Evening Star Newspaper, March 11, 1925, Page 6

6 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY....March 11, 1925 THEODCRZ W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Penoxyivania Ave. New York Offee: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Offee: Tower Guilding, European Office : 16 Regent St.,London, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday moraing edition, 1s delivered by earriers withiu tl €ity at 60 cents per month: dily onls, cents per_month: Sunday oniy. 20 confs per month. Orders miay be sent by mail or tele Dione Main 5000. Collection is made by car- ters at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. | Daily and Sunday..1yr., §8.40: 1 mo., 70¢ Daily only... +$6.00; 1 mo,, 50¢ Sunday only 2.40; 1 mo., 20¢ All Other States. A Paily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo,, 85¢ Datly only.......1yr, $7.00:1mo., 60c | Sunday only......1yr, $3.00;1mo, 35¢ Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entlitied | fo fie use for republicaiion of all uews die patches eredited to 1t or not otherwise eredited | {n Tiis paper and also the local news pub. | Tished herein. All rights of publication of cciul dispatches hereln are a'so reserved. e Mr. Warren Rejected. Not since the stormy days of An- drew Johnson has an appointment to the President's cabinet been rejected by the Senate until the unfavorable action taken by the Senate last eve- ning on the nomination of Charles B. Warren of Michigan. The right of the President to select his own official | family, as his cabinet has been de-| scribed, has been held sufficient ‘to check opponents. The right of the late President Harding to select Harry | Daugherty to be Attorney General was not questioned, it will be recalled, | by the Senate, and Mr. Daugherty's | nomination went through in a per- functory manner four years ago. President Coolidge selected Mr. Warren to be Attorney General. It is to be presumed that he weighed the ! arguments used against Mr. Warren in the Senate before he made the ap- pointment and still found him the proper man for the office of Attorney General. Mr. Warren had previously served the United States with distine- tion as Ambassador to Mexico and Ambassador to Japan. In both in- stances his nomination as Ambassador was submitted to and confirmed by the Senate. The President had ample warning that Mr. Warren's appointment would be opposed by some of the Republican Senators, including the Republican Senator from the nominee’s own State, Senator Couzens. But unde- diably a feeling existed in adminis- tration quarters that the rule which permits a President to choose the members of his Cabinet without op- position by the minority party or the opposing political party in the Sen- ate would permit enough Democratic votes to be cast for Mr. Warren, or at least would prevent enough Demo- cratic votes being cast against him, to permit -his confirmation. = A tuw% days ago the administration leaders | werc confident the appointment would { be confirmed. But the open debate per- mitted ‘on the nomination and the vote in the open changed the situa- tion. The Deémocrats felt they could | not go on record as voting for Mr. Warren. Finally, the lone Democrat who had voted for confirmation, Sen- ator Overman of North Carolina, changed his vote so that the nomina- tion could not be rescued from the pit_into which it had fallen. Vice President Dawes was absent trom the Senate when this important vote was taken. Had he been present, with the vote standing 40 to 40, he! might have cast the deciding vote which would have confirmed the nom- ination. Notwithstanding the fact that Mr. Dawes had been informed by leaders in the Senate earlier in the aiternoon that no vote would be taken vesterday on the nomination, he will undoubtedly be subject to criticism for his absence. This is the second time that he has been absent from the Senate when his presence was needed, | the first when he failed to return to call the new Senate to order after the inaugural ceremonies, for which he was criticized by the Senators. On the | first occasion as on the second, he acted on the advice of Senators when he aebsented himself. Perhaps Mr. Dawes hereafter will use his own judgement instead of that of others as to the need of his presence in the Senate. Probably nothing could have happened more pat to the taste of his critics in the Senate than his failure to be present when the vote was teken yesterday. But had Mr. Dawes been present, would the final result on the Warren nomination been any different? Would not Sehator Overman have changed his vote a little earlier when it became apparent that by his vote alone could Mr. Warren be confirmed? In view of the change he finally made | when the Vice President did arrive in the Senate chamber, it is reasonable to | suppose he would have taken the| eame course had Mr. Dawes been there earlier. Aside from the fact that ren nomination has been whether for cause or not, the blow struck the President at the outset of his new term of office may or may not be significant of stormy times to come. The President was elected | last - November by the greatest | plurality ever given a candidate for that office. The victory was personal rasher than partisan. What will be the reaction of the country to this slap at the Chigf Executive? ———— Germany’s Changing Status. Whether or no Germany ever at- tains the “‘place in the sun” of which the former Kaiser was so fond of talk- ing, there is no doubt at all that Ger- many has a gift for keeping in the spotlight. At the present sitting at Geneva of the council of the League of Nations questions bearing on pres- ent and future relations with the. gov- ernment at Berlin overshadow all else. Other nations must await solution of problems vital to their welfare until the German view and the German pur- pose are disclosed. A notable indicatien of Germany's changing status is the absence of the the War- rejected, zing communications to Berlin. To the | German application for membership in the League of Nations are attached conditions which it is impossible for the other powers to accept, but they are not blunt and undiplomatic when they say so. They try to make it plain that Germany will be warmly wel- comed as a member of the league and treated with equality, but that the terms for any one member power. It plainly feared that any cavalier treatment