Evening Star Newspaper, June 27, 1925, Page 6

6 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY.......June 27, 1925 ’i‘KEODO!E w. ivo!u. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company » Office: 110h se TR Ponmasivanta Ave, Chic: er B 3 Buropean Office: 10 Rewent St.. London, - England. b} E the Sunday morn- B St mih e S BT, ! red by <ity at'80 cents per month: dally only. 45 centa per month: Sundsy o l{; 2 . month Orders may be sent by mail or elenhane Main 5000, Callection 15 mads by carrier &t the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. . Daily vr. $8.40: 1 mo., ~0c Daily Sty Sunday. - 177 38.00: 1 mo. soe Sunday only . 175, 82.40; 1 mo.l 20 All Other States. Daily and Sunday...1yr. : Daily only . . Sunday only " Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press fs exclusively ent to (e ‘Use for repuniication of all news dis- ratehes credited o't or mot otnerwise crod, ted In (his paper and aiso fhe oo Ilished hereln. All righta of publication di herein ate ed et SaTANCheS Reren O The “Summer White House” Plan. Plans are under way, it is stated, for the purchase by a group of friends of President Coolidge of the large manston at Swampscott, Mass., which he is now occupying for the warm sea- son as a Summer home for the Chief Executive. It is also intimated that if the present effort to raise the neces- sary funds by subscription is not suc- cessful an appeal may be made to Con- Rress to pass an appropriation for this purpese. There is little likelihood that Con- sress, if asked to do so, will grant an eppropriation for the purchase of any specific place for a Summer ‘“White House.” Such efforts have been made in the past, without result. The rea. son for the unwillingness of the tional Legislature to make this pro- vision is that the personal wishes and tastes of the President are always to be considered, and that there is a strong chance that a Summer estab- lishment that will suit the incumbent of the period of the purchase or erec- tion will not please his successor. Washington is the Capital of the country. Here is located the official residence of the President. Here he must spend the greater part of the time while he serves. If he should elect to leave Washington during the warmer period of the yvear he is free to choose his situation, in the moun- tains, in the farming region or on the shore. To suit all possible tastes and likings it would be necessary for the Nation to provide three or four Sum- mer *“White House: There is no chance of such procedure. During the administration of Presi- dent Lincoln a building at the Sol- diers’ Home was used by the President for the Summer. Mr. Lincoln wished 10 remain as close as possible to the scene of Government activities, and chose this place as most suitable. Since his time other Presidents have gone hither and yon in their Summer rest-seeking. Some have toured the country. Some have established them- selves at the shore or in the hills. But all have kept in the closest touch with Washington. Mr. Coolidge’'s friends may buy the maneion at Swampscott and tender it to him for his own use, as a token of their high esteem. But if so, who will maintain it? This is a large question. To deed the property to the President personally would be to thrust upon him a weighty responsibility and a heavy financial burden, which he is not in @ situation to bear alone. It would be embarrassing to him, es- pecially if he were made the recipient of a rich gift with a sufficient pro- vision for the upkeep of the establish- ment. 3 Mr. Coolidge is an advocate of econ- omy in Government, and will probably not be favorable to any plan that as- suredly entails a heavy addition to the expenses of administration. ) Many United States citizens have zone abroad to study the economic conditions in Europe. The results of these studies have been consistently rveduced to the proposition that the U. 8. A. is conservatively prosperous, while Europe has gone broke. ——oe—e. v edge of the Air Service—though it is not proposed that all shall be pilots. As the science of aviation is more fully developed the military and naval Air Services must become increasing- ly important in any scheme of na- tional defense. The training of Army and Navy officers iri this science is of very great value. But the develop. ment of commercial aviation in this country is no less important when na- tional defense from the air is con- sidered. In fact, it is even more im- portant. War today is not a struggle merely between the regular military services of nations, augmented by vol- unteers. It is a struggle between na- tions, between peoples. With a vast army of commercial aviators and commercial aircraft at its command in time of war the United States would be in a strategic position so far as the air is concerned. ‘When Congress reassembles the question of increasing further the mili- tary air forces undoubtedly will be | brought to the fore aguin. Within rea- son, everything possible should be done to build up a strong and efficlent Air Service. But it would be folly to cut to the bone or to hamstring through lack of support the land branches of the Army, the Infantry, the Artillery, the Cavalry end the Coust Artillery. Man still has one foot on the ground. B S Somebody Is Guilty. An extraordinary trial came to a close yvesterday in Chicago with a ver- dict of acquittal for a man accused of murdering a youth by means of typhoid germs. The case attracted Nation-wide attention because of the unusual circumstances. It had no precedent in criminal jurisprudence in this country. The charge was that the | defendant had killed his ward in order to obtain possession of his estate. This in itself is not an exceptional ac- cusation. The means alleged to have been used, however, were without parallel. To prove this charge the State produced a witness who testified that the accused had gone to him, the head of a bacteriological institute, and sought information regarding the ad- ministration of deadly disease germs. This testimony was not supported. The defendant denled the charge, and also denied any acquaintance or con- tact with the chief witness. A young woman who claimed to have been the fiancee of the dead youth testified that the defendant had thwarted his ward’s purpose to marry her. The defense in this case