Evening Star Newspaper, August 17, 1925, Page 6

T THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY.......August 17, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office e Fenarivania Ave dite” IO Eat A se. Chitago Office: Tower Butldin Buropean Office 'ld‘ Ht-‘rcnl St., London, The Evening Star. with the Tng edition. 18 dclivered by carriers within the ity at 60 s per month: daily only. 43 cents per m h: Sunday only. 20 cents = ontt Ore ent by mail o lephone Main 5000, ection is made by carrier at the end of each month 11 Ne: . st orh Sunday morn- Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virgin n% 0., 1mo Daily and Sunday 1yr., $8.40; Daily only ooyl li1yr. $6.00 imo: Sunday only ..., 15Tl $2.40 All Other States. s10.00 Member of the Associated The Associated Press is exclusively entitled 1o the use for republication of all news dis- patches credited o it or not otherwise cred- ited in thie paper and also the local new: published herein. Al rights of publication ©of spacial dispatches herein are also reserved. Following in the Footsteps. The platform of Robert M. La Fol- lette, . the Republican nomination Senate in Wis- e of the late Senator La his father, 1922. The younger La Follette has set at all speculation as to whether he would enter the senatorial race as “Republican” an “in- dependent Progressive., He enters the Republican primarles, where he will be opposed by Roy P. Wilcox, the “stalwart” recently selected by the “regu Republicans in con- vention at Oshkosh. . Mr. La Follette, in announcing his determination to run for the Senate as a Republican, follows the.course pursued by his father years ago when the late Senator was a candidate for Governor of Wisconsin. The senior La Follette was bitterly antagonistic to the Republican organization which then controlled the State. He in- sisted, however, that he and other Republicans of Wisconsin, who be- lieved in the principles of the Repub- lican party, should not be debarred from the Republican party merely because he and they differed with the leaders of the in the State Senator La Follette discarded the suggestion made some that he run as independent, and it was as a Republi that he eventually won his ht in the Badger State. It is as a Republican that his son will seek to succeed him The effort of the La Follette cam- paign in Wisconsin will be to con- tinue to control the Republican or- ganization of the State. In the early days of La Follette's fight with the Republican State organization the dead Senator maintained his loyalty to the Republican national organiza- tlon. But after he had become Gov- ernor and Sgnator he sought to “re- form” the fational Republican or- ganization as he had the State or- ganization. He came into conflict with the national leaders. Always he strove to work from within the party, however, until the last year of his life, when he ran as an independent Progressive candidate for the presi- dency on a platforni that was a mix- ture of his own old platforms and of the Socialist party, which agreed to support him. La Follette, jr. will seek to work within the party for principles advocated by his father, even though they bring him into direct conflict wjth the powers that be in the Republican national or- ganization today. But in this stand | he will not be alone. Other Republican | progressives in the Senate and in| the House, notably Norris of Ne- | braska, take the same position. They | decline to vield their Republicanism, althqugh they differ radically with the conservative leaders of the party. The formal statement by the| younger La Follette emits discussion of the Government of railroads and regu- lation of transportation omits mention of the courts and the pro- posal the Legislature su- | preme in determining what shall and | what shall not be the law stitutional ns Government seeking for the the platform Follette, is in rest party by an an progressive ownership to further It looks to make when con- { involved. railroads and the attack on the courts featured the platform the La Follette- Wheeler ticket and the principal tar cK by the Coolidge forces Mr. La Follette declares, however, | that he takes h | ciples which to public “I shall not compromise, not ownership of were s stand upon the prin- were his father's guide service. nd T will The Wiscon- surrender,” Republican regu sin 1 older he concludes. lars face in sht which they faced La Follette was their bitter and successful antagonist. the same when the ——— The City of Moscow has nearly two million inhabitants; which fact would | indicate that with all their faults, the Sovetists know how to bhoost the home town - Prohibition enforcement brings up | many questions, even in the minds of people who are carnestly in favor of bitlon itself Crooked Motor Licenses. Over in New York some form of | graft is being turned up so regularly that the big city has come to regard this manifestation of cupidity as a normal feature of official conduct. But the form of criminality most late- Iy revealed hits at the public security, and in there is more than usual concern on the part of the population. It has been discovered that through the bribery of inspectors of the Traffic Bureau many applicants for motor-driving permits have been licensed without tests and without qualification. The usual fee, paid to the “fixer,” has been $50, for which sum the candidate for chauffeurship got his license, being merely required to have his photograph taken and to sign his name twice. This fee was consequence been -carried on, or how many motor drivers are now running cars in New York without having undergone any form of tests or examinations What- ever, Is not known. There is evidence, however, that the graft was wide- spread, and that numbers of firms, usually masquerading as takers of “license photographs,” have been en- gaging in it. There is certain evi- dence that the streets of the big clty are well sprinkled with unqualified drivers. The numbers of accidents have been greatly increased. This trade is actually a traffic in human