Evening Star Newspaper, April 23, 1925, Page 6

w3 By THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY......April 23, 1025 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company 110 8. "hd Penpipivania Ave th St ane sylvania Av New York Offic: 110 Eagt 32nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Build European Office: 18 Regent St., England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday fmorn- fng edition. 1s delivered by carriers within the.city at 60 cents per month; daily only. 45 cents per month: Sunday only, 20 cants per month. Orders may be sent by mail or telaphone Main 5000. Collection {s made by carrier at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dile ana suna All Other States. L1 yr. $10:00: 1 mo . 850 13r:787.00: 1 mo.. sue 131, $3:00:1mol. 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled 0 the use for. republication of all news di patches credited £o it or not otherwise cre Daily and Sunday Daily only Sunday only ited in this paper and also the local news nublished here Al righte of publication of special dispatches herein ate reserved The Farmers’ Problem. nization and co-operation, the zreat factors in the upward rush-of industry and labor in the United States, are urged as the remedies for the ills of the farmers of the country by former Gov. Frank O. Lowden of Illinois. Gov. Lowden is himself a farmer. He has given the agricul tural problem close study. His ad- dress delivered before the Bureau of Advertising of the American News- paper Publishers’ Association may be regarded as singularly authoritative. In that address Gov. Lowden pictured the distressed condition of the farm- a condition which has existed for vears, he insisted, and still continues, despite widely- published reports to the contrary An intelligent readjustment must be brought about, so that the farmer may obtain fair-prices for his produce and his labor. The alternative is a shrinkage of producing farm area and of farm products, until the consumers feel the tremendous pinch of food shortage and shortage of fabrics for their clothing. The huge increase in the cost of living through such hap- hazard, though inevitable, readjust- ment would put the consuming public in the position which has been occu- pied by the farmers. Why, Gov. Low- den demanded in effect, Should Amer- ican intelligence and American genius not be exerted to solve the problem? Especially as organization and quan- tity production and co-operation have heen theé fields in which American genius has shown so greatly to ad- vantage. Gov. Lowden does not complain of { the law of supply and demand. With an Intensive organization of the farm- ers he does mot expect the law of supply and:demand to cease to oper- ate. ‘What he does expect is that the | law of supply and demand will be made to serve both farmer and:con- sumer -Intefligently; that there will be an adjustment of the supply to the - actual ‘deniand. © Under " present con- | ditlons, the’ co-operation in organiza- tion is-too:strongly found on the pur- chasing side and too little on the: pro ducing side, of the agricultural indus- try. The unorganized farmer, like the unorganized laborer formerly, has been unable to ‘meet with success the conditions which have confronted him., The agricultural industry is out of gear with the other great basic indus- tries- of the country. The adjust- mént, Gov. Lowden pointed out, so | that all may work In gear, is essen- tial to the successful operation of the entire social and economic structure. Under present-day conditions of agri- | culture, a bumper crop may bring no | more money than'a small crop. This, | Gov. Lowden said, is entirely’ wrong. As he. pointed out, there has never | vet been too much food and tao much | clothing in the world for all the peo- ple. And the less food and clothing there is produted, the more suffering. With the proper. co-operation and or- zanization of the farmers the farmer may - distribute his crop properly in- stead of dumping it on the market; along with the crops-of his fellows, all within a few weeks’ time. He may obtain -in this way a better and a fairer price. The appeal of Gov. Lowden is to the farmers of the country themselves, very largely, to organize. With intel- ligent leadership, the farmers them-| The | selves can solve this problem. Government, .of course,, may a&id through wise statutes. Federal co- operative marketing laws are being urged.as.an aid to the farmer. But 50 far’ the farmérs themseélves have heen widely divided on such legisla-i tion." There are certain selfish inter- ests, as Gov. Lowden pointed out, which fear that the. successful zanization of the farmers may resuit reduction of gains of these inter- ests. They are, moreover, -powerful and active, and they see the advisa- bility of keeping the farmers divided.. That {8 one of the reasons, perhaps, why Federal legislation looking to co- operative marketing has met so many stumbling blocks. — ey or- The former Kaiser of Germany, while a failure as political autocrat, still” commands®a certain ‘degrée of respect as a discréet investor. ———— Oklahoma Rush Celebration. _ At Oklahoma City the thirtysixth anniversary of the first “rush” to make -settlement_ on the lands which are the site of and which lie for many miles around the capital city, of the State of Oklahoma has just beer cele brated. Many States have historic and dramatic settlement -anniversa- ries, but ‘Oklahoma is exceptional -in that its settlement was by a “rush” in 1889, which has been set down ameng the unusual events in Amer- ican ‘history. The old States may celebrate their settlement by men and women who came over the sea in litte ships, and many of the younger States owed their settlement to steady streams of immigration from the older colonies and States. Ia-the Oklahoma rush of 1589§gere -wete nb “crucial” moments. Llook nufin’ ke a halo t ___________THE EVENING STAR, 100,000 settiers, hefa at the " border oof the promised land by United States eavalry, ‘rushed,” at a sig- nal from cracking carbines, to home- stead land from ‘which white *set- tlers had been long excluded. On March 2, 1889, Congréss passed an acl to permit. white settlement on a por- tion of the unassigned Indian land in what is now the central part of Okla- homa. President