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ITHE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY. ...January 22, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. The Evening Star Newspaper Company Burlaess Office, 11th St R e e European Ofice o PeE month; 5 only, 20 cents per by nail or tele leotion Is made by ear. cent: Tiers at the ead of Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance, Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday..1yr., $8.40; 1 mo. Dally only 1 ¥r. $6.00; 1 mo,, 50¢ Bunday only.?.....1yr, $2.40; 1 mo, 20¢ All Other States. | and s $10.00: 1 mo., 85¢ | Sunday oni © $5.00; 1 mo., Zb¢ Associated Press. Is excluxively entitled all news dis of Member of the The Assq 4 T fo the patehes credited to it this paper and also the refn. Al r spatelies her Washington and the Constitution. the it sults of an W tes sion of t itution, i rene he shurr w suggesti, at Congress has not only | “exclusive t uniimit the District nower and enjoy the nal bill | safeguards h the in of st ife and ui on_ provides, The Supreme States, in the 1901, and especial Bidwell, in the the Tnited detail the to the of the United r tariff cases of in Downes aftirme 1 extended of Do insu Vs, as r second caser re var or Belonging territory Lo territory, territory to the Uni A porated there the s P ired ppines and ot by alf nt appurtenant | war gn state constitute “appurten not i ntegral terr part District of Colum s are as integral part ted States. ns in Downes vs. Bidwell, analyzed and indi the « from being subfe rned as such by e Con inst the people are far or slaves, t gov Congress ou of t itution, ted by that nent; | natic is 1 1 their prot Constitution for the protection | t d prope 1 their favor, I vost facto laws, bills titles of nobility and sus of habeas corpus, and tha enjoy the benefit vf‘ personal priv- the bill of | first elght unprot on ter- bitio; egainst ettainde pensions they practica fleges rights embos amendments. probably all the guaranteed by the hether power of dent of the 0 acquire territory or by the unqualified power of Congr “to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the | territory or other property the Trnited States,” are “« United States” and enjoy the constitut | mafe without the de and disabilit nant territory Eight of the nine justices that the organized territories are out- | appurtenant territory All | the justices agree that the the District of Columbia the of As Mr. Ju virtue of uards outside « Brown points out in I well, the District inally constituted of po sovereign States of Ma a, hin the Unit which do not apply the territories. In deciding what on: on were Rico the court r of general Constitution and property mera are it of Columbia, and and Vir- unmistakably for reasons in the case of £ the applicable ence prohibit in in favor of regulations as to in which a cor exercised, but which denial of all author- are not as to the form and manne power may are an absolute sty under any con- ditions to do parti Among the natural rights enforced by the con. stitutional prohibitions a ed the right to ndi- vidual prope of law. The fifth a the bill of rights say LBe »i& e or property of law; nor shall tak for public compensation.” Washingtonians as Zens of the United State u district “within the Un are protected as fully as any other Amerlcans b constitutional safeguards. The of Congress e legislation in the District (of the States any- vody else), but is strictly ted by 1l the constitutional prohibitions and vestrictions. cireum; persona v and due proc n ed No person | life, in | the rivate property use without just | citi- in “person: ing these power 0 exerc! exclusive is or No . ution says: State law impairing the obligation of contracts.” No power is given to Congress to jass such a law, nor is it specifically Forbidden. The Constitution declares that “the powers not delegated to the United Mtates by the Constitution nor pro- Bibited by it to the States are reserved fo the States, respectively, or to the people.” The power to impair the obligation of contracts is mot dele- gated to the United States, and it ot prohibited to the States would be pass any | among the nat | to give | to foliow the advice gi | is not required to regotiate a treaty | ident undertakes to summon the na- armaments for war, “either upon land | or wholesome, so that, denled to the States, it might by inference be vested. in Congress. They denounced it as intrinsically and in essence abhorrent. In explaining and defending this con- stitutional prohidition, the Federalist says: “Laws impairing the obliga- tion of contracts are contrary to the first principles of the social contract and to every principle of sound legis- lation Such laws fundamentally s and hurttul everywhere and whomsoever enacted. When passed State Legislature they unconstitutional, and when passed Ly Congress, without specific consti- tutional authol tion and when act- ing as the District’s State Leglsia ture, they violate certainly the spirit d probably the letter of the Con- itution. The reasonable the Capital including home vieic by by a in behalf of community as @ whole, owners, tenants and landlords, all of the 65,000 real estate ers and the entire 475,000 popu- lation, is that in rents legislation the President and Congress shall check, punish and, for the future, as fur as possible, prevent extortion through -essive rents, by effective measures shall not inflict destructive in- without just compensation and without due process of law upon District realty values, which shall work a minimum of fmpairnient of he abligation of contracts and which not inflict hurtful violation of rights and protective safeguards person and property guaranteed Constitution to all Wasking- plea jury shall tonians. oo The Senate Gives Advice. Some surprise seems to have been occasioned by the fact that the Sen- ate yesterday adopted, without debate a record vote, an amendment to naval bill “authorizing and re. ting” the President to invite tions to a