Evening Star Newspaper, August 18, 1925, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Surday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY......August 18, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. . ..Editor ¢ 3 The Evening Star Newspaper Company Bustness Office: ,aun < 1 Pennevlvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. Chicago Office: Tower Building. European Office: 16 Regent St.. London, England. The Evening Star. with the Sunday morn- Ing edition, is delivered by carriers within the city at’60 cents per month: daily only, 40 cents per month: Sunday only. 20 cents per month. Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Main 5000. Coliection is made by carrier at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. and Sunday....1sr. $8.40: 1 mo. 700 only . 1y, $6.00: 1 mo.. 50¢ Sunday only .. 12040 1mo.. 20¢ ¥ All Other Stat Daily and Sunday 1 Daily only Sunday only Dail Datly 1 mo. 850 1mo: me’. 25¢ Member of the The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- Datches credited to it or not otherwise cred- fted in this p: and also the local news published he; All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. The Final Fortnight. With only two weeks remaining be- fore” September 1 and the threatened suspension of work in the anthracite mines, the quiet the storm seems to have arrived. Miners and operators are “standing pat.” A strike order, affecting the 158,000 hard coal miners, may be issued Within a few days. 1t 1s scarcely & pleasant situation sumers to contemplate. in the mines means and less coal, unless, suspension be of the before tor the coal co A shut-down higher ' prices indeed, the briefest. But, to add to the gravity of the situation, ‘the dispatches tell of the conferencess of leaders of the Inter- national Miners' Union in Philadel- phia, where the bituminous miners' officlals are meeting informally with President John L. Lewls. The threat made by officers of the union that unless settlement is arrived at in the hard coal mines there will be trouble in the soft may bear fruit, although the contract under which the bitu- minous miners are working has still another year to run. Such a sympathetic strike on the 't of the bituminous miners would recelve no sympathy from the gen- eral public. The public is giving signs at last of showing a little sym- pathy for itself. It wants coal, and it intends to have it. Both the oper- ators and the miners might as well understand its attitude first as last. The operators, in their appeal to the public, appear to have the best of the matter to date. They have of- fered to arbitrate their differences with the anthracite miners before an impartfal tribunal. But the miners have declared they will not arbitrate. This attitude does not make for sym- pathetic understanding on the part of the public What is needed more than anything else at the present time is light, and neither side is shedding any too much of it. Arbitration fairly conducted would go far to establish the real facts in the coal industry and to bring about an equitable settlement of the controversy ever wages and working conditions. 1f the operators are pro- posing to cut wages and at the same time to put exorbitant, or even high, profits into their own pockets, the public ought to know it, and would know it, If the arbitrators conducted their inquiry searchingly. If the in- dustry is paying the coal miners fair wages, or too great, this also would be developed in such a pro- ceeding. Some day, perhaps, Congress will get around to the job of providing machinery which will give the needed publicity to conditions in the coal mining indust The interest of the public in fuel warrants such publicity ust as it warrants full publicity with regard to dransportation. But the present situation cannot wait on Con- gress. Unless there is to be suffer- Ing this Winter, the operators and the miners should get down tabrass tacks and settle their differences on a basis fair and just to both. pa Searchlights have been used as a means of creating consternation in Chinese warfare Apparently the Chinese still cling to the hope of set- tling {ssues by scaring people without hurting them —————— France deplores the entertainments that Paris gives in order to cater to wicked Americans. Parisians should &0 to New York and see the shows that Americans can think up on their own aceount ill go to college. attention This de- to the desira- rough education for me the responsibilities of instructors. Progress and Degeneration. The pastor of a large New York church preached a sermop on the moral and physical degeneration of the people of today and charged it on the of living! He said: “Among fathers were many mighty and rugged characters. There was a reason for their strength. They were up against forces that made for strength that continually tempered and refined their metal.” And so forth. Somebody is always harping on the physical and moral degeneration of today and then some one comes along with statistics that we are stronger and live longer than people a hundred vears ago. It is quite per- plexing. . Compared with our ancestors we surely are a pack of lawbreakers, but there are more laws to break. A man cannot walk twe squares or park his car without breaking some sort of a regulation. AS to our morals some experts say we are headed for perdi- tion and other experts say that mev- ing pictures, fox-trotting, automobile riding, Sunday base ball and picnics and bridge parties are not undermin- ing morals. The question is too much for the common-sort person of 1925. Perhaps hard living in the good old days was helpful to a man's character, hut the folks of 1925 cannot get back 10 1640, It is not said in the dispatch a ease our that this New York minister after preaching his sermon walked or rode a bony horse twelve miles to his cabin in the forest, drove off a. tribe of In- dians, went to the wwodpile and chopped the fagots for aooking sup- per, hauled on the welltope and brought in two buckets of water, fed, groomed and bedded the