Harrison proclaimed that no -white person should enter that part of Indian Territory until noon April 22, 1889, Troops of cav- alry were stationed along the border of the land to be.opened to settle- ment under thé ~ homestead Liws. Thousands of men, many with fam- ilies, took position at the border, and tent and shack towns arose. With wagons loaded and teams hitched, the “rush” began when carbine firing an- nounced noon. The Territory of Oklahoma was created by Congress in 1890 dnd the Territory of Okiahoma and Indian Territory were proclaimed the forty- sixth State of the Union by President Roosevelt November 16, 1907. Be- tween the -establishment of the Terri- tory ‘and its admission as a State other Indian lands were opened to home- stead settlement in 1391, 1892, 1893, 1901 and 1906. Men and women who took part in the first “rush” were conspicuous in the celebration of the | anniversary and vehicles of 1889 had | vlaces’in the procession. it Sea Tragedies. A tradition of the sea . that goes back to the early days of navigation is that when a .ship is in distress every possible effort must bBe made to save her or to rescue her company. No matter how large the ¢raft that gets word of the danger of another, | ar how .important her cargo, or how distinguished her company, ‘or how urgent her need of speed in making port, she must go to the rescue and must stand, by as long as there is a_possibility of saving life. That is the unwritten law of the sea. The other day the Japanese steamer | Raifuku Maru sent out a signal that she was sinking in a storm. The) steamer Homeric was nearest and went to the rescue. The crippled ship | sank with all on ‘board. On reaching | port passengers of the Homeric de- clared that her commander had mot | madé the utmost efforts to rescue the crew of the Raifuku Maru. The captain asserted that nothing was omitted that could be done, that the ship could not be approached close enough to effect the rescue of the Japanese steamer on account of the height of the seas. Despite the use of oil to still the waves, the Homeric was helpless to render 4id. Small boats could not be used. Passengers assert that men could be seen struggling in the water after the ship sank and that in their opinion they could have been saved, but that within seven minutes after the dis- appearance of the Raifuku Maru the Homieric turned and speeded for port. The natural impulse of the passen- gers on the Homeric was.one of in-| tense sympathy for the ynfortunates on the Raifuku Maru. But there is no teasom to question thé’ judgmént or ‘the action of the Hom¥ric's com- mander, which is sustaiired by state- ments made by other passengers than those: who now wvoice their criticism. His first responsibllity was for the safety of his own ship and.company. A close approach to the sinking ship in a rough sea would hatve been high- ly dangerous. - The only question is whether .small boats could’ havé been | used and also whether there were peo- | ple In the water awaiting rescue when | the - Homerie - turned -for - port. . The | captain says’ there were no living | persens in sight. - Some of the passen- | gers say that there were.. The. cap- | tain believes his critics mistaken; that they -Were misled by floating - wreck- These controversies are frequent, They occur in practically-every. case | of marine disastér. Memory is still | vivid of the protracted dispute over the sinking of the Titanic. Rarély, hdweyer, is there proof or substantial | sround: for ‘belief that the command- ers -ofships are untrue to the funda- mental tradition of the sea that re- quires them to do everything hu- manly possiblé for the succor of un- fortunate fellow voyagers. | i e rem Hindenburg's political boom is said to be declining. This fact may be lucky ‘for him in-:the long run. The. fact that he was able to develop any boom-at all is a sufficient - compli- ment - . . Eurape might have made miore of an impression on the thought of this country if it -had developed base ball players equal in. technique to Gérman musicians and Rissian dancers, ————— 7 President Coolldge tossed ‘the ball to the pitcher and the game proceeded. It was a little like throwing a veto into Congress with as few words as possible. < B Out in Front. As @ ball game yesterday's perform. ance at Griffith ‘Stadium was not | much, As & contribution to Wash. | ington’s season’s success in maintain- ing. the:champfonship it was unalloy- ed joy for the tens of thousands who attended and all the other memibers of’ the community who could not find accommodations- there. - It was a pro- cession -from practically the first in- ning.. With_the erstwhile formidable Yankees - failing - hopelessly. The “Ruthless”"team from Gotham looked like a second division aggregation. But then so mueh depends on the pitching, and yesterday.the pitching Lonors were all with the Nationals. It is an old: saying iri‘base balil. that when the pitehing is good the whele team Jooks like a million dollars, and, on the other hand, when the pitching is bad the team looks like a plugged nickel, Yesterday it was a. case of thie phlegmatic,” effieient ‘Mr, Johnson against the tempeéramental and er- ratic Mr. Shocker, the former in the best. of .shape and the latter in ques- tionable form. 3 There was-not much for the crowd to_cheer at, save for, the cumulative | be much higher. | the ordinary run of men. effects of eonsistenit batting and" good fielding by the home representatives. » There were no sensaticnal episodes. There was nothing to hold a crowd to the last moment, and by the begin- ning of the eighth inning enough peo- ple, surfeited with success, had left the park to have filled the stands of a decade ago. Still, far be it from Washington to eomplain of yesterday's performance at the ball park. It was wholly satis- factory in its results and in its indica- tion that the team' that won the pen- nant and the world championship last Fall is even stronger than then and is filled with the same fighting spirit that brought those honors to the Cap- ital City. e Test of Library Workers. Intelligence tests of employes of the Washington Public Library by the In- stitute for Government Research give them a high rating. "Any one having business with the library knows that the competence of workers