conference for the limitation of armaments. Just why there should be surprise is not ap- It would rather have been on for surprise had the pro- the subject<of se- record vote upon the resolution amounts to ar ssion of amiable intentions, and not to much else. The Senate is perfectly within rights in thus its An or the que ot parent. an occas > made al been debate or a it nanded giving expression to effective agreement s for the limitation ar nts would necessarily take form of a treaty, and the Sen- constitus lly a part of the making power of this Govern- it. competent, to give advice and or withhold assent. In “au- thor and requesting” the Presi- dent to call an armaments conference it is making use of its prerogative to give advice, and nothing more, The President is in no way bound ven, any more of the muthority nate pronouncement. all the authority initiate and conduct ne- gotlations looking to the formulation of treaties, and that authority can neither be enlarged nor diminished by Senate resolution. The President views. of he nan ne ate is treat m has need an he rried in the S He already needed to because the Senate advises him to, nor is the Senate required to ratify a treaty because the President has ne- gotiated it. The Senate's action, therefore, is to be commended as @ re-expression of America’s oft-expressed desire for peace and good will among the na- tions, Anything that tends to make nations and peoples think in terms of peace instead of in terms of war is a distinct contribution to better understandings. But before the Pres- tions of the earth to Washington to formulate an agreement by which | sea,” shall be effectively reduced d lmited there are practical as well as idealistic considerations he will have to take into account. A primary one is the willingness of other nations to attend such a con- ferenco and to enter into such an agreement. Another is of tho causes which keep nations armed, and ways in which such causes might be re- moved, A third, and very important, consideration the contribution which America could meke to & scheme of general limitation of arma- especlally of armaments on a ments, land, Of course, the President could in- vite the nations here and, it they came, we could give them good ad- vice. But it is much to be feared that our advice, unless accompanied 2 quid pro quo, would not be of wter practical effect than was the advice given yesterday by the Senate in its amendment to the naval bill. —r———————— Russla and Japan have included in thelr treaty an agreement to ab- stain from propaganda on both sides. A world-wide understanding to this fect would assist in removing com- plications and also release much val- uable energy into channels of useful industry. gr o The farmer will have to go ahead and plant another year's crops with- out waiting for fertilizer fronr Muscle Shy ————————— The Inauguration. There was printed on this page yes- terday an appeal by Frederic Willlam Wile to the President of the United States to do for the sake of the great American Boy something he seldom, it ever, does—namely, to change his mind. He'was urged on behalf of that well known American character to re- vise his determination to restrict the coming inaugural parade to a rather drab-colored and brief cortege, and asked in a way that, if he read it, must have made some impression on him. No man who as a lad saw an old- fashioned inaugural procession, or who even dreamed of seeing one, could read without a pang of sympathetic longing that article in which Mr. Wile appealed to Mr. Coolidge to suppress his distaste for show and to be a boy himself again just for a day; to re- reserved to them or to the people. But this power is prohibited to the States and apparently lodges nowhere. The framers of the Constitution did Tiot view the power to impair the chilgation of contracts as necessary member that on March 4 he is some- thing more than just a man, or an official, with likes and-dislikes. THE the date of the last purade, or who were too young to witness that pageant, and who have lived in steady hopes of seeing this year, either {n the flesh or at least on the silver screen, a procession of the sort described to them {n such glowing terms by thelr elders. Whether State governments, local clubs or civic organizations, wealthy “angels” or the men and officers themselves bear the cost of transport- ing to the National Capital those qut- standing - military units which, by reason of historic prestige, excellent training and impressive and inspiring uniforms, so vary and illumine the usual inauguration, there is not the slightest doubt that they will get here, provided the Presldent speaks or writes to Inaugural Chairman Gal- liher just two words. These troops want to come; their fellow citizens want them to come. No ardent lover ever hoped against hope for a favora- ble answer more yearningly than do the people of this District and this country. Senator Vest is famous for his ap- peal on behalf of the dog. Mr. Wile has come Into his class with hi peal for that boy who, he contends, is worth his weight In all the gold Eu- rope owes us or that is in the Treas- ury vaults. And, to be perfectly hon- est, there is a good bit of the self- sacrificing, circus-going father in all male parents, while as for the ladies, to twist a famillar quotation, the fair surely a chance to and to the brave and bravely clad. see the deserve applaud r——— Perplexities abounding in the social systems of the present world do not prevent alert and studious inquiry into problems of communication with the next one. It is confidently hoped, however, that definite solutions of questions now before the world can be arrived at without walting for the perfection of supernatural means of obtaining knowledge, o The inaugural address of President Coolidge will be carried: by radio to v part of the U. S. A. This fact will not prevent the usual crowds from bLeing present to witness the event in the Capital City. The most marvelous mechanisms have not vet succeeded