of their o income. These doles will not as- s§tedly . continue for the indefinite period of the strike. Unless other unions contribute the miners’ treas- ury will be exhausted in a very few veeks. One hundred and fifty thou- sand men ar 3 coming -] allowance, FHBOPORE W. NOYES. ... Editor| ™ iy i tonight. At the rate of a dollar & day, j whieh is less than the average strike the strike-fund disburse- ments will amount to $1,050,000 cach || week. In a month the disbursements will be § 000—at one dollar 1f there were opportunity for these ! men to get other employment during the period of the otrike the situation would not be o difficult. But there nothing else but coal mining in their immediate neishborhood. {demand for their labor in the soft coal [ fields, which are already overmanned. They cannot afford to leave home on {a chance for possible employment in | Philadelphia or New York. Some of them may get a little work to do help ing the farmers of the nearby country ut harvest time, but that part of Pennsylvania is not agriculturally very vich. There is practieally nothing else for {each man to do but to “sit tight” and wait for the arder to resume work in !the mines. If the strike lasts ten weeks thes above their doles, practically all of the differential between their old scale and their ten per cent advance de- plies. Very few of them will have had savings op which to draw for their sustenance during the strike, and ‘those with funds in the ‘‘stocking” will have spent them. So it is a lamentable situation that confronts these men. one in which there is no warrant whatever for any enthusiasm. Those who ordered the strike, whose judgment prevailed in the megotiations with the operators will suffer little or nothing. They are salaried officials of the union, whase salaries continue undepleted while the strike is in progress. They are just as well off at the end of the struggle as before, while the men who work underground are impoverished. And vet at some of the mectings vesterday there was “enthusiasm” over the ac- tion of the leaders. Such a phenom- enon passes understanding. e Flying to Hawail. Seaplanes of the United States Navy today undertake an epoch-mak- ing Might from San Francisco to the Hawaiian Islands. A successful out- come of the flight, which is to be made ¥ three planes, will demonstrate the practicability of linking the strong island outpost of national defense more closely with the mainland, which might be of inestimable value in time of emergency. The distance from San Francisco to Honolulu is 2418 statute miles, and the estimated time necessary to make the flight is 24 hours. The seaplanes fiy under the command of Commander John Rodgers, a pioneer in naval avi- stion, who has years of experience behind him as pilot and commander of air forces. The utility of the expected connec- tion of the United States mainland with the Hawailan Islauds is beyond question. The experiment by the Navy goes far beyond the mere achievement of covering 2,418 miles in a mon-stop flight. Hawaii is a base of vast im- portance in the naval defense of the United Stafes. More and more it is becoming apparent that the mational defense, to be adequate, must be pow- erful in the atr, and the demonstrated ability of seaplanes to reach Hawaii from San Francisco doubtless will give further impetus to the development of the Air Service. Manila and the Philippine Islands, the United States’ great possessions in the Far East, lie some 4,500 miles be- yond Honolulu, The day may come when the Navy will seek to link the two by air, although such accomplish- ment would seem scarcely possible at this time. An interesting feature of the flight today is the transportation of United States mail by the Navy planes. This mail originated in New York and other Lastern and Western cities, and was carried by the Postal Air Mail Service to the Pacific coast. It will be the first time that letters have been trans- mitted by air from New York to Hon- olulu. —_— e Florida authorities find themselves compelled to investigate charges that prisoners on parole practice bootleg- ging. In an atmosphere of so much financial enterprise the man with limited time and capital is tempted to console himselt illegally for his lack of opportunity to get into the real estate business. ——— Waldorf, Md., authorities declare that they welcome District of Colum- bia motorists. After collecting speed fines they are at least polite enough to say “Thank you.” r———— Ty Cobb and “Babe” Ruth. Last Saturday a base ball player completing twenty years of valuable service for the Detroit American League team was honored at a game dedicated to him, and at a banquet later was presented with $10,000 by the owner of the club and other pres- ents from admiring citizens. On the same day another player who has for some years been the idol of the base ball public, a great “home-run king,” was indefinitely suspended by the New York American League manager and fined $5,000 for breach of dis cipline. These two cases illustrate the force jof the factor of personality in base ball. Ty Cobb, one of the most re- markable players who ever wore a uniform, though greatly admired for his ability and dash, has never been, strictly speaking, a popular player. His temperamental outbursts and his irascibility have irritated the crowds that attend the game. “‘Babe” Ruth, despite his juvenility and utter lack of discipline, has won the affection of the multitudes supporting the national pastime. Both men are