lives. For $50 a man may be set loose on the streets to maim and kill others through the reckless, in- competent driving of a machine. No one is responsible for him. In the present state of procedure he is rarely held accountable for the consequences of his foolhardy or unskilled use of his motor. The grafters have “got theirs” and the case is closed, while the vic- tim suffers, if he survives, and his family m&firns if he dies. This graft will doubtless now be checked. Crooked inspectors will be fired, perhaps they and their partners in the crime will be prosecuted, pos- sibly punished. But it may be set down as assured that another scheme to cheat the law, to beat the rules and to put licenses in the hands of crooks and incompetents will be sought and perhaps devised. The disposition to traffic in crime is inherent in a cer- tain class of people. - Armed to Kill. Two grocery stores were entered in this city Saturday night by thidves— possibly by the same one—and in one of them the storekeeper was shot mor- tally, The account of these crimes in- a single person. In the first case the robber was surprised at his work of tapping the till by the proprietor, who grappled with him and wrested his pistol from him. The thief escaped. It is the police theory that the man then went off and got another gun, with which he later shot the keeper of the second store he entered. Here we have the easily obtained deadly weapon.once more. If there were two thieves, each of them was armed to kill. If there was but one the robber found a substitute gun without difficulty. There is no trouble whatever nowadays for the crook, the highwayman or the deliberate slayer in arming himself. He can buy a dozen pistols if he wishes by merely giving as many names and fake ad- dresses as he pleases. The recently formed national crime commission, consisting of citizens who seek the cause and cure for the prev- alence of lawlessness in this country, will doubtless consider this question of criminal armament. The laws on the subject afford practically no pro- tection to the public. In some States restrictive statutes prevail, but acros a nearby boundary supplies of deadly weapons may be obtained without the least trouble or risk. They are sold and delivered by mail. They are as common a commodity es shoes or crackers. One of the sources of supply for the criminals of America is Europe, from which great numbers of cheap deadly weapons are exported for the trade in this country. They are sold by tens of thousands, many of them fashioned in fmitation of standard American makes. A strict prohfbition of such imports is necessary if the traffic in death-dealing implements is to be regulated. This is an- interstate matter, not local, and calls for curative action by Congress and by State Legislatures in co-operation. The traffic in pistols i one of the chief factors in the prev- alence of crime in the United States, and if there is to be any lessening of American lawlessness it be rigidly restricted. ———— must Every time John D. Rockefeiler pre- sents somebody with a silver dime the whole world smiles. When he gives | a million or so toward philanthropy the incident is soon forgotten. The value of money depends on many things. A well authenticated Rocke- feller 10-cent piece may one day be worth a hundred thousand dollars of any museum’s money. SR Dayton, Tenn., has the proud satis faction of knowing that she got as far into the headlines of Democratic news as New York itself, in spite of the enormous advantages enjoyed by a nominating convention. r——— John T. Scopes will go through col lege with very little prospect of changing the opinions he learned in the high school books. America has money and Europe ha experience. The transaction proposed is a very familiar one. ——— The Sky Sign. A few days ago a man died in this country whose chief claim to memary is the fact that he was the first to erect a great electric “sky sign” and was thus the pioneer in this mode of advertising. From his earlier efforts in this direction have come some stupendous developments in the wa of nocturnal announcements in glow- ing bulbs. A vast sum of money is annually expended in maintaining these sky signs, some of which are fixed and some “animated” with vivid changes of position and color, highly ingenious and certain to attract at- tention. One of the Broadway posters devised by the late inventor of this form of public announcement burns $108,000 worth of current in 4 year. It is estimated that the signs on that one street use a million lamps and cost $20,000,000 a year for con- struction and rental. There is one sign in Cleveland that uses more electricity. than a city of 25,000 popu- lation. Students of conservation will be interested perhaps to consider what the relationshipys between this daz- zling glow of business announce- | | I | | dicates that they were committed by ) [ THE EVENING can with ease of mind continue power preduction with bituminous fuel. Thdse blazing sky signs, glaring in every city and in almost all towns, constitute a tremendous annual drain upon the fuel reserves, with a mini- mum of value to the public. Opinion is dfvided as to the asthetic aspect of the sky sign which devel- oped from the early work of the man who recently died. - There are some who think that these night glares of proclamation are attractive. Others jWho feel that they are a disfigure- ment. There is also divided opinion as to their commercial value. Yet they multiply, and they grow in size and in intricacy of display. So it is to be assumed that those who build them or rent them are convinced that they are useful, whether ornamental or not. They are at any rate charac- teristic of American prodigality. ——— Fewer Car and Bus Riders. Annual reports filed by the two traction companies and the Wash- ington Transit Co., which operates bus lines, indicate a material decrease in passenger trafic during the cal- endar year 1924. The Washington Railway and Electric Co. carried 95, 1333, a decrease of 3,768,777, or 8.8 77, per cent. The Capltal Traction Co. | carried 85,105,564, a decrease of 3,736,- 642, or 4.4 per cent. The Washington Rapid Transit Co. carried 4,057,417, a decréase of 104,745, or 2.6 per cent. The total number of passengers car- ried by all three lines was 186,038,314, a loss from 1923 of 7,610,164, or a slight fraction over 4 per cent. This loss of 7,610,164 passengers, or “fares,” in the course of the year 1924 is significant of a change in the transit habits of the people of Wash- ington. It means a loss dally of slightly over 20,000 fares, or on the basis of two trips a day, to and from work, 10,000 individuals who have either walked or have ridden in pri- vate vebicles. The increase in the number of motor cars accounts for a large percentage of this loss to the transit companies. “Pick-ups,” or free riders in the motors of other peo- ple, constitute a material percentage, though that number is not deter- minable. 