of the German application would tend to drive Germany into an alliance with Russia, a possibility Bu- rope dreads, perhaps, more than any other thing. Whether the change in attitude is due to softening toward Germany or fear of her is not quite clear. A “scare ‘was thrown into France and the smaller countries which are Ger- many’s neighbors by the report of the military control commission that Ger- many was secretly arming and pr paring for war. But now comes Am- bassador Houghton, who has been as competent as he has been disinterest- ed in his observations at Berlin, dis- crediting the report of the commls- sion and seeking to allay the fears it engendered. In an interview in New York yesterday, Mr. Houghton denfed emphatically that munitions were being stored in large quantities in Germany. “Here or there,” he .said, “may be found some crazy man or.a few radicals who may have stored A hundred or more guns, but T can say that, substantially, Germany is dis- armed.” Moreover, the Ambessador does not believe Germany ever again will be the great military power she was. He is {does not believe the German people want such power. He does believe Germany will come back as a great industrial nation, and it may be prev- alence of this belief which is responsi- ble for the change of attitude now being maniest at Geneva. il Even the story of Teapot Dome is not safficiently entertaining to hold popular attention when it becomes old enough to require the introductory phrase, “Once Upon a Time.” ———— Herrin, Ill, might become more comfertable and prosperous by requir- ing all high explosives to be checked outside the city limits. e The Tacna-Arica Award. On October 20, 1883, was laid the foundation of what has since become known as the ‘‘question eof the Pacific,” involving upward of 41 years of controversy between Peru and Chile as to the ownership of the little provinces of Tacna and Arica. On Monday President Coolidge handed down his award in the case, under arbitration proceedings originally un- gertaken by President Harding in 1922 at the request of the nations invelved To understand the importance of this decision in a dispute which, with waxing and waning bitterness, has threatened the peaceful relations of at least two South American countries for more than four decades, it is es- sential to understand the geography of the terfitory fn question and the chronology of certain events preced- | ing and subsequent to the brief strug- gle between Chile, on the one hand, and Peru and Bolivia, on the other, which, occurring in 1879-1830, has since become known as “the War of the Pacific.”” Chile is a long, narrew country ly- ing on the southwestern littoral of South America—in length about 2,000 miles, it would cover approximately a coastal strip from Maine to North Carolina; in width it extends from 100 to 200 miles only, back to the Cordil- Jeras of the Andés Mountains. Across these. to the east lies Argentina. Prior to 1866 the desert of Atacama, a part of Bolivia, formed Chile's northern boundary. North again of the then Bolivian seacoast lay Peru. About 1842 Chilean encroachment on Bolivian territory to fhe north be- gan, and by 1874 24 degrees south latitude- was fixed as the houndary Gnder a treaty which, covering ce tain export dutiés on minerals, ult mately geve rise to the dispute which | led to the war of 1879. In 1873 Peru and Bolivia contracted a secret defensive alliance, generally attributed to mutual anxieties inci- dent fo Chile's aggressive policy in pushing northward elong the coast. In 1878 came the dispute between Chile and Bolivia over certain taxes imposed by Bolivia, which were held by Chile toviolate the above-mentioned treaty of 1874. In 1879 the occupation of the Bolivian littoral was accom- { plished by Chile without a declaration of war. Peru, seeking to compose the differences between the two countries, was dragged into the dispute, and the “War of the Pacific,” which was terminated by the severe defeat of the Peruvian and Bolivian armies at the battle of Tacna in 1880, resulted. 1t was the treaty of peace between Chile and Peru, concluding these hos- tilities, which created the Tacna-Arica problem. Under that document Chile, while obtaining possession of the whole Bolivian littoral and the south- ernmost Peruvian province of Tara- paca, was given the right to “continue in possession” of the provinces of Tacna and Arica, still further to the north, for @ period of 10 years. Afier the conclusion of that period, it was stipulated, a plebiscite should de- termine to whom the provinces should thenceforth belong. That plebiscite was not held, and for more than 40 years Chiie has exer- cised control over the teryitories. Re- peated efforts have been made to reach an agreement as to the basis for the stipulated plebiscite and the auspices under which it should be held, but each has hitherto met with tailure. And it was not until July of 1922 that ‘the governments of Chile and Peru submitted their differences to the arbitration of the President of the United States, in the discharge of which obligation President Coolidge day before yesterday made public his opinion and award. The President's opinion holds that he as arbitrator was in no wise con- cerned with the merits or demerits of either Chile or Peru in the War of the Pacific, or upon the justice or .injus- tice of the terms of the treaty of dictatérial tone until recently em- ¥loyediby the greater allies in address- peace which concluded that brief | struggle, or upon equities o inequitiss spirit of equality for all debars special | | cerned. La Follette himself - _THE EVENING in the present situation or in the past, or, indeed, upon any question outside of the meaning and efficacy of that section of the treaty of Ancon which deals with Tacna and Arica. So holding, he announces merely that there shall be a plebiscite to be conducted under the direction of a commission of three, cne appointed by Chile, one by Peru and ‘one by the President of the United States. This commission, meeting not later than six months hence, shall fix the date for the plebiscite. Males, 21 years of age, born in the provinces or meeting certain requirements as to longevity of residence, shall be eligible to vote. The disputed northern and southern boundaries of the provinces are de- fined. Such, in a nutshell, is the Presi- dent’s answer to some 40 years of in- ternational disagreement