horse, cooped up the chickens and drove home the cows. It is not written that after a hearty supper of hot corn bread, chittlings, spareribs and sassafras tea, he pulled off his muddy boots with a bootjack, blew out his candle, fell asleep in a feather bed under a quilt his grandmother made and got up at 4 am. to walk three miles to the postroad to get his copy of the Month- ly Gazette as the stage coach roared past. The chances are that this minister after finishing his sermon on the dan- gers of easy living today got into an automobile, alighted at his apartment house, took the elevator to his flat, turned on the electric fan, found his dinner cooked on a gas range, helped himself to asparagus shipped from California, pineapple brought from Honolulu and string beans from Flori- da, spread factory butter on bread baked in a monster plant, sweetened his China tea with white sugar, or- dered some machine-niade ice cream #nd cake and then turned on the radio. ————————— The Naval Gun Foundry. Less will be heard of “reduction of force at the navy vard”’ and ‘“un- easiness among navy vard workmen.” The report is that the present force at the navy vard, the only Govern- ment plant for bullding naval ord nance in this country, will work for security. From the beginning of the 3,000 men was increased to about 10,000. At the end of the war reduc- tion after reduction was made and machinists and other skilled work- men, drawn to Washington from many parts of the country, left the city. Several reductions brought the navy vard force to its prewar strength. These workmen were men of proved skill in making guns and most of them were permanent resi- dents of Washington. Universal peace hopes and theorfes, the arms limitation conference and economy caused a reduction in the force to its present number of 2,300. In reducing it below the pre-war strength hardship was put on & con- siderable number of men who owned homes in Washington and who be- lieved that service in the gun factory was permanent during good conduct. In connection with the group or mass dismissals from the navy yard there were always rumors and sometimes quasi-official reports that more men would be discharged. It could not be foreseen when the reductions would end. There were rumors that the navy yard would be closed and aban- doned. At any rate there has been a very uncomfortable feeling among the workmen at the “vard.” Mahy men khave looked elsewhere for employ- ment, and having found it, have left the Government service and in a good many cases have moved from Wash- ington. The news is now that “down to bed- rock in so far as personnel is concerned the Washington Navy Yard now has before it a program of steady work, which will keep the 2,300 employes busy for upward of two years." It is said that a program has been worked out by Rear Admiral B. F. Hutchison, commandant of the navy yard and superintendent of the naval gun factory, by which replacement work and work on new guns will be spread over the next two yvears. The understanding is that no further cuts in personnel are thought of and even that some of the employes furloughed without pay a few weeks ago will be called back to work. SRR A The jaywalker has been taken in hand by the police, and it only re- mains for the authorities to place a band at the crossing to keep the passing throng properly in step. Leopold and Loeb remain in prison while Clarence Darrow pursues the paths of publicity, apparently con- tent to have rescued them from capi- tal punishment. —te— Parfs should employ a press agent to prevent Deauville from getting too much the better of the publicity. e President Coolidge faced a camera while he had a toothache. This is heroism. S A Philanthropist Seeks Advice. One of New York's numerous multi- millionaires recently, concluding that he ought to do something for the pub- lic welfare with his cash, sought &d- vice as to how he should dispose of his extra millions to the greatest ben- efit for the largest number. He did not confer with fellow philanthro- pists, who have had some experfence in the matter of giving away fortunes, but he sought suggestions of the peo- ple and caused publication of his re- quest for suggestions. The response has been voluminous. At the latest report §2,000 replies have been re- celved, and several secretaries are now engaged in examining them, while the would-be benefactor has fled to a secluded place of conceal- ment pending their report. . Probably most of these letters be- long to a single class, those suggest- ing that the best possible use for these millions would be in personal donations to the. writers. Peopje of large means do not have to ask for advice in the matter of benefactions in order to get this sort of proposals for division of résponsibility. Indeed, almost all the notoriously rich main- tain veritable bureaus for the consid- eration of such begging letters. But doubtless among the 82,000 replies re- ceived to date in this case are many sincere plans for practical philan- thropy, endowment of colleges, estab- lishment of libraries, hospitals, hos- pices for the care of the aged and in- firm, sclentific research laboratories, educational scholarships, public rec- reation centers and facilities, the pro- motion of art, or the advancement of religion. No one of great)fortune needs to | look afleld for ideas regarding the helpful and Instructive use of his at least two, years, with a feeling of | World War the pre-war force of about | lof course! NG surplus. This has been called a land of opportunity, and 1t is surely one ot opportunities for the mutimillionaire to expend his means for the benefit of his fellows of less fortune. Some freak scheme of wealth distribution and use may develop from the mass of proposals which this man is re- ceiving, but his own inspiration should be sufficient without the stimulus of this response to what to many ap- pears as a clever and not expensive bid for publicity. ——— Jewels for the Bonnet. News comes from London that Queen Mary has set a new fashion for wearing real jewels in the