great players, Cobb in all departments of the game save pitching, which he never esmyed, Ruth chiefly as a batsman, though at one time he was a formidable boxman. Cobb, after twenty years of active duty as player and lately as player- manager, is siill in the game and still in favor. Ruth, after a shorter period of service, has fallen from his high estate, is in disgrace and is faced with a dismal futyre. Ruth declares he will never again play with the New York team as long as the manager who has justly, though. perhaps severely, dis- walking out today end |ciplined him u.m,nyglt He:lsstill ot There is no | will have lost, over and | mand. They will be in debt for sup- | jcrossing case the driver thought he | sympathy for the farmer.” THE EVENING : - a young man, as ball players go, but unless he radically changes his habits ;and transforms his moral natare he is iikely to be a lability rather than an asset to any ball ceam. There is sympathy. of course, for Ruth, sympathy chiefly because his faults are those of an exuberant, | juvenile disposition. 1f he ‘behaved {himself” he would he undoubtedly the | towering personality in the game to- {day. His indiscretions have led to his present plizht, and there is no sign of contrition or a disposition to reform. He has been spoiled, in short, by pub- lic adulation. Base ball must have its heroes, and the public would not doubt their qual- ity as long as they continue to per- {torm up to standard on the ball field, whatever they do off. Cobb has held the spotlight of public appreciation and favor for twenty years because he devoted himself to his task of plaving the best same possible. Ruth is pass- ing from the light of popular favor because he has failed to play the game according 1o the rules. i — ———— Yesterday's Sad Road Record. A shocking record of motor casual- ties on the roads was made yesterday. Several lives were lost as cars col- lided, or were overturned, or were hit by locomotives at grade crossings. All of these are mentioned as “‘accidents” in the news reports, and that they jwere, in the general acceptance of the term. In no case was there any de- liberation or intent. Something went wrong in every instance, wrons with the machine, or wrong with the judg- ment of the driver. In the grade- could get over the rails ahead of the locomotive. 1In another case the driver’s attention was attracted to a car parked alongside of the road, and in observing it he swerved and smashed into another car parked just beyond. 1In the third case, in de- scending a steep hill the driver swung out to pass @ parked car and was hit by a machine ascending in the op- posite direction. Inattention, bad judg- ment, failure to gauge distance! These | are the elements of some of the “acci- dents” that made vesterday's ghastly record. Probably all of these drivers were experienced in the usual degree. They were doubtless familiar with the roads, knew just how to steer and what to do in emergencies. But they failed in the cri How many drivers are there operating motor cars today who lack that degree of confidence that their driving license should require? Only the casualty reports give an indica- tion. The licensing processes are loose and admit thousands to the roads who are actuelly incapable of safe driving, safe in the sense of dependable per- formance in all conditions. Their | passengers, and often they them- selves, are paying the penalty ——————— The Prince of Wales denies rumors that he is growing fat. This does away with fears that in addition to wide trousers fashion may demand an expansive waist line. ——— L= A coal strike which will not inter- fere with a regular supply to the ulti- mate consumer represents one of the greatest of modern improvements. —————— Caillaux by his preliminary remarks indicates a courteous intention to break the bad news as gently as pos- sible. . Peace has vietories as well as war, and France is placing great reliance on M. Caillaux as a financial strategist. s Although a secret society. the K. K. K. shows a keen appreciation of the advantages of publicity. e, SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDF« JOHNSON. Why Worry? We read about the debts which va- rious nations have to pay. It's plain that bales of cash must be unfurled. Much of it is hid away, but it's com- forting to say There's an awful lot of money in the world. “8o, let’s be up and doing with a heart for any fat. Though Fortune's wheel adversely | has been whirled. It may strike another gait if you toil along and wait— There's an awful lot of money in the world! A Fellow Feeling. “You have always expressed great Naturally,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “I have a strong fellow feel- ing for the agriculturist who never knows how his hard work during the Summer is going to turn out when he reckons up in the Fall. It's the same way with a politician.” Cruel Loveliness. The blossom so gay Has proved a deceiver. That flower, they sav, Produces hay fever. Jud Tunkins says he knows people who make themselves miserable try- ing to look as if they were having a wonderful time. Swift Work. “You never hear of the gold cure any more.” ZThe kind of licker now in circula- tion doesn’t leave any chance for the gold cure. It lands a mian in the cemetery before he has a chance to get to the sanitarjum.” On to Washington. We are a city large and fine 2 ‘Where motors stand for miles in line As men approach from every land To lend the Government a hand. They once expected pomp and show. Now