between two great South American states. What other answer could have been given at this time which would not have lefi the dispute more hopelessly muddled than ever it is dificult to conceive. Whatever the justice of the claims of Peru against Chile, or vice versa, as to the past, today’s problem is one to be faced on a practical basis. There is no.other peaceful way out of the long tangle than the one decided upon by the President, and with the plebiscite conducted under auspices which in- sure a fair vote by properly qualified voters, the world awaits the graceful acquiescence of Chile and Peru to a settlement of their past differences which, if accepted in good faith, should g0 far toward insuring neighborly peace, prosperity and good will for them both in the future. e Child Marriages. Child-merriage figures in a report of the Russell Sage Foundation are surprising to a great majority of Americans, and may lead to laws for- bidding marriage of persons below the age which by general consent is as- sumed to be the age of maturity. The report says that the situation com- plained against is due to the fact that 14 States require no other evidence of age than an affidavit of the person applying for a marriage license, and that the legal minimum marriageable age for girls is still 12 vears and for boys 14 years in New York, New Jer- sey, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Louisl- ana, Virginia, Florida, Maryland, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Colorado, Idaho, Maine and Mississippl. The re- port says that more than 667,000 per- sons in the United States were mar- ried at the age of 16 years or under. These figures are not the whole story, becaube the report was compiled from study of child marriage in 90 cities in 28 States, and gives no consideration to the marriage of persons between the ages of 16 and 18 years. Lack of public knowledge concerning child marriages and public indifference to the matter are shown by the fact that in 14 States it is legally possible for a girl to be married at an age when she would not be ajlowed to become & wage worker. ———— Closing the Dathing beaches at Washington will deprive the Capital City of the privilege of repeating in Summer the photographic gayeties of a Florida. Winter. Soganigat s Y The appointment of an Attorney General has at least enabled the United States Senate to display ver- satility and turn its attention from oil to sugar. ————y So far as active influence is con- not much further out the councils of the party than several other former celebrities of the G. O. P. ————————— Even among Senators who disap- prove of Mr. Dawes' style of delivery are to be found some who frankly ad- mit that he has firstrate ideas. is o SHOOTING STARS. BY rn.l-l.n.\'nzn JOHNSON. Unfinished Busines For Goodness Sake, let's all be good And never be misunderstood Since recent years have brought about So much to.leave our minds in doubt ‘While Solons grave investigate And make Grand Juries sit up late Till we suspect the friends we prize May be detectives in disguise! Let us get through the present task; There are so many things to ask That it will sure be many a day Before suspicion clears away. Let us not crowd the Powers that Be With problems new until they see Some chance of handling with success This vast Unfinished Business. Unto the snarl, oh, who would think Of adding ohe more tiny kink! So, let us do just as we should. For Goodness' Sake, let's all be good! Both Sides. “Are you in favor of economy?” “As I have often said,” rejoined Senator Sorghum, “a man ought to save a little money. But, on the other hand, in order to Jo this he must be able, after paying the landiord and the grocer, to have a little money to save.” Courtesies. This Governmental courtesy, they say, At certain points is liable to fail. The tax collector, when it's time to pay, Does not say ‘“Please,” but threat- ens you with jail. Jud Tunkins says the best way to be happy i§ to quit worryin® tryin’ to find out whether you are or not. Quick Study. 1 took my parrot to the show. Now, when his memory I jog 1nstinctively he seems tc know The more important dialogue. Cold Calculation. “1 am sure he would be a model husband.” “Yes,” answered Miss Cayenne. “But a model husband is such a draw- back if the time ever comes when a divorce seems desirable.”” ever trust yoh opinions of yoh- se’f,” said Uncle Eben. “F'um de way he keeps at it, you'd suppose de bull- frog considered hisse'f jes’ a: goodea meckin® bic singe: ae STAR, WASHINGTON. D. .. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 11, 1925 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. “A tale of the times of old!” This is the rousing beglhning to the poems of Ossian, the Scotch Homer, who may, after all, have been only a figment of the imagination of James Macpherson, the translator, who was accused of having written the poems himself. Today it little matters to readers who wrote these poems; they stand as unusual examples of metrical work in prose form, still possesaing charm for the reader who likes this sort of thing. Not every reader. be It known, will care for Osslan. He is too tragical, too sustained on a high plane, to ap- peal to all modern readers, particu- larly those who pine for the ‘“happy ending.” The prose form in which he wrote, too, with its ocadenced sentences, makes an appeal only to a certain number. If you have read and liked the exquisite prose poems of Oscar Wilde you will enjoy the poems of Ossian. This is not the sort of reading one can pick up offhand and immediately get into the spirit of it. It is neces- sary to read and reread before one sets the swing of the compositions. The modern reader first taking up the poems of Ossian’ will do well to forget all the old controversy about their authorship, as detailed previous- 1y in this column, and regard them, for the purposes of the reading, as | what they purport to be. By tacitly assuming them to be genuine, ho enters at once info the feeling' that he fs getting a taste of the ancient days, when warfare and hunting, sunshine and love occupied the time of men. As a matter of fact, the poems, at the least, are going on 200 years ‘old, which is a not incon- sideruble age in this world, where most of us do well if we last out the biblical three score and ten. * ox % “There comes a voice to Ossian and awakes his soul. It is the voice of years that are gone! They roll be- fore me with all their deeds! I seize the tales as they pass and pour them forth in song.” So opens the the white-armed tale of Oina-Morul, Oina-Morul. All Ossian's heroines are white-armed, This description, alone, gives the modern reader a taste of days of old, when the Scottish girls attracted at- tention with their bare arms, as the gales of ocean blew their dark hair around them. “I seize the tales as they pass,” says the old bard, “and pour them forth in song.” Surely this is a beau- tiful way of describing what a poet does, or what any writer does, for that matter. The writer has ideas. 