hat. For some time women have been wearing jewelry on the hat and shoes, but these jewels cost as a rule about 35 cents instead of $30,000. Jewels for hat pins and shoe buckles have re- tailed at about 17 cents a pound in- stead of $300 a carat. Of course, when the Queen of Great Britain, Empress of India, etc., wears jewels in her hat she sets a style and when a thing becomes a style there is noth- ing te do but obey it. If the ladies demand jewels for their hats the men must buy them. No other way out. Let the jewelers send in their bills. Hats always have been costly creations and a few thou- sand dollars in pearls and diamonds added to a hat will not make much difference. Perhaps, if women wear jewelry for other women to look at they cannot wear it in a better place than on the hat. Tt is the first part of woman that another weman looks at and is the object of her most sarcastic, or adoring, scrutiny. The King of England is perhaps better able to buy jewels than are many men in Washington, but there are male Washingtonians so oblivious to court etiquette that they believe their wives queens and entitled to anything a queen wants. If she wants diamonds on her bonnet, why The right sort of a hus- band—and all Washington husbands are that way—will cut down on his clgar bill and smoke a pipe. He will toss away the fond, bright hope of a new overcoat this Winter. Last year's overcoat and that of year be- a | fore last and the year before that, etc., can be relined, new buttons and another collar can be sewed on, and the rest of it can be darned to look as bright and snappy as it looked nine years ago. But his queen must be properly and stylishly attired. ———— A spark has appeared on the At- lantic coast. After rum fleets in the distance and sea serpents on the re- mote horizon, a plain old shark claims at least the respect of rellable au- thenticit; —_————— Explorers continue to haunt the Arctic regions in spite of the fact that there is not a chance of the North Pole ever rivaling Florida as a center of real estate development. —_—————— 1t is now agreed by the Ku Klux paraders that the removal of masks on a warm day in Washington was no particular hardship. ———— England admires America In many ways but continues to insist on re- garding cricket as a greater game than base ball. e New York producing managers promise dramatic novelties. A pla devoid of profanity may be amogg them. —————— The Louistana State lottery was long since suppressed. ; Dreams of sudden wealth have been passed along to Florida. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOENSON. Quest of Quietude. In town the gentle cop appears In philanthropic sway. He quells our‘momentary fears By saying, “Walk this way.” In orderly process ride The filvvers, up and down. I sought & peaceful countryside— I'm going back to town. A smoke screen spreads across the pike, I hear a barking gat. Two flivvers in collision strike— I wonller where I'm at. . The -bootleg bandits still intrude And cause a fretful frown. I long for gentle quietude— I'm going back to town. Noncommittal. “What is your attitude regarding prohibition?” “I decline to be interviewed,” said Senator Sorghum. “All the oratory is with the drys; but the wets are ac- cumulating so much money that they are liable to be dangerously influen- tal.” Feminine Superiority. A gentleman flapper wears trousers so wide That a bootleg they might very easily hide. A feminine stocking its lines will re- veal And prove a true lady has naught to conceal. Jud Tunkins says you used to look at & gal's chin for a dimple. Now you look at her knee. Price and Producer. “Are you satisfled with the present prices of wheat?” “The top price in the markets is fine,” answered Farmer Corntossel. “The only trouble is that I ain't the feller that gets it.” 0ld King Tut. Old King Tut in splendid gloom ‘Was laid in a tremendous tomb, Surrounded by the works of art In which his gold had played a part. He never saw an airship glide; He never had a motor ride; He never had a ragtime laugh By raido or phonograph. Old King Tut, in somber state, Is now recalled to demonstrate How ail the great majestft stuff May often prove a sorry bluff. “Money,” said Uncle Eben, “is what enables a lot of folks to act terrible foolish and git away with it STAR, WASHINGTO D. C, TUESDAY, AUGUST 18 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. This {s as good a time as any to clean out the basement. Perhaps better than waiting for Fall. In the old days it was the attlc which was “ridded out” but today there are more basements than attics. ‘The modern basement is a sort of “catch-all” for the whole house, a treasure chest of articles that should never be treasured, a ‘hope chest’ of things without hope. The basement is the Sargasso Sea of love's ocean, wherein all the flot- sam and jetsam of the daily life comes to rest, utterly bereft of use or charm, waiting the last call of the trash man. I speak not here of the elaborate basement you read about in adver- tisements, “ads” which show the ar- tistic furnace, a thing of beauty and a joy forever, being admired by a galaxy of ladies in-evening dress, at- tended by smartly attired gentlemen. Most of the basements I know any- thing about are not at all like that! As for the furnaces, the less sald {about them the better. A furnace is like small boys used to be—to be seen and not heard. No self-respecting furnace of my acqualntance makes any claim on the beauty prize. It sports nelther on piece bathing suit nor the late: thing in “kick pleats,” but it's a hot proposition just the same. The motto of the furnace is “Beauty is as beauty does,” and its favorite plece of poetry is something about doing noble deeds, not dreaming them, all day long * X xw Cleaning out the basement, how- ever, has little or nothing to do with the furnace. It is not this coal consumer we are going to “rid out” (get rid of). What householders “have need to get rid of are the thousand and one odds and ends which clutter up the basement in practically every home in Washington. Show me a