their demands much slighter srow. Where once they claimed a lofty place They're now content with parking space. “It ought to be easy,” mid Uncle Bben, “to lead a sife and peaceable life. ANl vou really has to do is to mind de Ten Commandments sa’ de 5 STAR, WASHINGTO What is the biggest money's worth in the world? No two will agree upon the answer. but, if you ask me, I unhesitating reply: A back-scratcher, Where can you get as much for 15 cents as in one of these little ivory hands attached to the end of a long, slender wand? In some shops the price may be as much as 25 cents, “two bits,” two thin dimes-and & nickel, but, at any price, the contrivance would be more than worth the money. A back-scratcher is something you may not peed once a month, but when you need it. you need it bad! A coriortionist, of course, might find no necessity for an implement wherewith to ply the euticle on the small of the back. Most of us, however, are not con- tortionists We are jpst ordinary folk who can neither juzgle lamps nor stand on our neads. ~Yet our backs itch just the same as the dorsal section of the con- tort'onist. The handy back-scratcher puts one on an equal with all the contortion- ists that ever lived. With this tool we can scratch our back to our back's content. and at the same time obey Emerson’s injunction as to self-re- liance. * * % After all, every one must be master of his own back, as well as captain of his own soul. It is almost an axiom that no one | else can scratch your back as well as you can do it yourself. Not even yvour wife tor hushand, as | the case may be). This is one task the Lord will not allow v one 1o escape. It is an im- muta. e duty levied against the lazi- ness of mankind. Kind parents may do everything in the world for Johnny, but there is one thing they cannot do. and that is scraich the middle of his back when it itches. Johnny has to scratch his own. over this duty for some one els They end, however, in complete fail- ure. All the motions are gone throush with. but somehow, the tickling in the back continues as great as ever. The ancient peoples, it seems to me, went 10 a great deal of unnecessary trouble when they caused a skeleton to be brought In at their feasts to remind them of their mortality. An itching back would have served {the trick just as wel. Honest Fido shares this grievance with us, and if we could emulate the action of his hind leg, perhaps we would find no necessity for a mechan- ical back-scratcher. Not being blessed with Fido's sup- pleness, or the dexterity of honest Tom, who scratches from any posi- tion, we must fall back on the tiny carved hand of ivery or bone on the end of a stick. * ¥ % ‘Whoever invented the back-scraicher deserves & vote of thamks. In the name of itching humanity, then, let us unanimously adopt the following resolutions: Whereas God created both the {8kin and the bones, and the blood vessels thereof, and also titillation of the skin known as itching; And whereas a certain commonly in His providence, D. C. MONDAY, AUGUST 31, '1925. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. | He made every man captain of his soul, but not even his ‘wife master of his back: And whereas He created man neither in the shape of a contortion- ist, nor gave him the handy hind legs of the domestic doz or cat, nor the necessary pawterity of the same; Therefore, be it Resolved, That all men and sundry give thanks to the unknown genius who invented the back-scratcher, at one and the same time a work of art and a neces- sity of life, and also to the modern craftsmen who make them at s0 rea- sonable a price. There you are, my boy, and I thank you, too! China or Japan ought to swell with pride upon reading those resolutions. Most of the back-scratchers are made in the latter country, I believe, but on the theory that everything in the | worid was first invented in China, I have included her in the list of lands which may claim the honor of having invented this great engine of destruc- tion—of _itching. Itching, it may be stated offhand, is a blamed nuisance. Plenty of water and soap will cut down the amount of itching to a minimum, with two exceptions: 1. Thet caused by mosquitoes. 2. In the middle of the back. Iiching is a mystery at best. but itching in the middle of the back is utterly beyond hope of human solu- tion. Why one ever itches there no one | knows, and when one will, no man can say. 1t comes upon nne al the most un expected times and places. Men have been known to zuddenly take on a frantic expression while attending a swell reception. The trouble was the back! A dress suit. with its boiled or pleat ed shirt, wing collar, neat bow tie, etc., makes it impossible for the vic: tim to reach the seat of the trouble, to say nothing of the fact that he would not dare to make the attempt under the circumstances. * oo % In the privacy of the home the little blessing called a back-scratcher may be wielded with impunity. gusto and a few other assorted qualities. What a clever little trick it is, to be sure! Just a bit of bone, with four claw- like “fingers,” aided and abetted by “thumb’ that is there mostly as a guide. since it does not scratch: and this “hand” fastened to a slender stick about a foot and a half long. There is even a bit of string to hang the scratcher to the bedpost In use it is held in either of two positions, up or down. Sometimes the exact spot of itching is just above the shoulder blade. In that case the scratcher is held aloft and then plung- ed downward. 