1t s evident from these figures that the public transportation business is in a state of change, if not of decline. I the year 1925 should show a de- crease, a situation requiring serfous consideration, presents itself. For some time it has been realized that a shift of business from the rail trac- tion lines to bus lines was inevitable, i fact, was in progress. Establish. ment by the traction companies of bus routes indicated appreciation by them of this tendency. But these latest figures for 1924 show a dimi- nution in the patronage of both the rail lines and the bus lines. S R Motion picture directors are said to recelve as much as $2,000 a week. The sum seems prodigious, yet even a motion picture director has to meet the constantly increasing cost of liv- ing. S ann L Republicans are pretty well agreed that Calvin Coolidge can have another term if he wants it. Democrats ex ercise the right to reserve an opinion. ———— A great many Germans evidently desire a firm and rellable government, without caring much whether it is called a monarchy or a republic. ———— The plans for granite carvings an- nounced by Mr. Borglum make the plain old-fashioned bill poster look like a very small operator. ———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Vacation Note. Some day 1 shall take a vacation And bid the world wait while I dream, Fongetful of life's agitation ‘While mortals must scramble and scheme, Some day T shall take a vacation— T cannot say where it will be— With a tombstone to mark my loca- tion = ‘Neath a bird singing up in a tree. A Respect for Wealth. “Do you believe that your ancestors were monke: “Certainly not,” answered Senator Sorghum. “I never yet heard money. 1 shall always insist that my ancestors were not monkeys, but or- gan grinders.” Concealment. T said unto a Kukleman, “Take off your mask, quick as you can.” He showed a face no different From those that have caused discon- tent, With bad complexion, eyes and teeth And symptoms lying underneath; Wherefore 1 humbly cried, “Alack! Pick up vour mask and put it back! Jud Tumkins says many a bluff gets by, because the game is crooked that @ peaceable man hates to call in the police. s0 Frankly Unmusical. “What is your favorite musical in- strument?” “The Jewsharp,” Cayenne. “But you can't hear it more than a few feet away. “That's why I like it.” answered Miss Piracy. Old Cap'n Kidd, the'things you did Were surely bad enough, But you, at least, did not get rid Of wicked bootleg stuff. “I don't know much ‘bout evolu- tion,” said Uncle Eben, “but I will say dat de way monkeys always git deir rent free shows consid’able mo® ments in the United States—bearing in mind that one street in the city of New York contains electric signs worth $20,000,000 in a single year— and the American power supply. This “gplit” between the ‘“fixer” and the license office officfal who managed the issue of the permit. How long this trede in licenses has country has not vet put itself on the basis of “white coal” electric current production through the utilization of water power to the degree that it LY dan human sagacity.” Rather Radical. From the New York Herald-Tribune. A labor party is being formed in Japan with the purpose of limiting working time to 16 houn;du,* of a| monkey who understood the value of | STAR, WASHINGTON. Tlleus felt pretty sore after quar- reling with his brother Junius. The jaun was high in the heavens above Nicopolis when their brotherly tiff ended. “I'm through with you,” belched Junius, in his wrath. “It will be a long, long day before T have anything more to do with you." “Oh, you'll get over it pretty soon,” answered llleus, gathering his toga about him, preparatory to departing. The fuss had been over a trifle, and he was amazed that even the hot- tempered Junius should take it so seriously. “Yes, I"ll get over it pretty s all right,” sneered the brother. be over it in 100 A.D."” As it was then just 10 A.D., Junius’ remark was rather cutting. The milder Illeus sauntered away in despair. If he had known Junius would have taken the matter so se- riously, he never would have be- gun it. What can you do with a fool Nicopolitan like that?” disgustedly murmurred Tlleus. He trod the stones on the way to the mottled marble porch of Eplc- tetus, lame philosopher. The white houses along the way were closed; no sign of life was about them. On yonder portico, however, he saw the white-robed teacher, sur- rounded by a score or more pupils. The soft drone of the voice of the philosopher came along the street. He spoke of high and mighty things. “A true Stoic, if there ever was one,™ Illeus said to himself, hesitat- ing. “There are a lot of pretenders to Stolcism, but old Eplctetus is a real one. I believe—"" * X k X Tleus left his thoughts unsaid, turn- ing them into direct action when he proceeded to the marble porch. His sandaled stride attracted attention of Epictetus and pupils allke, for llleus was one of the fir: of men in Nicopolis to adopt the new fashion of fastening iron cleats to the bottoms of his sandals to save wear. As Tlleus clanked across the marble porch Epictetus raised his left hand in greeting. “Welcome, O Tlleus,” he