there is of high degree, but it is gratifying to have public confirmation of the fact from the Institute of Government Re- search. - In the corps of .the library workers are many boys and girls and the age average must be consid- erably lower than that of the bodies of men with which they are compared. The tests give the library workers an average score of 144, while substan- tially the same tests applied to about a million and a half white men of military age during the late war gave an average score of 63. The intelli- gence tést system, the basis of which is the Army alpha test, takes little ac- count of schooling, its object being to determine how promptly and ac- curately the person examined grasps and executes given problems. The devoted and industrious workers in our only public circulating library have .made a fine showing In intelli- gence ‘and fitness for their positions, and if the pay of these workers were proportioned to their worth it would 1t would be gratify- ing to the people of Washington if our legislators in appropriating for public library salaries should bear in mind, or should be reminded, that these public servants require for their duties adequate sohooling and tech- nical training and that they are of far higher average intelligence than —————— George W. Evans. George Whitfleld Evans, whose death occurred - yesterday, was one of the most active of Washington's citizens in civic movements and or- | ganization work. :Capt. Evans held | the/ remarkable record of very nearly | 60 years of continuous service in the | Government, having been named to his fitst Federal position as an office | boy by President Lincoln. For 40 years he was until is retirement chief disbursing officer of the Interior De- partment. Retirement from public duty, however, did not lessen his zeal | in the interest of public welfare, and he contihued ‘until his last illness.in faithful membership of numerous or- ganizations. In his civie service Capt. Evans strove always for the develop- ment and adyancement of the Na- tional_ Capital, vigorously defending its rights with an intelligent grasp of local issues. The close of his re- ‘markable career 15'a cause of sincere | régret to the’ community of Which he was so useful a member. i The base ball season is under way. The great American public declines to permit world agitations to disturb its enthusstic regard for a sport dis- tinctively its own. . The pastime serves ‘not only fo pefmit expression of popular enthusiasm, but to indicate a national, spirit of conservatism. N ‘Germany’ has provided an object lesson ~ which . should - be - of world benefit ‘In showing the absurd extreme to.which paper.money may be carried. . - SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, Where They. Are. Where are - the- banker—the " chant—the clerk ‘Who once were engaged in such ar- duous work That they often complained of the wearisome day Which left them no leisure to shout or to play? Where are the strugglers for fortune or fame? They have gone to the game! " have gone to the game! mer- They Where are the trifles that used to annoy? Where are the shadows that darkened each joy? They are left far behind in a corner 80 -smail, While™ their owners forget they ex- isted at all. You hear Old Man Trouble; so lonely, _ exclaim, “They have gone to the game! They | have gone to the game."” Good Thing Al Around. “What do you think of prohibition?" “It's & good thing morally for this Nation,” answered Senator’ Sorghum, “and a good thing financially for for- eigners.” Economy. In blankets, in that ancient day, They tossed the: author of a play Which failed the proper mood to touch— 3 . But blankets now are worth t6o much. Jud Tunkins says the fashions arc short skirts for women and short pocketbooks for men. / “Who is your favorite author?” ““The lady who gives advice on the management of . other .people’s love affairs,” answered Miss Cavenne. “Would you classify her literature as humor or pathos?” “Humor.. . Intentional pathos is nearly always unconscious Bumor.” Nature’s Injustice. The frost has put us to the bad. - The-useléss things unduly thrive. The. fruit_crop .is a failure sad. The dandelions all survive. “A woman is an angel,” said Uncle Eben, "“but dese. new-style hats den't | justified by- the- ‘Why has our National Zoological Park no.giraffe? Who is to blame for this sorry state of_things? The answer to the first question is that the Zoo authorities have no ap- propriation with which to buy one of these tallest of mammals. The answer to the second is that Congress is to blame. Congress, children, is responsible for your being unable to view a delight- ful old giraffe every time you journey out. to our otherwise very fine animal collection. The Congress has so many bureaus to appropriate for that to date it has, never gathered up enough courage to donate $5,000 or more for the pur- chase of one of the long-necked fel- lows. So the children of Washington to- day are unable to have this pet just as the children of past days never saw one of them at the National Zoo- logical Park. That is the astounding thing, that the fine big Zoo of which we all are $0 proud has never had a giraffe, even a short one of, say, 12 feet high! What. never? No, never! The price of a giraffe has always been so ‘“steep” that the authorities of the park have never felt themselves able to afford one. Now isn't that a shame, children, “a dirty shame,” as the old folk song has it? It certainly is, and I, for one, cen- sure Congress severely for this neg- lect. Congress, old tops, you ought to be heartily ashamed of yourself, gnd hang yeur composite head, at various angles, as you. contemplate a glraffe- less Zoo. * ok o & Think of the little children of Wash- ington, all the sweet little girls, the small boys, who have never so much as_seen camelopard! Yet no animal is dearer to the heart of childhood than this. Its tall neck shines forth from every set of bufld- Ing blocks and from every picture book. “G s for Giraffe” has burned its way iffto the conscience of everv child in the world, except a certain number. And would you know what children they were? They were the children who today are members of the House of Repre- sentatives and the United States Sen- ate! In their childhood these