Evening Star Newspaper, May 30, 1925, Page 4

PAY SOLDIER DEAD FORLIVES, IS PLEA Herrick, at Paris Service, Voices Hope Sacrifices Were Not in Vain. Br the Associated Press PARIS, May 30.—Was the World War designed by Providence to test efficiency of modern civilization if so, how did civilization stand the test? These queries were the theme of the address prepared by American Ambassador Myron T. rick for the Memorial da tended by’ American gold star today at the Suresnes Cemetery “Those boys who lie sheltered in the loving bosom of France and before whose tombs the gold siar mothers have knelt stood the test,” the Ambas- sador said. “But if the millions whose voices were stilled in the war were to rise would they not ask: ‘What have you done with the victory we gave you in 19187 Have you, to whom the peace settlements were intrusted, shown the same courage and the same self-abnegation The Ambassado the and left the question unanswered, but pressed the hope ! that civilization would advance o a higher level and prove that the sac- rifices of soldiers had not been in vain SERVICES IN LONDON. Houghton Attends Memorial Observ- ance at St. Margaret's. LONDON. May 30 (#).—Americans here generally observed Memorial duy at ceremonies arranged by the Lon- don branch of the American Overseas Memorial Day Association. Services conducted by Canon Car. negie and attended by numerous Amer- icans, including Ambassador Houghton and his staff, were held in St. Mar- garet's Church, Westminster, at noon, after which the Ambassador placed a wreath on the tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Westminster Abbey. Walter Mangum, commander of the london Post of the American Legion, deposited a wreath on the cenotaph. In the afterncon services were held in the Brookwood National Cemetery, where 460 American soldiers are buried. RICHMOND GRAVES BEING DECORATED| Memorial Day Programs Held Also at Fredericksburg and Lynchburg. Special Dispatch to The Sta RICHMOND. Va.. May 30.—This is observing Memorial day with | the usual program of speaking, music, parade and decoration of the graves of the Confederate dead in Hollywood { Cemetery, where buried several | hundred. The women's organizations have the celebration n hand and the inmates | of the Soldiers’ Home and the Sons of Confederate Veterans will be in the line of the parade Business will be generally sus pended for the day Membera of the Grand Army of the Republic post; will march to the Federal cemetery, | a short distance from the city, and | have their usual exercises Fredericksburg Program. Special Dispatch to The Sta FREDERICKSBURG. Va.. May 30. | —Memorial day exercises are being | held here at the National Cemetery. | Beginning at 430 o'clock. the formal | program will be under auspices of the { Bowen-Franklin-knox Post of the American Legion. An appropriate program has been arranged by the post, which will include oration by | Gen. Wilder S. Metcalf, United States | Commissioner of Pensions, of Wash. ington: several selections by the Elks Band and hymns. A parade will pre cede the exercises at the cemetery. Exercises at Lynchburg. Special Dispatch to the Star LYNCHBURG, Va., May 30.—Me-| morial exercises were conducted here this afternoon by the Southern Me. meorial Association and the Lynch- burg Post, American Legion. After # parade of Confederate veterans, World War veterans. the local mili: tary organizationst Boy Scouts and Daughters and Sons of the Confeder- | sy, Rev. Carleton Barnwell spoke at the soldiers’ section in the Methodist Cemetes | HARDING MEMORIAL ROOMg IS DEDICATED IN MARION Present Owner of Newspaper Sold by Former President Opens New Plant. 30.—A feature ceremonies here to- day was the dedication of the new publishing plant of the Marion Star, + room of which has been set apart | as a memorlal to former President \Warren . Harding The walls of the Harding Memo! Room are lined with reproductions | of pages from newspapers throughout | the country detailing the former President’s caveer, from his election as. Lieutenant Governor of Ohio in 1903. hi ervice in the White House. to his death and funeral Two presses in the new plant were started by Dr. George T. Harding and | M. Ralph T. Lewis, father and sister of the former Chiet Executive. CITY UNVEILS MEMORIAL. ‘Whar Monument at Lonaconing. | £ Md., Stands in Church Yard. Special Dispatch (o The Star LONACONING, Md., May 30.—A m@nument to the young men of this place who gave their lives in the World War was unveiled this after ngon. It is located on the Presbyterian CBurch lawn. on Main sireet. The! memorial cost $2,500. while $400 more was spent for a flagpole, placed at a higber elevation back of the monu- ment. The base is of Vermont granite and surmounted by an American sol dier in fighting posture The addresses were delivered by for- mer State Senator David E. Dick and Rev. Joseph P. Nolan, rector of St. Mary’s Catholic Church, both natives | of Lonaconing. The flag, which was vaised by Corpl. James Atkinson, aged $3 the only surviving Union veteran | in Lonaconing. was presenetd by Dr. Willlam Q. Skilling as a memorial 1o his son, First Lieut. John Galen Skill- ing, who was killed in the service and is buried in France. MARION, Ohio, May of Memorial day | Ry the Associated Pre ! | BP0 A national dispenser of the poular| food, pork and beans, says that they were first served by an Englishman, lon They had been brave enough not to shrink from looking at facts and insti- tutions. They had been honest enough to admit that they saw there much that was no good. They glossed over no wrongs, they hid away no skeletons. They did not pretend that wrong was right or ever could be right. They had put much thought to the lessons of hard experience, and had frankly acknowledged that they must deal with a crisis in the Nation's life. They were sure that union was a_ bless- ing. that slavery was a wrong, and that domestic war_was the supreme human tragedy. This settled. they saw that one of three courses must be taken. They could have had peace with disunion, or they could have had peace and union with slavery. Free- dom with union, they saw at last, meant war. We know how they de: cided. We know at what fearful cost they supported their decision. We live far enough away from those times of test and trial to know that sincerity and honesty did not all lie on either side. We know the conflicts of loyalties, traditions, ancestry, and interest which drew men to one side nd the other. 