Evening Star Newspaper, April 14, 1925, Page 6

6 THE EVENING ‘With Sunday Mo STAR ning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY........April 14, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star News| Busin 11th St ar Wew York Office Chicaro Of Buropean Office 3 per Company daily only inday only. 20 cents ay he sent by mail or Collection is made month per mouth. Or telephone Main carrier at Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday 1yr, S840 1m Daily only 111 ¥l S6.000 1 Sunday only . ¥ri 32401 1 mo o > B0 All Other States. $10.00 1mo. 8§ 1 mo 1mo Daily only Sunday only Member of the Associated Press. No Compulsory Arbitration. 2 Kansas rendered In its de g the Court of Industrial Relations, rt de; ory arbitra- is unconstitu ab- that any 1 tion of tional. lished t signed ment of thority h result of a ings th the highest settled in the tance of this decisi beyond tribun: Compulsory orm of ¢ labor quest The State afford al Kansas court was tute. = Tt de- me sp stioned, of jud question was settle- Its nd as a to a ns of labor disputes. au- ser ial proceed- 1s cached | and negative. T now court has heen e impor- n is farreaching, the fate of the Kansas arbitration, says the ringement of the liberty of contract and the rights of property g the “due process ¢ the four- teenth arbitration through the an established court, declares the court, is Supreme Court, is an i eed by mendment. Such ency of intended sustained, would and the employes business n terms that not of their making. It would constrain them not merely to respect the terms if they continue the business, but would constrain them to continue the business on those terms In other word: of the Supreme Court, the final arbitra- tion requires individual, whether to compel compel the to continue the and, if owner are in the view which compulsory becomes udgment, the employer or emplove, to do business regardless of whether it is profitable Such be sustained under the Cons This decision puts an end to all plans for the definite and automatic settlement of labor disputes, even in cases where public welfare is vitally affected, as in the production of the necessities of life. The course of labor dispute settle ments in the future will necessarily be affected by this ruling. Both labor and capital, to employ the general terms defining the two fundamentel elements the al 2auation, desire some method of insurins ¢m ployment and production. It is equs 1y to the interest of each that worl should continue. Labor needs w. and capital service. The flict between them is more elemental and inevitable. Just how it can be adjusted to secure a mavi- mum of both wages and production is the problem that evidently, from this decision, be solved b compulsory arbitration. The strike is the weapon of labor. The shut-oat is the weapon of capital. A community of interests com- mands continuance of work. Public interests demand continuance. That side which causes cessation of pro- duction, in demand for more wages or in resistance of such demand, as- sumes responsibility to the puble. In the final is the puilic judg ment will determ; No compulsios can be applied by law. —— e a system cannot tution. the in indus! os con- jes: needs cannot anal Canada will permit orators to speak when they are rejected by this coun- try, but she will probably grow too tired of them to guarantee large au- diences. N Von Hindenburg’s political friends regard him n who has had so much trouble that a little more would not matter. am ————— Many economies are possible that are now neglected the American people; among them an economy of time in Congres by S ! Giving the Melting Pot Time. America, the melting pot, is to have an opportunity to catch up with its job of fusing into American citi- zens the thousands of foreigners who come, and who have come, to these hospitable Under the operation of the new law, which be- came effective July 1 last, the cur- tailment of immigration has been marked, according to an analysis of the figures made by the National In- dustrial Conference Board. In the first six months of the law’s opera~ tion, July 1, 1924, to January 1, 1925, the total net increase in population through immigration was only 104,- 875. If this figure is doubled, to in- dicate the increase for the entire year, the net increase would be 208,- 705, which is a tremendous drop, as compared to former years. Compare it, for example, to the net increase in population through immigration of more than 800,000 in 1910, and of 1913 and 1914, when the figures ran practically as high. The net increase through immigration tion during a given emigration of aliens. six months of 1924 the emigration of allens from the Eastern Hemisphere, which means Europe in great part, has been larse. The total number of immigrants from the Eastern Hemi- sphere was 79,741, and the emigrants shores. in population is the immigra- period less the During the last increase in population through im- migration came into this country from the Western Hemisphere by way of Canada and Mexico, the an- alysis of the board shows. The num- ber of immigrants was $8,948, and the number of emigrants 6,848, leav- ing §2,050 as a balance in increased population. Canada and Mexico, it appears, are becoming the chief sources of the foreign labor supply of this country. Organized labor in the United States has been strongly favorable to restricted immigration, and the Republicans during the last campa