un- fortunate men never learned “G is for Giraffe.” They must have gone around with pebbles in their mouths, emulating Demosthenes, who tried out his speeches on the waves of the sea- 1y, . ehore. Su if they, as children, had ever said is for Giraffe” at their moth- er's knee, it would not he necessar: today to remind them that the N tional Zoological Park has no real, live giraffe for the children to love. No. siree, those Representatives and Senators would have had a . big giraffe, at least 18 feet tall, stretching his majestic neck at the Zoo Park, years ago, if they had wanted one as children. Wherefore, children, pérhaps we should feel sorry for the big men up on Capitol Hill, who are so busy Wwith many investigations that they have not investigated the sad giraffe- less state of the Zoo. Perhaps we should only ask the members of the House and Sen- ate appoint a joint congressional committee to investigate the necessi- ty-for a giraffe. Such an honorary body, methinks, would” soon come to the following conclusion: “That the Congress of the United ~“WASHINGTON, "D - C, THURSDAY; - THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. that | States is negligent of its solemn duty in falling to provide a giraffe for the National Zoological Park in the Fed- eral City of Washington, District of Columbia. “That every child ought to have a chance to verify, in actuality, the as- tounding neck of Giraffa camelopai- dalis, a type of a family of ruminants, Giraffidae. . “That this joint congressional com- mittee on the necessity for a giraffe at the National Zoological Park do hereby recommend to the said Con- gress the purchase of a splendid specimen of said Giraffa camelopar- dalls. “That this committee do also rec- ommend that said specimen be no whit less than 18 feet high, including the very necessary neck of same. “That the Congress do immediately appropriate a minimum sum of $5,000, or 80 much more as shall be neces- sary, so that the authorities of the park may purchase a giraffe, techni- cally known as Giraffa camelopardd- lis, a type of the family of ruminants known' as Giraffidae.” * ok o* % chilren, how do you There, that? Acting Supt. Baker would be rather glad to see something similar to that in the news columns of The Star some fine day. The superintendent knows that it makes no particular difference who s head of the animal park, but that it does whether the Zoo has a good lion or not. Superintendents come and superin- tendents go—especially recently—but the llons and tigers and bears an’ everything go on forever, or ought to. at least. The children do not come | park to see the superintendent. Mr. Baker. He knows. They come to see the animals, the | furred brothers of forest, the feath- | ered cousin of air. They come to see all these strange creatures which an Infinite God has placed here in the same world with the rest of us, dumb brothers of Life, holding in their mysterious hearts the same vital spark with us who go on two legs instead of four. And the children find that the Zoo preaches a finer, more silent sermon than many preachers, for dafly, hour- ly, it sets forth to them, although théy know it not, the old truth, that the dear God’ who made us also made ihe animals, the birds, the fishes, even the snakes. | So, it seems to me, they deserve a | irafre. Surely the National Zoological Park, | one of the very finest in the country. ;lncnted at the great seat of national | Government, ought to have a giraffe. | Af it Is only a matter of a few thousand dollars, that is no reason at’ alll What is $5,000, $10.000, to Uncle Sam, the possessor of billions? ‘Why, it is not Sam as a “penny,’ as ‘a mill, that of a cent. Uncle Sam could give the people of Washington, and so the people of the Nation, the finest giraffe in captivity, and never miss the money. Uncle Sam is going to do it, too, some day. 1 am optimistic about that. In the name of all the chiidren, 1 rise @p on my hind legs and demand that Congress give us a giraffe. We kids want (o see one of the high fellows browsing with his pre- { hensile tongue among the leaves of trees, eating his dinner off a shelf, as it were. We want to see him amble faster than a horse, and kick the stuffings out of a lion with his strong, hind legs. We want a giraffe! like to the Ask not even so much theoretical division Segregated Crime News Is Under Fire in Papers The movement to segregate crime news by a number of newspapers throughout the country has brought forth many different viewpoints from the American editors. However, it is not considered effective as a means of uppressing crime by the majority 6f the editors. . “The attempt to make ostriches out of American newspapers and, inciden: tally, their readers, by segregation of cfime news,-has a poor chance to be- come a settled policy,™ declares the Burlington Gazette. ‘‘News is_infor- mation about the unusual. Crime is unusual, so it is news, and newspaper readers subscribe for papers that’ carry the news. This is the judgment and opinion of those engaged in the newspaper business and in-a position to_know whereof they speak.” Discussing the action of the Des Moines Register, which, in compliance with_the wishes ‘of’ wornen's clubs of the Towa capital,” is printing crime news on an inside page, the Los An- .| geles Express doesn’t see ‘““where there is any ‘uplift’ in the idea, in what way it may be expected to improve morals or do any good to individuals or the public in general.” The Omaha World- Herald thinks the rarguments for printing crime and the results of crime will continue to be urged as good public poliey.” The World-Herald observes: ‘To suppress crime news many believe would be disastrous. To, give it a place in the news of the day and not a distorted importance would seem to be the duty of every newspa- per. But publicity of crime, its results and penalties, is necessary for the pro- tection of society itself.” * ¥ %k ¥ “Righteousness. niot only gets its character from sin, but it draws its lessons from it,”, says the Springfield Union. This paper. argues: “When such a fundamental principle is ap- plied to the question of what the | newspaper should do with crime news, the true answer becomes apparent. The newspaper becomes a moral agency when it publishes it as it is—a crime, an immoral