1 doubt if there ever was another so great and elemental a conflict from which men emerged with 80 much mutual respect, with so little of bitterness and lingering hos- tility. The struggle brought the whole Nation at last to see that its only assurance was in unity. United it could go its way in all security; divided, both sections becoming the v of jealousy and intrigue. would - dissipated all the power they now have for good in the world. Our generation has recently iived through times still so vivid as to seem but as vesterday. which have taught us deeply to appreciate the valus of union in purpose and effort. We have come to see as through a crystal that in the national variety of talents and resources, of cultures and capacities, of climates and of solls, of occupations and of interests, lies the guaranty of both our power and our authority. More than that, they have taught us how heavy and important is our responsibility in the world. Helped by Neighbors. Conscious of a strength which re moves us from either fear or trucu- lence, satisfled with dominions and resources which free us from lust of territory or empire, we see that our highest interest will be promoted by the prosperity and progress of our neighbors. \We recognize that what has been accomplished here has argely been due to the capacity of our people for efficient co-operation. We shall continue prosperous at home and helpful abroad. about as we shall maintain and continually adapt to changing conditions the system under which we have come thus far. I mean our Federal system. distribut- ing powers and responsibilities be- tween the States and the National Government. For that is the greatest American contribution to the organi- zation of government over great pGpu- lations and wide areas. It is the es- sence of practical administration for a nation placed as ours is. It has i become so commonplace to us, and a pattern by so many other peoples, that we do not always realize how great an innovation it was when first formulated. or how great the prac tical problems which its operation in- volves. Because of my conviction that some of these problems are at this time in need of deeper consider- ation, I shall take this occasion to try to turn the public mind in that di- rection. When dealing with the distribution of powers between the General Gov- ernment and the States, Chief Justice Marshall declared: “When the American people created a national legislature with certain powers, it was nefther necessary nor proper to define the powers reserved by the States. Those powers pro- ceed, not from the people of America, but from the people of the several States, and remain after the adoption of the Constitution what they were Uefore, except so far as they may be abridged by that instrument.” Alliance Chosen. Our constitutional history started with the States retaining all powers of soverelgnty unimpaired, save those conferred upon the National Govern- ment. The evolution of the constitu- tional system has consisted largely in determining the line of demarcation between State and national authority. The cases involved are many and com- plicated, but there is a fairly good popular understanding of this contin- uing struggle between these contend- ing sovereignties. Because of better communication and _transportation, the constant tendency has been to more and more social and economic unification. The present continent- wide unfon of 48 States is much closer than was the original group of 13 States This increasing unification has well- nigh obliterated State lines so far as concerns many relations of life. Yet, in a country of such enormous ex- panse. there must always be certain regional differences in social outlook and economic thought. The most fa- miliar illustration of this 'is found in the hiatory of slavery. The Constitu- tion did not interfere with slavery, excepl to fix a time when the foreign slave trade should be abolished. Yet \within a generation the country was confronting a sharp sectional division this issue. Changing economic conditions made slavery profitable in the South, but left it unprofitable in (he North. The resulting war might have been avoided if the South had adopted a policy of uitimate abolition. But as this method was not pursued the differences grew sharper until they brought on the great conflict. Still Presents Problems. Though the war ended forever the \7(’»:'1\)1“‘[_\' of disunion, there still re- | Taain problems between State and Fed- eral authority. There are divisions of interest, perhaps more apparent than real, among geographical sections or social groups. The seaboard thinks it has interests in maritime transpor- tation and overseas commerce which gdiffer greatly from these of the inte- Vior, which is peculiarly dependent upon the railroads. Difference in climate . and physical _conditions throughout so great a territory tend {o varied social habits and modes of living which react upon the economic and political attitudes. The industrial development of some sections con- [ }rasts with the agricultural character of others. Obviously, these differences give rise to many problems in govern- ment, which must always be recos- nized. But it is hardly conceivable {hat a really menacing contest be- {ween the sovereignty of the States and of the Union could ever again 6 country, having devised this dual system of government, and lived under it longer than any other, is deeply concerned to perfect and adapt it to the changing conditions of organ- ized society. A community compris- ing half a continent and more than a hundred million people could not pos- sibly be administered under a single Government organization. We must maintain a proper measure of local self-government while constantly meaking adjustments to an increasing interdependence among the political Danjel Day Good, who, on the first, Friday of every July, invited his triends to & picaic of pork and beans. cta. ‘-Our national history has presented various phases of ‘this problem. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SATURDAY, MAY 30, 1925. NATION PAYS HONOR TO HEROES IN MEMORIAL SERVICES TODAY President Speaks at Rites in Arlington—Thinning Ranks of G. A. R. Lead Procession—Many Societies Take Part in Program. |GREATER ENFORCEMENT OF LAW, COOLIDGE MEMORIAL DAY PLEA More State and Local Government, Not More Federal Guidance, Necessary, President Declares. Text of His Address. Slavery showed one; the complexities of interstate commerce have kept others constantly in mind. On the day the Constitution was finished, probably more people would have seen seeds of conflict and dangers to the Union In future commercial relations than in slavery. But commerce became a source of strength, while slavery be- came a cause of division. It brought the Unfon into danger; and in the end was destroyed itself. Where there was sincere acceptance of the dual sov- erelgnty theory; where the States sought to do their full part, and ac- cepted the determinations of the Na- tional Government as to the rest, the plan worked. Where the States sought more from the Federal authority than it could give, and resisted national de- mands—then came dissension and, at length, war. It would be folly to deny that we still have problems of interstate rela- tions to handle. We boast that this is a land of equal opportunity for all. We insist that there is one law for all the people. But that equality suffers often because of the divergencies be- tween the laws of different States. So long as some can go to a distant State for divorces which others are denied at home, there is not equality in this regard. When some States grant valuable exemptions from taxation which other States impose, one person may enjoy while another is denied these benefits. A few vears ago @ majority of the States had adopted prohibition or rigid restrictions on the traffic in intoxicat- ing liquor. But other States did not co-operate in advancing this policy, and ultimately by national action it was extended to all the Union. By failing to meet the requirements of a national demand the States became deprived of the power to act. If ques- tions which the States will not fairly settle on their own account shall have to be settled for them by the Federal authority, it will only be because some States will have refused to discharge obvious duties. Hits Law Delays. There is another responsibility of the State. It is quite aside from this one of jurisdiction. It is the subject of law enforcement. We are not a lawless people, but we are too fre- quently a careless one. The multi- plicity of laws, the varied possibilitie: of appeals, the disposition of techni- cality in procedure, the delays and consequent expense of litigation which inevitably inure to the advantage of wealth and specialized ability—all these have many times been recount- ed as reproaches to us. It is strange that such laxities should persist in a time like the present, which is marked by a determined upward movement in behalf of the social wel fare. But they do exist. They dem- onstrate a need for better, prompter, less irksome and expensive adminis- tration of the laws. They point the necessity for simplification and codi fication of laws; for uniformity of procedure: for more accurate delimi- tation of State and Federal authority. All these problems constantly come in the work of political and social de- velopment. But they stand for a vast progression toward better conditions, a better society, a better economic system. In approaching them, we need to have in mind the Federalist's analysis of our constitutional system: “The powers delegated to the Fed eral Government are few and defined; those to remain in the hands of the State government are numerous and indefinite.” : Control Vested in State. That statement cannot be too much emphasized. The counmtry's growth has compelled the Federal establish- ment to exceed by far the Govern- ment plants of even the greatest States. With this growth in physical extent, in revenue, in personnel, there has inevitably been the suggestion that the Federal Government was overshadowing the States. Yet the State governments deal with far more various and more intimate concerns of the people than does the National Government. All the operations of the minor civil divisions, parishes, wards, school districts, towns, cities, counties and the like are depend- encles of the State. The maintenance of order through police, the general business of enforcing law. is left to the States. So is education. Prop- erty is held and transferred on terms fixed by the States. In short, the structure of social and business rela- tionship is built chiefly about the laws of the States. It depends upon the exercise by the States of that vastly greater share of Government power which resides in them, to the exclusion of the Federal Government. In ordinary times nearly the entire burden of taxation represents State and local demands. FEven now, de- spite the enormous increase of Fed- eral taxes from pre-war years, State and local taxes far exceed the Federal requirements. Moreover, the hational burden is being continually reduced, while that of the local units is grow ing and likely to continue to grow. Such Is the real distribution of du ties, responsibilities and expenses. Yet people are given to thinking and speakinz of the National Government as “the (.. ernment.” They demand more from it than it was ever intend- ed to provide: and vet in the same breath they complain that Federal au- thority is stretching itself over areas which do not concern it. On one side, there are demands for more amend- ments to the Constitution. On the other, there is too much opposition to those that already exist. Sees Duties Neglected. Without doubt, the reason for in- creasing demands on the Federal Gov- ernment is that the States have not discharged their full duties. Some have done better and some worse, but as & whole they have not done all they should. So demand has grown up for a greater concentration of powers in the Federal Government. If we will fairly consider it, we must conclude that the remedy would be worse than the disease. What we need