in taking the place of sight and hearing at close range. — e Onie of the attractions of the word puzzle lies in the fact is a form of literary expre likely to disclose either profanity or propaganda. e Theater managers not night parking restrictions. Motorists, too, may feel that'there is already a reasonable supply of regulations with- out adding a curfew law. e vt If any one were bold enough to suggest an amendment to the Ten Commandments to apply specially to modern conditions, it would probably be, “Thou shalt not smuggle.” e There might be less danger of high rents and overcrowding if the con- struction of houses could be stand- ardized &s thoroughly as that of au- tomobiles has been. —————————— The ease with which Senator Hiram Johnson can obtain all the informa- tion he wants may very possibly take some of the zest out of the pursuit. ——————— Protests are made against watering bootleg liquor. Curtalling the water | reduces its one reliable element of | purity. evel that on un- do SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON January. Sunshine smilin’ in @ January sky. Pretty soon it fades an’ then the snow begins to fiy. But the skies will soon be brighter An’ the anows keep fallin’ lighter. We are sure the April rainbow will be with us by and by. New Year beamin' with a resolution fine! Pretty soon it faded. hold in line, But we'll keep up the endeavor. Hard luck cannot last forever, And at last that good old “rez” will show a permanent design. The Bad News. ‘Have you told your constituents they will have to economize?" 'No,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Everybody finds that out for him- self. What's the use of emphasizing bad news."” It was hard to Surplus of Topics. In raising the indignant shout Which doth betimes delight the soul, ‘We have so much to kick about ‘We've ‘'most forgot the price of coal. A Jail Gone Wrong. “I see you have completed the new jail,” commented the occasional visitor. 'Taint @ jail any more,” replied Cactus Joe. “It turned out to be the only comfortable place to live in the Guich, So we turned it into a hotel.” Jud Tunkins mays there are bound to be moments when we wish there were fewer automobiles and more snow plows. Deference to Superiority. “People are never satisfied,” com- mented Mr. Meekton. “There is no progress without some discontent.” “I know that, and perheps it will work out for the best. I admitted that woman is the superior of man. Henrletta now insists that there should be a constitutional amend- ment giving a woman two votes to her husband’s one, Economical Construction, Gayly the Eskimo Sings his glad serial; He finds in ice and snow Building material. “One of de most important moves There are in this citysand scattered all over this country boys who either were not on earth in March, 1917, toward disarmament dat I knows of,” said Uncle Eben, “was de invention of de safety resor. ) want ! to the soldlers of the World War. not EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. 0, THURSDAY, BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. He was mnot Senator Wesley L. Jones of Washington, after all! Then who was he? Who is he? Recently 1 printed, in this column, an article which began ‘Senator Wesley L. Jones of Washington backed me up against the outside of the oyster house on the corner, and proce ded to freeze me stiff in a cold wind 7hile heitold of his 18.000-mile chautauqua trip. Several days following letter, planatory: 1y Dear Mr. Tracewell: “While I have no recollection of holding you up In the cold and while I never made & chautauqua. speech in my life, I certainly did enjoy your article In The Star. “I enjoy all your articles, but I en- joyed that one especially. There was a great deal of the human as well as the personal in it. You may stand me up any time you want to. “Wishing you every success, I am, “Sincerely yours, W. L. JON which I duly replied, as follows: My Dear Senator: Your kind letter terday was very much enjoyed by me, not only because of the unique sttuation disclosed In it, but also be- cause of the much appreciated ref- erences to my work, “What 1s worrying me now is: If the kind_gentleman whom I called “Senator Jones’ and whom I took to be you, was not you, who in the thunder was he? Anyway, your let- ter shows ma that the human Kind- ness which I attributed to you in the article Is a quality which deed, possess, and I count riunate to make your acq With deepest cat good wishes, 1 ‘Sincerely yours, “CHARLES E. TRACEWELL * ok ok ok The mystery of the tall man with the rugged face will remain until my conversationalist of the oyster house corner at Twelfth and B streets comes forward to proclaim his identity. Readers of this column may re- member that in that former article, after the first paragraph, I said: “I tell this, not to lmpress the reader with my familiarity with Sena- tors, because he 1s the only one I know, but merely. to show what a friendly man Senator Jones is and how cold that corner wai It would seem I do not know even one Senator, since the genlul one from the great State of Washington disclaims being the man who froze me on the corner. Who Is he? During the lengthy conversation that big fellow never once rafused to take my salutation of “Senator Jones” and “Senator,” which I sprinkled in copfously, as Is the manner of most men when speaking to a member of of our great halls on the Hill He told me of his long chautauqua trip; how he made two speeches a one entitled “At the End of the bow,"” the other having a title I Lve forgotten. This hig chap in the light-brown overcoat said that he de- lighted in the places and people he | mét: that he learned more about the It States in this work than he yuld in any other sort of endeavor whatever. He told of standing on the very »ot in New Hampshire, or some New ngland State, where Ethan Allen was born and related how the inn- keeper informed him of this Interest- ing fact. A few days later I met him on the IN TODAY’S later I feceived the which is self-ex- )n