1f the ftching is just blade it may be necessa From any angle, does hit the spot You cannot scratcher. It does its duty quietly, gently, vet with such infinite persuasion that after a few seconds the base itchins is squeiched for—well, it may be to day and it may be tomorrow. or it may be mext month, or not until a year hence. Ave, a good thing is the back- seratcher! It requires no upkeep. and. when you want it, it is right there waiting for you. in the middle of below the to reach up. however, it sure fail with & back- THE VOICE OF BUSINESS BY WILLIAM Editor's Note—The country is prosperous and busy, labor is fully employed, or mearly so, and the volume of our business is heavy. But those “best-of-all times” that were heralded by the prophets are still on the way. What has delayed their coming? What, if anything, can be done to hasten their lagging approach? Can legislation hurry it? Can busi mess itself prod it into quicker ad- vent? In other words, what should be done, what can be done. to at- tain an even greater wncaswre of prosperity? The writer of the following ar- ticles has taken those questions to the chief Dbusiness men of the United States for answer. He has gone to bankers, railroad presi- dents, manufacturers, ironmasters, coal producers, building comtrac- tors, packers, oil producers—in fact, to every main line of business enterprise in the Nation. He has sought out the leading men in each line of business and got their o105, More than 1,000 prominent ezecu- tives were asked to prescribe reme- dies which, in their judgment, would speed up business. Thesc busy wmen, for the wmost part, paused to give reply. They speak for American business, mot with one voice, but with many, and the composite record of their reply will be outlined in a series of siz articles, of which the following is the first, - Article I. Cut the iax rate! Give us less gov- ernment in business! Repeal nine- tenths of the laws on the statute books! Stop living in August on next December’s income! Help Europe to become stabilized! Cut out personal extravagance and do an honest dey's work about 276 days a year! And then we’ll have overflowing prosperity. The American banker is speaking in that paragraph. Stewed down to its essence, that is the concentrated reply received by this writer to near- ly 200 letters of inquiry sent the length and breadth of the United States to the men who hold the keys to the country’'s finances. Old-fash- joned it may be; out of step with the Jjazz of the day; sadly a discord in the medley of the times; an oid thought in old clothes—but it comes from the men who handle your money and mine, men at the top of the heap, men who can make—or break—American industry. Bankers of the United States see no royal road to easy times. They find the prosperity of todav good, but not so good as it might be if every one really wrought to make it better. There is remarkable singleness of view in this class of our citizens. Geo- graphical lines have not divided their thought. Need of Personal Economy “Probably the greatest room for improvement lies in better personal economy on the part of our people,” says William E. Knox, president of the American Bankers’ Association. ““This can best be brought about through broad and continuous educa- tion in the management of personal income, particularly during the nor- mal educational period of life covered by the schools.” Mr. Knox's thought suggests a new course for our public schoo's—man- agement of personal finances. iie con- tinues: “The chief need today to in- crease prosperity is the utmos: econ- omy in all directions. This means reduction in public expenditures, pru- dence in private consumption and the elimination to the greatest possible extent of waste in our industrial processes.” . 1In the opinion of Francis H. Sisson, vice president of the Guaranty Trust Co. of New York, ‘‘decreased taxes and increased eficiency are, perhaps, the two most gm;:m.nm factors for the making of ture pfolfi.fl Fe %m‘ to the presen Sis it likely that the average costs ls retarding P. HELM, JR. man’s income could be shoved up a few notches “by organized efforts to eliniinate avoidable waste in hoth the production and distribution of com- modities.” Waldo Newcomer, chairman of the Baltimore Trust Co., thinks that “it is impossible to have a perfectly satis- factory condition until normal dealing is resumed with the rest of the world, perticularly Europe.” and that devel: opment will be siow. He adds: ““The ~hief domestic difficulties He, in my apinion, with the high taxes and mul- tiplicity of interfering laws. As to the first, it looks like our legisiators were at last beginning to see that Secretary Mellon was right. As to the laws, these have become 8o conflicting and numerous that it is almost impos- sible today for a man to know whether he is obeving the law.” “Repeal nine-tenths of all the laws on the statute hooks.” advises T. J. Hartman, president of the Producers’ National Bank of Tulsa, Okla. That in answer to a query as to how pros- perity could be enhanced. Mr. Hart- man sees as the chief fmmediate need of today, “more business in govern- ment and less govenment in busi- ness,” a slogan made famous by War- ren Harding. Saya Mr. Hartman: “The business man is being harassed from every angle by agents of the Government. So many jobs have been created that the Government agent must find something to do and the line of least resistance is harass- ing business.” Urges Tax Revision. Kansas City's