is not more Federal government, but better local government. Yet 1 many people who would agree to this have large responsibility for the lapses of local authority. From every position of consistency with our system, more centralization ought. to be avolded. The States would protest, promptly enough, any- thing savoring of Federal usurpation. Their protection will lie in discharging the full obligations that have been imposed on them. Once the evasion of local responsibilities becomes a habit, there is no knowing how far the consequences may reach. Every step in such a progression will be unfortunate alike for States and Na- tion. The country needs, in grappling with the manifoid problems of these times, ail the courage, intelligence, training and skill that can be en- listed in both State and national ad- ministrations. One insidious practice which sugar- coats the dose of Federal intrusion is the division of expense for public improvements or services between State and national treasuries. The ardent States-rights advocate sees in this practice b viclous weakening of the State system. The extreme fed- eralist is apt to look upon it in cynical fashion as bribing the States into subordination. The average Ameri- can, believing in our dual-sovereignty system, must feel that the policy of national doles to the States is bad and may becomes disastrous. We may g0 on yet for time with the easy assumption that “if the States will not, the Nation must.” But that way lies trouble. ‘When the National Treasury contributes half, there is temptation to extravagance by the State. We have seen some examples in connection with the Federal con- tributions to road building. Yet there are constant demands for more Fed- eral contributions. Whenever by that plan we take something from one group of States and give it to an- other group, there is grave danger that we do an economic injustice on one side and a political injury on the other. We impose unfairly on the strength of the strong, and we en- courage the weak to indulge their weakness. Starts Disregard of Law. When the local government unit evades its responsibility in one direc- tion. it is started in the vicious way of disregard of law and laxity of liv- ing. The police force which is ad- ministered on the assumption that the violation of some laws may be fg- nored has started toward demoraliza- tion. The community which approves such adminlstration is making dan- gerous concessions. There is no use disguising the fact that as a our attitude toward the prevention and punishment of crime needs more serious attention. I read the other day a survey which showed that in proportion to population we have eight times as many murders as Great Britain, and five times as many as France. Murder rarely goes unpun- ished in Britain or France; here the reverse is true. The same survey re ports many times as many burglaries in patts of America as in all Eng- land: and, whereas a very high per cent’ of burglars in England are caught and punished, in parts of our country only a very low per cent are finally punished. The comparison can not fail to be disturbing. The con- clusion is inescapable that laxity of administration reacts upon public opinion. causing cynicism and loss of confidence in both law and its en- forcement and therefore in its observ- ance. The failure of local government has a demoralizing effect in every di- rection. Liberty is Imperiled. These are vital issues, in which the Nation greatly needs a revival of in- terest and concern. It is senseless to boast of our liberty when we find that to so shocking an extent it is merely the liberty to go ill.governed. It is time to take warning that neither the liberties we prize nor the system under which we claim them are safe while such conditions exist. We shall not correct admitted and grave defects if we hesitate to recog nize them. We must be frank with ourselves. We ought to be our own harshest critics. We can afford to be, for in spite of everything we still have a balance of prosperity, of general wel- fare, of secure freedom, and of right- €ous purpose, that gives us assurance of leadership among the nations. What America needs is to hold to its ancient and well charted course. Our country was conceived in the theory of local self-government. It has been dedicated by long practice to that wise and beneficent policy. It is the foundation principle of our system of liberty. It makes the largest prom- ise to the freedom and development of the individual. Its preservation is worth all the effort and all the sacri fice that it may cost. 1t cannot be denied that the present tendency is not in harmeny with this spirit. ~ The individual, instead of working out his own salvation and securing his own freedom by estab- lishing his own economic and moral independence by his own industry and his own self-mastery, tends to throw himself on some vague influence which he denominates society and to hold that in some way responsible for the sufficlency of his support and the morality of his actions. The local political units likewise look to the States. the States look to the Nation, and nations are beginning to look to some vague organization. some nebu- lous concourse of humanity, to pay their bills and tell them what to do. This is not local self-government. It is not American. It is not the method which has made this country what it is. We canno: maintain the western standard of civiliation on that theory. 1f it is supported at all, it will have to be supported on the principle of in- dividual responsibility. If that prin- ciple be maintained. the result which 1 believe American wishes to see pro- duced inevitably will follow. Must Make Decision. There is no other foundation on which freedom has ever found a per- manent abiding place. We shall have to make our decision whether we wish to maintain our present institutions, or whether we wish to exchange them for something else. 1f we permit some one to come to support us, we cannot prevent some one coming to govern us. If we are too weak to take charge of our own morality, shail not be strong enough to charge of our own liberty. If we can- not govern ourselves, if we cannot observe the law, nothing remains but to have some one else govern us, to have the law enforced against us, and to step down from the honorable abiding place of freedom to the ignominious abode of servitude. If these principles are sound, two conclusions follow. The individual and the local, state and national polit- ical units ought to be permitted to as- sume their own responsibilities. Any other course in the end will be sub- versive both of character and liberty. But it is equally clear that they in their turn must meet their obligations. 