epick- and-span basement, and I will show you one where some real work has been done only recently. One of the truly marvelous features of home life is the way a family can accumulate papers, magazines, old pleces of furniture, rugs, mops, brooms, buckets, dilapidated toys, toy wagons that have seen better days, stray pleces of worn-out garden hose and hundreds of other articles too numerous to mention. Every family runs a private junk shop in the basement, into which many things go over the protest of some member of the household or other. “I think T will throw this old coat away,” says the wife. “Throw’ that good, old coat away nothing!” says the husband, very un- grammatically, perhaps, but leaving no bit of doubt as to what he means, “What shall I do with it, then?" “Oh. put it down in the hasement, on that old chest of drawers. I will wear it the next time I go fishing.” So the frayed coat goes into the basement. “‘How about giving this old pan to the trash man?" asks the husband, seized with a cleaning-up streak, in hig turn. “I can use that old pan in the ~ den,” replies his wife. 5 g “What will you do with it now?” “Oh, T'll put it down in the base- ment.” * .ok % So the basement fills up, day by day, week by week, month by month. The average Washington basement has an absolutely unlimited capacity for absorbing punishment. It will take into its capacious depth every article FACTS IN COAL ARTICLE IL Earnings of anthracite mine work- ers, now demanding a 10 per cent in. crease in pay, vary between $1,200 and the kind of work done, the hours work- ed each day and the number of days worked each vear. Such s the range as disclosed by the Coal Commission in its study of conditions in 1921, plus the 10 per cent increase granted by Gov. Pinchot in 1923. does, virtually all employes from the boy just out of school to the contract miner fvorking on his own account and depending on the amount of coal he mines for the extent of his pay. The figures, it should be neted, are the subject of much controversy, and are based on research work going back four vears—ancient history, in a way, but the latest period for which impar- tial returns are available. The _public can get only the 1921 fig- ures, as unearthed by the Government from tens of thousands of individual entries on thousands of monthly pay rolls. The mine workers themselves and the anthracite operators know the earnings since 1921, but neither side has made them publie except in most fragmentary terms. In fact, the oper- ators have made public virtually nothing as to wages, costs or profits since 1921. Fear of the anti-trust law is said, in their behalf, to have estopped them from establishing a . clearing house for that kind of information. One Increase Since. §_Since the Coal Commission’s figures were gathered the mine workers have been granted a 10 per cent increase in wages. The increase is included in the foregoing computation. ‘Workers at the anthracite mines are grouped under two heads—inside work- ers and outside men. The average em- ployment during the year runs to ap- proximately 270 days. Disregarding the contract miners, whose income was dependent on plecework, the fol- lowing tabulation, prepared by statis- ticians employed by the Coal Commis- sion, shows average earnings in 1921 by various classes of inside workers, who worked between 250 and 300 days: Bratticemen and carpenters, $1,425; drivers, $1,290; doortenders and patch- ers (boys), $890; engineers, $1,40i headmen and footmen, $1,335; col pany_ laborers, $1,345; company min- ers, $1,525; pumpmen, $1,430; car run- ners, $1,300; timbermen, $1,780; track- layers, $1,430. If the 10 per cent increase of 1923 is added to these figures, the present earnings apparently vary between av- erages of $979 for the boys acting as doortenders and patchers up to $1,958 to the highest skilled labor, the tim- bermen. Effect of Another Increase. The 10 per cent increase in wages now sought would further increase the apparent averages to a range of from $1,077 for doortenders and patchers up to $2,154 for timbermen. Outside workers were paid, the com- mission found, the following average wages per day in 1921: Blacksmiths, $5.85; carpenters, §5.25; engineers, $5.00; firemen, $4.75; labor- ers, $4.25; machinists, $4.95; pump- men, $4.65; stablemen, $4.30; slate pickers, $2.85; teamsters, $4.40; tim- ber cutters, $4.45; track layers, $4.50; miscellaneous (men), $4.40; miscel- laneous (boys), $3.10. e Such were average wages s as disclosed - by the Federal Gov- ernment's inquiry after the of 1922. Assuming that the 10 per cent wage increase awarded by Gov. Pin- chot in 1923 applied with equal force to each of these classes of workers, their wages today vary between $3.41 per day for boys empioyed at miscel- laneous outside work to $5.88 for blacksmiths, the highest paid class. The 10 per cent increase now sought would bring the range up to Fopaiaissais: about $6,500 a year, the latter maxi- | mum to a limited few, according to| Truly a wide range, covering, as it} that every member of the family casts off, vet hates to part with, and- still hold” forth the delusion of plenty of space left. How it does it no one knows, but it does, until it presents the appearance of a cross between Fortune's cornu- copia and Pandora’s box. Yet what a sorry accumulation is there, my countrymen! It may be said without serious fear of contradiction that fully half of the contents of basements could be given to the trash man without the slightest loss (except to the trash man), and probably one-half of the remainder could be cut up into kindling wood very profitably. At least onehalf of the last re- mainder might be smelted down, so that it might be the more easily re- moved by the old junk man. Then the complete residue might be swept into the alley with the minimum of effort. The accumulation of dross as we go through life is one of the standing mysteries of that great mystery, man. Wherever you find this creature you find his left-overs. On to all he ever owned, Man hangs desperately, as though afrald