called. “Welcome, O Eplctetus,” courteously responded Illeus, bowing his head in deference to the worthy life and teachings of the pallosopher. “Be seated, Illeus,” added Epictetus. The brother sat down. “What brings you here?” continued® Epictetus, rustling his beard with his hand. It was a noble beard, forsooth. ‘When Epictetus had been expelled from Rome, along with the rest of the philosophers, he was one of the few who refused to t with his beard, indfcative of his calling in 1i Those who professed philosoph jlove of their fellow man, lived ac- cording to nature, and nature gave men beards, therefore Epictetus wore a beard. Tlleus, looking strained to tell h “I have had s brother, Junius, nd he is pretty hot at me." “Yes? “Yes. Juni the at him, felt all. quarrel . with my qouth Tlleus con- 3 is madder than a| tribune when some one refuses to bow before him. Now I would like to ask vyou how I can persuade the fat head to cease being angry with me.” The pupils leaned forward. whs their meat “Philosophy does not propose to secure for a man any external thing,” replied Ey tus, pointedly. This | what 1 “It it did,” he continued, “philos. FACTS IN COAL BY WILLIAM Editor's Note: This is the first of siz articles by Mr. Helm on the anthracite coal controversy. The second article will be published to- ‘morrow. The United States Government powerless to avert a coal cept by persuasion. Of 50,000 laws enacted by Congress in our national lifetime, not one places today in the hands of Calvin Coolidge a solitary weapon with which to defend the pub- lic against a coalless Winter. | Herbert Hoover said it during the | 1ast coal strike but one, when he spoke his mind on the activity of certain | Senators who had bestirred them- selves to reduce coal profiteering. The records of the Department of Com- merce disclose a telegram from its | head, dated Youngstown, Ohio, June 8, {1922, in which Mr. Hoover outlined | preliminary steps against profiteering, and added: “If Congress will emergency method, glad if they would do so, as the ad- ministration has powers but per- suasion and the willingness of the ma- Jjority of the operators to co-operate.” is strike, ex i provide a better I shall indeed be no H Congress Did Nothing. That telegram, made public on the ¢ of its receipt, provoked a storm of | comment, but Congress did nothing. The law stands today as it stood then: Iso far as Federal statutes are con. cerned, the coal quarrel is a private {controversy, the public welfare to the contrary notwithstanding. Six weeks later, or on July 18, 1922, when the joint anthracite and bitu’ minous strike was more than three and a half months old, Warren Hard- ing announced the failure of his ef- forts to_induce the warriors to arbi- trate. White House attempts at me- dgiation had been spurned. In a tele- gram to the governors of all the coal- producing States President Harding recited &is offer and its rejection, and then, in the following language, dis- closed the lack of Federal authority to compel a resumption of mining. “The failure to secure the accept- ance of this proposal for a voluntary | adjustment left me no other course but to invite the mine operators to re- | turn to their homes and resume activi- ties.” And again: There has been no Government as- sumption of a part in the dispute be- | |tween organized workers and organized | employers. I did offer the only avail- able agency which T know to effect a settlement, and these good offices have not availed. Promise of Protection. “It therefore becomes necessary, in the name of common welfare, to invite production, in the fulfillment of that | obligation ~which attaches to any American industry engaged in provid- ing any public necessity, and to afford security to all men alike, who are ready and willing to work and serve the common need. No cause is so im- portant as that of cammon welfare, and there must be the supprestn of every unlawful hindrance to the serv- ice of that cause. To the task of law- ful protection and the maintenance of order the Federal Government pledges to you every assistance at its com- mand. That was as far as Harding could £o in 1922 and it is as far as Coolidge can go in 1925. The law of then is the law of today. And it is significant of the immediate future that the White House assurance of protection in 1922 to all workers returning to their work and all operators reopening their work- ings brought not a_single pound of coal to the surface. The union was air- tight then and it is no less air-tight today in the anthracite fields of the United States. D. 0., MONDAY, AUGUST 17, 1925 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ophy would be allowing something which is not within its province. For, as the carpenter’s material is wood, and that of the molder is copper, so the matter of art of living is each man’s life.” * Kk * * Tlleus looked somewhat thinking to himself. ~‘‘Well, has this got to do with 1t?” He spoke his doubts to Epletetus. “What, then, is my brother's life?” “It belongs to him,” replied the philosopher. “But, with respect to vour life, his life is one of the exter- nal things, such as a plece of land, health or reputation. “Philosophy promises none of these. ‘In every circumstance,’ philosophy says, ‘I will maintain the governing part of man conformable to nature.’” Epictetus paused, whereupon Illeus asked, “Whose governing part?" “His in whom philosophy is,” re- torted Epictetus. “How, then, shall my brother cease to be angry with me?” asked Illeus. “Bring him to me, and I will tell him,” answered Epictetus, “But T have nothing to say to you about his anger. Tlleus looked more taken aback than ever. “Well, T at least would like to know this, how, even'if my brother is not reconciled to me, shall I main- tain myself in a state conformable to_nature?” Epictetus, by a toss of his head, sig- naled his pupils to lend close atten- tion. Some, sitting on seats across the porch, leaned forward to hear the better. The teacher began again: “Nothing great s produced sud- denly, since not even the