1If he does not seize them as they pass, often they escape him, and he has only vague dreams left to mock him. erhaps as good a taste of Osslan as any can -be given by presenting here the famous song of the hero, Fingal, as he sat in his great hall, “Raise, ye bards,” said the mighty Fingal, “the praise of unhappy Moina. Call her ghost, with your songs, to our hills; that she may rest with the fair of Morven, the sunbeams of other days, the delight of the heroes of oid. “I have seen the walis of Balclutha, but they were desolate. The fire had resounded in the halls, and the voice of the people i heard no more. The stream of Clutha was removed from its place by the fall of the walls “The thistle shook there its lonely head; the moss whistled to the wind. The fox looked out from the win- dows, the rank grass of the wa'l waved around its head. Desolate Is the dwelling of Moina, silence s in the ‘house of her fathers. ° “Rafse the song of mourning, O bards!. over ‘the land of strangers. They have but fallen before us; for one day we must ifall. Why dost thou build the hall, son of the winged days? thou lookest from thy towers today; yet a few years and the blast of the desert comes; it howls in thy empty court and whistles around thy half-worn shield. “And let the blast of the desert we shall be renowned In our day! the mark of my arm shall be in battle: my name.in the song of bards. Raise the song; send round the shell; let joy be neard in my hall. “When thou, sun of heaven, shalt fail! if thou shalt fall, thou mighty light! it thy brightness is for a sea son, like Fingal; our fame shall sur vive thy beams! Ossian, Fingal's son, continues: “Such was the song of Fingal, in the day of his joy. His thousand bards leaned forward from their seats to hear the volce of the king. It was like the music of harps on the gale of the Sprin Lovely were thy thoughts, O Fingal! Why has not Ossian the strength of thy soul? But thou standest alone, my fathe Who can equal the king of Selm: The picture of the thousand bards leaning forward from their seats i an unforgettable one. Fingal's brave words, beginning, “And let ghe blast of the desert come!” are able to thrill to this day. Ay, let the blast of the desert come! We shall be renowned in our day! The veriest clerk of today, working away at an unheroic task, still can feel the brave impulse of those anclent words. One does not have to wade through blood, or slay & thousand foes, to pos- sess the spirit of bravely taking life as it comes. Yet a few years and the blast of the desert comes to all of us. 1t howls in the empty courts, and the buildings once famous are being torn down to make way for business. And let the blast of the desert come! We shall be remembered by those who love us—if we are so wise as to do anything to make any one love us. * Kk ¥ ¥ Ossian’s women are always “beams of light.” 1 have never read a work of any kind in which women were better treated. They are always beau- tiful, in a wild, barbaric way. They love and mourn; are faithful unto death; are brave in adversity, loving in times of peace. There was Strina-dona, as fair as a sunbeam. “Her eyes were two stars of light. Her face was Heaven's bow in showers (the rainbow). Her dark hair flowed round it Itke the stream- ing clouds. Thou wert the dweller of souls, white-handed Strina-dona!” With such a send-off, it was no wonder two brothers came from I-thorno to woo the sunbeam of Tor- moth wild! Their names were Col- gorm and Corcul-Suran. She saw them in their echoing steel. Her soul was fixed on blue- eyed Colgorm.” The brothers fight. Ossian describes it as follows: “Wrathful the brothers frowned. Their flaming eyves in stlence met. They turned away. They struck their shields. Their hands were trembling on their swords. They rushed Into the strife of heroes for long-haired Strina-dona. Strina was no bobbed-haired beauty, ou see. Colgrom won, of course. His father, however, turned him out, for having killed his brother, and made him dwell by foreign streams. But he did not go alone. “That beam of light was near, white-armed Strina-dona. Ossian is full of beauties to the reader who is willing to spend enough time with him to get acquainted. Where else will one find so much in so little as in the following: “Whence Is the stream of years? Whither do they roll along? Where have they hid, in mist, their many- colored sides?" TAX REDUCTION UNCERTAIN Profits and Incomes Must Rise in 1925 Over 1924 or High Rates Continue. BY WILLIAM ARTICLE 1L Unless business conditions generally through the United States show an improvement in 1925 over 1924, no substantial income tax reduction will be justified. So say the Government experts in thelr forecast. Their care- fully prepared figures show that they are counting on receipts of $1,660,- 000,000 from the income tax during the present fiscal y . which ends June 30, next, and receipts of $1,710,- 000,000 durinz the next fiscal year which ends June 30, 1926. Income tax reduction that expectation and that, in turn, is based on the present rates. Obviously there cannot be a pick-up of $50,000,000 in taxes unless there i{s a correspond- ing pick-up in incomes and profits. And that, again, means only one thing: better business condition this year than last. Thus, fn taxation, as in the cost of living, we have another illustration of what economists term the vicious spiral. Income tax reduction de- pends largely on better business and better business depends largely on income tax reduction. It is the old question all over again: which came first, the chicken or the egg? Returns to Tell oTy. Next Monday's collections of in- come taxes will tell the axperts what they are waith g eagerly to find out about 1924 business. More than that, however, the returns also wiil show the business