Commerce Trust Co. thus voices its views, through W. S. McLucas, Its president would sug- gest that a scientific revision of in- come and inheritance taxes downward will do much to encourage prosperity.” Out in the farming beit, Dan V. Stephens, president of the Fremont State Bank, Fremont, Nebr., regards it @s ‘‘essential that the Government give aid to the establishment of an adequate market system for farm products.” He adds that “until such an organization is formed, there can be no general prosperity either here or anywhere else.” “‘Our people were obsessed last vear with the belief we were going to have a boom. but fortunately we did not have a boom,” says Charles E. Tre- man, president of the Ithaca (N. Y.) Trust Co. “People generally do not appreciate how good business is. The installment craze runs from house painting, house roofing, silver-plated ware to the automobile business. 1t is teaching many people to live now on month after next's income. Every effort should be made to stop the in- stallment selling of luxuries Ben Johnson, president of the Com- mercial National Bank of Shreveport, La., answers the question thus: ‘Tax reduction—the whole program as pro- posed by Mr. Mellon.” That seems desirable, too, to Oliver C. Fuller, chairman of Milwaukee's $10,000,000 First Wisconsin National Bank, who adds: “Business is very much in need of an understanding and constructive attitude on the part of government. Government can accomplish much more in regulating business by advice and co-operation than by a ‘thou shalt’ or ‘thou shalt not’ policy. Work and Economy. From F. M. Law, vice president of the First National Bank of Houston, Tex., comes this prescription for in- creased prosperity: “First, people of all classes should put in not less than 275 honest days of work per annum. Second, reasonable economy should be constantly and con- tinually practiced.” “A renewed confidence on the part of the business interests of the coun- try in the hope of and faith in the un- limited " possibilities of the Nation" would help, in the opinion of President Robert 1. Woodside of the Woodside National Bank of - Greenville, 8. C., who also advocates equalization of taxation and the repeal of the inheri- tance tax. . Too much overhead in production prosperity Lo some’ 1 i | By E.W. Howe, Editor and Author | Glenn Frank, until recently editor | of the Century. now. president of the Untversity of Wisconsin, lately wrote a good thing. And a good thing in print is somewhat rare, as every read ler knows. Mr. Frank said: “We would do well to throw into the fire all the merely optimistic literature regarding Western civiliza- tion that has been written by human chanticleers, whose only contribution to cotemporary discussion is a loud crow for Utopia. We can neither pre- vent a new dark age nor produce a new renalssance by the voluable in- anities of the booster. Such achieve- ments wait upon the technic of the builder. A new renaissance must de- pend upon engineers rather than cheer leaders. The problem of our generation is to bring knowledge into contact with life, and to make it socially effective A Worth-While Sermon. As is to be expected of a uni- versity president and magazine editor, Mr. Frank somewhat weakens his excellent sermon with too-fine phrases, but it will pay the reader to go over the quotation, simplify it, and get the sense. For hers literature and education, combined in magazine editor and uni- versity professor, agree in an opinion long held by the practical world. This opinion is that the main trouble to. day is that the people too generally follow the fantasies of the booster and neglect the simple, true, impor- tant things taught by experience. The booster has only to think of a desirable thing to claim it as a pos- sibility for next vear, and that we should earnestly strive for it. And, unhappily, most of our teaching, preaching and writing is done by boosters, who exaggerate the future as they exaggerate in obituaries of the past. In the United States the booster has become our week-day prophet and saint, and led us into serious difficulties with his good-fel- low doctrines Mr. Frank advises that our real prophets are the engineers, bankers, farmers and mechanics, the practical men of every kind, and that in future we try the experiment of heeding their advice. The Why of a Captain. When a ship is sent on a dangerous voyage, the man placed in charge is always the sailor in the crew who has had the most experience. This man is called captain, and directs his course by charts worked out as a result of other voyages. No hooster can convince him that he may make his port in 10 days if the charts show it has never been done under 2 weeks. No eloquence or optimism ean in duce the captain to neglect a sharp lookout when in the iceberg zone. Every passenger. every member of the crew, is under strict discipline for the safety of all. The captain’s knowledge is based not on eloquent Poems or orations by boosters, but on science. experience, ¢h of practical men. i very successful human ente is directed by a captain selected 1n sharp competition with other men, and the qualities demanded in cap. tains are efficiency. sobriety, experi- ence and intelligence to apply its les sons. These are the men commended by Mr. Frank, and his advice is th; thei- judgment be accepted more in future, instead of the Jjudgment of the booster, who is too apt to hope for pleasant weather when the barometer is steadly going down. (Copyrizht. 