of your Billions of dollars’ worth of life in- surance certificates are now in process of mailing from the Veterans' Bureau ey will not mature for 20 years and can- legally be used as collateral se- curity for any loan to the holder until two years from the date of the cer- tificate. Hence they are of no assist- ance to the needy veteran now out of employment and homeless. After two years a bank may lend him 387, provided he will secure his note with a policy certificate having a face value of $1,000. Taking & tangible case for f{llustra- tion, & soldler enlisted February 16, 1918, and ‘served 136 days in America and 339 days overseas. When he was discharged he was given a honus of $60, which amount must be deducted from his present adjusted compensation, leaving his “adjusted service credit” $4989.75. The amount of Insurance that sum will cover for him depends on his age at sent. 5 PTI¢ now he ba 90 years of age his ingurance, maturing when he reaches 50 years of age, will be $1.261.39. If, however, he is today 65 years of age, though he eerved the maximum length of time, or is entitled to the maximum “gdjusted service credit” of $625, his insurance Wwill be only $1,180.25—for ho is likely to die carller than the 30-year-old veteran who served only a little more than half the service of the older man. By the time the 65-vear- old veteran reaches the age f\f 68 he caw go to bank with his certificate of $1,150.25 as collateral and borrow $103.85. The younger man, who had cerved about half as long, can borrow $11091 on his certificats of $1,261.39. These are maximum {llustrations of the eculiarities of the law. Pih case the loan from the bank (to be made In 1927 or later) be not pald by the veteran when due, the Gov- ernment will pay the bank and hold the veteran's cortificate as security. No further loan can be obtained on that certificats, because It will no longer be in the Veteran’s possession. When the veteran dies the insurance will be pald to his beneficlary of rec- ord, less the lomn with its accrued interest at ¢ per cemt. * k X ¥ Hundreds of thousands eof the cer- tificates have reached veterans since January 1, and already reports are zoming back to the Veterans' Bureau that there ara some soldlers who seem too impatient to wait until the 20- yoar certificates mature or until death brings the insurance to immediate availabllity for their heirs and as- signs. These veterans are charged with borrowing money from other lenders than banks, In spite of the prohibition in the law which makes such transactions vold. They need the money, and certain lenders are willing to “take & chance” upon the law; 50 where a loan value two years henée would amount to, say, $100. they advance $25 cash at once and take the oertificats as security, with the agresment of the veteran that he will make the lender his beneficlary under the certificate. The assumption is that two years from, now the sol- fer can go to bank, accompanied by the lender, thers borrow the maxi- mum and pay efther the full amount to the lender or such part as usurious practices will demand. The lender ‘may or may not be aware that the veteran can change his beneflolary at will as often as he cares to do so. The lender, thersfore, must take great chances on his se- curity in the good falth of the bor- rower, since his collateral {s void. Taking such risks, it is an axiom of business that the rate of interest, or the premium demanded, must be In proportion, but the veteran cares less for that than he does for immediate possession of cash to meet present emergencies. So when the Govern- ment rewards the service of the sol- dier the chances are said to be that the soldier gets about $25 and the usurer $76. R -In & notice through the prese Jast ‘Wisconsin avenue strest car line. We were {n one of those one-man cars and I commiserated with my friend over being forced to ride on tuat you have to ride on this line, 1 asked. “Yes, unfortunately,’ enator Jones,” 1 sald, friend,” Introducing a companion. shook hands “Don’t think I have no overcoat” sald the Senator—or whoever he wat "I left it downtown.” He was im- maculately dressed and he is a fine tellow. Now the point is that I have talked to this man for years, always calling him Senator Jones, and always sup- posing him to be Senator Wesley L. Jones of Washington. No, he is not Senator A. A. Jomes of New Mexico. 1 know him by sight, although, perhaps, you will not be- lieve me, and I cannot much blame you if you do not. L But, shucks—who mistakes of this kind? Maybe mnot with such a distin- gulshed man as a Senator, but cer- tainly with some one. Meeting per- sons who know you, but whom you do not know, is one of the commonest occurrences of life. Especially when you go back to the old home town! Do you remember that last trip “back home"? Expe- rience had taught you that to say almost anything that savored of boasting would expose you to the charke of being “stuck up.” The greatest crime of all, in the eyes of the villagers, was not to te- member every Tom, Dick and Harry of childhood days. They all remembered bu_to remember them Hello, BllI, dont you remember me?” beamed old Farmer Hicks of Hicksville, down in Posey County. “Sure! you beam. “Bet your life I remember you!" While you are mouthing this you are secretly wondering: “Who on earth is this old codger, anyway? If he finds out I don't know who he Is, he will go back home and tell all the folks I am stuck up. “'Member that time we druv the old mare all over the county, and when ye got home yer paw glve yu a good llckin’?” asks the old fellow, his chin whiskers wiggling in delight. The lines on his honest old face wrinklo with pleasure. “You bet I remember! haw!" Or the scene may be laid in the city. It is some formal function, where you meet a distinguished gen- tleman who greets you with every evidence of genuine delight on his features, as he wrings your hand and goes through the polite formal- ities. You cudgel your brain- to rem ber his name, and for the life of you