trend and will furnish the experts a fairly Intelligible clue as to what may be expected in tax collections in March, 1926. How they puzzle this out is one of the secrets of the business of being a Treasury expert; but they ‘do it and have been doing it, with a fair degree of ac- curacy, for several years. Emergencies are barred from the estimate outlined above. An unex- pected business slump or a sudden and unlooked-for trade revival will upset the calculation. As there are contingencies which cannot be fore- seen, they are left out of the reck- oning. Thus far during the fiscal year, or since July 1, 1924, income tax collec- tions have totaled about $860,000,000. Between now and June 30, the inter- nal revenue bureau must take in $800,000,000 additional if the experts’ estimate is to stand up. Of that amount, about $450,000,000 is what is expected next Monday. The remain- ing $350,000,000 should come along on June 15, when the second instaliment is due. There are other things, too, that bear directly on thé prospect of an- other income tax reduction. One of these Is the tariff. The experts have put it down in their calculations for $550,000,000 in revenue this fiscal year. Thus far it has yielded approxi- mately $375,000,000. Tt iooks as: if the tariff would uphold the experts’ estimates almost to the dollar. If so, another hurdle will have been safely put behind; If not, the brake will have been applied, ‘to the ‘extent. pf the deficiency, tQ tax Teduction. Mincellancous Revenues. A ‘third item that has 3 direct bear- ing on income tax reduction is the grand accumulation - of -assorted and mtécellaneous taxes grouped under the heading. “miscellaneous jnternal revanue.” Income from thosé varied taxes " totaled . §953,000,000, last year. The' experts put. those taxes down for $826,000,000 this year. “Thus far, col- ections have totaled about $580;000,- 000. More than eight months of the fiscal year have passed; during the four months or less that remain, the Government must collect $246,000,000 more in those taxes, is based on | P. HELM, JR. This probably will be done, and then we come to next year. Here we find that the experts again are figuring on good business conditions in 1925 as an essential to tax reduction, for they have put down $891,000,000 as the prospective revenue from miscel- laneous taxes during the fiscal year beginning. July 1 next. That raises the amount expected this year by about $65,000,000. Thus, on the basis of better busi- ness conditions in 1925, the Govern- ment will take in $50,000,000 addi- tional in income taxes and $65,000,000 additional in miscellaneous taxes (at present rates), or a totel of $115 000,000, as the experts see the future. | That $115,000,000 is the backbone of | tax reduction. Break it, and the en- tire hope of substantial tax reduction in the near future languishes. Would Mean a Setback. In other words, if conditions in the business ‘world in 1925 are such that the tax yield to the Federal Govern- ment, under the present rates, is no more than estimated for 1924 busi- ness, $115.000,000 of the estimated surplus will have gone gilmmering and tax reduction will have been set back by that amount. Experts have estimated the surplus on the present years operations at $67,000,000. It will hardly reach that figure, for reasons to be discussed later. In fact, there is a better chance that this fiscal year's surplus —the difference between government income and government expenses— will be nearer $25,000,000 than $67,000,- 000.. A decided letdown in Income tax collections next Monday may wipe out this years anticipated surplus altogether. Next year's surplus is estimated by the experts at $373,000,000. - That is based on, present tax rates. It does not allow for any extensive or costly legislation by Congress in addition to the ordinary running expense. Ir Congress, at the next session, spends a lot of money in addition, the esti- mated surplus will be cut accordingly. To sum up, the experts have esti- mated & surplus- of $67,000,000 Aur- ing this fiscal year and $373,000,000 during the next fiscal year as the probable outcome of governmental operations until June 30, 1926, That makes a total of $440,000,000. Any tax reduction must come out of that surplus. Experts Still Optimistie. And.if the surplus {s materially re- duced, tax reduction will suffer a body blow, so far as the Immediate | future fs concerned. If business this year remains at a level that will pro- duce only the sum to be paid the Federal Government on last year's business, the surplus will be cut by $115,000,000. If the anticipated sur- plus for the present year fs wiped out, the " $440,000,000 tax reduction fund will be reduced by $67,000,000 more. These “ifs” are not vague possi- bilities. Nor. on the other hand, are they proSabilities, as the Government experts sce the subject now. They may come to pass; *hey may not. Tax collections next Monday will furnish the Key to the prospect. Until then, the collections can be studied, nobody in authority can foretell whether the present tax rates or lower rates will be uséd in figuring out our refurns next year. . R ACopyright, .1025.) s b (The third and concluding article by Mr. Helm, to be published Friday, will show how failyre to. fund the toreign debt i3 delaying tax reduc- tion.) ) i Politics at Large BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. War between the progressive and conservative wings of the Republi- can party is on again. On Monday the conservatives fell upon the pro- gressives and trounced them, throw- ing into the discard the four so- called insurgents, La Follette and his followers during the last cam- paign, and at the same time offend- ing Senators Borah of Idaho, John- son of California, Norris of Nebraska and others. La Follette and Ladd lost their committes chairmanships, and Brookhart and Frasler were de- moted also. All of which happened with the approval of President Coolldge, is said at the White House. On Tuesday, the progressives, lin- ing up with the Democrats, slapped the newly inaugurated President squarely, defeating the nomination of Charles B. Warren of Michigan to be Attorney General. Seldom has an opportunity been granted either of the belligerent groups of Republicans to strike back so quickly. It is no secret that many of the Democrats would have been pleased to have had Warren made Attorney General, belleving that