1f there is to be a continuation of in- dividual and local self-government and of State sovereignty, the individual and locality must govern themselves and the State must assert its sover- eignty. Otherwise these rights and privileges will be confiscated under the all-compelling pressure of public necessity for a better maintenance of order and morality. The whole world has reached a stage in which, if we do not_set ourselves right, we may be perfectly sure that an authority will be asserted by others for the purpose of setting us right. Look to Home First. But before we attempt to set our- selves up as exponents of universal reform, it would be wise to remember that progress is of slow growth, and also to remember that moderation, pa- tience, forbearance, and charity are virtues in their own right. The only action which can be effective in the long run is that which helps others to help themselves. Before we assume too great responsibilities in the gov- erning of others, it would be the part of wisdom very completely to dis- charge our responsibilities for gov- erning ourselves. A large amount of work has to be done at home before we can start in on the neighbors, and very considerable duties have to be performed in America before we un- dertake the direction of the rest of the world. But we must at all times do the best we can for ourselves with- out forgetting others, and the best we can for our own country without for- getting other nations. R Ours is a new land. It has had an almost unbelievable task to perform, and has performed it well. We have been called to fit the inatitutions of ancient civilization to the conditions of a new country. In that task the leaders of the Nation have been sup. ported by a deep devotion to the es. sentials of freedom. At the bottom of the national character has heen a strain of religious earnestness and moral determination which has never failed to give color and quality to our institutions. Because our history shows us these things, we dare make honest appraisal of our shortcomings. We have not failed. We have suc- ceeded. Because we have been priv- fleged to rely upon generations of men and women ready to serve and to sac- rifice, we have magnificently suc- ceeded. Our gathering here today 1s in tes- ___(Continued from_Fi right to be citizens of the United States is the extent to which we will 80 to protect its institutions. “Our Nation was created inde- pendent. Its policies are free for all other countries to adopt, but it is our duty to defend the Nation against any attempt to place it where any foreign state or group of states may demand of this people the' surrender or adoption of any policy because of any convention to which they have been made signatory.” The exercises closed with the sing- ing of the national anthem and bene- diction pronounced by Iev. R. F. McBride, chaplain of the G. A. R. The parade was formed at 9:30 in two divisions—the first -led by the Marine Band and composed of civil and Spanish war veterans, the sccond led by the Army Band, composed of members of the American Legion and allied organizations. Line of Procession. The first division formed on Execu- tive avenue near the Treasury and the second in front of the District Build- ing. The parade proceeded along Pennsylvania avenue in front of the Treasury, down Fifteenth street, along the avenue to Thirteenth street and thence to Thirteenth and B streets, where eight electrie cars were waiting to take the marchers to Arlington. World War veterans formed the bulk of those who took part. Grand Army members made a very thin line, 38 men in all, as they marched directly behind the band. There were approxi- mately 100 Spanish, Boxer and Philip- pine war veterans in line. The banners of 12 American Legion posts were carried. Veteran, 81, Wins Cheer. The parade proceeded without inci- dent until the cars had started from Thirteenth and B streets. Then an elderly man with military medals on his chest came running through the scattered group of watchers /accom- panied by two policemen and shouting to attract the attention of the motor- man on the rear car. It was John Staub, 81 years old, veteran of the Civil and Spanish- American Wars, who lives a mile out [of Culpeper, Va. Staub came from Culpeper especially to participate in the parade and the services at Arling- ton. He made a good run and sSwung aboard the car as it was coming to a stop, while a cheer went up from the occupants. The order of march wa Parade Formation Mounted police escort. Marine Band. Capt. John Middleton, chief marshal. Department Commander, Hosea B. Moulton. Department offi- cers and official staff. Past depart- ment commanders, Kit Carson Post, No. 2, John McElroy, commander; Lincoln Post, No. 3, William P. Shel- mire, commander; Phil Sheridan Post, No. 6, Samuel 'G. Mawson, com mander; Burnside Post. No. 8, Hosea B. Moulton, commander: Lafayette Post, No. 20, Walter C. Butler, com- mander. Charles Sumner Post, No. 9, and George H. Thomas Post, No. 15, are assigned for memorial service at cemeteries other than Arlington, and will not appear in the parade. United Spanish War Veterans, Arthur H. League, department commander; de- partment officers and officlal staff; camps numbered 1. 2, 3. 