1925.) ———————— Self-Supporting Students, h“mnh a student through college? And if he s it well for him to do so?" Thess questions are being asked by thou. :znd!lol blomhbfllous lads and anxious arents, both in Canad: United States. g s The Miami Tribune has set itselt to the collection of facts and figures designed to answer the above queries, and has approached the authorities of several universities. The answers varied, but some fizures were ob. tained that may help inquirers to form their own conclusions. At the recent examinations at Yale Univer. sity four of the five men getting high cst honors in the academic department were self-supporting. All the five graduated “‘with high praise” from the scientific school were also self- supporting. So were more than half of the 213 undergraduate honor stu- dents. Here is ample evidence that men can and do work their way through one of the best known colleges in the United States. Many another college, East and West, North and South, will probably tell a similar story. Then, is it good for them? Obvi. ously the self-supporters do not suffer in scholarship, at least compared with others. Probably the very effort to nmmke their own way makes them take the college work more seriously, 80 that they get more out of their educational opportunities than those to whom the college courses come as a gift. Records show, too, that these earnest students are likely to be lead- ers in college activities, and that there is seldom any serious social discrimi- nation against them because of the work they do for a living. Their com- bined course of study and self-support makes the transition from college to “practical life” in the outer world easler for them than for the other. Yet some of these students are found to work too hard, impairing their health and prospects. In gen. eral, earning all his own expenses may be said to be too hard a strain on the student. But it seems good for al- most any student to earn some of his college expenses—Vancouver Daily Province. earn his way Deficient Drivers. From the Kansas City Star. “Too many motorists nowadays can spell go, but can't spell stop,” a Detroit judge says. Which may be a result of having eight cylinders in the engine and only four wheels with brakes on. —_— extent, according to another Southern banker, Frank Hayden, president of the Union & Planters’ Bank & Trust Co., who says: “The chief nesd of business, as I view it, is stable prices.”” “Business needs further relief from the burdens of taxation—National, State and local,” responds A. F. Daw- #on, president of the First National Bank of Davenport, lowa. ‘“‘Congress should keep its hands off legitimate business,” suggests President Rome C, Stephenson of the St. Joseph Loan & Trust Co. of South Bend, Ind., an idea shared by C. A. Chapman, presi- dent of the First National Bank of Rochester, Minn., who says: “We need to trek back to the basis of individual productive toil and cease to look, as we have come to do during and after the war, to the public crib for our credit and sustenance. To this end there should be a general cam of democratic discussion, formed in the classroom, {rom the pulpit and thrcugh the press, to cultivate indi. vidual initiative and individual cre- ative effort.” . “Good old-fashioned hard work plus cordiality in all our dealings” is what we need to géet more prosperity, in the view of Alex Dunbar, vice president aof the Bank of Pittsburgh, Pa., while the whole answer is summed up by President A. E. Adams of the First National Bank of Youngstown, Ohio, in two words, as follows: “Common sense. s THE CAPTAIN { ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKI: Q. Was Walter Johnson given | credit officially with pitching a no hit game when he set St. Louis down without a hit for seven innings last year’—M. A. M. A. He was not given credit for a no-hit game because of the fact that | ! it was not a nine-inning game Q. 1s attar of roses made in this country?’—T. E. B. A. 1t is not produced commercially in the United Statee. It is chiefly produced in Bulgaria and in Franc and to some extent in India. Attar of roses is used principally for per- fumery purposes, the water remain ing after the oil distillation being called rose water. This latter product is largely used for culinary purposes Q. Is it t at the Chinese eat the tea leaves and throw away the | liqui 5. E. D, A. a generalization this is not | true. But there is a virgin tea called | Lung-800, meaning dragon’s whiskers, which the Chinese use in making tea and the leaves of which they eat as a salad. o Q. What is punch firing?—J. E. R. A. It is a system of firing the tendons of a horse. The iron is heated io a burning point and then Jabbed or punched on the tendon. Q. 1s a red dress warmer than a white one made of the same ma- terial’—B. P. A. The comparative warmth of difterent colors is determined by the number of rays of light they can ab- sorb. Red is warmer becanse it ab- sorbs a greater number than any | true color; white absorbs practically none. Q. Who are the Calendar Brethren? —E. P. A. This religious society, on. prominent, exists now only in Bruns- wick. As its name suggests, its meetings are alwavs held on the Kalends, the first day of the month. Q. What will keep cottonwood trees from shedding?—L. M. M A. The Bureau of Plant Indust says that any cure for preventing | cottonwood trees from shedding would kill the trees. Q. If the earth turned on its axis the other way, would the vear be the same length?