was that a conspiracy had been formed by those pecuniarily interested in preventing the enjoyment of the estate of the dead boy. It alleged that nearly every witness for the prosecution was involved in this intrigue. Thus a motive was assigned to the testimony for the prosecution, as & motive was alleged for the killing of the youth, In a case of this kind, involving a criminal charge, especially one in which the punishment may be capital, the jury must under the law give to the defendant the benefit of doubt. The legal phrase is that the jury must be persuaded ‘‘beyond a reasonable doubt™ of gullt before voting “guilty.” This case was plainly one of conflict- ing testimony. Perjury was undoubt- edly committed on one side or the other. If the defendant is, as the jury has said, innocent of the charge the perjury on the part of the prosecuting witnesses was on a wholesale degree. If, on the other hand, the witnesses for the prosecution told the truth, then the defendant has escaped by dint of unshaken denfal of the facts. If this youth was done to death by his guardian for the sake of his for- tune a monstrous crime has been com- mitted for which no punishment will be inflicted. If, on the other hand, an innocent man was accused of this crime a wicked cabal is guilty of a crime quite as dastardly. The verdict of acquittal leaves the public puz- zled. Will it be accepted morally as final—it is final legally—and will it be construed «s a charge of crim- inal conspiracy against those who sought the life of the man who has Jjust been declared innocent? — e Parisian chorus girls have been ex- hibited with no clothing. The only further step that can be taken for the entertainment of a public demanding uncovered nature will be to have the poor girls flayed alive. China invented firecrackers and is beginning to regret that she ever tri- fled with more serious explosive ma- terial. ————— War in China is an object lesson in the seriousness which political graft continued through a few centuries may assume. [ S — Army Aviation Training. The War Department wisely has determined that all officers in com- bat branches of the Army shall have training in aviation. And with equal wisdom it has ordered that aviation, officers shall attend the Infantry, Cavalry, Field Artillery and Coast Artillery service schools. By carrying out this program it will be possible to approzimate “unity of command” in military action, where the Air Service and the other branches of the Army are involved. Proper unity of com- mand is essential in military opera- tlons. Its absence has been attended with serious consequences in all wars. With all the line officers of the Army trained to know the possibllities as well as the limitations of military aviation, and with the aviation officers having a knowledge of the problems of the land forces, it will be possible to use the Afr Service to the greatest advantage in battle. It is not con- templated by the War Department that all the line officers of the Army shall qualify as air pilots. There are certain physiological, as well as paychological, reasons why this would not prove feasible. But it is contem- plated that they shall have a real un- derstanding of how the air forces can be used to the best advantage for observation, for.attack end for de- fense. The order of the War Department recognizes anew the importance which the Alr Service has acquired in na- tional defense. Already orders have heen issued by the Secretary of the Navy establishing courses of aviation at the Neval Academy, so that gradu- ates of the academy shall have knowl- o As civilization advances, the compli cations of Arctic exploration become more intricate. A polar expedition is not complete without a radio an. nouncer. ———————__ An open sea around the North Pole will call for more “corroborative de- tail” in connection with previous Arc- tic explorations. ————— Praise for Robert La Follette is ex- pressed in generous effusion. It is easy to praise those who are no longer to be feared. ———————— Speedy Justice. Prompt indictment of the two per- sons who drove the motor car that killed & nun the other day in this city will be followed, it is stated, by equally prompt trial. Within three weeks these defendants may be arraigned and their trial may proceed. This is reassuring to those who have feared the usual delay in bringing to book the violators of the laws. But, how- ever expeditious this trial may be, and ‘whatever the results, the public is not fully guaranteed against delays in the future. Spasmodic promptness and expedi- tion have occurred from time to time in the past in cases where the crime was flagrant and shocking and the public indignation was greatly aroused. But after these judicial flare-ups there Lave been lapses, and the ordinary course has been pursued with long waits before and after indictments, protracted trials and multiple appeals, with frequently the passage of two years from the time of the commission of the crime to the infliction of pun- ishment, often, indeed, without any result. 1s this due to the congestion of the courts or to the incapacity or indif- ference of the prosecuting authori- tles? The situation is plain, a com- munity suffering from delayed justice with a constantly increasing redord of crime. Here, of all cities in the coun- try, there should be quick action. The ! q THE ‘EVENING BTAR, WASHINGTON, court should function promptly as an example to the country. The judges of the District courts are hard working and conscientious. They are doing their best to clear the calendars and to insure apoedy jus- tice, but they are handicapped by laws which permit delays in pleadings, in Jury selection and in appeals. They are required by the statutes to release on bond criminals of whose guilt there is no question. Such bonds can be ob- tained without the least difficulty and at small cost. From time to time they see cases brought into court with poor preparation, resulting in mis- tglals or verdicts of acquittal. They see essential witnesses lost to the prosecution through long delays. If the court is not large enough there should be more judges. The laws undoubtedly should be amended to in- sure quicker action, always, of course, consistent with justice to the accused, and a more vigorous prosecution. There should be a change in the law