grape or flg is. “If you say to me now that you want a fig, I will answer to you that it requires time: let it flower first, then put forth fruit, and then ripen.” “The old boy is off on that,” Illeus snickered to. himself. “Figs don't flower."” . Epictetus, 'sublimely unaware of what was passing in the mind of his visitor, went ahead with his perfectly good figure of speech, even if it was not_strictly perfect horticulturally. “If, then, the fruit of a fig tree is not perfected- suddenly, and in one hour, would you possess the fruit of a mind in so short a time, and 5o Epicteus sighed. “Do not expect it, éven it T should tell you to,” he added. T “In_other words, O Epictetus” smiled Tlleus (who was of Greek de- scent, and had a spice of humor in him), “you would have me know that sk you to do suddenly, I must do muyself, for myself, by myself, as the result of many years of labor, such as you have devoted to the study of how to maintain one’s self in a state conformable to nature.” “Your understanding, O Tlleus,” re- plied Epictetus, with a flicker of a smile around the stern corners of his mouth, “is perfect, my friend.” Silenice reigned for a space under the mottled columns. Then Epictetus spake. “I will say this much punishment of those who do not live conformable to their nature? It is to be what they are. “Is any person dissatisfied with be- ing lonely? Let him be lonely. Is other ~dissatisfied with his Let him be a _dissatisfled brother? That is his punishment. That is all I can say at this time." Illeus arose to depart “Thanks, O Epictetus,” he said. g0 to seek my brother Junius.” CONTROVERSY P. HELM, JR. amazed, ‘what and failed, the strike ended. The min- ers went back to work in 1922 when they got good and ready. A vear later the hard-coal miners struck again after a period of preliminary negotia- tion, which was a remarkable parallel, in many respects, to the negotiations which ended recently in deadlock Atlantic City. And again, when they got good and ready—not until Gov. Pinchot of Pennsylvania granted them a 10 per cent increase in wages— they went back to work. It is reasonable to ume that they will follow precedent in 1925. There are about 155,000 of them and they | have enjoved two years of good work- | ing time at good " pay. They have averaged, according to the operators, bout, 00 a vear. They have made v and most of them have saved In the main they in splen- dig condition to withstand & period of idfeness if they have to withstand it. Morale of Miners Perfect. Their morale is 100 per cent perfect. Almost to a man, they are behind the leaders. They want more money and they believe in the righteousness of their caus There isn’'t any law on the books than can make them work and it is doubtful if they would work unwillingly even if there were a vol- ume of laws to make them do so. Back of that frame of mind there is history. The United Mine Workers of America have never lost an an- thracite fight. Twelve times within the past 23 vears they have locked horns with the operators, beginning with the Roosevelt award of 1903, and each time the miners have emerged victorious. The first award shortened their working hours from 10 to 9 daily, but left. their wages unchanged except to establish a premium sliding scale based on the New York selling price. In 1912 the sliding scale was abol- shed and an outright increase of 10 per cent was granted. In 1916 the miners fought for an eight-hour day and got it, with nine hours’ pay pius 3 per cent increase. In April, 1917, they got a 33 per cent increase in wages, to be advanced in November of the same year to an average increase of 75 per cent over 1916 wages. A year later they were given another substantial increase, bringing their compensation up to about double the 1916 scale. They locked horns again in 1920 and emerged from the conflict with a 17 per cent increase. And in 1923, as every one knows, they were award- ed another boost of 10 per cent. Thirteenth on the List. Now comes the deadlock of 1925— thirteenth on the list within the first quarter of the twentieth century. Since the day before the Roosevelt |award anthracite wages have more than trebled. So long as the miners retain their organization in the an- thracite fields—and it was never more robust or flourishing than now—there will be no wage reduction. The present fight is mainly for a ‘wage increase and the inauguration of a system whereby the operators, on their pay rolls, will collect for the union each member's monthly dues. While the miners may not get their demand in full, nobody on the union’s rolls believes that they will fail to get_something. Failure hasn’t been written on the, union’s record and the feeling in the field is 100 per cent certain that it won't be written there now. (Copyright. 1925.) Got to Get Busy. From the Columbus Dispatch. ~ Since Dr. Eliot insists that there will be work to do in heaven, we've got to get busy and save the souls of a few efficiency. What 1s the | l urged The French Note By Frank H. Simonds. The announcement from London that the British and French foreign ministers had reached complete ac- cord over the text of the answer the French government is to make to the recent German note on the guarantee pact clears the way for a new inter- national conference between Germany, Britain and France to discuss the terms of a settlement of conditions of permanent peace between France and Germany. The fact that the American Ambassador in London, Mr. Hougliton, has met the French and British ministers also suggests that he may have a role to play in the latter meeting. . The situation at the moment is simply stated. Germany in February proposed a guarantee pact, France in July replied with certain conditions embodying her own view of what the pact should be. Germany still more recently answered the French note in- dicating her reservations. All notes, howéver, whether German or French, indicated a keen desire to continue the discussion, and a similar British desire has been emphatically voiced. The main points of difference be- tween