cannot just get it. You are good at remembering faces —everybody is! —but when it comes to remembering names, well— Just then a beautiful woman friend of yours bears ‘dowr upon you two. You dra'w yourself up to meet the In- evitable. It Is terrible—but it must be done Miss Sweet, may I present Ah-er-um-um-um,” as your trails off into the unintelllgible. No, I am not the only person in the world who gets his Senators mix- ed up! SPOTLIGHT has not made vou, and ex- Haw, haw! m- Mr, volce BY PAUL V. COLLINS. Monday Gen. Hines, director of the Veterans' Bureau, emphasized & warn- ing to persons attempting to pur. chase such certificates or to lend money upon them. At the Veterans' Bureau yesterday officlals also em- phasized the fact that the holders of such certificates, even though made beneficiaries, had no security, for the law made such transactions vold. * ok % Investigation into the actual expe- riences of the Pension Bureau under identically the same restrictions upon penslon certificates proved, however, <hat the abuse Is not safeguarded where “sharks” undertake to prey upon the veterans. At the close of our Mexican War most of the soldlers received their dlscharges at New Orleans. At that time no legislation had passed to grant any bonus or reward to the veterans, yet New Orleans was in- fested with speculators who bought the soldlers’ “honorable discharges” for from $5 to $10. Later, Congress voted to give every soldier with an honorable discharge a homestead of 160 acres, and then these “sharks’ appeared with their assigned discharges and took possession of the virgin farms. It was the prospect of the immediate cash that betrayed the veterans in that case, as it s again today. Following the Civil War the “pen- slon attorney” scandal grew to enor- mous proportions. Part of the meth- ods of those days was for attornays to lend money to pensioners and hold their certificates as security, in spite of the law forbidding it. That prac- tice persists to this day, but when a veteran complains the Penslon Bu- reau recovers tha certificates from the lender, who loses hip security and 1s ltable to g0 to the penitentiary. Not only the lender Is thereby vio- lating the law, but also the veteran who so uses his certificats. Many cases are on record whers both the lender and the veteran have gone to the penitentiary for the misdemeanor involved In the transaction. Pretenses have often been mads by pension agents that they had render- ed service outside the mere necessi- ties in securing & claim which justi- fled extra charges. One such case s cited at the Pension Bureau of a lawyer who, In addition to the then lezal fes of $25 for fillng & widow's claim for a pension, got from her $310 and demanded $135 more. He was sentenced to the penitentlary. A Baltimore soldler of the Clvil War borrowed 330 and gave his pension certificate as security. The lender got possession of the next pension check for $36, but as he could not cash it he refused to surrender It unless the soldier first repaid his $30 loan, since the soldler had earned a reputation of unrellability {n such matters. Re- sult: Both lender and soldler wers found guilty of a misdemeanor and sent to the Ppenitentiary. * ok % Any person whe charges a World War soldler anything for assisting his getting the adjusted compensa~ tion is liable to a fine of $500 or im- prisonment for a year, or both (sec- tion 309). Any bank o# other lender Wwho overcharges a veteran is penal- ized under the law in the sum of §100 in addition to the voldance of the overcharge; but using the certificate as collateral prior to the two years does not appear to be a misdemeanor as In the case of the pension. The law simply makes the security void. Senator Jones of New Mexico has introduced a bill to abolish the two. year walt in the loanability of the Veterans' Bureau certificates, but it is said that thers is no expectation that the bill will be brought up for passage this Winter. (Coprright, 1925, by Paul V. Collins.) ———— The war in China is now about on its last legs. Due, perhaps, to the unofficial observers in the shape of forelgn battleships~—Loutsville Cou- r-Journal, < 2 - - JANUARY 22, 1925. The North Window BY LEILA MECHLIN. Some months ago a bronze portrait bust of Willlam M. Chase was pre- sented to New York University and permanently placed in ths Gould Memorial Library in memory of this eminent American painter. It was the work of Albin Polasek, a one- time fellowship holder in sculpture at the American Academy In Rome, and the gift of Mr. Chase’s pupils. The ocourence is brought to mind at this time by the issuance of a little pamphlet reporting the memorial ex ercises attending the unveiling and ®iving an excellent photographic re- production of th:e bust. The presen- tation address was made by W. Francklyn Parls, who was followed by Charles W. Hawthorne and Irving R. Wiles, all three former puplls of the master. What they said was of interest not merely ag referring to Mr. Chase but as applicable to othe great painters-artists. So true, fact, 18 it and so worth remember- ing that 1t may weil be quoted Mr. Parls spoke of Chase not as an artist but rather as a teacher and as a man, and he borrowed the terms that Carlyle used in speaking of Mirabeau when he gaid “The world loves its orlginal men and can in no- wise forget them.” hase,” Mr. Parls olalmed, “was an original man. not in the same sense as Mirabeau, who made as many enemies by hit originality as he mads friends, but in the senSe that he made friends by a process thet usually produces en- omles—the process of saying what vou think regardless of the contrary opinion of the person you address or wio addresses you” “Nothing," h sald, “was true for Chase because the verdict of the mob had decreed it He had to convince himself by per- sonal observation and study before he acoepted any theory, no matter how widely held. Even in contradle- tion, however, he had & way with him that disarmed, & gentleness, a sin- cerity, an evident desire not to