with reference to the bailing of ac- cused persons, to make it less easy for a violator of the statutes to go free for months after some outrageous crime. The public hope is that this present case will be a model procedure upon which future court action will be based, that hereafter justice will be as speedy. There is no reason why this should not be in the National Capital. The base ball public must have its heroes. It must have outstanding personalities to inspire its enthusiasm. The history of the game is full of in- stances of hero worship by the crowd, and it is the history of base ball he- roes as of all others that this adora- tion is fickle. It is a commonplace of the national game that a player is a hero today and a goat tomorrow. Yesterday, as on other occasions, the ‘Washington base ball public made a hero of “Goose” Goslin. Much was expected of him, but not too much. He delivered the goods that won the game when he made a homer in the seventh inning and scored three runs, enough for the final margin of victory in a game of great importance. By some strange psychological influence those who knew that he was at the bat at that moment felt sure that something was going to happen. Many of them exclaimed, as do the partisans in the home stands, “‘Come on, Goose!" and when Goose came on with his homer there was cheering even far away from the field of action. It is this partisanship that keeps the game going, this hero worship that maintains the interest at high ten- sion. Years ago Anson and Brouthers, Tinkér and Chance, Keeler and Kel- lev—these and scores of others were great heroes, such as Mathewson and Cy Young, Phil Baker and Sam Crane, who died only yesterday. The names on the tablets of base ball's hall of fame are numerous, indeed, and in their day these men were greeted with cheers and pleas for performances in offense or defense by crowds that were Just @ ardent, though not as numer- ous, as are those who beseech the Gos- lins of today to “Come on!" 5 e — The Prince of Wales is only 31 years of age. He is something of a prodigy, but at that, too old to be considered in the wide-reaching enterprise of the films as a competitor of Jackie Coo- gan. ———— ‘Whatever may happen in this Ten- nessee trial Mr. Darrow may reason- ably hope to save the monkey from capital punishment without the as. sistance of alienists. —_— e When it comes Henry Ford's turn to be nominated for the Hall of Fame he | may be referred to as the father of the parking problem. — - Modern invention introduces the radio announcer as a figure of impor- tance along with the commander of the expedition. C ————————— It was the devout opinion of Charles Darwin that the process of evolution was among the earthly things created by Divine Omnipotence. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. John Barleycorn. John Barleycorn, John Barleycorn! You used to be a bum. But now you leave us all torlorn For you are going some. You used to doze in idleness And quaff the drowsy cup; But now while scattering wild distress, You shoot the neighbors up! John Barleycorn, John Barleycorn! You used to skulk in shame, But now you laugh the laws to scorn And play the outlaw's game. Considering the Future. “‘Are you a wet or a dry?” “A dry,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “But what are my backers go- ing to do if the bootleggers pile up so much wealth as to secure a pre- ponderance of political influence?"” Attire. I am not sure, I must confess, It her high-priced, polite gown Is what you'd really call a dress, Or only just a nightgown. Jud Tunkins says extremes are al- ways meeting. The North Pole is en- tirely surroundesd by snow and print- ers’ ink. The Persistent Bathing Suit. \ “Do you think bathing suits will eventually be dispensed with?" “‘Certainly not,” said Miss Cayenne. “There must be some rrotection against sunburn.” Domesticity. Said Darby to Joan, “We may well trudge along And fare this short life with a sigh or a song, For neither of us has a press agent paid To show any profit in home disar- rayed.” “Dar ain’t no wuss enemy,” said Uncle Eben, “dan a friend dat has decided to change his mind.” ¢ \ SATURDAY, ( D. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Sitting on the back porch, watching the stars come out, we seem related to all that exists, and all, somehow, related to us. Thus we are no longer strangers in the world, but truly own- ers of our own homes. Have you never had times when every one and everything seemed turned against you, when street crowds went their way utterly ob- livious of your presece, when even the dogs passed you by without so much as a glance? In such moods it is good to go out on the back porch at twilight and there, among your own folks, enter into the mood of relationship with the ‘world, which is as much yours as the ‘Wealthiest's. As much ours, of course, if we will try to secure it; for this, like most things in the world, comes the bet- ter for a little effort on our part. It i8 in no sense work, however, but rather a determination. Determinations, with some people, are the hardest kind of work. Hell, it is said, is paved with good inten- tions. But almost any one can muster up enough physical energy to sit in a chalr on the back porch and enough spiritual ability to commune with the planets after a fashion. Having arrived thus far there is nothing more to be done but to take it easy and watch the stars come out, each in its appointed place, without fume or fret, without jar or motion, as far as we can tell. Up there in the heavens they go about their mysterious ways, as in- different to our presence as if we did not exist at all millions upon millions of miles down there, on a continent, in a country, in a city, on a back porch! * ok % ok There are earthly stars to be watched from the back porch, too. They are the lights in the windows of the homes across the way. Each one of those lights represents a home! Each light stands for what back porch stands for. work, achievement, duty, honor, de- cency, life, love and deith. There may be jov behind vonder light and sorrow beyond that one, but from our porch each shines the sume. Yes, the light shines the same from the home of joy and the home of sor- row, from the room where little chil- dren play (and sometimes bang each other over the heads) and from the