articular stress upon the newly enacted quota law cutting down immigration in their appeal to labor. The immigration laws, in point of protection to American labor, are comparable to the tariff laws enacted for the protection of American manu- facturers and other producers. The new law, it appears, has ma- terially reduced immigration, as com- pared with that of the six months July to January, 1923, when the net increase in population was 483,719. The population of the United States has been built up by immigration. Its increase has been astounding. In the 105 years from 1820 to 1924, in- e, the number of immigrants admitted from all countries was 35,074,703 There is still room within the borders of the country for a very great increase in population. But the people and the Congress have deemed it wise to call a halt on the influx of in a measure, to make immigration selective rather than wholesale, so that the new arrivals may have opportunity to become Americanized, instead of building up great bodies of people of foreign origin and foreign customs here. r——— The New Ownership. In his speech before the first “in- dustrial round table” conference of the National Civie Federation in New York the other day, Secretary Hoover visualized a new relationship in the whole setting of industry as in pros- pect. The ownership of utilities and large manufactures, he said, have been largely divorced from manage- ment in being diffused among millions of stockholders, none able to dictate policy. Some of the largest financial and in- dustrial corporations of this country have during the past few years been pursuing the policy of spreading ownership over a wide area. Stock has been offered to the “public” on at- tractive terms for investment and has been bought freely, with the result that these corporations now point to their shareholders in terms of thou- sands. One of the largest motor car nies has nearly 70,000 stock- holders. These stockholders, of course, do not control policies. They are minority holders. The control of the companies is held by small groups, and at anuual meetings proxies are voted. But the fact that the stock is spread out among thousands of people has never- theless a distinct effect upon the man- agement. It has, moreover, a decided effect in establishing a community of interests. In many of the corporations, indus- trial and transportation, stock has been offered to and has been bought by employes in large quantities. In some instances special arrangements for payments have been made, giving the purchasers the effect of easy sav- ings. In the judgment of Secretary Hoover this new relationship effects a tri- partite responsibility to the consumer on the one hand, the worker on an- other and a regard for capital only to the extent that it shall be commanded on the best possible terms for the ex- pansion and conduct of industry. The savings that can be made through in- vention, skill and elimination of waste are divided amecng consumers to at- tract business, and among workers to procure services and contentment, while capital becomes cheaper with increasing security. This development is of great impor- tance in the industrial situation of this country. It has been going on for several years, and is increasing in scope and significance. No measure- ment can be applied to it. The dis- position of the people of this country toward thrift and savings and invest- ment in sound securities stimulated by the war is a marked factor in this change of relationship, making for a true, wholesome and lasting industrial communism. —_—————— It has been so long since Col. Bryan has expressed himself on the subject of currency that Europe evidently can entertain no hope of a demonstration that “16 to 1" could assist in solving financial perplexities. et European financiers look the U. S. A. over and wonder what a nation en- gaged in practicing prohibition can possibly want with so much money, —r—e————— Rome Was. English laborers lacking employ- ment have recently been put to work unearthing Roman treasures near the ancient seaport of Deal. Already statues, chains, hair ornaments and other small objects both of bronze and of embossed gold have been brought to light, together with some coins of the later Emperors, It is difficult to think of England and Wales as having once been a populous Roman province, but they were that, and for a space of time about equal to that which has elapsed since Columbus’ first voyage and which contains the entire history re- corded of our continent. Roman roads, a few' of them still in use, made great arterial highways over the island; gardened Roman villas dotted the landscape; Roman legions, some of them recruited from other far-away provinces, garrisoned the land; com- munications with the mother city, which most of the local aristocracy had never .even seen, were frequent and regular. Something that smacks of Rome in speech, appearance, temperament or customs lingers over most.