act, a sin, Aumanly deplorable and abhorrent, and thereby a lesson and a warning that the way of the transgressor Is hard, that the s of sin is death, his own death ¢ his own act, his own death morally and spiritually, if not physically.” “Newspapers may devote too much space to-crime,” admits the New York Evening Post, “but to print ne crime news at all would be far worse. Prompt publicity often facilitates the capture of criminals, but even if it didn't the mews of their activities should be printed. The public is as much entitled to information of crime as of any ether happening.” % * K K K The Bellingham Herald thinks the decent newspaper does not revel in crime news, and would prefer to omit most of that variety of daily pabulum with which the public is regaled. “Nor does it ignore crime news,” says the Herald, ‘‘because it tries to be some- thing of a mirror of the day’s events, and crime just now occupies a rather high place in the public interest.”” The Herald conclud “To hide itself and disregard the evil that men do is for a newspapeér to neglect a public duty. Broadly, it would be more profitable to reform the criminals than to reform the newspapers,” . The Decatur Review does not be- lieve that leaving out all crime news will make. less crime. The Review says: “To the contrary, it i8 better to give the people as full and as true an' account of what's happening as i Dossibie, And it is impossible to sup. | press the truth or t to any great exi “The publica fool the people “of crime news is fact-that it {s matter 10 the widest current interest, and that its publication is in the interest the NashvHle Tennesseean, which says: “If crime news were suppressed it might well encourage crime. In the higher walks of society especially, the fear of publicity is greater than the fear of fine or jail sentence.” * ok x * The New Orleans Item doubts that the experiment will reveal very much. “It will assist those who wish facil ities for reading the general news without ‘wading through the crime,’ " says this paper, “but it won't decrease the number of readers who seek the crime news first. If these weré not the majority of newspaper reuders, which means the majority of every- body, the papers would- have put crime news on an inside . page or thrown it out before now.” The Christian Sclence = Monitor, whose policy it is never to print crime ne writing under the heading, “Progress in Clean Journalism,” says: “The very fact that the relation of the newspaper to crime is now recog- n(‘zed‘“ thin thbel profession as con- stituting a problem to be grappled with is in itself a sign of moral Z‘r’og res: Concluding, the Monitor de- clares: “The moral responsibility rests upon the editor. If he cannot deter- mine” for himself whether it is the part of dignified, helpful, clean jour- nalism to spread before the world day by day the disgusting or depraving detafls of crime and’scandal, he can- not.absolve himself from responsibil- ity by taking a plebiscite amang his readers on a question of pure morals.” e — Plant Dogwood, But Not in Potomac Park To the Editor of The Star: Please allow me space to commend the idea contained in a letter from Mr. E. A. Short and published in The Star for phntlnf dogwood in Potomac Park—that is, the idea of planting the dogwood, but not in Potomac Park. If it were planted in Potomgc Park would it not, in a way, com with the cherry bloséoms and, possibly, de- tract from them, so that neither would be _truly appreciated? My suggestion would be to leave the cherry blossoms supreme in Potomac Park and plant the dogwood on Co- lumbia Island. This island, to be beau- tifully landscaped in connection with the Memorial Bridge, will be a fact in a few years, with drives and winding walks. Dogwood could be -dom- inant here on - Columbia TIsland as the cherry blossoms are dominant in Potomac Park and, being separated, each would be more fully appreciated. This would give plenty of time, too, to develop a planting project and to grow the trees to a proper size before thaAy ;reh set out. nd ‘then we might devote of Anacostia Park to the flppl: ll:lfiol;ut some, another part to peaches, etc. 0. E. CAMP. ——e—s. A justice of the peace at Fairmont, Minn., favors capital punishment for bootleggers who sell to minors. Why not let. it be done by forcing them to drink their own stuff?—Minneapo- Us Journal. —r———— About all the average town-bred man knows about farming is what to do when the dinner bell rings. ~Newark Star Eagle. ————t——— A Canadian burned 10 pigs in order (to “put the devils to rdut.” Pork always he devil in govern- ment, tov.—New York. World. = ) s mueh ta Uncle | of public welfare,” is the cpinion of | APRIL 23, 1925, THE NORTH WINDOW BY LEILA MECHLIN The passing of Sargent last week was universally lamented. By his fellow members of the Royal Academy in London and the National Acsdemy in New York resolutions were framed which bespoke not merely formal re. gret, but a deep sense of loss. By the press of Great Britain, the United States and foreign countries he was acclaimed great, and by many the greatest artist of our day. And yet the probabilitics are that Sargent himself was not conscious of a sense of greatness. With him, as with others who have been likewise richly endowed with genius, what he did seemed to himself but a natural expression, and certain it is that he did not invariably satisfy himself. Many stories which his friends tell witness to this fact. It is said on good authority that, standing before one of his own works in a dealer's gallery ‘one day unnoticed, he was heard fo exclaim rather petulantly to himself: “I must learn to draw.” | When he was in this country a few years ago he went out with a number of artist friends for a day's excursion, carrying his paint box -with him. The subject he chose to picture was a boat in ‘the process of building. After painting some time he threw his canvas aside, exclaiming with evident discouragement: “I am afraid I can only paint people.” It was this ele- ment of striving, this- dissatisfaction with his best, which Kept him in the front rank of painters. Unhappy in- deed is the day when an artist be- comes self-satisfied; then progress ceases and retrogression begins. * K X ¥ To look at one of Sargent’s paint- ings one would suppose it