room where there is a bed of pain. We, sitting on our porch, are as in- different as the stars above. We do not know, any more than they do, what lles behind the windows. The light of the stars shines down upon man, and the light from the windows gleams across the way. Bright mundane stars of windows, 1 see you the world around! On every street and in every alley, in every city and in every town, you come out each evening, and vou go out between $ o’clock and midnight. Here, on this street, you gleam up, one by one, in the windows of a great apartment building. Each light repre- sents a family, but we must pass on. Every man’s home is his castle, wheth- er it be in apartment or separate building. your It represents * ok ¥ % The fading light gives strange ws- pects to the growing Gladioli down by the path. They seem to wave like {swords that have suddenly lost their temper, steel turned satin. A form with a short ladder over his shoulder scurries down the alley. It is the Lamplighter, whom the dogs single out from ail who pass this way as their sworn, special Is America becoming unpopular with allens who have come to its shores possibly with exaggerated hopes of prosperity? Our immigration account is beginning to require red-ink entries on the credit side of the ledger, for more allens are now leaving us and returning to “distracted, impoverished, belligerant Europe” than are now crowding to our ports. An anomaly! A paradox! There is employment here for everybody and the compensation is far higher than it is anywhere else in the world. Yet more aliens are leaving us than are arriving, although all quotas are filled and every country has long waiting lists of emigrants eager to leave for that mystic land of untold prosperity. R e Assistant Secretary of Labor Mr. Hikbands explains that formerly there was a large transient class of immigrants who came to America when times were hard in their own countries, but as soon as a slump would come here they would return home. About one-third of the immi- grants admitted never intended to make this country their permanent home; they could cross the ocean in steerage at a cost of about $35, and it was cheaper for an alien who was for a few months than to remain in America, with American costs of living. In those days it was easy to return and be admitted into America. Conditions are very different today with the immigsation restriction laws, permitting « quota for each country amounting to only 2 per cent each vear of the number of that nationality already here. The result is inevitabie that not only is8”the number admitted cut down, but there will be fewer de- partures in the future when fmml- grants realize how much more difficult it will be to return here if they leave. | Consequently the present excess of de- partures over arrivals is only tem- porary and is not indicative of any general complaint of our alien resi- dents against American experiences. * k X X The ultimate effect of this curtalling of the restless class, flitting back and forth across the ocean, will be a loss to the steamship traffic, but, according to labor interests, it will tend to sta- bilize the employment situation. It will also tend to enhance appreciation jof American rights, privileges and duties, when the stranger within our gates finds it more difficult to gain this access to American opportunity. The present quota law has been in effect only since last July 1, reducing the quotas from 3 to 2 per cent. In the 10 months only 242,965 immi- entire world; the year before we had recelved 637,602 in the 'same period. Of the 242,965 there were only 120,607 from Europe; 3,066 from the Near and Far East; 338 from Egypt and other parts of Africa; 348 from Pacific Is- lands, including Australia, and 118,706 from North and Central and South America. The countries sending us the most were: Canada, 87,753; Mexico, 25,077; Germany, 36,518; Great Britain, 23,650; Irish Free State, 20,500. The South’ European countries have such small quotas that their immigration continues comparatively unimportant. Italy sends only 4,52i; Greece, 602: Turkey in Europe, 201; Switzerland, 1,664. * ok x * The _immigration commissioner states that there is a general misun- derstanding as to the character or trades of the returning immigrants. He points out that most of the immi- grants are of the peasant class, and when they arrive and are recorded, they appear as ‘‘farmers” or farm laborers; but they do not necessarily remain farmers in this country. Many have come here mainly to escape from farming. They go into industrial em- out of employment to return homedavoidable. enemy. His advent in our alley is heralded by the tremendous barking of the smallest dog. ‘Woof! Woof! Woof! The little dog falrly foams at the Lamplighter as that worthy goes by, then races back to a hole in the fence, between yards, pops through, and sgain races to the outer fence, to yawp indignantly and impotently at the municipal employe. Other dogs along the alley join the clamor, until the neighborhood sounds as if a kennel show were in progress. Just what it is about the Lamplighter that stires the universal ire of the dog tribe we have never determined. He seems to be a mild, inoffensive sort of fellow, always in a great hurry, as if afraid that darkness will “catch him at turning on gas lamps. (Perhaps the real reason for his hurry is that he is afrald some District inspector will find that he has not turned them on!) The dogs hate him cordially. They fairly gnash their teeth as he passes with that stubby ladder thrown over his right shoulder. Maybe they would bark so at any man hur- rying along in the dusk. We would get down from the porch and try it ourselves, with a big bucket, if we were not too lazy. The tranquillity of the evening, however, is beginning to We do not want to move any more than the North Star seems to, off there in distances that are but a name to us. Some few clouds obscure some few stars, but we do not fear rain. It has forgotten how to rain. The mysterious, ambiguous. It has lost the knack of precipitating water from the clouds. It does not know how to rain, and consequently can- not do it. EREL v It may be seen that we are not ex ponents of the always up-and-dc theory of life. We belfeve that Life short as it is. is yet long enough for us to sit on the back