the French and the Germans turn upon circumstances which are outside the western field. Irance asks that while Germany refrains from guaranteeing eastern as well as western frontier she shall make her accompanying pledge, not to seek by force to change eastern frontiers, ef- fective. To make it effective, Ger- many is asked not alone to negotiate arbitration treaties with Poland and Czechslovakia but also to consent that France shall guarantee them Both Ally and Judge. Germany points out cogently that this would make of France at one time the ally of the eastern Slav states and the judge of the performance of Ger- many. She would thus be able to de- clare that Germany has violated her treaties, and having declared this would be free to move her troops over German soll, that is, to invade Ger- many without doing violence to the western pact, which Britain guaran- tees. What Germany would like would be a situation established in treaty law by which France, having her own frontiers guaranteed, would be unable to intervene in Germany, no matter what Germany did to the French allies in the east. But Great Britain has conceded to France that she recog- nizes the justice of the French con- tention that no pact should deprive France of the right to defend her allies if they were wantenly attacked The question then is to find a way to glve Germany protection any French intervention not justified by German action and to give France a way of establishing her right to act if German action justifies interven- n. The solution lies obviously in vesting in the League @f Nations, in some fashion, the power and duty to decide whether any eastern crisis warrants French intervention or not. Germany, were such an agreement made, would gain protection against any separate French intervention made without British consent, like the Ruhr, because before France could act the league would have to pro- nounce Germany guilty of aggression. Then French action would be justified under the covenant of the leag self. France, on the other would retain the right to aid b if they were attacked wantonly. both nations precipitate violence becau lence would quite obviously prejudice their case with the league judges. Both Would Be Benefited. >atently this solution would not give Germany an absolutely free hand in the east in return for concessions in the west, that is in return for recognizing as permanent her loss of Alsace-Lorraine. France might and will complain that such an arrange. | ment might delay fatally her move to | assist_her allies. But the differences | are, after all, rather ademic by con- {trast with the f: that by angement France would gain | real British guarantee of her integrity, j whife Germany would obtain protec {tion against any French coercion or | invasion which her own actions did | not undeniably invite. { Any such solution however, make it necessary rr to join the league, if for no other reason than to defend herself before the league if her actions were called into question. That is the explanation of the public statment of Freiherr von Maltzan, the German made at Williamstown the other day, that Germany would sod be in the {league. True, Germany is still hold- !ing out for special concessions which | would excuse her from action and | close her territories to the troops of | other nations acting if Russia attacked Poland. But this is hardly prove an insurmountable the end. To Confer as An Equal. uld, bstacle in Germany will doubtless soon go to another conference, where she will be freceived as an equal, and the treaty which is negotiated, if one made, will in every sense be the free will agreement of Germany. It will, in word, signalize the end of the era in which Germany appears as a con- quered foe, as a prisoner under sen- tence and awaiting sentence. More- over, when Germany enters the league {it will be with an assured place on {the council awaiting her. Behind these, circumstances, too, lies the tacit understanding that the completion of the pact will open the way to new German loans in America and Britain. We are likely to see the pact and the German entrance into the league because no one of the nations directly interested and no one of the cabinets represented can afford to bear the re- sponsibility for failure. The value of the pact in the distant future may be debated, but its immediate usefulnes: as a_contribution to stabilization can- not be exaggerated. Assuming that the pact will arrive, what is of more is | 5 i a to whether Germany will be ready to join the league at the September ses- sion, which is now close at hand. Otherwise, unless some new way is devised, her entrance would have to await next year's meeting. This is unlikely, as Baron von Maltzan sug- gested. . Therefore, interesting develop- ments at Geneva are almost certain. (Copyright. 1925.) ———— Muzzling the Hot Dog. Medical men have discovered a painless way of removing the baik of the velping dog. Now the State De- partment of Health comes forward with a ukase regarding the “hot dog,” not to remove its bark, but to make its bite less of a menace to public health. 3 The “hot dog” has become a na- tional dish in these days of quick lunches, picnics, base ball double- headers, automobile tourists and roadside encampment. The “hot dog," according to the State health offi- cials, is_all right in itself but its kennel should be an ice box and its bench for exhibition purposes should be sanitary, screened, sweet-smelling and wholesome. That does not sound like an arbi- trary requirement and yet the condl- tions are seldom complied with in the cheaper restaurants and in the “hand-out” shacks that disfigure some of the main lines of automobile traffic. It is obviously impossible for the 'State health officials to inspect these “mushroom” stands and the co- operation of the local health officers of towns, villages and counties is in the interests of public Spokesman-Review. 1 against | such an | Ambassador, | likely to | importanee now is the speculation as | Q. At what rate are Americ: traveling abroad ?