-of the for- mer great permanent colonies of that world-empire, but with Britannia the clusi immigrants, . to that part of the world were 59,916, leaving a net increase in the United States of 19,825, \ By far the larger part of the net four-century occupation is almost as if it had never been. Here and there in odd nooks of London may be viewed a luxurious tesselated Roman THE bath or a fragment of the old de- fensive wall of the Londinium of that day. Traces of ditched military camps are known to antiquarians and ap- pear in the termination “chester” in British nomenclature. One or two of the roads form the base of modern highways. Occasionally coins and other small objects are excavated. The great northern wall erected to keep out the savage Picts, s only a memory, yet for centuries it was a roaring, bustling, heavily gar- risoned town, 80 miles long and one or two streets wide. The family of Parnesius, appealing hero of Kipling's story, “A Centurion of the Thirtieth,” had occupied their villa in Vectis, now the Isle of Wight, for 350 years, while the stables in which his first pioneer ancestors had lived were a good century older yet. All have vanished. The Roman and his civilization and his customs disap- peared almost as completely as a morning mist. Dissensions and bar- baric invasions at home caused first the withdrawal of troops and then of the Britannic civilization itself. The Picts and the repressed Celtic tribes of the South found the island in its entirety again theirs. In the present- day Briton there is discernible no trace of the Roman. Now and again a bronze pin, or spearhead, or coin, or fragment of mosaic gives mute and slender evidence of this occupation of nearly half a thousand years. It is hoped that out of industrial evil archeological good may come, and that the work now prosecuted in Kent may be productive enough to warrant extensive similar projects elsewhere. - Dr. Rogers and Radio. Thrilling to the imagination is the report that Europe has been reached by underground and undersea radio from Hyattsville. The announcement is that Dr. James Harris Rogers, orig- inator of the theory that long-distance radio waves travel through earth and sea rather than, or at any rate better than, through air, transmitted from the underground antenna of his sta- tion at Hyattsville @ message picked up clearly at Toulon, France. A cable- gram from a scientist at Toulon made the statement. Dr. Rogers is a pioneer in radio, and his service to the Amer- ican Government in turning over to it his device for undersea radio transmis- sion and reception during the war is well known, and for that service he will have a place of great honor in history. This scientist has maintained and seems to demonstrate his claims that “fading” is unknown in under- ground and subsea transmission, that static is considerably less, that mes- sages are received as plainly in day as night and that less electric energy is required. Radio is @ young science, and no doubt as the years pass won- ders will be worked with it which scientists and imaginative men now only dream. ————— Easter Monday festivities again called attention to the fact that Amer- ican youth must have its pleasures re- gardless of cost. The older people will not grudge the cxpense. An egg still costs less than a golf ball and is not so easily lost. o Naming a baby is a solemn enter- prise sometimes involving absurd con- sequences. There is pathos in the thought of some doting parent who called the momentarily notorious Shepherd “William Darling.” ———— Every sensible motorist will do all in his power to facilitate the work of traffic regulation. The wild driver is as great a menace to other vehicles as he is to pedestrians, ————— Prominent Democrats hesitate to at- tend a Jefferson dinner; so many little matters having come up that Jeffer- son did not touch upon with any ex- plicit remarks. o Women take politics so seriously that there is no longer much rivalry about who is going to be queen of the May. e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Harmony. Everybody is agreed Harmony is what we need. Everybody in his heart Has a tune he wants to start, Harmony is easy, quite, If you go about it right, Dut if each demands his say ‘With his own especial lay, Only discord can prevail; Harmony must surely fail. Discretion. “You were once prepared to make a speech at any time on any subject.” “That was in my younger days,” an- swered Senator Sorghum. “I've got to be more careful now. People are beginning to take me seriously.” Goodness! The drama is misunderstood. It is a situation sad. They say a play cannot be good ‘Without some language very bad. Jud Tunkins says you can't get somethin’ for nothin’, but an expert horse trader can come mighty near it. Economy. “The Easter clothes of your family did not look as if you were economiz- ing.” “No,” sald Miss Cayenne, “but they will give Father every possible reason for doing so.” From Grave to Gay. When a little boy walloped his par- ents about It was once deemed no subject for glory. At present such episodes raise a glad shout In a comic pictorial story. “Every Faster,” said Uncle Ehen, “makes me wish I had been satisfied to go right on th'co life rollin’ eggs stid o' gittin® ambitious to roll de dice.” Uncle Sam Some Driver. From the San Francisco Chronicle. Europe must not be vexed at us. Driving from the back seat is just & little habit of ours, EVENING STAR, WASHI G'TON, D6, UESDAY, APRIL 14, 1925. Again I am forced to read Franklin P. Adams with mingled joy and sor- row. In his New York World col- umn he quotes a paragraph from my review of his recent book, In which I said he had chosen cleverness rather than greatness, and says: “We apologize to Mr. Tracewell for being recreant to our trust. In our next” book we shall have no. single quatrain ‘that will not remind Mr. Tracewell of all the qualities of great ness he is so sorry we do not possess “We, though we say it, tolerant