4,6, 7, § and 10. _Army and Navy Union, Charles L. Fox. commander; garrisens fum. bered 104 and 9. Veterans of Foreign Wars, Willlam Homer Carroll, depart- ment commander;, posts numbered 127, 284, 427, §24, 833 and 983. The American Legion, Frank L. Peckham, department commander: Posts Rum- 3,475, 6,7,78, .10, 91, 1%; , 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, Poppies Placed This morning at 6 of the 40 and § delegations of Boy Scouts, met in front of the District Building, from wheresthey went to the cemetery and placed replicas of the symbolic poppy on the tombstones. The District Department of the American Legion met at % am. in front of the District Building, formed in a parade led by the Army Band and marched to the train. They marched to the tomb of the Unknown Hero, where they placed a huge wreath. After luncheon they marched into the amphitheater to participate in the general Memorial day service under the auspices of the allied veter- ans’ organizations, led by the G. A. R. Brief services were held by the Jane A. Delano Post of the American Legion in Arlington Cemetery at 11:30 a.m., in the nurses’ section. Eulogies were delivered over the women who gave their lives in the service of the Nation. This forenoon flowers also were placed on the tomb of the Unknown Soldier by members of the G. A. R., Women's Relief Corps, Daughters of Veteran's Relief Corps, Daughters of Veterans, Ladies of the G. A. R. and other auxiliaries. The following com- mittee was in charge: Augusta B. >almer, Mrs. Sadie P. Woltz, Helen . Downing, Laurette Hulings, Anna Hage, Olive C. Johnson, Julia Leav- itt, Beatrice Deeds, Mrs. Mary S. Parker, Agnes S. Barnard, Nora S Albers, Naomi Harriman, Grace Lut- trell, Mary Hohenstein, Rose Ver- non, Katherine Lawson, Katherine Baum and Mrs. Irene Arnold. Tribute to Wilson President Coolidge paid a tribute to the memory of ‘Woodrow Wilson, the war-time President, early this morn- ing when he sent to the Washington Cathedral a palm-leat wreath to be placed on the tomb of the late Presi- dent. The simple wreath was tied with a white and gold ribbon and to it was attached a card bearing the words “The President.” The wréath was ~placed inside the grill on'the b of Wilson. b w?he American- Legion officially add- ed its tribute of admiration.to Wilson last night when National Comdr. Drain, accompanied by a bodyguard ———ee vho have given most to make and ;r’;:er\'e the Natlon. They established it upon the dual system of State go! ernment and Federal government, each supreme in its own sphere. But they left to the States the main pow- ers and functions of determining the orm and course of society. We have Somonatrated in the time of war that er the Constitut! ‘We possess an ;:l'a:u(m'éllfile flnl‘onane must not fail to demonstratein the time-of peace that we are likewise determined to possess and maintain indestructible States. This policy can.be greatly agd- vanced by_individual observance .af the law. It can be strongly supple- mented by a vigorous enforcement of the law. The war which estab on Graves. o'clock members club, assisted by purpose the enforcement of the Con- stitution, The peace which follawed that war rests upon the universal ob- servance of the Constitution. This Union can only be preserved, t! States can only be maintained. under a reign of national, local, and moral law, under the Constitution established by Washington, under the peace lished Memorial day had for its main ) of two soldiers and two sallors and a4 buglagr went to the Washington Cathedral and placed a wreath on the tomb of Wilson in the name of the Legion. Comdr. Drain made a short talk in commemoration of Wilson, and a prayer was sald by Rev. Arlington A. McCullum of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. The ceremony was closed by the sounding of Taps. . Dewey Tomb Decorated. Members of the Admiral George Dewey Camp, No. 7, United States Spanish War Veterans, led by Comdr. W. W. Lynch, held a brief ceremony in homage to Admiral Dewey this morning at the tomb of Admiral Dewey in the Washington Cathedral. A floral anchor of roses was laid on the tomb. Comdr. Lynch was accom panied by Senior Vice Comdr. James A. Burns, Mrs. N. Harriman, presi- dent of the ladies’ auxillary of the camp; Margaret Burns, senior vice president of the auxiliary; Mrs. Alice Fletcher, guard, and Mrs. Louise Moore, historfan. U. S. Soldiers’ Home The ceremonies at the National Cemetery, United States Soldiers’ Home, opened with a parade from the Sherman building to the rostrum in the cemetery, with the Soldiers’ Home Band leading. The exercises began with the sound ing of assembly by a bugler, followed by simple services at the tomb of Gen. Logan, the band playing ““Nearer, My God, to Thee.” TInvocation was pro- nounced by Chaplain H. A. Griffith of the home, after ahich the gathering gave the salute to the flag, led by Chief of Staff C. O. Howard of the Army and Navy Union. Mrs. Esther M. Sloss sang “The Star Spangled Banner,” the audience joining in the last lines of each yerse. F. W. Archibald, senior vice depart- ment commander of the G. A. R.. the presiding officer, gave the Grand Army ritual address; John A. Logan, 3rd, read Gen. Logan's order establishing Memorial day: Talbot O. Pulizzi read Lincoln's Gettysburg address, and Senator Irvine L. Lenroot then deliv- ered the patriotic address of the day Other musical selections included an- other solo by Mrs. Sloss, selections by the band and taps. following benedic- tion by Chaplain Griffith. The exercises were under direction of F. W. Archibald, senior vice de- partment commander, G. A. R.; C. O. Howard, national junior vice com- mander, Army and Navy Union: Charles’ ii. McKenzie, commander, John Jacoh Astor Camp, No. 6. United Spanish ‘Var Veterans; C. L. Fox, commund-r, President’s Own Garri- son. No. (04, Army and Navy Unton: J. J. Moran, commander, Gen. Adna R. Chafree Cantonment, No. 8, Indian War Veterans, and other allied organi- zations. The officer of the day was Dennis F. Cooney, the marshal of the parade was First Sergt. Michael D. Crimmins and the color bearer was August Ganslean. James S. Ruby, superfntendent of the United States Soldlers’ Home Na- tional Cemetery, was chairman of ar- rangements. Maj. Gen. Tasker H. Bliss, Maj. Par- ker W. West, Col. Walter C. Babcock, Col. David S. Stanley and_Col. H. P, Birmingham were members of the re. ceptiony committee. - Battleground Cemetery The ‘outstanding feature of the observance this afternoon at Battle. sround Cemetery will be the decorat- ing of graves by public school chil dren. This will take place following the address of Senator Willlam H. King of Utah. The program will open at 3:15 p.m. with the sounding of assembly by a bugler of the 13th Engineer Band. Led by Maj. John Devey, the official flag-raising will take place, conclud- ing with the singing of *“The Star Spangled Banner." John M. Kline will read the orders of the G. A. R. regarding the celebration and John Clagett Proctor will then introduce the chairman of the committee in charge. Maj. Gen. John L. Clem. Invocation will be pronounced by Rev. E. V. Regester. The Bright- wood Community Chorus will sing “America, the Beautiful”” and John M. Kline, jr.. will recite “The Star Spangled Banner.” 