porch and do nothing when we want to. We never enjoyed that lugubrious hymn, “Work for the Night Is Com ing, When Man Shall Work No More, despite its promise of the last line. On the back porch we reword it as fol- low: ““Rest, for the Time is ‘When We Must Go to Bed.” Out upon the foolishness that has no time for the amenities of life, that would reduce everything to hurrying around constantly, from this place to that place, as if we were all Lamp- lighters, and were afraid some Inspec- tor would catch us with our lamps unlighted! Wise men do not do so. They find time, in the midst of great businesses, to play golf and take plenty of good old vacation and attend theaters and pageants, both those of Nature and man, and to enjoy life as they go along. They know, and we should, that Life is not a mere coal mine, in which we are chained to our particular little 'y know, and we should, that Life is mostly above ground, that it is, to some extent, at least, what we make it. So we offer no apologies to any one, not even to an Efficiency Expert (whatever he is) for sitting on the back porch, in the cool of the evening. idling’ away our time looking at the stars, the lighted windows, the Lamp. lighter, the dogs and the Lightning Bugs. What, it is time to go to bed! Well. all right—but are you sure you locked the front windows? Coming, BACKGROUND OF EVENTS . BY PAUL V. COLLINS. they depart, they are then recorded, not as farmers, but according to their trades fn America. The result is mis- leading, in that it indicates a greater influx of farmers than fs correct and @ lesser outgo of those immigrant farmers. The assumption then that European farmers are here to stay as farmers, is erroneous, for they may never have been farmers in America. * ok ok % The new law seems to be working to the satisfaction of the Immigration Bureau, and it is contradicted that there will be radical changes urged by Secretary Davis of the Department of Labor in the next session of Con- gress. It has long been the Secre- tary’s hope to establish means of checking the proposed immigrants before they leave their own countries, thereby saving the undesirables the tragedy of,a fruitless voyage only to be turned back at the portals of the forbidden country. The tragedies which under the old laws separated many husbands and wives or parents and children at our ports because the quota was exhaust- ed and only part of a family could be admitted are not so common under the present law. Some pathetic inci- dents, however, seem still to be un- Preference is given at all ports of departure to relatives of alien citizens already in America, so as to encourage the reunions of families. ‘Wives of American citizens are ad- mitted without reference to the quotas. A few days ago, however, a hus- band and wife were separated in New York and the wife, aged 60 vears, was retutned to Europe, while her hus- band, of the same threescore years, was admitted. The separation will doubtless be for life. It was found that the woman was afficted with a disease classed as contagious, and the law made it mandatory to debar her from admission. The husband could not be debarred, for he had a proper visa, and although officials urged that he, too, go back, he stood on his legal rights ‘and insisted upon entry. The mother returned alone to rejoin their two daughters, who have been wait- ing two years at a European port seeking visas. * % ¥ ¥ ‘While it is not likely that the De- partment of Labor will propose great changes in the law at next session of Congress, other interests are not so quiescent. Secretary Davis has fa- vored specfal elasticity in admitting farmers, but, as pointed out above, the fact that a peasant was a farmer in the old country gives no assurance grants have been admitted from the :that he will be one here, hence the clause proposed would have to be safe- guarded against imposition. Aliens may be required to register in their home countries before getting visas, so that they may be traced to their origins, in case of dispute as to their nationalities. After 1927 the to- tal number to be admitted annually will be restricted under provisions of the present law to 150,000. The net immigration last vear was only a lit- tle above that limit, for, with a total incoming of 242,965, there were 78,578 departures. The previous year gave us 637,602 alien arrivais. In the 10 months since last July 1 there came in 2 total of non-quota immigrants (not chargeable to the quota), 253,635. This class includes the families of American citizens, residents of Canada and other countries of the Western Hemisphere, ministers of churches and professors of colleges with their families and stu- dents. (Copyright, 1920, by Paul V. Colnns.) ————twe Bryan and Gravitation. From the Baltimore Sun. Mr, Bryan, doubtless, would be even be ours. JUNE 27, -1925. THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover. In a graceful preface to her novel, “The Mother's Recompense, Edith Wharton apologizes “to the decorous shade of Grace Aguilar, loved of our grandmothers, for de- liberately appropriating and apply- ing to uses so different the title of one of the most admired of her tales.” Different, indeed, is the ver: modern mother of Mrs. Wharton's novel from the plous, old-fashioned mother of Grace Aguilar’s, and equally different are their recompenses. Kate Clephane, created by Mrs. Wharton, is the sort of woman who is born to revolt and misfortune. Her as- sured position in the conservative circles of New York soclety of the 90s she finds boresome and, finally, unendurable. Voluntarily she be- comes an outcast and begins a life of wandering about European re- sorts. When the story opens she is vawning in the morning sunlight on the Riviera at a place where, after many seasons, she has succeeded in making for herself a small niche. She has her dressmaker and milliner, who appreciate her small trade and try to please her; she has her old lady friends, who take her to drive in return for a sympathetic ear lent to their complaints about life; she is continually invited for bridge, tea and dinners by the cosmopolitan floaters who pass Winters on the Ri- viera: she is a welcome helper in the charitable activities of the Amer- ican church, its rectory and its La- dies’ Guild. She is fairly contented with her life, except when