than Mr. T I We find nothing in his critique that re minds us of Saint-Beuve, Quille Couch, Grantland Rice, Charles W. Sliot, the American Boys' ' Handy Book or a score of other great writers. “But we don't Rather, we, a first-class Tracewell than ninth-rate Mencken or Sherman.” There is joy for that last sentence. Personally, T would rather be a first class Tracewell than even a first-class Mencken. Thanks, F. P, There is sorrow over the fact that Mr. Adams chose prose, rather than verse, in which to reply. I had se cretly hoped that the famous . P. A. would “do his stuff,” scintillating me into starry fragments in a neat quat- Tain or two. Since he has not, the only thing left for me is to do it for him. I hope there shall be no single quatrain here that will not remind Mr. Adams of all the qualities of greatness he is 80 sorry he does not possess. Now, here is my idea of WHAT F. P. A. SHOULD HAVE WRITTEN. An earnest young man on The ning Star Wants me to write Immortal Verse, And beacon from where the Immor: tals are Scale my Parnassus with a curse. He wants me to write as Dickens wrote, Throttle the drama with The Cid, And solemnly rhyme on man, like ope, Or handle the novel us Tolstoi did. He wants me to be more serious than A Social Worker for the ca se; More bent on justice than that man Who makes and quibbles at the laws, He says, “Forsooth, pass up you Ah, listen well, oIf top. 0 n::;m"' “or if you don’t, your race is run— No Definitive Edition you shall see. To that I simply make reply That T will be quite satisied When that day comes, that I must die To have it known that I have died., I cannot write Immortal Verse, I would not write it if T could; 'T would make me feel exactly like The famous woodchuck chucking wood. Eve- * ok ok K Now, the only thing that remains for me is to write a reply, so here goes: r F. P. A, it pains me much e you wasting of your talent, A-writing verses in the Dutch When you might make them, oh, so gallant. T'd like to see you take a theme, Say, “Burning Garbage on the River,’ And_turn it into “Lov ‘Warm Dream,” To make your subway readers quiver. Hope for a scason bade the world farewell, And Freedom shrieked—as Kosciusko fell! 1Is there a Kosciusko today who will rise to cry anew for the freedom which that great patriot lost? Warsaw's last champion from her height surveved, Wide o'er her’ fields. *0 Heaven ! Is there n brave? Last week Russian bolsheviks to the number of 400,000 assembled in Leningrad to denounce the murder in Poland of two prisoners—bolsheviks— who were belng conducted to the bor- der to be exchanged for two Polish prisoners in the hands of the Soviet authorities. Four hundred thousand in one mob crying for revenge and blood! Can any one imagine that the mob was interested only in the lives of two lost Russians? Russia has al- ready fought one war with Poland since the World War. There is un- dying hate between the two neigh- boring nations. Less exciting inci- dents than the murder or execution of two possibly escaping prisoners have provoked war, when the ruler: were alert to find a pretext of con- quest. The circumstances of the kill- ing of the two Russians have not vet been published; perhaps it will never be known whether the prisoners were attempting to escape and were shot down by their guard, but there will be less confusion of facts if now the Russians carry out their threats of a_waste of ruin laid o hand on high shield to the he cried, “my bleeding country | executing in revenge the two Poles who were to have been exchanged. Deliberate revenge is demanded by the 400,000 in the mob—a menacing spirit—which may be fanned into a war of aggression upon Poland’s east front, > * ok ok X On the west of Poland lies Ger- many, which was forced by the Ver- sailles treaty to concede a corridor of territory for Poland, connecting that country with the ' sea, but’ dividing East™Prussia from the rest of Ger- many. It was that very corridor which led Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, in 1772, to conspire with Russia and Austria for the partition of Poland, by which the Czar took “White Rus- sia,” Frederick the Corridor, thereby uniting East and West Prussia, and Austria came in for her share of the conquest by taking Galicia, known as Red Russia, together with certain other territory. France was not then allied with Poland as she is today, while Russia, Prussia and Austria were continuing their schemes of conquest. France was occupied in her own struggle against Bourbon tyranny, with her revolution and finally her Napoleonic’ conquest. * k X K But, worse than the lack of out- side alliances which might have pro- tected Poland, she had her own fee- bleness within, which betrayed her. Her government was that of an elec- tive monarchy, with a diet, or con- gress, which might have excited a tremendous _protest from its vice president. This Diet met in 1788 and waa in continuous session four years, for not only was there no limit on debate, but any member had the un- limited power to prevent any action by simply saying, “I object.” It was not a rule of a majority, but always of uninimity, like that now prevailing in the Council of the League of Na-| tions. They called it, in Poland, a “liberum veto.” In 1793 all that was left of Poland was absorbed by the three “aggressor nations”—Russia, Prussia and Aus- tria—and there was no more Poland until the World War and its treaty of Versailles. * ok K K ‘What a difference there