'Mr. Proctor will read an original poem and Theodore Hardy will read Lincoln’s Gettysburg address. Benediction will be pro- nounced: by Rev. Reginald = B. Stevenson Other musical selections will be offered by the band, by Miss Lucille Hardesty, soprano, and the Bright- wood chorus. The decoration of the graves will be under direction of Mrs. Angus Lamond, jr.. assisted by Misses Mildred Bursley, Ellita Steers, Evelyn Fenton, Eugenia Fenstad, Gertrude Krueger and Sonia Ableman of the West School: Marilynn Willlams, Dorothy Clauze, Doris Judge, Muriel Hauck and Henrietta Fletcher of the Takoma School; Viola Raines, Ruth Jeffries, Salome Frazee and Mar garet Wade of the Brightwood School: Margaret Braesy, Mary Scan- lan, Irene Baxter and Jane Louft of the Brightwood Park School, and Marjorie - Kidwell, Grace Martin, Elizabeth Gleason, Francis Cheeney and Jane Sincell of the Woodburn School. The children participating in the exercises are from the public schools of the third division, Ephraim G. Kimball, supervising principal. The guests of honor will be Cuno H. Rudolph, Lieut. Col. James Frank- lin Bell, Commissioners of the Dis- trict of Columbia: H. K. Taff, mayor of Takoma Park, Md; Maj. Gen. Lansing H. Beach, Maj. Gen. Tasker H. Bliss; -John' C.” Box,' Lyan' J, Fragler, Prof. R. L. Haycock, Maj. Gen, Peter C. Harris, Maj. Gen. W. H. Hart, Ira G. Hersey, Edwin F. Ladd, Lieut. Col. C. O. Sherrill, Har- ley_ V. Speelman and Col. J. A. Wood- ruff. > The committee was assisted by Gen. James D. Glennan, Col. Henry C. Fisher, Maj.' George F. Lull, Maj. C. M. Watson and,Capt. J..N. Lothrop of Walter Reed Hospital Congressional Cemetery Speaking at ceremonies at Congres- sional Cemetery, Lieut. Cql. Thomas J. Dickson, Chaplains' Corps, retired, declared America believed in ‘‘peace on earth and good will toward all man- kind.* B - ‘“We are trying to take an honarable place in the moral government.of the 'world,” said Col. Dickson. *We are try- ing to give a living.exemplification ot a humane_civilization. - This, is our pedigree. On this record we stand. I challenge any man on earth or beneath the ‘sod—defy all' the Jiving and con- jure the dead—to file a petition before the Eternal’ Bar of ‘Justice setting forth wherein the great heart of Amer-. ica has not always bled in sympathy with oppressed and , struggling hu- manity. “When 1 try to praise the handi- work of our great statesmen or the peace and civilization our national de- fenders ordained, 1 am mocked in th household of my soul.. You know full pro- timony of supreme obligation to those ' vided by Lincolm < - = sapunscmcs-yrell-the price we: paid for our liber- iation be the coln ties! Then let appr ildren pay their with which our debts of gratitude. The program at Congressional Ceme- tery was under direction of George H. Kunsman, junior vice department commander, G. A. R., assisted by Henry W. Lawton Camp, No. 4, U. S. W. V., George E. Burdick, commander. Invocation and benediction were pro- nounced by Rev. Enoch M. Thompson, pastor of Church of the Nativity. “The Star Spangled Banner” and other pa- triotic airs were played by the United Club of Eastern High School sang a patriotic selection. Mr. Kunsman read Gen. order on Memortal day, and Lincoln’s Gettysburg address was read by Col. W. 8. Hodges, U. 8. W. V. The committees in charge included the following: man, chalrman; George E. Burdick, vice chairman; L.°B. Taylor, superin- tendent of cemetery; W. P. Davis, chairman stand committee; Dr. E. C. Barstow, chairman decorating commit- tee. ommittee on strewing flowers— Woman's Relief Corpm, Cushing Auxil- iary, No. 4, and Sons and Daughters of Veterane. Cemetery committes chairman; P. J Dawson. Flower committee—Woman's Relief Corps, Sons and Daughters of Vet- erans’ and Daughters of American Revolution, —L. B. Taylor, Cooksey and James L. Oak Hill Cemetery Rev. Frank Steelman, pastor of Trinity M. E. Church, was the princi pal speaker at the exercises this morn ing at Oak Hill Cemetery. Paying tribute to the founders and defenders of the country, Dr. Steelman declared modern America owed an undying debt of gratitude to those “henefac tors” of the Republic, a debt, he sai which could never be repaid Services at Oak Hill were under the auspices of William B. Cushing Camp No. 30, Sons of Veterans, U. S. A., as sisted by William B. Cushing Auxil- fary, No. 4, Division Comdr. Herbert Walton Rutledge presiding. J. L. Bateman, past commander of William B. Cushing Camp, pronounced the invocation, following which J. C. Hiatt, past division commander, read ial day orders. The audience ‘America. burg address was read by Mrs. May Webb, patriotic in structor Cushing Auxiliary, and a pa- triotic song was sung by Past Comdr. E. Albert Lang. _As a solemn and impressive conclu- sion a salutg was fired by a firing squad from ny C. 121st Engi- neers, D. C. W, G., Staff Sergt. Wil- fred E. Garlick in’ charge; taps was sounded by a bugler, and_benediction was pronounced by Past Comdr. Bate- man. Salvation Army Services Officers of the Salvation Army in Washington today placed a wreath on the grave of the Unknown Soldier n the ~Arlington Cemetery. Wreaths will also be placed on the graves of 48 service men, one from each State. This is’an annual custom of the army. In the party were Brig. Wil- liam H. Barrett, Adjt. Ernest R. Holz and other army officers. Special memorial services fc mond Kelly Ingram, the first killed in the Navy in activc after the declaration of wi conducted on board the U. S cumseh by the Maccabees th ing. 5 Ingram was a gunner's mate on the destrover Cassin. The services were conducted by Supreme