that he might never have another chance to own the like again. Is it not possible to see here, writ in large letters, the story of the unending struggle of Man with poverty? No matter what a family owns to- day, down somewhere_in the nature of every member is the recognition that what is once gained ought to be held on to, “for it may come in handy some day. Aye, it may come in handy some day! R SO There is, too, another element we must never forget. It is sentiment. The reason we treasure so many old things in our basements is because we have an affection for them. What! have an affection for that old, battered trunk? Yes, for that old, battered trunk! That box accompanied us on many happy journeys in the old days, when our hearts were young. It stood by us’stanchly, and now that its ribs are bruised and broken, shall we turn it out of house and home? God forbid! Like the faithful old warhorse it is, let it stand there in the corner, stained, dilapidated, broken, but dry, and safe, covered with memories—and an old towel. Maybe we can use it some day! The lure of future use is the shin- ing light of hope to countless families. Who knows what the future may lowing experfence? You are about to build a radio set You wonder what vou will house the “works" {n. Christmas years ago. If that box had been made to order, it could not fill the bill better. are glad you ordered it saved, despite the protests of your wife. Happily you go into the basement —but you cannot find it. “Where 1s that box I asked you to save for me?’ “What box?" “That box Aunt Mary's Christmas sent came in.” Which Christmas hree years ago. “Oh, that box.” “Yes, that box. v, I gave it to the trash man yesterday.” CONTROVERS presents arrived three BY WILLIAM P. HELM, JR. (from $3.75 for boys to $6.47 per day | for blacksmiths. gard slate pickers, of whom there are relatively few, and whose work is, { perhaps, the lightest performed at the mine. Status of Miners’ Families. In addition to investigating the earnings of mine workers, the Fed- eral Government also inquired into their civic status and family respon- sibilities. Its investigation disclosed facts little known or understood out- side of the tight little anthracite fleld. Of 147,500 workers at the anthracite mines, the commission found, 78,000, or approximately 53 per cent, are for- eign-born, and of that number 42,000, or about 54 per cent, came from Russla and Poland. Nearly all of the foreign- born miners, however, had spent five years or more in the United States, but 34,000, or approximately 44 per cent, were still alien in their alle- giance. Ten thousand of the remain- ing 44,000 foreign-born miners had taken out first citizenship papers only, so that less than half of the foreign: born employes were American citizens. Two-thirds of the foreign-born miners and nearly half of the native miners maintained their own homes. More than a third of the former owned their homes, as compared with less than 29 per cent of the American miners. In the homes of these for- eign-born miners there were approxi- mately 200,000 children. Average Family Increases. Taking each family as a unit, the commission ascertained that the aver- age income among representative fam- iltes visited was approximately $176 a month between October 1, 1922, and March 1, 1933—prior, it will be noted, to the 10 per cent Pinchot increase Of this average about $140 represent- ed the father’s earnings. The re- mainder was made up of children’s earnings, the mother's earnings from boarders, and miscellaneous small rev- enue. Such was the average, but, like al- most everything else, there was wide diversity in earnings which went to make it up. Forty-one families out of every 100 had $176 or more monthly, but ‘the remaining 59 had incomes ranging between $100 and $150 a month. Living was on a fairly high standard among the better-earning families, but not so at the lower end of the scale. In 550 miners’ homes, where earnings were low, the com- mission found that the food consumed did not conform in variety to the standards set by experts as essential for healthful living. In the item of rent the commission found some compensation to offset relatively low earnings. Rents were notoriously low, ranging from $11.36 per month for a home in a community of from 2,500 to 10,000 inhabitants, up to an average of $14.71 per month in cities of more than 50,000. And that, too, was in 1921. (Copyright. 19265.) Unbelievable. It is small wonder people frequently say you can't believe what you see in the newspapers when as reliable a publication as the New York Times prints a story to the effect Mrs. Mary Flannigan appeared before a judge and asked to have her husband ban- ished from her house because he was in the habit of pushing his food aside and grumbling about everything she prepared for him. Possibly there is a mistake in the name, due to the care- lessness of a_young reporter, and cer- tainly the Times owes its readers some such explanation. That paper surely doesn’t expect us to believe a woman by the name of Mrs. Mary ever went to a judge for help when it came to managing that Busband of hers.—Kansas City Post. bring forth. Who has not had the fol- | | co-operations, that Philip Gibbs sums Suddenly you recall that | very fine box in which one of the| You | The figures disre- | | World War- | effort so dear | tality. 