wound, that melted all opposition and made resentment fmpossible.” Recounting some of the honors that came to William' M. Chase as an artist, honors which hava been accorded to few, Mr. Parls continued that “great as was Wililam M. Chase &s a painter, he was greater as a teacher and greatest as an original man” This is an interesting thought—who are the great “original men? Surely none will deny Whistler's originality, nor Monet's, nor Velasquez's nor Rembrandt's, nor the two outstand- ing artists—our ‘own American, George Bellows, und the Russian, Leon Bakst, Who both passed from the world very lately, seemingly too soon The world Is clamoring today for orig- inality—originality In design and ex- pression. We are chided for following in th footsteps of our forefathers: finger of scorn is pointed at us b we copy the works of the past. S seem yot to understand that originality is something which is born, not made We cannot have original art unless have original men and women. It wo be folly to euppuse that any one of the original men of art of whom mention has been made deliberately set out to be different from his fellow men, his fel- low artists. The fact was that it was impossible in every instance to be the same; the vision, the personality, every- thing was different and the difference held & lure. Sometimes originality car- res with it a penalty. The original artist is not always on the {nstant un- derstood, and often he bas to batts his way for this reason, to recognition; he has to turn the tide of vision out of old ruts into new directions. * ok ok ™ As a rule this opposition affects the artist—the painter, the sculptor—less than it does the writer or the leader in other fields, because he gets such great compensation from his work all along life's way, whether it be smooth or rough. William M. Chase used to say of himself, “I happen to be a member of the most magnificent pro- fession that the world knows” and his friends testify that he lived up to this conception of what a painter is by the most lofty and the most rigld observance of every professional prin- ciple, “He loved his work and took great pride in the fact that he was a valiant soldler enlisted in defense of the cause of beauty and of art.” He was a happy painter. Of him as an artist, Charles W. Hawthorne said: “He was a born painter, he loved {t; painting was almost a monomania with him He delighted in the doings of things with oil paint. Representing the visi- ble world was a joy to him and his love was so strong and his bellef so sure that they have found their way fnto his work.” Alluding to this characteristic, Mr. Hawthorne con- tinued: “The sum of human experi- ences have given birth to certain folk-sayings, proverbs, which express some human aspiration or truth. One of the most beautiful of these is the one that pleads for doing §ood or be- ing fine and genuine without any idea of reward. This has many expres- sfons. The poet's ‘do good by stealth and blush to find it fame' is very beautiful, but I like batter,” said Mr. Hawthorne, “it's biblical forebear: ‘Seek ye first the Kingdom of Heaven and its righteousness and all things will be added unto you'" “How truly,” he exclaimed, “might one ap- ply this to the life of a painter. His whole existence is seeking, Is trying to apply the truth tomorrow that he has learned today, and after a 1ife- time of this seeking, this trying, this artistio integrity, he s crowned by a vision and an expression of beauty denled to other men" That an ex- cellent definition of an artist; what a perfect explanation of that typical joyousness of dlsposition so many artists possess! - ERE Y George Bellows, whoss death on January 8, at the age of 42, came as & great shock to many In the world of art, was not only an ‘“original man,” as Carlyle defines ft, seemingly possessed of the typlcal winning personality, the Instinctive Joyousness of the artist. In an appre- ciation of his lifs and work in a recent {ssue of the Art News, Frank Crowninshield, the son of the late Frederick Crowninshield, for many years one of our leading American artists, sald: “Hls two chief char- acteristica were, I should say, a blant and outsppken honesty and a sort of emanation or radiation of happiness. He seemed always to be having a good time. Life was more than an adventure to himy it bordered on the realms of romance. In everything that he did, in his life with Mrs. Bellows, In his passionate addiction to sport, in his abgonption In lithog- raphy, in playlng with children, in carpentering and machinery, in hang- ing a show of the New Soclety of Artists, in dining with his friends— no one could have been more instinct with happiness, more ready for laughter, more truly in love with life” Herein, as well as by reason of his originality, George Bellows won both friends and “a place in the sun.” * ko % There was little or no similarity between the work of Willlam M. Chase and that of George W. Bellows —they were as far apart as the East is from the West—and vet, they were allke. One of Willlam M. Chase's slogans was “Good painting—mak- ing much out of little,” and the ex- ample that he set before his students was Rembrandt's beef at the Louvre. Speaking of Bellows' work, Mr. Crowninshield tells us that almost any subject appealed to him. “His theory seemed to be that a good painter should, In his nature, be like a good sportsman. He should start forth adventuring, with his paint box under his arm, ready for any kind of game that chanced to come along. Rembrandt had showed him the vir- tue of this method.” Chase was ever in pursuit of beauty and beauty of & Tatier gentle sort; te Bello ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. Who was the first “Washington correspondent”?—A. V. C, A. James Gordon Bennett, sr., has sald that he was the first to give the business of letter-writing from Washington “its present light and amusing character in a aeries of 1 ters published in the New York Fn- quirer in the years 1827-1828. Before that period “a Washington letter writer simply gave the dull details of both houses, the abstracts of reports or a few sketches of the speakers.” Q. When was the first fnaugural ball held?