—M. W A. The Naval Observatory says that the earth rotates on its axis in the same direction that it revolves around the sun. Looked at from | above the North Pole, this direction is opposite to that of the hands of a watch. If either of the two motions were reversed, the other remaining the same, there would be two more days in a year than there actually are. Q. Who wrote every insect which run. fleas,” ete. the poem ahout preving upon another “little fleas have lesser | —S. D. | A.' The poem was written by Dean Swift. Augustus Morgan published this version of it in a Budget of Par-| adoxes: “Greater fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite ‘em. And little fleas have lesser fleas and so | on, " ad infinitum. And the greate: A month has passed since the be- ginning of the forced interchange of nationals between Poland and Ger-| many. Presumably, all of the first| class of deportable persons from either country (non-owners of real| estate) are now across the borders, | and another of history's tragedies has | written its unprecedented story. | There have been deportations of | rebels—as, for example, when Crom- | well deported thousands of Scots, de- | feated in the battles of Dunbar and | Worcester, sending them to North Ireland and to America. The story | of “Evangeline,” by Longfellow, pur- | ports to be an account, full of pathos and tragedy, of a similar deportation, by England, of French from Acadia, Nova Scotia. But in both instances the cruelty was mitigated on the ground that it was a necessity of war. England deported criminals to Aus- tralia: Russia, under the Czars, de- ported criminals and political of- fenders to Siberia, and France has exiled dangerous political conspira- tors and has deported criminals, but all these acts were based on national and secial protection. In ancient times eonquered races were carried. | as prisoners of war. to the land of their conguerors, and there enslaved. That, too, was war. PR With the sole exception of even greater tragedy of the forced interchange of populations between Turkey and Greece, last vear, there has never been a precedent like this forced migration of 50,000 or 60,000 nationals across the border between Poland and Germany. In the Turco- Greco case the interchange was pro- posed by Nansen, at the conference of Lausanne, as the only means of establishing peace in either country, on account of the many thousands of Greeks in Turkey and of Turks in Greece and the centuries of race antipathy. , No such conditions as depicted in any of the above references applied to the recent interchange of Poles and Germans. There were in Poland not more than 30,000 Germans who had expressed preferment to retain their German citizenship while re- maining in the foreizn land. and about an equal number of Poles in Germany. None was accused, | either country, of treason or an other major crime, making them dangerous to state or community. They became penalized for their sentiment, their patriotism to their homeland, where they were born and where their brothers and other rela- tives still lived, but they had no thought that in so expressing them- selves in hoping to retain their native allegiance, they would be obliged to move, forthwith, away from their adopted environment. * ok ok K A year before the deportation. the two governments had held a confer- ence at Vienna for the purpose, on Germany's part, of making it optional ‘whether the people should move as they voted Poland insisted uvon the right to compel the migration. Germany concedes that the act was lawful on Poland's part, but Ger- many contended that it was morally wrong to inflict the hardship upon the individual who had committed no wrong where he was. Reference of the question of legality to a Holland jurist brought the decision that any country had a right to expel objection- able aliens and to decide what aliens might be admitted. That right is conceded in all international law. Poland states that she acted within her rights and that she had organ- ized committees to receive her re- turned nationals and to find them em- ployment and domiciles. while Ger- many had made no similar prepara- tion to receive returned Germans, hence all the German suffering. The situation in that regard is ex- plained by Dr. Baer, secretarv of the German embassy, as follows: Nearly all the Poles in Germany | were coal miners in the Ruhr. and when they were transported to Poland the miners were distributed among the farms, for miners could | Stat | director, Washington, D. C. | the deported the | to any that was used in the midst jthe present, fleas themselves in turn have greater fleas 1o go on. While these again have greater still and greater still and so on.’ Q What kind of wood cigar boxes?—R. T. §. A The following woods are used for cigar boxes: Tupelo gum, red wood, basswood, vellow popiar, Span- ish cedar, sap gum and red Zum. These species are listed in the order of quantity used. For many years the best cigar boxes were made from nish cedar. Héwever, within the few vears a number of these is used for p: | other woods have been substituted for Spanish cedar. Q. Counting the dead since the be. ginning of mankind, are there more people dead than living’—E. R A. Sir Thomas Browne, writing in the =eventeenth century, said: “The of the dead far exceed the bears occur in the the present time” Q. Do grizzly United States at A Aside from the California spe- cies, they are still found in several of the Western States, notably Arizona Colorado, Idahe and Montana. T latest report from Yellowstone Na tional Park states there are approx imately 60 grizzlies living at the pres. ent time in the park. Q. How do taxidermists remo | the flesh from tiny animals when t skeleton is wanted?