she thinks of certain disturbing events in her past. She becomes restless and un- happy when she thinks of her daugh- ter Anne, now 21, whom she left as a baby of 3; of her former lover, Chris Fenno, much. younger than herself, who left her because he was tired of her. * % % % Then, unexpectedly, Anne comes back into her life; and a little later, hockingly, Chris comes back. She 1is suddenly transplanted from her monotonous, empty Rivieria life back to New York, but a post-war New York which she does not know. She is given to understand that every one has forgotten her past, does not in fact wish to be reminded of it. She may begin life over again, as her daughter's mother, and she asks nothing better than this. Fate seems kind to her at last. She loves Anne deeply and Anne is becoming devoted to her. Her old friend, Fred Land- ers, Anne's nominal guardian, re- news his admiratior and friendship of 25 vears ago. Both the older and the new soclety accept her. Then Fate plays her a mean trick by bringing Chris Fengo on the scene. A very complicated situation arises, which Mrs. Wharton handles with her usual subtlety. i * The World War “to end war” will not have that desirable promised re- sult, according to John S. Ewart, . €., who has written a book. * Roots and Causes of the War, which he predicts further war before long. He classifies as “roots” the predisposing causes, or as some of us learned to call them in college days, remote causes. The immediate causes he calls “precipitating” causes. The chief predisposing causes, or roots, are represented by inherent antipathies of race or reli- gion, long pursued policies of im- perialism, hostile nternational activ- ities of long standing, such as the Balkan wars. Mr. Ewart examines separately the case of each belliger- {ent, as regards its causes for enter- ing the war. He examines minutely all the old documentary evidence of the immediate period of the war and 1so much evidence dating back many years. He finds many pieces of evi- dence contradictory and {rreconcila- ble, as many other historians have found them. He uncovers sordid mo- tives on the part of all the com- batants, including the United States, which entered the war, he says, in defense of American lives and prop- erty against the operations of Ger- man submarines, and not from al- trulstic motives. Mr. Ewart does not fully discuss the peace settlement, but he does conclude that all signs point to more war as a result of the last one. So many of the countries are not satisfled, including Germany, Q. Has base ball always been a nine-inning game?—C. M. A. At first it was a game of points. the victory going to the side first scoring 21 counts or aces. An equal number of “hands” were necessary, however. These rules were adopted in 1846, In 1857 the rules were changed, providing for a nine-inning game, but allowing a victory to the club leading at the end of five innings. Q. What does “Tacoma” T. W. A. Tt is an Indian word and means “the highest” or “near heaven.” mean Q. How many kinds of airplanes are used in the Army and Navy’— . HL A. In the Navy there are nine types, designated by different letters. In the Army there are 23. Q. Are there wild boars country?—G. D. A. The National Zoological Park | says that there are no native wild boars in either the United States or Canada living in the wild state. How- ever, specigens of these animals were brought to'this country and placed in a game preserve in New Hampshire for exhibition purposes. From Texas southward there is found a type of wild swine. in this Q. Is the north star exzctly at the North Pole?—E. H. { A. The north star, or Polaris, is not exactly at the north pole of the heavens, and consequently travels around it in a small circle. While this motion is not perceptible to the un- aided eve, it can be readily noticed by observing it through the telescope of an engineer's transit. Q. Has a bat eyes?—T. J. A. A. The brain and nervous system of bats are comparatively low in organi- | zation, but their sensory faculties are remarkably developed in adaptation tc their crepuscular and nocturnal habits. | “As blind as a bat” is a mistaken | simile. All have efficlent eyes, those of the Oriental fruit-eating sorts being | of a size natural to their foxlike | countenances. In our more familiar in- sect-eating_species they are likely to | be small, beadiike and nearly hidden in the very soft fur with which these | animals are clothed, and old English and German names, “flitting mice,’ were not bad ones. sort hotel in the United States?—C. A. A. The Traymore at Atlantic City is said to be the largest. Q. How many men have been poets. laureate of England?—P. S. A. There have heen poets- laureate of England. Their names are as follows in chronological order: Geof- frey Cheucer, John Kay, Andrew Ber- nard, John Skelten, Edmund Spenser, Samuel Daniel, Ben Jonson, Sir Wil- liam Davenant, John Dryden, Thomas Shadwell, Nahum Tate, Nicholas Rowe, Laurence Eusden, Colly Cibber, Willlam Whitehead, Rev. Thomas Wharton, Henry Pye, Robert Southey, William Wordsworth, Alfred Tenny- son, Alfred Austin and Robert Bridges, Wwho s the present poet-laureate. Q. What is gumbo file?—W. T. G. A. It is a powder made by drving sassafras and bay leaves, then grind- ing them. Q. Where does Moira O'Neil, poet, live?—D. D. A. She lives in County Wexford, Ire- land. the Q. When was the Welland Ship Ca- nal started?—N. B. A. Construction was commenced in tal cost, over $5,000,000 had been used up to March, 1925 Q. Please give erigin of the Macca- bees. Is it non-ssetarian?