—W. W. F. A. In 1809, when President Madi- son was inaugurated, for the first time the festivities of ths day were continued into the evening and took the form of a dancing assembly or inauguration ball. Both the retiring President, Thomas Jefferson, and the new President, James Madison, at- tended. The company numbered about 400, Q. A man welghs 150 pounds. How much is he worth if he is worth his weight in gold?—C. D, J A. A troy pound of gold would be worth $245.04 An _avoirdupois pound would be worth $30143. The price of gold 18 fixed by international agreement at $20.67 a troy ounce; 150 avolirdupots pounds of gold would be worth $45,214.50. Q. How many Bibles are distrib- uted by the American Bible Society? —G. A. R, A. The latest figures are for 1923, when 7,101,289 Bibles were distrib- uted. This was an increase of 2.638,- 222 over the preceding vear. In China alone the increase was over 1,000,000 cor Q. Why is the Mississippi River called “the Father of Waters”?—R. S. A. This is a literal translation for the Indian name Mississippi. Q. How many bananas are used in this country?—W. L P. A. In 1823 the imports of bananas to the United States wers 1,044,689 carload tons of 2,240 pounds. Q. Whoss idea was it to have at Columbla University an “interna- tional houss” and what religions are represented?—D. B. A. The idea was that of Mr. and Mra. Harry Edmunds. Brahmanism, Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Judaism, Hinduism, Jainism, Islam or Zoroastrianism are represented Q. Kindly tell me what is meant by the water recovery system rela- | tive to the dirigible Los Angeles?— L R. J. As along it losing gasoline makes the ship a tendency to the. Los Angeles cruises uses up gasolite and upon loses welght, wh ghter and gives it increase the altituda as it loses welight. This is a dis- advantage when landing, unless some of the gas le valved by letting | it out of the cells. Helium is valua- ble, however, and is not to be lost whan it can ba avolded. The water recovery system s an apparatus by means of which watar is recovered from the exhaust gases of the er gine by condensation. The water so recovered represents about 90 per cent of the welght of the fuel burned. The recovery of water thus comp sates for the fuel burned and main- talns the 1ift of the ship at a fixed value. Q. What is meant by the Arlington time signal as broadcast’—A. B A. The Arlington 10 o'clock is sent out as a check for mariners at sea Q. 1 hear that in Copenhagen one of the theaters has an unusual curtain. Can you tell me about it?— W i A. You evidently refer to the beautiful theater, the curtain of which is in the form of a mammoth peacook. When the curtain is to be “raised,” the peacock furls its tail when the curtain is to bs “lowered A wide difference of opinion exists in the expression of editors concern- ing the selection by President Cool- fdge of Frank B. Kellogg as suc- cessor to Charles F. Hughes as Secra- tary of State. Estimates Mr. Kellogg a8 Lead of the State Depart- ment run from high praise of an able statesman to the ‘qurt dismissal with the opinfon that he will be a “lame duck,” who may bs expected to be a “rubber stamp” man for thePresident, who will conduct his own foreign relations. “Mr. Kellogg is exceptionally quali- fled to carry on the work which Mr. Hughes drops,” declares ths New York Herald Tribuns (Repubiican), which continues: “He was a member of the Senate forefgn relations com- mittes during the Versailloa treaty deadlock. He was not then and never has been an isolationist. He thor- oughly understands the Senate's point of view in foreign affairs and is on friendly terms with all the Senute forelgn relations committes mambers. Mr. Kellogg will be In an even better position to win Senate support of the world court protocol than Mr. Hughes was.” He has an exceptional first-hand knowledge of the Intricacies of the réparation problem and will need no apprenticeship at it, as almost any other choice for Secretary of Stats would. On the other hand, and hyr way of contrast, the New York World (in- dependent Democratic) say: Mr. Hughes retires with grace and credit. It {s Mr. Coolidge's position that calls for sympathy. After March 4, with Mr. Kellogg retained, he will be without a Secretary of State, without even a subordinate of first-rate training to carry out whatever poli- ofes Mr. Coolidge hals time to formu- late. Mr. Coolidge will find that a burden.” Tke Sloux Falls Argus Leader (Re- publican) says: “Mr. Kellogg, with his exparfence abroad, will, of course, be no mere rubber stamp, but at the same time the Secretaryship of State is not likely to continue to be as important a post as Mr. Hughes made it In the opinion of the Kansas City Star (independent) ‘the coun- try has had little opportunity to ap- praiee the diplomatic equipment and services of the new Secretary of State. President Coolldge has had such opportunity, and his selection of Ambassador Kellogg will be ac- quiesced in because of general con- fidence In the President's judgsment. In the last four years the forelgn policy of the United States has been established on traditional and reason- able American lines. It will be the easy and the expected thing for the new Secretary to follow in the courss laid down by Mr. Hughes. If he does 80 he will not go far wrong.” * K K K The El Paso Herald (Independent) thinks Mr. Kellogg's career has been a well rounded one, “such as seems admirably to fit him for the secre- beauty interpreted itself often through the medium of ugliness, strength, even vulgarity. He, too, gloried in the tail of the peacock 13 flung oug across the width of the stage. Q. How many wrecks have thers been off Sable Island?—M, C. A. From both ends of this island sand bars extend into the ocvan for about 2 It is on the route between Ame Great Britain and more than 200 wrecks have oc- cured in these waters. Indian word A M. t place™ Q. What does the “Katahdin” mean?