19: NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM L G M. TEN YEARS AFTER. By Philip Gibbs. George H. Doran Co. Inside the past 10 years the great- est and most monstrous of all wars has been fought—and forgotten. It is of this forgetting that Sir Philip Gibbs writes chiefly in “Ten Years After,” pointing out its most signifi- cant consequences—an indeterminate peace, an imperiled present, a men- acing future. * X X X Sir Philip reviews the World War— not as history, but rather as the means by way of which certain gains for the future might have been, still may be, rescued from the horrible losses of war itself. Consplcuous among these points of promise he counts the common uplift of spirit that greeted the outbreak of war, the banishment of self from every man's soul to make room for a flery zeal in the cause of all clvilization. A mighty building force this, provided it could be sustained even in part beyond the great occasion of its birth, beyond its proving by the ordeal of battle. Again he counts as material for the future the falling away of class barriers that 80 promptly met the common danger to home and country and the ordered ways of life. A denial of class which the mud and slime of the trenches served subsequently to seal with the stamp of common hardships and equal powers of endurance. Once more he cites that larger union which drew all the parts of imperial England to- gether to stand, as one, the shock of war. “From all parts of the empire the old mother country saw her homing birds. From Canada, Aus- tralia, New Zealand, South Africa came bronzed and hardy men. After them came wave after wave of young manhood from the far dominions, and for the first time in history the British Empire, so loosely linked, so scattered, 80 jealous of restraint or control from the British government, was seen to be a federation of English-speaking peoples more strongly bound by links of sentiment and kinship in time of peril than any imperialist of the old school could have forged by autocratic power. They were free peoples en- listing for service in the cause of civilization and in the chivalrous de- fense of peace-loving peop wanton- ly attacked by a brutal enemy.” It is this ability of people every- where to get together, their impulse under high motives so to do—eple didly demonstrated by the war—it is their power to reach a common understanding and to effect mighty as the truly potential age of the provided this power be husbanded and then expended again in reconstructive measures of a. per- manent peace In a newly based and a freshly oriented prosperity. * % x ¥ And has the world preserved and perfected the power of co-operative v won by war? Listen to Mr. Gibbs: “Ten years after . . . The memory of the war days is fading from the mind of the world. The 10,000,000 dead lie in thelr grav but life goes marching on. Self preservation, vital interestss new and exciting problems, the human whirli- gig. are too absorbing for a continual hark back to the thought of that mor- . Even the men who fought through those vears seldom speak of their experience. It is fading out of their own minds, though it seems unforgettable. Ten years after the classes have fallen apart again. The old hostilities between capital and labor have been revived with increasing bitterness in many minds. . Ten years after the closing up of ranks, the surrender of self-interest and a spiritual union, England is again seething with strikes, industrial conflict, political passion, and class consciousness. ... Ten years after the beginning of the war there is no sense of se curity in Eurcpe or the world. . . . Looking beck upon the vears after the war, one sees that the idealism, which for a little while might have changed the face of the world if there had been great and noble leadership, fell with a crash in many hearts be- cause the interpreters of the peace treaty were appealing not to the highest but to the lowest instincts of humanity; to greed rather than jus- tice; to vengeance rather than recon- struction; to lies rather than truth.” ok ok * Mr. Gibbs reviews the peace treaty for the sake of showing that to it may be traced the most of the troubles immediately following the war. Im- possible of fulfillment, this instrument has, therefore, been the cause of end- less strife, of feelings as bitter as those engendered by the war itself. It has given rise to new nations faced by the old problems, to new schemes of finance, to new and false concepts of economic soundness. In a spirit of regret the author surveys the League of Nations, regret that it was not more fully indorsed and more heartily supported than it turned out to be. Idealistic in fts origin, it ap- peals to genuine lovers of peace as the best that has yet been offered serve the interests of peace. This t cause of Sir Philip’s regret at its hal? welcome and {ts consequent struggling existence. * ® ¥ % The present is filled with peril, sourced in that imperfect peace. There is the peril of raclal antagonisms— he Balkans still a stewpot of racial passions and rivalries—Serbs, Bulgars, Montenegrins, Albanians, Ruman- lans, Greeks and Turks all snarling at each other, all waiting until the great powers get to grips again, or are too busy to intervene betyeen these smaller natlons.” Russia is becoming race-conscious again. Another source of trouble. “I believe that the massa- cre of the World War and some of its lessons and watchwords have aroused passions and ambitions among the dark-skinned races which will lead to many new problems and perils, The British Empire is face to face with these in India, Egypt, Asia, Italy and Spain will have to face them in North- ern Africa. America will have to face them in_her own Southern States and on the Pacific coast. . . . Meanwhile the economic struggle between the white nations is threatening to de- velop with a severity of competition which is alarming to all students of international affairs.” * Kk K Not even Sir Philip himself could call this anything but a picture of deep gloom. On the other hand no one could dispute the evidence which he submits as underlying cause of this loom. Against this discouraging bulk e places 10 pages of “The Hope Ahead.” This is the optimist’s hope— “that good may possibly prevail over ill will, that knowledge and wisdom are beginning to tell, just a little, against ignorance and insanity, and that after the frightful lessons of the last 10 years a majority of people are eager to find settlement of old causes of quarrels, old hatreds, new hostilities:| and future conflict, by friendly com- promise and good statesmanship.” The spirit of peace must prevail, a peace education must take root, thought must be liberalized, intoler- ance must fade, class warfare must be eradicated. ““Ten years after let us remember the splendor and the spirit of the youth that died for ideals not yet ful- filled.” A book of hours in effect is this “Ten Years After” for one to take up over and over again for its sincerity. its wisdom, its wide outlook, its sea- soned thinking, for its eloquence and its dramatic fiight. | robbed of their fertility. | indicates actd land, !leaf are good indica | to_reports from German ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]J. HASKIN. Q. How many taxis are there in the District?