—R. A. The Maccah@@s was originated in London, Ontario, in 1878, by members of the Order of Foresters to provide life, accident, sick and disability fra- ternal insurance. It was reorganized along more permanent lines in 1881 in Buffalo and chartered in that year in Michigan as Knights of the Maccabees. ‘The order is non-sectarian. Q. In what way are rabbit skins, that are sold in great quantities in Austria, Hungary, Russia, Bulgaria, Turkey and Jugoslavia, that revolt and wartare are almost certain in the near future. He is not hopeful that the golden rule will become the rule of the world for a long time to come. * * ¥ X In the southwest of England, close to Devonshire, is Thomas Hardy's County of Dorset, the Wessex of his novels and tales. In “The Wessex of Romance” Wilkinson Sherren de- scribes this rich farming country, which still retains many of its old- time customs and superstitions, and identifies the chief places with those storles. Dorchester, where Hardy now lives, at Max Gate on the Wareham road, is the Caster- bridge of the novels. ‘“Dorchester,” says the author, “is the Mecca of the countryside, and_thither generations of rural pilgrims have flocked for busi- ness and pleasure on market days, when South street g lined with car. riers’ vans, and the complaints of driven antmals make the borough sound like a farmyard . . . To a certain extent Dorchester counts only one day [to its week—market day— when thd whole town s thrilled and energized in its efforts to supply the necessities-of the country folks. But even the importance of a market day pales before the tremendous import of Martinmas hiring fair, when the labor- ers go in search of masters for the ensuing year.” It was at one of these fairs that Gabriel Oak sought engage- ment as a shepherd in “Far from the Madding Crowd.” Practically all the scene of “The Mayor of Casterbridge” is 1aid here in Dorchester. Between Dorchester arid Wareham les Egdon Heath, of “The Return of the Native.” The peninsula of Portland, about 10 miles from Dorchester, is the scene of ‘The Well Beloved.” Wareham is the Anglebury of “The Return of the Na- tive” and “The Hand of Ethelberta.” Melbury St. Osborne and Sherborne are the Little Hintock and Sherton Abbas of “The Woodlanders.” In all this interesting country the real and the fictional continually rival each other. * ok ok ok Poems of scathing satire are those of Cale Young Rice in his new vol- ume, “Bitter Brew.” He feels deep disgust at human hypocrisy, selfish- ness and shiftiness which he finds everywhere. In the poem “The New ‘Wise Men" he derides the destructive- ness of the Russian Communists toward ral‘lfm!. In the three ‘‘Death Portraits” he shows the futility and frony of individual lives. The poem “In a Psychopathic Ward” suggests Pirandello’s play, “Right You Are, If You Think So,” in its theme, that the border line between sanity and mad- ness is too shadowy to be certainly identified. Not all of the verses in the volume are of equally ‘bitter brew’; some are lighter in subject watter and treatment. * % k% William Allen White, the author of “Woodrow Wilson; The Man, His Times and His Task,” recently pub- lished, writes to his publisher: “I have always admired Woodrow Wil- son, and never voted for him. I have supported his policies, but not his poli- tics. I felt that in urging a nego- tiated peace, he was trying to_insti- tute a peace without rancor. I was for the League of Nations, and I re- sented, and rather bitterly, Wilson's own uncompromising attitude which defeated the League of Nations. It was in that frame of mind, a frame ployment and often become ‘“skilled more eloquent in a denunciation of|of mind of a benevolent enemy, that I laborers.” The result is that in case the theory of gravitatios. ‘wrote the Wilson book.” this country, utilized?>—H. P. L. A. The fur from thousands of tons of dried rabbit skins is annually manu- factured into felt hats. Muskrat, nu- tria or beaver clippings are used for the finer grades of hats, but of the felt hats in common use the vast ma- Jority are composed of rabbit fur that | which manufactures its own el 1913. Of the $100,000,000 estimated to- | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. prove its felting qualities. 'The prepa ration of fur for hatters’ use is a business in itself. Entire factories are exclusively devoted to it, and in the processes no part of the skin is wasted; the fur goes to hat factories, while the skins, reduced to shreds b: the fur-clipping process, are made ini. glue, and the overhalr and waste ur derfur are disposed of to the manufa: turers of fertiliz Q. How are the press galleries the Capitol managed?—F. A. D: A. Press galleries of the House of Representatives and the Senate wre under the control of a standing com mittee of correspondents, subject 1o the approval and supervision of the Speaker of the House and the Senats committee on rul Q. Please give the derivation “good-bye.”—A. C. R. A. Good-bye is a “God be with you.” It was Yormerlx the custom for meonarchs to bles; their subjects from their thrones and R. Thrale in 1629 writes a passage addressed to absolute kings and puis sant sovereigns: “You never seat vour sel upon these thrones of mag nificence but as it were to take leavy of the assembly, continuing still ta give your last God-b'w'ves, like a mar who is upon the point to depart.” Q. Is there an electric street cis tric contraction of ity as it moves along?—W. P. A. The American Institute of Elec trical Engineers says that it under. stands cars of this type are being put in operation. These cars are equip ped with gasoline-driven generators and electric motors for operation in districts in which the traffic does not warrant the installation of powe: plants and transmission lines. Q. What proportion of the women of ‘the country actyally cast thei votes?—E. M. A. Tt is estimated that not man: | over 10 per cent of the women of the United States avail themselves of the privilege of voting. The approximat« number of potential woman voters 26,000,000. Q. Are bluebirds found in Enzland A P, A. They are not found These birds are from 6 to 7 in length, having upper parts there inches of Q. What is the largest Summer re- | bright blue and under parts of dark brown fading to white on the belly Q. Who sets the dates for playing oft games in the major leagues? 13 W. R A. The president of the National League sets the date for playing off postponed games in the Nationsl League, and the American League follows the automatic rule. Q. When will the Government the cash bonuses’—A. C. A. Cash payment of the adjusted compensation began March 1, 1 pay Q. What is the story that caused Samuel Clemens to adopt the name “Mark Twain"’—H. D. A. In “Life on the Mississippi” is the story of a cocky young pilot whom the crew of the boat made the butt of a practical joke. While navigating one of the deepest places on the river they gave false soundings. He was finally frightened into ordering the engineer to back the ship. The leads man’s cry, “Mark three, quarter-leas three, haif twain, quarter twain, mark twain,” suggested the name. Q. What is meant by full-fashioned hose?