his appoint- ment wouid have been a point of at- tack, a joint In the Republican armor. But they could not, they say, 80 on record as voting for him. Pe: haps Mr. Coolidge’s proverbial luck is still with him. therefore, in spite of the apparent setback through Mr. Warren's defeat. It seemed, however, that luck had deserted the administration late yes- terday., With the vote standing 40 to 40 on the Warren nomination, Vice President Dawes was absent could not Vote to break the tie. The only time a Vice President ever votes In the Senate Is In case the Senate evenly divides, as It did yesterday. Furthermore, two stanch administra- tion Senators were on the high seas, Edge of New Jersey and Phipps of Colorado. They were ‘“paired.” of course, but even so had either of them been present the President's cholce for Attorney General might now have been on his way from De- troit to take the oath of office. War- ren of Wyoming and Lenroot of Wis- consin also were away from the city, the former on a trip to Panama and the latter because of the illness of his wife. Truly, yesterday was not the administration’s lucky day. President Coolldge, it was reported at the Capitol, was incensed because of the absenteeism of Republican Senators when party matters and his Attorney General were at stake. He had reason to be. But members of the Senate are anxious to get away from Washington—so much so that it Is common talk at the Capitol that a quorum will be lacking before the close of next week unless the Senate adjourns in the meantime. An examination of the record votes taken in the Senate Monday on the question of demoting Senator Ladd from the chairmanship of the public JARA< committee, and yesterday on the Warren nomination, shows almost the {dentical progressive group vot- ing against the demotion of Ladd and against the confirmation of the ‘Warren nomination. With a total of nine Senators In this group it would seem something more than a coinci- dence. The warning iskued by Sen- ator Borah to the regular organiza- tlon that its chastisement of the nroeressives would lead to trouble aprarentlv has come home more quickly than was expected The country helieved that at the molls last November it had put Calvin Coolidee in the White House and at the <ame time it had elected a Re- nublican Congress The word went forth that the wings of the trouble ma ers In the Sixtv-cighth Congress had been clipped: thnt the Renublicans had a working majority in hath Senate and House. Hae the Repubiican majority Tt its feot in it the first time it acted? Tt begins to look as though the insurgent group had merely been larged by the tactice of the reg- viars. If so. the outlook for lesi: lation advanced bv the administration it |at the next regular session does not seem particularly brizht The reaction of the country to (;O e late: developments here in ashington will be intsresting. How the voters in the States of the North- west and the West will take the Grastic action of the Senate Republi- cans in the cases of Ladd, Brookhart and Frazier is of more importance than the immediate reaction of some of the Senators or that action. If it becomes evident that the people are with Mr. Coolidge and the Republican organization of the Senate in this matter, there may be less insurgency in the Republican ranks of Congress in the future. If the evidence is the other way, then the insurgent group may be expected to become more and more active. Word comes from Wisconsin that the voters in that State are much aroused over the treatment meted out to Senator La Follette and his three followers by the Republicans of the Senate. If the people of other States in the Northwest feel the same way, Mr. La Follette's new party movement, which has- scarcely yet raised its head, will be given a con- siderable impetus, Senator La Foi- lette is_stll] in Florida and seems. bent on staying there until the spring has actually arrived. Chairman Wil- liam M. Johnston of the committee provided for at the recent Chicago meeting of progressives who favor La Follette's plan for a new liberal party is still to call together his com- mittee of five. That committee will make plans for State meetings, us ing La Follette organisations of the last campalgn, at which, in -turn, plans will be made for sbnding dele- gates {0 a national convention, where the new party is actually to be launched. 3 The hurry to get away trom the Senate and Washington is due, in part, it is said, to the fact that Sen- ators wish to avoid all caance of taking up the World Court protocol for consideration in the present spe- cial session of the Senate. The World Court would run into a long debate. But on the World Court issue the President occuples a strategic posi- tion if he wishes to go through with it. He will have the Democrats almost solidly back of his proposal to ad- here to the court with certain reser- vations. On the Republican side of the chamber, while there will be strong opposition, there nevertheless will be an ample number of Senators to make up the necessary two-thirds vote, provided, of course, the protocol is brought to a vote. Among the opponents of the court are some of the Senators who aided in defeating the nomination of Mr. Warren, nota- bly Mr. Borah -and Mr. Johnson of California. The boot would be on the other leg if the President should now demand action on the court pro- Democratic leaders are seek- ing a national conference of Demo- crats to be held preferably in the Middle West, perhaps Chicago or In- dlanapolls, at which to discuss ways and means of putting that party more solidly on the map again, Those leaders now in Washington insist that the conference will be held. But privately some of them admit that if William Gibbs McAdoo and Gov. Al Smith of New York would come for- ward ‘with public statements declar- out of the race for thegpr nomination in 1928, it would do more to bring peace and elimin; the o el [the next two year: four -years. They realize that if hoth, or’either one of these prominent Democrats seek to make the race for the nomination again, the party might as well con- cede the election of a Republican be- fore the campaign begins. Why could = n--ail | e reche tha Soalh Do o Q. Who executed the reproduc- tions of the sculptored figures copied for the Parihenon at Nashville, Tenn.?—F. T. A. George Julian Zolnay, former president of the Washington Arts Club, reproduced the pieces of sculp- ture, Q. When shouid maple trees be trim- med?