is between conditions of empire in the days when Poland was dying and the, conditions of today! Poland had been “parti- tioned” some 15 years, but there were millions of Poles still rankling under the pain of their country's betrayal, when lwo men met upon a raft ig THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ite an ode are how 1'd like to see you w To show Bill Shakesy do it, A little Something, a la mode, As Untermeyer might construe it 1 pine and burn to have you write An epic po such as Homer, Your predecessor, did endite About falr Helen, sea-way roamer Your gifts are of such varled worts, ur will-to-rhyme w0 blithe, uncanny 0 see you simply writhng sportn, Dear F. P. A., Just gets my nanny * KoK K F. P. A., if 1 had been one of ve old croni and you had tried hard to say something to pl you could not have hit it bette n that last sentence of yours. i All I have ever aspired to be Is a good a Tracewell as 1 can be. 1 am only a “columnist,” because my work each day appears in that mechanical form. I am a home essayist, if you want to know what I am. (One of my aversions is the editorial “we.” When I talk about myself 1 used the good old honest “L.") 0 one has ever being at all clever. letter fila crammed from readers of this paper, as far as your own great the north, and Towa on th These daily essays of mine go into more than 100,000 in the evening, when people have more time to read than they do when they are going to work in the morning. 1f T do say it myself, the readers of this paper know that everything they read here is the honest opinion of an honest man. When I review a book. I go up to one of my favorite bookstores and pay the price. Thus I can say what I please about a book If the readers of The Star find un- der my name originality, sincerity, earnestness, honesty of purpose, some magination, some ability to write, I perhaps deserve no particular credit. I was born in Indiana. I like dogs, cats, children, flowers, sunshine, F. P. A., fresh air, cold water, lilacs, Heywood Broun, soap, pumpkin pie, milk, dog fights and Emerson. The longer T live the more I realize that it is the Appreciators, not the Speerers, the Critics or the Kidders, who inherit the earth. This is the faith of one who has run up against his fair share of critics, spoofers and sneerers, and has turned back again to the simple, home folk. This is the working hypothesis of one who is not ashamed to admit that he would rather be.good than cleve: It means more to me tg have a work- man on a building tell 1he he reads my stuff, and to have a widow stop me on the street to say my articles ar “so Christian,” than to be hailed as a clever dog. And there is a child in Brooklyn, F. P. A., who writes verse, too, ear- nest, sincere verse, some of which will live, who wrote me, after all you clever New York boys had tried your hand at reviews: “Only in your ticle did I find what I had hoped for, the feeling that some one understood me."” Y accused me of But I have a big with kind words ttered State west BY PAUL V. COLLIN the middle of the Ni Tilsit. One was Alexander I, Czar of Russia, the other was Napoleon Bona- parte, victor in the battle of Fried- land. The two monarchs met on neutral ground to discuss the fate of empires. Alexander was the first royalty who had deigned to recog- nize Napoleon as an equal of em perors. The czar was idealistic a well as autocratic. He would have all Europe free—if it would exercise its freedom according to his will. is _Europe?” ejaculated Alexander. “We are Europe!” He was even more liberal than the grand monarch, who exclaimed: “The state! It is myself!" In the conference of Tilsit, it was assumed that to partition Europe according to the will of its rulers was legitimate and proper. If Napoleon had had the imagination which his tory has since suggested, he might have enlisted in the dismembered Poland an army of millions, who would have made his invasion of Russia tell a different story from that of its tragedy. Today, the France, which Bonaparte led, but which failed to make friends of the Poles, is the main hope of the present reunited Poland in defense against Poland's menacing neighbors on her east and west. Self-determination of peoples as to their forms of government has superseded the dictum of the old- time monarchs, who boasted in vain: “We are Eurepe!” ' ook Will Germany and Soviet Russia repeat the tactics of Frederick the Prussian and Alexander the Russian? Will they again partition Poland? If so, they must first conquer France, the ally and supporter of Poland. But more than that, they must con- front a desperate and long-suffering people who know what it means to be_conquered. Poland is fifth in Europe in popula- tion—practically 28,000,000, and is said to be gaining a million a year. She is two-thirds as great as France. Poland and France combined are greater in numbers than Germany and Austria, and probably greater in prganized strength and military re- sources than Russia. Poland claims that she alone can fnobilize 4,000,000 men—almost as many as the United States had under arms in the World War. Poland is not a country of great industries, but is rich in agri- cultural resources, so that in war it would be self-sustaining in food, while France stands ready to supply mili- tary material and officers. Will Poland again be partitioned? * kK ok The war minister, answers: “Nothing is more horrible to us than the thought of war, but when threats reach us at the