Comdr. A. W. Frye, 8. C. C. Ward, Turner. Herbert O’Connor and O. Croy. The. American Veterans of Hellenic Descent held short memorial services at the tomb of thegk'nknown Soldier this morning at WArlington. Rev. Thomas Daniels. pastor of the SS. Constantine and Helen Greek Ortho- dox Church, -officiated Short_speeches were made the national commander. Soterios Nichol- son, and others. The exercises were in the hands of a committee consist- ing of Harry J. Photis, Alex Chana- kas, Steve J. Demas and Aris Bacas At 3:30 p.an. memorial services will be held at the tomb of George Dilhoy Os. man ervice were by Holy Rood Cemetery l At Holy Rood Cemetery Dr. Gilbert P. Brown, past commander, Abraham Lincoln Camp. No. 106, Sons of Vet- erans of Boston. delivered a pictur- esque address, illustrating it with vivid word pictures from historic scenes of the Civil War. He called upon the present to honor valorous defenders of the Nation, and paid tribute to American heroism. Dr. Brown for 10 vears was Memorial day speaker at Holy Cross Cemetery, at Malden, Mass. The program at Holy Rood Ceme- tery at 9 o'clock was under auspices of William B. Cushing Camp, No. 30 Sons of Veterans, U. S. A., assisted b: Cushing Auxiliary, No. 4. Past Division Comdr. J. Clinton Hiatt presid- ing. Mr. Hiatt read the Memorial day orders. Mrs. May Webb, patriotic in- structor Cushing Auxiliary, read Lin- coln’s Gettysburg addr Music of the occasion was “America,” sung by the assemblage. A salute fived by a firing squad from Compan 121st Built-in Features HE man wh Gray brick, with bath and a kitchen that fancy. Paved alley at Payable $850 Down igan Ave. squares south on 925 Fifteenth Street Phone Main 9770 }' States Navy Band, and the Merril Glee | Logan's | General committee—George H. Kuns. | w floors upstairs and down, splendidly cquipped $7.975 Location—Twenty minul Treaswry, go out via N. Capitol St. and Mich. to Monroe St. and 7th St., then three Seventh Engineers, D Wilfred E. Gu o G., Staft sergt, lick in charge Pupils Decorate Graves Pupils and teachers of the Langle Junior High school and the Mat G. Emery school joined with me bers of the Grand Army of the T public and other organizations ir {ing tributes of fowers on the gr of deceased veterans In Glenw Prospect Hill and St. Mary's teries this morning. Meeting at the chapel of Glenwood Cemetery at 9 o'clock, 1 their teachers and veteran ¢ cer of the dead defenders of Vivid memories of the sacrif {made in the preservation of the Uy | were brought to surviving members [of the Civil War armies who par: | pated in the service, with the reading of Line tribute to the dead his dedication of the battlefield of Gettysburg by Comdr. Thomas | |Crisp, of “George H. Thomas Posr No. 15, G. A. R.. and the recitatic of “The Blue and the Gray,” by Ja Page Menefee of the Langley Junio High ‘school Following the calling of the blage by Comdr. Crisp, and ar cation by the chaplain of the Adjt. B. P. Entrikin read the rial orders. ac and pupils the schools then saluted the f sang “America’ the Beautiful Memorial Day messages were gi by Flovd Crisp, Henry Maroff Warwick Spates, pupils of 1 Junior High school. Jean the schaol then recited “Our Robert Sullivan ga In Flar Fields.” and Catherine Dempster an_oration on “America s The address of the made by Prof. H. W. Draper ne pal of Langley Junior Hig o who, in a few simple words, honored the sacrifice of the soldier deud Answer. Taps Sounded at The service was singing of “America ing of taps The service was Comdr. Thomas B. George H. Thomas Woman's Corps, No. 11: a detail from ard J. Harden Camp, No. 2. W V., William E. Rink, commande Kenneth H. Nash Post, No. § ican Legion, and the teachers pupils of the two schools Flowers were arranged committee headed by Mrs Wingate, president of Thomas ' Corps, and ineluding Sophie Keil, Mrs. Marie Watkins. Alice Spear, Mi: Minnie Watk sisted by other members of 0 an's Relief Corps and pupils of the schools. —_— Mount Olivet Cemetery Close. closed wit and the xou in the Crisp, assister fe Mi a teachers Memorial will be held Mount Olivet Cemetery tomorrow af ernoon at 3 o'clock under the auspice of Lincoln Camp. No. Veterans, whose commande Niswonger: Vincent B. Post. No. 15, American Legion, con manded by Charles Kohen, and Ellen Spencer Mussey Tent, No. Daughters of Veterans, of whic Anna Hage is president Speakers of the ceremony will be Patrick J. Haltigan, reading clerk of the United States House of Represen: atives, and Commander Kohen ¢ Costelio Post. Boys' Band to Play. The Washington Boys' Indepenc Band will play “Onward, Christian Soldiers,” at the opening of the s ice, following which the meeting w be called to_order by Commande Niswonger. Miss Edna Sheehy will lead in the singing of “America” and invocation will be said by Rev. Joseph M. Lonerzan mmander Niswonze will read the Memorial da Following a sacred ng by Orange and a selection by the hand Theodore (. Howe of G Wasl ington Post, No. 1, American Le; will repeat Lincoln’s Gettysbur, dress. Following the two addr by Mr. Haltigan and Command Kohen, a_short musical program w be given by Miss Sheehy, Mr. Orange and the Boyvs Independent Band Benediction will be asked by Re F. J. Hurney past department chap lain of the American Legion The general committee which ranged the service was composed o George Alpha Howe, chairman: L. R iswonger, F. T. F. Johnson. James W. Lyons, Charles Kohen, Wiltiam } anklin, Miss Anna Hage. (hal men of the subcommittee were F.T. F. Johnson, Solomon A. Smith, Miss T (Continued on Fifth Page.) services ENTERPRISE SERIAL BUILDING ASSOCIATION 643 Louisiana Ave. N.W. S4th issue of stock now open for subscription. Money loaned to members on easy monthly payments. James E. Connelly, President James F. Shea, Secretary o seecks quarters for himself and his car under the same roof will applaud the built-in rages and the woman who resents the i man’s daily tracking of her kitchen floor will acclaim the built-in refrigerators that are included in these Warren-built 6-Room Brick Homes Seventh and Hamlin Sts. N.E. e- ide porches, hardwood capturcs every woman's the back. $67.50 Monthly es by trolley from the to these homes. WASEEN Evening Phones Pot. 2892.J and Cleve. 1149-