were done with the utmost ease. In fact, so simple do many of his portraits ap- pear in the matter of execution that they inepire confidence on the part of the Tess skillful, and induce emula- tion. But success was not always at Sargent’s finger tips. He was extraordinarily nervous about paint- ing the ‘portrait of Col. Roosevelt, which was done in the White House. He knew full well that Col. Roosevelt had no great amount of time to spare and was a restless sitter. He wanted to get into his portrait something of Col. Roosevelt's dynamic nature, and, like every artist, it was most dificult for him to paint on parade—that is,. in some one else’s house, amid new surroundings, with the curious peep- ing,. as they must. \What happened was that after getting the figure weil laid in he changed it completely, cutting it off a bit, turning it ever o slightly, with the result, however, that the first effort may be seen by the close observer as a shadow on the background, a second outline, not completely obliterated. Yet the Roosevelt portrait, which hangs now in the White House, was |a much easier work and a more suc- cessful achievement than the portrait which he painted of President Wilson under strong persuasion, and, it is said, against his will. Sargent had a surprising power of what might be termed psychoanalysis, of divining the real character back of the mask. It is for this reason that his portraits are something more than mere like- nesses and will live as great works of art. But the reticent personality of President Wilson utterly baffled his power of analysis, and as a result the portrait which he painted was un- satisfactory both to himself and to the world. It is a well painted like- ness but without significance; a_life- less, impersonal representation of the man who at that time came most near to supreme importance and to wield- ing world power. If Mr. Sargent had been asked concerning his analytical ability, he would probably have answered, as did another great por- trait painter, that all he did was to paint what he saw. The fact was, however, that he saw beneath the sur- face. unless & person was worth while in the matter of character he did mot care to paint him or her. * % k x How little the world thinks to what great extent the portrait paint- er is at the mercy of his sitters. His task is not merely to satisfy him- self and perchance one other, but {on the one hand he must meet the irequirements of those who regard {all paintings primarily as works of {art—his fellow artists and art con- { noisseurs—and on the other hand he must gratify the person whose par- trait he paints and satisfy the long troupe of relatives and friends who will be invited to act as jury. This, it would rightly seem. to be almost an impossible task. There is a pop- ular story told of a man who com- trait he had painted for him of his wife was not a good likeness, to which Mr. Sargent is said to have replied, that a hundred years hence no one would know whether it was a good likeness or mot, but those who were sufficiently instructed would accurately judge whether it were or were not a worthy work of art. This Is worth remembering. N But, as many know, Mr. Sargent's portraits were, as a rule, admirable likenesses. When the great exhibi- tion of his paintings was held in Boston years ago, included in the catalogue was the portrait of Mr. John Hay, who was at that time Secretary, of State. It so happened that Mr. Hay was in Boston, and as he walked on one of that city's great thoroughfares he noticed two young girls approaching him from the op- posite direction. As they passed one looked up. glanced at his face, clutched the other by the arm and exclaimed audibly, with evident shock of surprise, “Why there is Mr. Sar- gent's portrait!” Meeting the original was like discovering the- portrait come to life. Just so might one of us exclaim today, meeting face to face the flesh-and-blood original of one of Rembrandt’s or Raeburn's great portrait works. To no painter could a greater compliment have been paid. As some one once said, it has always been as possible to disagree about the personality of Sargent’'s portraits as about the in- dividuals themselves. When Gen. Leonard Wood's portrait was first painted by Mr. Sargent and placed on view in the Corcoran Gallery of Art there was great discussion as to whether Mr. Sargent had portrayed him as his friends knew him or as his enemies belleved him to be. * kK ok Mr. Sargent grew up in an artistic environment. He loved beauty. He was not only a great painter, but a skilled musician, a planist of consid- erable attainment. No doubt he loved pictures and that to do one or the other was as natural to him as life itself. He had great resources and for this reason he found his pleasures in his own world, and the things of the spirit. One can readily imagine his marveling, not that he did so well but that others did so poorly. Visit- ing an artist's home on the North Shore of Massachusetts one Summer, he was taken into the studio and shown by his friend, most enthusias- tically, a new, scientific process, a color wheel, by which one could ac- curately ascertain a tone scale, as- suring harmony of color scheme. ‘With the utmost patience he examin- ed it and listened to the explanation, but when it was done he exclaimed with evident bewilderment: “Very in- teresting, of course, but man, why don’t you just paint what ¥ou see?” And there it was—Sargent had the God-given ability to see correctly and it was his great delight to paint what he saw, not to copy nature but to interpret it In his own terms in such a ley as to make its beauty manifest to all and nent. p‘n:l. e But what a record of joyous holl- He had keen perception, and ! plained to Mr. Sargent that the por-4 to make music as he loved to paint| Q. Is it sunrise when the first line of light appears or must the full orb be seen?—M. L. N. A. It is sunrise when the upper edge or limbo of the true sun, as corrected for refraction, is in contact with the sensible horizon of a place. Q. Why don't foreign students take high honors in American colleges?— N. H. W. A. No definite answer can be given The conjecture s made, however, that, owing to the great handicap foreigners have in adapting them- selves to our customs and language, they seldom receive the highest hon- ars in competition with American- born students. Q. Where does golden seal grow?