same time from Berlin and Moscow, when all the press of a great country like England talks gayly about making our country the subject of interna- tional bargaining, we are obliged to think of our future. The world must know that the day any one touches one inch of our territory all Poland will rise up and fight without mercy.” } * ok ok ok In addition to France, Poland is allied with Rumania and Czecho- slovakia. France has a new premier, M. Briand, who, in all his former six or seven administrations at the head of the French government, has been recognized as Great Britain's friend, with probably stronger influ- ence with the English rulers than has any other French statesman. ‘While the crisis may appear upon the surface to hang upon the mur- der or execution of two Russians and two Poles, the great game of empire is playing as large a part in main- taining or disturbing the peace of Europe as it dild when a Serbian as- sassin, or patriot, killed an Austrian prince and precipitated . the World War. Gen. Siborski, pet | | of raw material. | life, for the s L line of effort that fir s NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM 1 G AL 1M WIKVENSON. Lattle, Brown & Robert aphy has M. Hon John Hiaunrt Co. Within Loitn n ok hiin 108 <l thiee Alstine Thist ardghnte and direct this form of wilting. Phe first of these 18 em bodied Gruhnm ) ir'n e of e 1 he Bwlnneston's purely of Hie . Lhene The 1 the biekigrouna lown. Here the foell mont, The inktinetive movemen thit gathering in every detail the Ife tiribute of effect ts that of an unconsidered and confused effort 1o the individual lmmunity from dissolution Abundance, with little of co-ord with less of prop tion and orlentation, is the gene t here. This period, as a rule derives ity chlef value from that It fs a body of raw material whose proper use lles in the future The second phase of blography swings far possible away from the first one Here an expert takes the mat ter fn hand. His exclusive concern is. with quality of achievement the human being, little intere fect pattern word for it that it tern—he lays that done, in literature, ot. Neatly he notes itact between pattern and product harply he sets off the lines of parture from the norm in hand clusively he Judgmen result of this is an abstracti mind with no scrap of the man left in it. Then, in between these two the third biographic st finally makes its way. Its agent a different kidney from those oper: ing in the other two parts of this single biographic field. His attitude is not theirs. It is for him to count for the man's work solely way of the man's life. There other way to do it, so he s other way to measure this work natur its quality, its scope, in fluence, its durability—except to dig down inside the man achieved it, there following every ciue to fresh discovery. This biographer draws freely from the first voluminous stage There for the shaping family yure 4 T denth enson It ar purposes e the thies & fined by the I rin in " oo eritical “The th John A. Hte blograph alwis of imme ird, in rt e ork alitmen by Of thiene dnoun one pernonl has per is the perfect has been or art, or what the points t passes rches 11 the such achievement as to make the s compulsory contr! n to the story of human progress. In spir but with a somewhat chastened tec! nic, he draws, too, from the pu critic as well. Out of this reasoned | ana proportioned tre: hic cr L , mutually explana- tory and satisfy the one a per- fect counterpart of the dominating forces in the life of the other. Graham ¥ is not the pure eu- logist of Rob Not at all. relati . he is ly story, to a certain . once in a while, the fa sure_outweighs the narrative Nor does Frank re the man a really best, biogr nd his wor nd n winne in his process of di mediocre talent for But it is quite clear that for a good mastery of the art of true evaluation applied to Robert Louis Stevenson, the man and the writer, John A. Steuart stands pre-eminent among many writers on Stevenson, who represent one or the other of these three classes of bi- ographic outlook. ® ok k% WOODROW WILSON, William Allen White. Houghton, Mifflin Co. Not history itself—rather the ma- terial of history, the great body of writing that has accumulated around the outstanding personality of Wood- row Wilson. Excellent as some of it is, brilliant as at least two examples of this work undoubtedly are, it all nevertheless, belongs to the volumi nous and emotional first period of ographic study. Since Mr. W death not time enough has passed to son opinion concerning him, nor ne enough to reset an overturned world to the proper appraisal of any dominant figure in the universal up heaval. Woodrow Wilson a_hundred years hence will be another figure, in- comparably greater one believes, than the one around whom today such an excess of unreasoned feeling surges. At the moment the bulk of the Wilson literature is purely eulggistic—and correspondingly of little worth. Not entirely strange, this unstinted praise, when one considers the two chief sources of Mr. Wilson's support. On the one hand the South, passionately devoted to a Southern-born President, freely expressing his partiality toward that section. On the other hand the college world, enormously enthusiastic that one of their kind should reach the supreme political office. By tem- perament or outlook both of these classes are ardent advocates, passion- ate adherents. They are the true Muggletonians of whom Oliver Wen- dell