—T. W. A. Usually ants are allowed to eal away the flesh. Q. How many governments are | there in the world, and how many are administered by presidents?—G. A. C. A. A recent estimate states tha! there are now 83 governments in the world and of these 36 are ruled b presidents, including provisional pres idents and presidents of Senates that are heads of States. Q Who was fiy’—A. N. § A. A French woman, Tible, was a passenger in a golfier” balloon at Lyon in 1784 = the first recorded ascent woman. the first woman (o Mme “mon! Thix by a Q. Was whisky ever used az a me dium of exchange in the United —8. § A. After the collapse of the Con tinental currency in 1780 there was a reversion to the practice of barter and whisky was used as 2 measure of value, particularly in South Care lina. (Any reader can get the answer to any question by wcriting The Star In formation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin This offer applies ‘strictly to information. The bureau cannot give advice tegal medical and financial matters. It does not attempt 1o seitle domestic troubles nor undertake cxhaustive rescarch on any subject. Write your question plainly and briefly. Give full name and address and inclose 2 cents in stamps for return postage. All re- plies are_sent direct to the inquirer Address The Star Information Bureau Frederic J. Haskin, director, Twenty- first and C streets northwest.) BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. . COLLINS. Germany the farmers were unavail able as miners to take the vacancies left by the departed Poles. They were sent to farms, but that emnloy ment could last only through harvest. and after that there was no work for them, for industries were alreadv oversupplied with labor. The indus tries throughout Germany, he save, are in a slump, working only half time. In Poland the government possession of the houses v Germans them for occupancy by the incomin Polish emigres. In Germany. says Dr Baer, there is a greater shortage of homes than Americans have ever suf fered. and the fact that miners of the Ruhr had vacated their hovels gave no relief to German immigra who desired to work at anything but mining, they not being experienced miners. Not only had the Polish miners long trended into the Ruhr mines, but when the ‘“invasion” of the French and Belgians took posses sion of the Ruhr the Poles crowded into that region so that now the de portation is almost entirelv out of that section, leaving few homes vacant in the rest of Germany. Con sequently, thousands of immigranis are housed only in tents at the ap- { proach of Winter B The outcome of the forced deporta- tion. openly retaliatory on the part of Germany, according to Dr. Baer is an increase of bitterness betwecn the two countries. He states that Poland is circulating propaganda against Germany equal in bittern the World War. For example, Po land charges German financiers w having manipulated the exchange that Polish money is depreciated, whereas, he says, the depreciation is due to Poland’s increase of expendi tures, her incre=-~d army, especially Six months ago, : = declares, the Pol ish gold reserve was §0 per cent of her paper circulation: now it is only 40 per cent. Hence, her currency is bound to depreciate. PEER “Germany has made all ments unde its pay the Dawes plan up 1o says the diplomat. “Our taxes have been reduced, but are still too high. Tax on estates and on in comes run up even to 90 per cent in some cases. It amounts to confisca. tion of incomes. When we were on a paper mark basis it did not so much matter, for an income reported as 106,000 marks one day might be dou ble that the next, because the mark was falling and the tax was always assessed on the basis of the earlier in come. But now that the American dollar is the basis, and one day it is up high and the next day low, the extreme fluctuations make the tax oppressive. - “We do not know yet how the Dawes plan will work; all we know it that it was a compromise. France belfeved that our capacity to pay in demnity was equal to four billion gold marks a year; English experts found that it was probably 1,800,000,000 gold marks. Americans decided to com promise by adopting the amount of 2,500,000,000 gold marks. That is not based on facts, irrespective of poli tics; it is a compromise only. We have promised to do the best we can, and, so far, have made the payments. But we need the co-operation of our creditors. If they do what—what the banks call ‘squeeze’—we may not be able to meet the bills. If they shut out our products by high tariffs, how can we pay our debt? ° “Your Mr. Bradford of the Standard 0il Co. says that German+ should go into Central Africa and develop new wealth instead of trading on the products or in competition with ths products of her creditors. But how can we go into Africa when we laeck colonies or capital for pioneer deval- opment? Would not Americans he more prosperois if they would admit what we have to sell without a pre. tective tariff so living cost would be cheaper?” “And the American working man. thus thrown out of his job, in his <asily be useful in harvesting. But when German farmers and traders \”#?*7?” leisure could enjoy the goods made in Germany?” was suggested. (Coprright. 1928, by Paul V. Cellinad)