—N. A, F. A. Early in June is the best time. Q. Will a gun shoot harder with the butt of the stock against a solid tr ;""d suspended by a string?—J. A. The National Rifle Association says that the pressure in the cham- ber is what fires the shot and as the pressure is constant it makes no dif- ference whether the gun is suspend- ed or against a solid. Q. Where is the oldest Huguenot Church in America?—C. A. H. A. This church, Gothic in design, is in Charleston, S, C Q. What is the origin of mohair? —C. M. G. A. Mohair is made from the wool of the Angora goat, generally of Asia Minor and South Africa. The manufacture of the material was first due to the genius of the rearers of this particular goat and origi- nated in Asla Minor. Mohair fabrics were used in England as early as the eighteenth century. Q. What per cent of children fin- ish high school?—E. H. A. Of the students entering the first grade, 13.9 per cent graduate from high school. Q. Why are London fogs less se- vere than they used to be?—F. W. A. It is probably due to the in- creasing use of electricity in the place of soft coal. London fog is dry fog due principally to the con- densation of aqueous vapor upon the inaumerable particles floating in the air in the smoke from soft coal fires. Q. Wil a snake that is frozen in the Spring?—J. J. A. The Blological Survey says that this is possible. Snakes, however, that thaw quickly do not suryive, but if the thawing process is slow they again become quite active. Q. How many miles make the dif. ference in time of one minute?—W. A A. The difference in local time between any two places is four rain- utes for every degree of difference in longitude. Q. Why does the thought of eat- ing a lemon or pickle make the mouth water?—R. D. A. The sight, smell or thought of food may be very effective in making “the mouth water,” in which case the result is a so-called psychical secre- ton. The impression is sent to the brain and in tu'n the brain sets the salivary glands in action. Q. What _is the limit to which $mell coins must be accepted as le- ®al tender?—W. A. N, A. Bubsidiary silver coins 10 cents, |25 cents, 50 cents are legal tender for Stiff during the Winter come to life | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN bronze are legal tent of 25 cents. Q. What name is applied to men vho make a study of earthquakes!— A. Selsmologists study this science. tender to the ex- Q. Will you give me the pronuncia- tion of the Spanish author's name “lbunez"?—B. C. A. The name Ibanez is pronounced E-ban-yeth. This is the maternal not the paternal name of the author. As is the custom in Latin countries, he added to his paternal name—Blasco— the name of his mother, and it is by the latter that he has become known in America. Q. How much ofl does the Levia- than burn? How much coal did she burn?—S. A. A. The Leviathan now burns and when traveling at a rate of 23 knots per hour burns 875 tons of oil There are no accurate available records on the coal consumption of the Leviathan except at 19 knots per hour. She used from 730 to 750 tons per day. At a speed of 21 knots per hour she used from 790 to 15 tons per day. Q. How far can reach?—M. W. A. His reach Jack Dempsey s 82 inches. Q. What is the significance of the term “original package"?—G. L. T A. In American constitutional law this means the package in whi goods are shipped from one State to another. The United States courts held that where an article is imported into one State from another, it does not lose the protection of the inter- state commerce clause while the orig- inal package remains unbroken and is the property of the importer. Inter- pretation of these decisions made it possible to evade State laws by selling direct to the customer in ‘“original packages.” The importance of this is in its bearing on the sale of cigarettes and other commodities about whick State laws differ. Q. Was Mozart buried in a pauper's grav G. T. A. Mozart died of malignant ty- phoid. The funeral service was held 1D the open air, as was the custom with the poorest class. = The strictest economy was observed in the funeral arrangements. Mozart was buried in a common pauper’s grave, the site of which was soon forgotten. Vienna erected, on the probable spot, a hand- some monument Q. Does the President pay automobiles, etc.?—W. F. H A. The White House with its fur- ,nishings, ‘servants, automobiles and | other appurtenances are furnished to the | President free of charge. Appropria- tions are made by Congress for these | matters of expense. The President, |however, pays for all food consumed |in the White House and in the event of desiring any personal servces not provded for by the appropriation would pay for them also from his private funds. for his (If you have a question you went an- swered send it to The Star information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Twenty-first and C street northwest, The amounts not exceeding $10 in any one payment. Minor coins of nickel and BY FREDERIC In the Senate’s rejection of Charles B. Warren's nomination for the At- torney Generalship President Cool- ldge has suffered the incomparably severest rebuff Congress has yet of- fered him. It is a directly personal rebuff. Its sting lies in its rarity American history has not recorded its like for 57 years. It comes within a few months of Mr. Coolldge’s over- whelming popular victory at the polls. It is the verdict of a Senate in which the administration supposed- Iy held power by a safe if slender margin. Therein lles the menaeing milk in the cocoanut, so far as the Republican high command lIs con- cerned. What the Warren vote means for the future is food for disquieting thought at the White House and for the Republican leadership. A vear ago La Follette was the Insurgent nightmare that kept the G. O. P. writhing in maddening dreams. Now luun is a hydraheaded nightmare in the Senate, with names like Borah, Cousens, Johnson, McMaster, Norbeck and Norris as its outstanding terrors. ] is thers to be a “Borah bloe"? It long has been suspected by certain senatorial seers. Alwavs incorrigi- bly Independent, and making no se- cret of his insurgency, Borah at the present short session has gone the full limit in opposition to regular Republican programs. He fought the committee assignments, with their demotion of Ladd, Brookhart and Frazier. Then he joined