—P. D. S. A. The Traffic Bureau of the Dis- trict says it has issued 1,265 licenses to automobiles which are for hi It would be jmpossible to say how many of these licenses were issued to private hackers. Q. Suppose the level of the sea could be reduced 600 feet, how much land surface would be added to the| world?—0. 0. B. A. It would add 10,000,000 square miles to the land area. Q. Did Darwin study the develop- ment of his own children?—W. N. A. Darwin made notes on the de- velopment of one of his children, thereby setting a fashion for parents, teachers and other psychological ob- servers, Q. Are King George V and Queen Mary related to each other by blood? A. Queen Mary is King George's second cousin once removed. Q. How many of the law schools in the country conform to the stand- ards set by the American Bar Asso- tion and the Association of Ameri- can Law Schools?—C. F. W. A. Forty-four out of 149 law schools at the present time conform to the standards of the assoclations. Q. How fast do diseass germs mul- tiply?—C. T. A. It is estimated that {n suitable conditions one bacterfum in 24 hours will have 17,000,000 descendants. Q. To settle an argument, what size guns do our submarines use?— H. A. A. The latest type of submarine is equipped with the 6inch fleet sub- marine gun. The old type is equip- ped with the 5inch gun. Q. What s the salute to the church flag?—W. H. B A. The salute to the Christian flag was written by the Rev. Lynn Harold Hough and first used in the Sunday school of the Third Methodist Epis- copal Church, Long Island City, N. Y., Christmas eve, 1908. It reads: “I pledge my allegiance to my flag, and to the Savior for whose kingdom ft stands, one brotherhood, uniting all mankind in service and love.” Q. Is it correct to say ‘“‘the balance OBf l(;m evening was spent in dancing"? "A. The word “remainder” should be used—not “balance.” Q. Was Adelina Patt! the highest paid prima_donna on the operatic stage?- F. W. A. She received very high prices for her performances and is said to have earned in the course of her life $5,000,000. Aithough the question of salary is a private one, it is reason able to believe that Patti was one of the highest paid artists, if not the highest, on the operatic stage. Q. Can land be judged by the weeds that grow on it?—A. P. A. The character of their growth indicates the quality of the soil. Wild carrot and the ox-eve daisy grow o upon poor =oils or soils that have been Sheep sorrel the necessity of applying lime to “sweeten” the soil. nitrogenous food in the soll, while yellowish follage and sparse stringy growth show lack of this material, Q. How many dangerous railroad crossings are there in the United States’—R. BE. R A. There are about 250,000 grade crossings over the class 1 rallroads of this country, but there is no surve: which shows what percentage of these crossings are dangerous. Q Is it true that a new hotel is started every day in Florida?—G. J A. The Florida State hotel com missioner reports that permits for 42 hotels were issued during the first five months of this year. Q. What is the difference in the gas mileage on improved and unimproved A. The Portland Cement Associa tion says that conclusive tests have that a gallon of gasoline will carry you only two-thirds as far on & gravel road as on a concrete road and only half as far on a dirt road as or concrete. Q. What weight tennis racket doe William T. Tilden, II, use?—W. W A. Willam T. Tilden, II, say: uses a racket weighing 133 to ounces. He prefers the light we but, of course, there is some var Q. What was the revenus collectad during the 1924 fiscal year in the Yel- lowstone National Park?—R. G. M A. The total amount of revenuo was $299,132.97. This included the reve e from automobiles and motc cycles, hotels and camps, transporta- tion, stores and miscellaneous items | Q. What is the origin of kis AMH A. According to Pliny, it was the opinion of Cato that kissing first be gan between kinsmen and kinswome in order that the form ght know Whether their wives or daughters tasted wine. B Q. How is the displacement for flat-bottomed boat figured in pounds and inches?—W. T. W. A. The displacement tonnage o ship is equal to the weight of water actually displaced by the v sel. It is computed usually by cal lating, from drawings of the ship b the naval architect, the cubical cor adding to that figure ic feet in the prop terior of the hull & portion of total is divided by feet of se ton. 11 (What do you wish to know? Ho | to raise canaries? How to can fruits | How to patent an invention? How fo | swim? The quickest and best routr | for an auto trip? How to resilver mir rors? How to make bread? Ho run the home with fewer prob and more content? Ilow best to the hundreds of other things tha come up_each d Then twrite today to our Washington information bu reau—a great free educational insti tution established solely to serve you Send in your question and get the right answer. Inclose 2 cents stamps for return postage and o dress The Star Informatoin Burea Bracken, sedge and moss show that the land needs drainage. Dark green follage and large size of plant and BY PAUL ¥ being deported from Poland to Ge many, in accord with the treaty Versailles and the later treat Vienna. The deportations, accordir are unde conditions of great hardship. No pro visions had been to receive the immigrants, d been assured by German Soclal- ists not to worry about the possibility of deportation, since there would prob- ably be no deportations. According to some versfons (not published from ‘many), it was the full expectation of the German politicians that within two or three vears the Fatherland would again extend over Upper Silesta (now a part of Poland by reason of the Versailles treaty and the plebi- scite), hence there would need ‘of German migration. “Der Tag” was persistently prophe- sied, when Germany would regain all for the; even up to the eve of the day for the forced expulsion the Socialists lulled to sleep their nationals in Poland with fancled security. These German: therefore persisted in remaining in Poland, with no heed to the fact that they had definitely and voluntarily elected to remain German citizens and thereby obligated themselves to mi- grate. E ey Under the terms of the Versailles treaty article 91, it was provided that the German states of Pomerania and Posnania should become a part of Poland. Thereby, all residents then living in that territory became auto- matically Polish citizens, unless with- in two years—not later thin Jahuary 10, 1920—they exercised thefr option to' remain German citizens, agreeing to migrate before August 1, 1925, for those who owned no real estate and not later than January 1, 1926, for holders of real property. All movable property could be taken along or shipped out without taration. It has been reported in dispatches that almost an equal number of Poles rediding in Germany have been de- ported to Poland. Sometimes it has been explained that this was done in reprisal against the expulsions of Germans; it has also been explained that no reprisal was intended. B S It is officially stated that about 1,000,000 Germans living in territory which passed from Germany to Po- land elected to become Polish citizens, and about 500,000 or 600,000 Poles who lived within the boundaries of terri- tory remaining in Germany became German citizens. In neither of these cases have the people been disturbed by the emigration stipulations. Anticipating the emigration re- quirements of nou-German people re- taining Polish citizenship, the Polish government and Polish communities began a year ago the work of welcom- ing their compatriots back to Poland. All_Polish consuls were active in gathering the emigrants together in parties ot 300 to 1,000 and providing them with trains to carry them across the border. There they were met by organized welfare committees, which looked after their comfort. Bands greeted the em! and patri- otic speeches thrilled them with wel- coming sentiments. After the prelimi- nary welcomes, employment commit- ‘tees sought work for the newcomers, In every way they were made to feel that the home-coming was a matter of rejolcing, not of woe. In this way, according to Polish authofity, all Poles were taken out of German ' jurisdiction before the time Hmit ex; so that {t has not beert possible for Germany to make any re- prisals, since there are no Poles in Germany except those who are nat- uralized German citizens not subject to deportation. % * %k X X The details of methods and regula- tions covering the interchange of na- tiopals, according to the provisions of the Versallles treaty, were worked out in a special treaty between Poland and Germany, made in Vienna Au- BACKGROUND OF EVENT taken in Germany | never be| she had lost in the World War, and | Frederic J. Haskin, director, Twent rst and C streects northwest, Was ington, D. C.) = ’. COLLINS. registered > League of 19 Th f | don against the that any m the two govern necessary instruct petent authorities to possible both the of that provision or to make a preparation to receive her nat a Hence there is now scandal and distress connectec camp of refuge where e from er Pr r advised are scandalo ed Germans test to thei bitrary measures They “beg the President and go ment to alleviate the of the refugees by means afd to adopt against the Poles 1i especially to evict of Poles from Ger tical methods employed by the I’c ok ok x In a recent interview Secretar Foreign Affairs Stresemann dec that Poland I ‘Confiscated t dwellings of Germans, forcing th igrate and sacrifice thefr pro answer to that charge, Polish officials point to the fact that mno German who owned real estate hud been deported, mnor would any be forced out before next Januar under the.provisions of the Vier treaty of last August; that all Ge mans had a definite notice of a year the option to remain Ger ens, they were obligated t leave Poland August 1, if not owners of real estate, or next January 1, holders of real estate. Hence there no foundation for Secretary Strese mann’s charge. In cases where Germans held leasc on Polish property, they were order ed out, and the ledses canceled Au gust 1, according to the Vienna treaty but that worked no financial los They could have remained if the had been willing to become Polis citizens. ‘When it was found, in 1920, Poland and Germany eould not concerning the boundary dispute and the exchange of nationals, the matter was referred to the League of N tlons, which appointed an eminent Belgian jurist, Judge Kaekenback, as arbitrator, in applying the terms of the Versailles treaty. He ruled that it was the right of any nation to cx clude or deport allens, at will. e The deportation of nationals has nc connection with either the plebescitc of 1921—a year after the opt us to citizenship retention—or with the ec nomie dispute now pending betwecn the two countries. ‘Under the Versailles treaty, Ger many was obligated to receive free of import duty 300,000 tons a month of Polish coal. That obligation ex pired July 1, 1925, and Germany has refused to accept any more coal Im portations witbout a tariff protecting her own coal. For some years Germany has suf. fered French occupation of her Ruhr coal district, but now that the Ruhr has been restored to German control she no longer can use Polish coal ex cept at the expense of her own pro duction. German industries today are in a state of stagnation, which re duces her coal consumption. All of the economic crisis is quite Independs ent of the exchange of nationals. (Coprright, 1225, by Paul V. Collisa)