— G ‘Golden seal is grown from south- A, ern New York and Ontario west to Minnesota and south to Georgia and Kentucky. plant. Q. On the Mormon Temple at Sait Lake City there is a statue of Brig- ham Young; also there is one of him on Temple street. Both statues are pointing in the same direction. Why?—L H. P. _A. The Chamber of Commerce of Salt Lake City says the statues are significant of the occasion upon which he said,"“This is the place.” Golden seal is a drug Q. If, after a bill has passed both houses of Congress and has gone to the President, Congress desires to re- call it, can this be done?—F. L. A. A Dbill which has reached the President may only be recalled by concurrent action of the two houses Should one of the houses improperly. request the return of a bill the Presi- dent should refuse to return it. The form used is as follows: Resolved by the House of Represeptatives (the Senate concurring), That the Presi- dent be requested to return to the House of Representatives the bill (H. R. ) (title). After the concur- rent resolution passes both houses it is formally transmitted to the White House. Q. What percentage of fat is con- tained in peanuts?’—R. S. P. A. They contain 48 per cent sweet oil or fat and 28 per cent protein or albumen. Q. Is there anything that will poison California lizards?—F. S. N. A. The Biological Survey says that lizards native to the State of Cali- fornia cannot be poisoned successfully because of the fact that they live on live food. However, the use of cer- tain sprays has proved effectiye. Q. What is included in the End"” of London? T. A “West The “East End” ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN that part of London just west of Portland place and Regent street, in cluding the fashionable shopping dis- trict and the aristocratic residence séctions of Belgravia and Mayfair. The East End comprises roughly the portion east of a line joining Joxton and Peckham Rye. It is the industrial and shipping district, {s densely popu- lated and includes most of the poor- est districts. Q. How many art galleries there in the United States”—S. S. P. A. The American Art Annual Nsts 155 art galleries in this eountry. Q. Do lightning rods ever need at- tention>—R. N. A. They should be Inspectéd occa- sionally, probably each Spring, to see that they are securely fastened and safely Insulated. Few buildings hav- ing lightning rods are damaged by electrical storms, Q. In what cities does the Inter- national Federation of University ‘Women have clubhcuses?—F. O. W. A. It has clubhouses in Washing- ton, D. €.; London, Paris and Brus- sels. Q. Were Puliman sleepers ever painted any color other. than green?”- W.T. K A. It has been only since 1900 that they have been green. Before that time Pullmans were a rich chocolate brown. Q. I have a diary 100 vears old, which records weather conditions at that time. Are there apy older rec- ords of the sort”—J. R. D A. The Weather Bureau says that it is in possession of weather notes covering periods of 150 years or mere. Q. How mgny newspapers and magazines did Lord Northcliffe pub- lish?—G. M. . * PE A. Altogether Lerd Northeliffe pub- lished more than 100 different publi- cations. = Q. How did Wi name’—J. E. M. A. Wisconsin derived its name from the principal river, named Masconsin by Pere Marquette, translated wild, rushing channel. The present spell- ing is derived from a misprint All early French documents have Ouis- consing or Misconsing. consin fts get (To know where to find information lon a subject is, according to Boswell, as true knowledge as to know the sub |ject itself. Perhaps “your drop of ink falling on @ thought will make a thousand think™ Submit your perplez- ing questions to The Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Twenty-first and C streets northwes! |Kend 2 cents in stamps for a direct A. The West End of London is The Buigarian assassins who at- tacked King Boris after having kill- ed Gen. Georghieff were deliberate in their baiting of the Cathedral Sveta Nadalia of Sofia, where they | counted upon the attraction therein of most of the high officials of gov- {ernment to attend the funeral of Georghieff. The fiendish plot worked the cathedral destroyed more than 150 victims and wounded two cabinet officials, several generals and other high officials. Many more will yet die of their injuries. The ringleaders of the plot have been killed by the police, some 500 others suspected of being implicated have been executed and 10,000 have been arrested. Martial law is declared. Since the entire pop- ulation of Bulgaria is less than eight times that of the District of Colum- bta, the extent of the horror may be imagined. The seriousness of the outrage, how ever, cannot be understood as that of a mere Bulgarian demonstration against the government; it is now known to be a bolshevist plot to demoralize the country, destray its government and set up a Soviet re- public—a_step in the overturning of civilization throughout the world. Bulgaria was selected for- this initial step because of its own weakness, the communistic customs of its peas- antry. In 1923 the bolsheviki called for a simultaneous uprising of Communists throughout the world, but that was too widespread an effort, and it failed. Now the tactics will attempt to start anarchy in one or two places, from which- it may spread. Bulgaria was the first. While the plot is traced to the Third Internationale, with head- quarters in Russia, the active lead- {ers and tools of the massacre were themselves Bulgarians in sympathy with - the Soviet movement. - P The general character of the Bul- garians was described in the Nine- teenth Century Magazine, in 1913, by Capt. Trapman, as follows: “Tippoo Sahib, Nero, Robespierre, Catharine of Russia and the Borgias were but mildly oppressive and un- Xkind as compared with the lustful Ferdinand of Bulgaria. Other writers take a milder tone and commend the record of progress made since Bulgaria's independence in 1878 from the rule of the Turk. Leland Buxton, an_English writer, says in his book, “The Black Sheep of the Balkans”: “The political institutions of Bul- garia are genuinely democratic, and are free from racial