—W. R. T. A. Passports are numbered from the advent of each new Secretary of State. Since Secretary Kellogg wa worn in in March the number of passports issued has been about 110,000. | ans | Q. Were the Olympic games ever held in the United States?—G-. A. In 1904 the games were held in St. Louis. Q. What will restore the sheen to white gold ring settings?—W. A. H. A. Having them buffed at a jew- eler’s will brighten them. Q. Was the Leviathan in dry dock for reconditioning in the Canal Zone? Y. he was reconditioned at New- News, Va.—not in the Canal —C. A port Zone. Q. What is the difference between a lobby and a bloe?—O. C A. In a political sense, a bloc is a group of legislators organized to influence legislation, while a lobby is, specifically, persons not mempers of a legislative body who try to influ- ence legislation. Q. How many miles of roads did ancient Rome build ?—M. 8 A. It is estimated that there were Q. In writing to the head of a col- lege, should his academic degrees be designated on the envelope?—V. C. J A. It is not usual nor necessary affix them to his name on an envelope Q. What 1s a point of the —C.D. H Al It s one of the rhumbs of th angle between two adjacent divisions equal 11% degrees divisions or Q. What do Rocky Mountain goats feed upon?—T. M. B. A. Their food seems to be mainly the short, almost lichenlike moss found at the elevation where they live They inhabit the Rocky Mountains and the Cascade Ranges in latitudes be- tween 44 degrees and 65 degrees at heights between the forest line and snow lines. | Q. When was “Let Me Call You | Sweetheart,” published?—T. C. It was coyprighted in 1915 by Harold Rossite Q. Where is the Kaibab National Forest’—H. A A. It s in Arizona. Q. ¥ do so n glasses B. Germans suffer from or refraction and accomodation. opia along with heterophoria | heterotropia_are the chief ocular | fections of Germany, and it is claimed to be due to the fact that Germ children are sent to school early and required to study more strenuously |than the children of other countries. | ; W ny Germans wear anomalies My- about 50,000 miles in the entire Roman | road system of main or military roads. | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ing current and direct current of elec- trieity is that while the latter is a continuous practically constant flow in one direct in a conductor, the former is a flow first in one direc- tion and then in the opposite direc- tion. This alternation usually is made to occur either 25 or 60 times per second. Q. Have different churches ever joined in maintaining a college’ or other educational institution?—T. N. AL A. The Intermountain Union Col lege, Helena, Mont., founded in 1889, is under the control of the Methodist and Presbyterian Churches. Q. What percentage of the corn crop is used directly for human con- sumption?—M. C. R. A. The Department of Agriculture estimates that 40 per cent .of the United States corn crop is fed' to swine, 20 per cent to farm horses, 15 per cent to cattle and 5 per cent to other live stock, while 10 to 13 per cent s used for human food. Q. Please tell me about the “Waving Lady” on the Savannah River—H. ¥ A. The secretary of the Savanpn: 3oard of Trade s: “Regarding t ‘Waving there has been noth ing to c ledge put down matter of torical record about her The ry is that some 40 years ago a young man to whom she was er gaged went away to sea, and upon his return they were to be married. She watched every boat returning up t Savannah River. He neve e back and she continued to wave and greet each boat in the hope he would be on one finally be e a her part med habit: on ne it ever he lives with house on is now, v vears old her in t annah River betwee Savannah d Tybee. was born in thi house, and her brother is the keeper of the lights along the river. been the for m years for the ts to her greeting b wing the Apparently the story about spread far and wide be sengers on bo: coming Savannah River eagerly flock to the rail to wave to the ‘Waving Girl’*” e the custom [ (“Finally, education alone can con- duct us to that enjoyment which is, at once, best in quality and infinite in | quantity.” Horace Mann, whose ef- | forts resulted in the establishment of | the first normal school in the United |8 knew the value of an educa | tion wken he made the above state- ment. Anything that will add to our fund of knowl s worth investi- gating. May therefore, call your attention to our Washington infor- mation burcau—a great educational organization which can be of material | assistance to you in your pursuit of | knowledge. It stands ready to answer |any questi f fact tha§ you may | ask. The bureau is supported by this | paper for of our readers | Send in your inquiries together with Q. What is the difference between alternating and direct electrical cu rent?—B. A. The difference between alternat BY PAUL ¥ Ameriea, The greatest industry in ested | which has millions of dollars in |and, is alw overcrowded, | down the wor hs of every vear. This is not due to seasonal de- mand, for in every city and every country community where it branches there is complaint bec of lack of fac d efficiency { operatic Its workers, from super | intendent down to the nde- | veloped tyro, recognize th: | not getting out of life the com | and opportunities which they shoul | because they are loafing half the tin | accerding to the reports of although in some of the la a select few are emp! nine months of the * This industry | tution known as the I | system. There is no manu | plant in America whose man would tie up millions of dollars | buildings and equipment, and | ized skilled operators, and then le | lie idle haif t . except in some great financial depression There is only one city in Ameri | Cheyvenne, Wyo., where the publi | schools are open more than 200 out of every 365 da Pittsburgh is the only city exceeding 100,000 in popt tion which has_its running 10 months, 20 ds a month Cities used to sympathize with th struggles of country communities to | maintain their school terms as 120 days a year, but in t few