— A. It means “highe: . Were apartment houses or flats bu?{l first in the United States?—N. M. J. AL Large bulldings or flats have n in existence in some Europsan es, like Paris, Berlin and Roma, for many years. In Paris great blocks of apartments were srected under the second emplre (1862-70). In German a Austria similar apartn houses were built, gen ally of the French model. In the ited States the earliest apartments were built in New York between 187 and 1875 to meet the changed condi- ns following the Civil War, Q. Are there any people who eat all thelr food raw?—J. F. A. At the present time it i= doubt- ful whether there are any people who do not use some process of preparing or cooking food. The extremely far northern Eskimos h: ually eat their meat in a raw state, other food con- sisting entirely of uncooked fruit berries. But it has be found th v these tribes occastonally thaw out frozen meat ugh part! b To what school money given?—>M. B A. The Duke beque trust embracing property value of at least $40,000,0 includes approximately three-fourths of the holdings of the Southern Power System. This trust {s to be adminis- tered by fifteen trustess, who will constitute @ self-perpetrating body. The trustees are directed to spend a eum not exceeding $6,000,000 in ac- quiring land and erecting and equip- ping a building for the establish- ment of an institution of learning in South Carolina to be known and operated as the Duke University, the provision that If Trinity at Durham, N. C, €ees it to changa its na Duke University sum may be sp extending Trin- ity College. @ How and Democrat last campaign H A. Tha reported expenditures of ths national Republican and Democratic committees w Republican, $3,17 000; Demoeratic, 000, Q. Please give of tha director of the District—G A. Mr. Edward B. Shaw, 927 Fif- teenth street, is head of B Soouts of tho District of Columb The oolored Scouts come under M Shaw's direction. Q was such much did the Republ > parties spend in t re s name and addre Al Boy S Q. Wwin vehicle equipped w tall wheels be more easily draw over rough ground than ons Wit smaller wheels”—Ix V. B A. The Bureau of Standards s that tall wheels go over une ground more easily and the axle fri tion is less. Q. Is it true that the leaves of t: willow tree did not droop until after the crucifixion of Jesugé—J. D. A. The legend of the drooping « the leaves of the willow tres, accord ing to tradition, s that the handls of the epear used to plerce the sids of Christ was compozed of ths wood of the willow tree & (Readers of The Evening Star shovid send their guestions to Tha Star formation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin director, Twenty-first and C atrests northwest. The only oharge for this servica is 2 conls in stamps for retu= postage.) Kellogg, as Secretary of State, Both Praised and Condemned of state” Whils - Wichita Beacon (independent Re- publican) thinks, “As United States Senator he obtained a wholesoma ex- perience in the field of quasi-legisia tive treatment of treaties, and should be a successful cablnet mem- ber.” In the opinion of the San Francisco Bulletin (independent) *Ar. Kallogg is a man of expsrience both in domestlo and International affaire, and his service at London has bean marked by promptness and dignity That he s notably qualified,” the Bul- letin thinks, “for the work he is nov to undertake is universally conceded.” The Seattle Times (independent Re- publican) considers Mr. Kellogg 'a man of unusual capabilities” and sees in his experfence abroad and studies of the problems under co sideration by the allled nations as highly valuable as the incoming Seo- retary of State. From Mr. Kellogg’s home State ths Minneapolls Tridune (Republican) has the following tg sav: “For ons who was referred to sifghtingly.in soma quarters a couple of years ago as & senatorial ‘lams duck,’ Frank B. Kellogg has been traveling along pretty well. Tt is not overstating the facts to eay that his course has been steadily up hill. The summons to this very respomsibie place comes from President Coolidgs, who, obvi- ously enough, entertains a higher opinion of the abllity and American- ism of Mr. Kellogg than do some of the latter's political opponents in his own State.” The St. Paul Plonesy Press (independent Republican) de+ clares: “It is no secret that his skill saved the London conference on the Dawes plan at more than one oritical point, and he has just completed a agreemont at Paris which amount to a triumph for the American views against British opposition on. our sharing In reparations collections. “His career in the Senate and lates as Ambassador to Great Britaig should fit him admirably to head th nation’s cabinet,” says the Spokan Chronicle (Republican). “There Is nothing In his record to support the idea that he is to be anyhody’s straw man.” says the Detroit News (inds- pendent), which adds, “Thers is is everything to prove he will ba nothing of the kind.” Mr. Kellogs, in the opinion of the Portland (Oreg.) Telegram (Independent Republican) “will doubtless discharge his duties creditably, but he will not, he can- not, be a Hughes." “In a country that habltually re- fuses to admit that training 13 a prerequisite to successtul diplomacy™ obeerves ths Richmond News-Leader (Demormtic) “In a country that uncrit- lcally accepts politicians as directors of pollcy, it is squething to have as Sec- retary of Stath a man who knows the trouble-making Senate and who has had, besides, a six-month correspond- ence course in dipl " Another Medical Poser. From the Kanss Oity Star. Considering the incentive to upo- plexy it's strange how few men are found dead at the telephone. —— If this habit becomes general of posting one’s person as air mail, the the pursuit. Both were original men, both possessed winning personalities, .m.xm-‘ym. with their work, Government may bo obliged to begin fssuing mustard plasters as stampae— Detroit News, P ) ~