Holmes tells us so graphically. Even a wry suggestion against the idol of their own choosing raises a pandemonium of protest among the Muggltonfans. And so it is here Any faint hint that here is a man with any one of man's many short- comings upon him raises a hurricane of denial. So, the Muggletonians read Josephus Daniel’s Life of Woodrow Wilson and are happy. * ok k The rest of us will delight in ‘William Allen White on this subject, just as we a year or so ago delighted in Robert Annin on the same subject. Both are upstanding men, familiar with other men and with affairs and with a world outlook before them. It is on this basis- that Mr. White takes up the subject of Woodrow Wilson. On the basis, too, of a fluent and engaging writer who makes the story as readable as any novel or any adventure that has been written. He enters the business with a gusto that carries one along lines that seem highly original, though they are not. It is only the man himself who is original in the way of putting what he has to say in the way he has of looking at this or at that. The sub- stance_of Mr. Wilson’s life doesn't change in his hands. It is merely his manner of dealing with it. By this time the main features of that life are familiar as the school lesson. In dealing with Mr. Wilson the author indulges his very keen sense of psychology at many a point of con- tact here. He grows busy and ab- sorbed—and immensely entertaining— over the Scotch Woodrow strain and the Irish Wilson strain having it out in the person of this Scotch-Irish Woodrow Wilson. First along one line and then along the other he trails the man through vouth and early manhood and in maturer years, much as if these two lines took turn and turn about in controlling the af- fairs of their immediate kinsman. All the time he has a very keen eye out for the discernible causes and ef- fects of Mr. Wilson's career, through the Princeton controversy, through the short political period in New Jer- sey, through all the vital points in his’ subsequent career as President and world peacemaker. Some one, discussing William Allen White, in respect to the contents of this book, has called him @ ‘“benevolent enemy" to Mr. Wilson. Rather, a fair-dealing and co student of human na- tuxg human affalrs, Who -G Frank | ppraisal | 7 | the the fact | For | { ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC How far does the stone base of ountain extend?—G. . Y. tion underlies almost of « substrata Q. tone AL half of varied depth the }Mountain granite has been |tered in borings as far north Blue Ridge Moutains, 75 m dis tant, and as far south as the coastal 1 130 miles distant. i [s rgia. of enc st | Q. What | piving for life insurance |ed?—E. 0. K. A. According to one life | company, there is a_zene |rate of approximately 7 cases. of the men are per cent ap insura 1l rejecti per cent What is the merit system? merit syste ng employe service and | them f ¢ only posed to the spoils s 1 is a system | oftice in | promoting It is o Why is Turke man of Europe”?—B. A. The term was f | Turkey " in allusion to decayi | condition by Czar Nicholas of Russi in conversation with the British Am bassador Seymour Q called the “sivk st its applied to | How many the mzin cables of Bridge’—W. L. A Fach cable of the new Delaware contains & Each wire ich | e ther new Delaw wi the e 18,666 is | ameter Q proved’ A. The the mination the full cessional of vl Merct was the prediction | This was expedition Has t L. .C. firs was Einstein theory been test of math, the perik o Einste that flects put te the of I success came on May 1919 at Principe light from was found deflected by the sun alm equal to that predict The thi prediction to be verified was that the gravitationa 1d of the sun 1 waves woul at Mount W ed to the National at Was! found confirmation of effect in an _emborate series of urements of the shift of lin Q post A the T he atical by r value pro 1ation jonal the on s ecl near- In what system The Post Office De t it was d Pr Taft's administr post law was the incumbency r General Hitchcoc The law 1 August 24, 1912, and th 1 placed in operation | passed. of Post = | did “The Hague” get its The Dutch form of The Hague | 's Gravenhage, which means Count’s Hedge.” During the { teenth century the present site of the | town ipied by a_hunting ge of the Counts of Holland Q. Did the In —J. M. M. A. The bark of this shrub was used by North American Indians a eda- tive application for external inflam- mation. Extract of witch hazel still extensively used for this purpose, The shrub grows from 5 to 15 feet high, and is found in all sections of the United States, usually on hills or in stony places, and often on banks of streams. ns use witch hazel? Q. What did the Greeks mean by the term “kunikos . V A. The word means “dogli applied to pessimistic philosophers, who were metaphc ly compared to scavenger dogs. | Q. Do the Swi national costume’—I A. Frank It reek ical peasants wear F. ject, : “The use of national | tume dwindles 1 Switzerland, as it does in every other part of the world. The peasant women have, lm\\’\‘\‘!