the Demo- cratic opposition to the Warren con- firmation. When G. O. P. leaders measure the possibilities of a “Borah bloc” they take heart of grace from the popular theory that Borah, bril- Liant as he is, has no real talent for Teadership. They say he is at his best only when flocking by himself. They contend he never goes all the way on any given proposition—that he is a vigorous beginner, but an early quitter. Somewhere there is a problem to the effect that what has never been can always be. Borah may consider thet he at length has opportunity for bold, thoroughgoing leadership. Supposing he should put himself at the head of the Dawes senatorial reform movement? ~Who would dare predict how far, on such an issue, fomented as Borah alone could foment it, the Idahoan might not go? He might go as far as 1928— and after. * ¥ * X Now that Charles Beecher Warren is temporarily in eclipse, curiosity is general as to why President Cool- idge named him for the Attorney Gen- eralship. The appolntment meant nothing from a politico-geographical standpolnt, for Senator Couzens told the Senate that “nine-tenths of the people of Michigan” opposed War- ren's nomination. It denoted no rec- ognition of & conspicuously brilljant not these gentlemen divert their per- sonal ambitions into other channels. it is asked. Attention is called to the fact that in 1926 a Senator is to be elected in New York and also in Call- tornia. Why not run Smith agalnst Wadsworth in New York and -~ Me- Adoo against Shortridge in Call= fornia? If they were elected, then they might be willing to remain in the Senate. If defeated, they might be eliminated anyway from the presi- dential race. The Democrats seem to have been doing fairly well in the Senate from 4 political standpoint in this new ses- sion. On one day they hold aloof and permit the Republican organization to drub the progressives on the Re- publfcan side of the aisle. On the next day they vote with the progressives to defeat the President's nominee for Attorney General. It seems clear that the Democrats are out to play their own game and no one else’s. Col. Theodore Roosevelt, former Assistant Secretary of the Navy and recently a candidate for governor in New York, is In) w‘.:.mmm gc;mq 8. for his hunt! trip. juto foeh b o ety o it from the United States for half = year or more. He Is making no state- ments at present regarding his politi- cal plans after he returns to this country. But the Roosevelts have never been quitter only charge for this service is 2 cents in stamps for return postage.) WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS WILLIAM WILE |legal mind, for Mr. Warren, while suc- cessful at the bar, is not a lawyer of the Root, Knox, Hughes or Stone type. Before Mr. Warren's selection was publicly announced, the Presi- dent received warnings from more than one disinterested quarter that the appointment would not be & happy one. The explanation most widely offered for Mr. Coolidge's insistence upon Warren is that the President liked the Detroiter’s handling of the platform situation at the Cleveland natlonal convention. Warren was the chairman of the committee on resolu- tions. He was in conference with MF. Coolidge at Washington on the eve of the convention. In & very large sense, Warren was the Presi- dent’s personal emissary there. The White House thought he acquitted himself well under conditions that were at times more delicats and more menacing to convention . harmony than the public knew. * % ¥ x One-‘of Calwin Coolidge's political virtues (or vices, depending on whose particular ox is being gored) Is tenac- ity of purpose. There are political cross-word puzzlers who call it stub- bornness. No one at this hour can say that the President is ready o call it quits, as far as Warren Is concern- ed. More than once in recent weeks the view has been hazarded in well informed quarters that Warren was Coolidge’s “eventual choice for the Secretaryship of State. Mr. Kellogg according to these wiseacres, wasonly to fill the stop-gap of the months or a year Immediately following Mt Hughes' retirement, and then. the suave, natural-born diplomat, who made a creditable record at = Tokio and patched up things with Mexico, was to be summoned to the State De- partment. It may be that the Presi- dent figures that Warren as foreign minister would be acceptable to a Senate that will not have him as At- torney General. * % x x Vice President Dawes’ enemi they have multiplied visibly since March 4—will be sure to take him to task afresh for playing truant when Warren's fate was at stake, As a matter of fact. there is nothing in the Constitution that requires the ce President to preside over the Senate at any and all times. It does not even require his presence in Washington at any given moment or for any given period. Mr. Dawes. therefore, was not running away from his job in absenting himself at the particular time his decisive vote would have saved the day .for Mr Warren. Rule 1 of the Senate’s stand- ing rules for the conduect of busi ness provides that “in the absence of the Vice President, the Senate shall choose a President pro tempore.” Se tion 3 of the Constitution says that “thé’ Vice President of the United States shall be President of the nats, biat shall have no vote, unless they Dbe equally ‘divided.” Nowhere is there mandatory- inatruction about ow muchk time the Vice President 8hall:spend on .his somewhat decora- tive émployment. X g * ko Charles € Deiwvey, Assistant Secre- Ptary > of - the ‘Treasury, has about thrown up his hands in the endeavor to popularize the American cartwheel Under his direction 10,000,000 in new silver dollars was issued, hut they kep coming back, instead of staying out. Mr. Dewey has reached the con- clusion that the country will not carry “hard money” except for change and that the §0 cent plece i5 about as high as it will go in the way of keep- ing Uncle Sam’s silver in circulation R Alice Longworth is undoubtedly a wonder. Motherhood has made her as buoyant, vivacious and debonair as a debutante. In the Senate wing of the Capitol, where she has promptl resumed her favorite listening pos “Mrs. Speaker” can be seen these days, looking as youthful as a woman 15 years ber junlor,and apparently, fee - ing ‘it, 'too. Her brothér. Col, Teddy. Jr. has . come to Washington to make the acquaintance of his nlece. Mrs. Longworth's to her friends. (Copyrizhi. 193ad