years the average country sc ! has lengthened its term to 16 while the city average has shrunken. It is only 49 weeks in New York and 43 weeks in Cleveland. Philadelphia has school 251 days, Boston 224 day Washington 178 days, Rhode Island schools average 195 days, New Jersey 189, South Carolina 111, Georgia 140 and Alabama 131 da An allyear school gives 50 weeks of 5 days each —230 days. Washington school officials point to the “Summer school” of six weeks which occupies part of the buildings part of the Summer. They closed great hools Ic | will be idle until the regular Fall term opens some time in September. As a simple problem of efficient management of vestment it argued by some “advanced’ educators that the school plant ought to be in operation all the r with no ces tion, since interest on the investment goes on day and night, Summer and Winter, and Washington is no ex ception to the Natlon-wide demand for more school buildings and more teachers. In answer to objections, other edu- cators argue that the children were not made for the schools, but the schools for the children. The question of paramount importance is not the economics of idle investment ever important that is—but it problem of what is most efficient in educating the youth without jeopard izing their physical condition and development. * ok ok ok For the last or 18 years the question of all-year schools in pl of the average six-month sessions has been a live one in educational circles. The discussion of policy is becoming more and more dive in con- nection with urgency for additional buildings, but, particularly, in connec- tion with liberal study as to how to better the system of education, which, to many, appears cramped by the necessity of “quantity production” of educated men and women, which al- lows too little elasticity to adjust facilities to individual requirements. It is not proposed that all pupils should attend school 12 months. a year, nor that teachers should work without vacations. It is the system, not the personnel, which would be continued the year through. The year would be divided into five terms of 10 weeks each. The regular classes would attend four terms, but the backward and the extra ambitious would have the privilese of attending the fifth term also, for the purpose of catching up in delinquencies, or fors- ing ahead so as to complete the eight- year-course in seven years, or the four-year high &chcol course in three years. Two years saved by ambitious work, in. M&*W to two about 10 days ago and the buildings | 2 cents in stamps to cover the return | postage. Address The Star Informa | tion Bureaw, Frederic J. Haskin, di- | rector, Tuwenty-rirst and C_ street northirest, Washington, D. C.) BACKGROUND OF EVENTS ’. COLLINS. ive business life that it does not 1 of the worker. ided to provided he | years ad efficiency always open 16 o propor great value, argue enat an sche his nce wi rs and d days of Midsumms say .that pleas hor some he school nter than and and 1 £ most pi i better off s turne undisciplined On the other sised by hygien » children finement 4 objection fsts ihat it is cruelty coop them up during days when hu u relaxes In answer, the proponents argue at it is not proposed to confine : 1d all the vear rounds—nay, more- Tn’ education does not con to the school desk, but in ture study out of doors, stud t ess metk and'. conditions 1dy of public institutions and rie that while the schc s would be occupied part of each for short s, there would be'less tax on reg: ulated playing upon the streets School playgrounds have demon strated, say the advocates of the all vear schools, that directed pla just as much fun for the children, and certainly of greater value in develoj ment of physical condition, than disciplined romping about the =t | or nt lots. Mental retardation alert, quick-learning, ambitious | dents is as detrimental as is crowding to the weak or the | student."It is that uniformity |system of “quantity production whereby all pupils must be pressed into one mold, that Is the bane of the | usual public school. With five ter open, while using the option of onl four of them, there is adaptab individual requirements. * ok ok % ma fine itsel ludes na f busi over. slow | The |and §: | supe term: | “These promotion | clearly before the school three t (1) That hundreds of children | eager to study in the Summer time. (2) that their minds and bodies | ceived no damage from such {@® that the time gained by {pupils in the Summer school meant a financial gain to the city because ¢ the fact that they would be able to finish their respective courses in shorter time “The logic of these Summer with promotion classe: ably to the all-year school all-year ot a th J. Wilmer intendent, wr school is a in Newark Kennedy. s of tbe condition were | { 1 in tion of the all-year i school provides for the completion of 1 the present course of study in the el } men school in six vears instead | eight * * In the Belmont Avenue |School the total time suved ! { the pupils who have graduated | that school while under the plan was ve making a tc 1,2011 vears gained by graduates pupils now in the school.” The same writer takes i Shakespeare. The poet pictured whining schoolboy with his and shining morning face, creeping like a snail unwillingly to school while the Newark advocate of the all vear school sees only that “the child likes to go to School, and the number | attending the all-year schools proves He denies that there has been detriment to health of the stu s or teachers, or that there has been any added expense since the | pupils complete their courses more speedily, not only on account of more school days in the vear, but because they have no handicap of forgetting, as during their previous long vaca- tions. Teachers may take shorter vaca- tions, and take the vacations spread over the whole year—teachers taking the vacations in rotation. They will have longer employment, with pro portionate increase of earnings. More teachers will find employment. 4Copyright, 1075, by Paul YCotitne) - with satche