—r.; still a characteristic headdress, the| maidens wearing black caps, the ma trons white ones. For the festivals at- The saxophone, invented by a| Frenchman and Americanized for jazz, | has come into international promi- nence through its invasion of Scotland and threatened conquest over the age- old noise-maker, the bagpipes. Amer- ican editors find the incident an amus- ing illustration of the fact that the Scotch are a hardy race and t- tons for punishment.” “Comes word from Glasgow,” re- marks the Canton News, “that the bagpipes’ popularity is seriously threatened by the mania for saxd phones which has gripped some of the larger Scotch cities. Scotland was happy with her bagpipes and kilts At least as contented as any country could be under such adverse condi- tions. This invasion of the saxophone, a perfectly harmless instrument when not in use, may provoke a natio disaster. The instrument could not be denied its day of triumph, even in Scotland. But let not Scotia despair completely. Comes word that_there are not enough ‘saxes’ to supply the demand. The bagpipe supply is much more voluminous. A complete overturn of the usu- ally accepted national characte! istics of Scotland is observed by the St. Paul Dispatch. “Remembering Dr. Johnson's withering blasts against the barbarous melody of the pipes, says the Dispatch, “and taking t in _connection with certain denu: ciations of the unmusical qualities o the American saxophone, perhaps Scotch have found an instrumen even more to their taste than the pipes. At least the incident calls at tention to the affinity that obtains be- tween the two instruments, shown by the fact that those who idealize the bagpipes become quickly _enthused over the moaning horn.” The pipes may be playing their last cronach, but Scotland will miss them little if the wailing saxophone fills the land with its melancholy note.” * % X k¥ “Still it can’t be worse than the bagpipes,” is the judgment of the Binghamton Press, which says: “The Scotch are a hardy race. Every Scotchman will admit it. But, if proof were needed, here it is, direct from Glasgow. An American jazz band invaded the town, according to a reliable dispatch, and when it left for London the saxophone was the favorite musical instrument (if you call it a musical instrument) on ‘the banks of the Clyde. The bagpipes were nowhere. Everybody in_Glas- gow, it is now reported, is playing the ‘saxophone or is listening to the playing of somebody else. A hardy folk. They're more than that. They're gluttons for punishment.” A London writer having satirically remarked that the mocking bird, the saxophone and the cash register fur- nish the typical American music, the Los Angeles Times learnedly dis cusses this scientific discovery. “We —_— credits Mr. Wilson with being a man in a world too big for him to swing alone since he was not, really, the |is 2 cents in s archangel that his friends and adv cates believed him to be, J. HASKIN tending the to the hills, vintage fon: t of the cattie itting and t nts also don gay na- the I costumes ). Will white lead 1 iron roof Bureau of Standards does not att ite le K which they burrows Ur crew y the the Un Q. What « M. Nev k, ago, Angeles and Pt b ing last F (Let The Frederic J. Haskin, dire 7irst and C streets, ansiwer your ques- tion. The only ch for t T tamps for return g in doing the most 2 were lea order given s Star Information Bureau ctor, Twent age.) Saxophone vs. Bagpipes International Incident acknow enth bird with It not only i but home o the dwellers in our le nd tangles reams. It i a Kentucky and a ca but at tim Nor does it up so it can rooster. If the m ing bird is indigen, are willing to acknowle own. The saxc strument of ti a man beat his far mperils the 1 ut the sax If it were played pressed manner we enthusiastic. If it were ha reater _self-control and we might not obje s it is, we are compe! fess it with our other what shall be said of the cash re ter? Is its music discord to Eurcpean ears? Does the cash register in the box o offend the European prima donna on the stage? Do European counts and dukes have any special aversion to the cash register when they come over to this country to recoup their fortunes by winning brides? Do they reject the vedding marches played on the wsh regist Has not the music of he American cash register been the national anthem of many European states since the war? We hold no special brief for the cash register as a musical instrument. It has a crass and metallic sound. However, just when we were bezinning to pick out a few tunes on its melodious finger board, the dark hint that its musio is not mellifluous and classical as it ought to be wounds us deeply.” A wait for d to eon- But British attention to the musical in- vasion inspires a prediction by the Nashville Banner that “the world may hortly witness the spectacle of jaza jealousy debated in legislative halls.” The Banner cites the fact that an American saxophonist in England, in order to meet certain objections, pro- vided a British musician in the pit for every number of his own band. “In_other words,” continues the Nashville paper, “there will be two jazz bands where one might have been expected. It is not just the kind of prospect many persons could cone template with equanimity, but the British_are more or less stoical.” The Memphis News-Scimitar notes an increased use of the saxophone at the original home of the saxophone. “Jazz bands,” says the News-Scimitar, “have caused a demand for the pre viously neglected saxophone, the in- vention of a Frenchman, M. Sax. It is curious to recall how the inventor suffered at the hands of his trade rivals, Berlioz wrote of him that he endured persec n worthy of the middle ages. Two unsuccessful at- tempts were made on his life. His son_considers the saxophone deb: by-its use merely to make a noig'