—C. D. A. Full-fashioned stockings are those knitted on flat or straight knit ting machines and stitched up back. Other stockings are knitted in tubular form on circular machines. Q. What is the value of proprietars medicines exported?—I. N. M. A. The Department of Commerce savs that in 1920 it was $21,215.000; in 1921, $12,724,000. England, Canada Mexico and Cuba were the countrie receiving the largest shipments o proprietary medicines from this country. (What do yow meed to knows® Is there some point about your busincss or personal life that puzzles you? Is there something you want to knouw without delay? Submit your question to Frederic J. Haskin, director of on Washington information bureau. Hr is employed to help you. Addr your inquiry to The Star Informat: Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin. dircctor. Twenty-first and ' streets northices and inclose 2 cents in stamps for re- has been chemically treated to im- Americans Aga As to Policies in Mexico Opinions as to Secretary of State Kellogg's Mexican policy range from unqualified indorsement to undis- gulsed condemnation. His firm warn- ing to President Calles is called de- structive of good will in Latin Amer- ica by the critics, while the Secre- tary's supporters praise his courage. Among the latter is the St. Paul ioneer Press, which holds that “his thinly veiled threat of a break in the present unsatisfactory diplomatic re- lations between the two countries goes not a step too far.” The paper f Mexico does not like Kellogg's warning, the . She can fulfill her The Wichita Beacon sees the message as an “‘expression in plain terms that the citizens of this country in #exico are entitled to de- cent treatment. England requires this and gets it as a general thing. The weak policy of the United States in Mexico has singled us out for {ll treat- ment.” ‘What it calls a ‘“‘straightforward, plain-speaking, common-sense djiplo- macy that stands for something” is welcomed by the Birmingham News. “The issuance of the Kellogg state- ment may sound hard-bofled,” states the News, “and it may give the old- time diplomats the shivers, but it is quite in line with Kellogg's own course as Ambassador to the Court of St. James, and the recent straightforward statement about European debts by Ambassador Houghton.” Patience and forbearance in the matter are ob- served by the Syracuse Herald, which declares that this attitude has been overdone, and suggests that ‘if the Latin American offender had been a powerful nation like Chile or Brazil, we may be sure that the State De- partment at Washington would not so long have delayed the voice of warning.” A failure on the part of Mexico to execute her promises is charged by the Springfield, Ill., State Journal. “She is expected, that paper asserts, “to fulfill the obliga- tions, expressed and implied in her treaties, to protect American life and property on Mexican soil.” * k k% “Mexico is on trial,” in the opinion of the Detroit News, ‘‘until she demon- strates that she can get along with other nations. Is she now going to prove that she cannot get on with her nearest and greatest friend?"” Tak- ing account of this situation, the Seat- tle Times suggests that “‘President Calles has displayed an unsuspected sensitiveness.” The Times adds: “If Mexico’s hair-strung emotions should be aroused to a point where that country would keep its treaty obliga- tions all would be well.” In similar strain, the Sacramento Union states that “‘of all the countries in the world, Mexico can leas afford to be sensitive about the matter. The Union says, further, that ‘“Mr. Kellogg probably Bad no other thought in mind than a turn postage.) in Differ timely warning and exhortation 1o the new national administration head ed by President Calles to attend to the matter of adjustments.” Opposed to these opinions is the view of the New Orleans Tribune which remarks: “Nobody here in New Orleans,” among numerous elements quite familiar with Mexican condi tions, seems to know of any revolu tionary movement of such propor tions as to justify dublousness in so high a quarter. But if the seeds of revolution are sprouting in Mexico the statement of Mr. Kellogg will greatly fertilize their growth.” Testi mony from Texas as to conditions is given by the Houston Chronicle, which states: ‘Texans rather flatter them selves that they are somewhat in touch with conditions in Mexico. Busi ness men and railway executives visit ing the republic have been a unit in declaring conditions there the best in years with the outlook for the fu ture exceptionally bright.” Even more emphatic is the opin- fon of the Des Moines Tribune thar “the controversy has arisen just when Mexican-American relations were getting better than they have been for a generation. while the Charlotte ,Observer expresses the opinion that Secretary Kellogg “will reckon without his host if he thinks to entangle the American people in another row with Mexico, and inci dentally destroy the good relation: of this country with every other Latin American nation to the south of us.” * ok * ¥ A suggestion from the Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch that “many good Americans have desired military in- vasfon” brings a reply from the Lynchburg News that “talk of in- tervention is much easier than mak- ing such intervention successful, while the Dayton News argues: “The government of Mexico has been recognized with its promise to meer certain obligations, among them the guaranty. of protection for Americans and their property rights. If Sec- retary Kellogg sought to strengthen the hands of President Calles in giv- ing that protection, his effort was : miserable failure: and if it was the first move in a plan to show cause for intervention it is mistaken effort, because the people of the United States will not approve such action.” The Baltimore Sun offers the view that Calles’ plea for sympathy in his efforts “to lift an illiterate people strikes a responsive note in the heart of every fair-minded American.” Taking a similar view, the Baton Rouge Louislana Press declares Calles “sits upon an uneasy lid over a turbulent kettle,” and the Atlanta Journal believes that, since this is the case, “interference from without seems to be particularly unfortu- nate.”