or religious dis- crimination. This has 'not hitherto been the case in any other of the Balkan states. * * * In Bulgaria, as in-Serbia, there are still survivals | { clan lived on one farm and cubti- vated it on communistic lines, the property descending to the fanmily group as a whole, and the community being usually governed by a grand- father or grandmother of mast of its members. . Recent legislation has tended to promote individual tenure ard with the disappearance of -the family community there has been a striking development of co-operative societies. “The Bulgarians, sinde their libera- . days, of love of nature and the out- door world is to be found in his water colors, the largest collection of which is probably today owned by the Brook- Iyn Institute. In this one gets glimpses of Venice, of the villas around Flor- ence, of places in southern Italy and on the Riviera, the wind-swept heights in Switzerland and in our own Cana- dlar Rockies—pictures painted with a |* full brush, in luscious color and with an abandon of delight in expression which is unmistakable. One in par- ticular recurs again and again to re- membrance—a picture in which fresh- ly washed white linen or muslin gar- ments fluttering in the breeze and bril. llant light on tightly strung clothe: lines are the chief features. What a commonplace subject and yet how beautiful in transcription. ing this picture no one could ever look at a full clothesline under like condi- tions, with sunjight and breezy flutter, without a thrill 6f delight. It takes great genius to see beauty thus in the commonplace and to make it patent to all. Yet, when Sargent painted these drying clothes it was certainly not with the thought of posterity, or of enlightening- fellow travelers, ‘but with the most Trank desire for'es- thetic’ enjoyment. First and always Sargent was a great actist. BACKGROUND OF EVENT BY PAUL ¥. COLLIN well, for the bomb explosion within | brutes who wear the uniform of King of the.clan or patriarchal system. The After see-. reply.) tion, have jealously guarded ' the rights of the rural and urban com munes, the smallest of administra tive units, which enjoy a large {amount of autonomy and own about la quarter of the land. These com- {munities are progressive institutions |and reflect the Bulgarian passion for { education.” * % % | 1t is declared that gince her libe |ation Bulgaria las -made gre |progress than has any other |state, and has thereby aroused J ousy of all her nejghbors, making er | the “black- sheep™ of - the Bafkahs | “Buigatia is now in a more friend |less and hopeless position,” “writ | Leland . Buxton, “than any otheér of | the states who were lately our ene | mles. In France, the chief eneniv of | Germany, there is a strong minority, which may soon become a majority in favor of a policy of conefliation toward the beaten foe. In Greece, the | chief enemy of Bulgaria, there is no “Buch party, and it will be long before | the Greeks reach the stage of civili- zation at which a conciliatory n | ment becomes important -and wide- | spread as it js teday” in Great .t | ain, France and Italy: amd wherea | Western Europe racial antagonism is | rapidly giving w fo class anl { nism, in the Balkans it may bé a cen | tury before this takes place. Bu - 1Tia, moreover, can hope for very lit | consideration from the League of Na {itions.". s he writer enlarges. upon, the =t between the League of Nations Bulgaria—a fact which, together wit | Bulgaria's own communistic habits and clannish-institutions,- may be can- tributing _ Influences driving the masses toward Soviet Russta rather than toward Western ailiances Un- {der the terms of th& Versailles treaty, | Bulgaria, an enemy ofj the allies dur- ing the World War, was the- only state in the Balkans which was lim- ited in its army. She is, therefore, at the mercy of the League of Nati or the powers controlling the le: for her self-defense, and toda pleading for permission to inc her army by 5,000 in view of the dis- orders within her domain. That those disorders may be enhanced by the in- teréstk of her neighbors—Macedonia @reécey Serbia and Rumania, Turkey 1 | in-Furope—as well as by bolshevik Russig, is an argument which the leggue will consider. &7 S The leaders of the two parties in opposition to the government have issued declarations which are signifi- cant. Pashukoff, a Socialist, says “The plan was not solely directed against the present government, but against all Bulgarian authorities, who were to be disorganized and annihi- lated in order to facilitate a proclama- tion of a Soviet republic or a state of affairs leading to it. * * The isolation of” Bulgaria and hostility European opinfon toward Bulg: contribute greatly to tempting garians to support efforts at Moscow to create a new state of affairs in the Balkans. If European democracy and public opinion would lend their aid to Bulgaria, great good would be done and_props which, support bolshevism would gradually fall awa - Malinoff, leader of the Democrats, says: “The cathedfal outrage was not an isolated crfmihal act. * * ¢ One sees there is an organization directing these attacks with the object of pro- voking revolution. * * * All good Bulgarian patriots will assist the gov- ernment in the task of safeguarding the’country and conquering all assail- ants wherever they come from. There can.be no gurrender because, however strong the’-struggle is between the different parties, t will unite to In the light ‘6f-the indisputable dis- closure of the bolshevik part in the Bulgarian outrage, it is significant to read the following dispatch from Lon- don to the New York Times, concern- ing the United States: .. “The. International Workers' Relief, @as well-as the .Friénds of Russia S clety, in the United States; the Miners Relief, the International Class War Prisoners’ Aid, and several other or- ganizations,- -are - nothing else but branches of the Mopr Society for the relief of distressed revolutionaries abroad, which is a section of the Third Internationale in Moscow. “The. International Trade Union Federation in Amsterdam has publicly proclaimed., that the International Workers' ief is absolutely subardi- nated tathe Cotymunist Internationale, , and .it -was depeunced in the United - he ;Mine Workers of ,» by Paunl V. CoMink.)