Evening Star Newspaper, January 22, 1925, Page 18

18 APPRENTICEPLAN BEING ABANDONED; Building Trades Survey Shows No Efforts Neade to Maintain System. The apprenticeship system of de- veloping young men in the buflding trades is falling into dlsuse in Wash- ington, according %o a recent SUTVEY Ly Mary Conyngipn of the Bureau ‘of labor Statistics, made public today mployas nor unions are mak- ing any orgamized «fforts to secure apprentices, wbcording to the findings, (though in 4he pust several attempts have been made to establish an -effec- tive svstam pprenticeship, with well work plans of training, which would mak WOrth a boy’s while @ come trades For 1 nother, Miss Congmgton found, these all fell throuch, and at present matters are It is generally sdmitted, r report declares, “that in m trades Washington is not fts own workers, but Loth sides content to let the future take care of Itself, and to trust to attrac ing from the surrounding country as many craftsmen as may be needed to muke up any local shortage.” The »rt goes.in detail into the appre hip system in Weshington from both t rkers’ and the em- ployers' s claring that there are twa types of ors in Weshington n number of laree ho manage a bu from beginning to end—buy put up apartment houses or shed product + non-union hasis and independent of union re- Unions Are Strong. » is made up of 1d of building on nsibility, take con- tracts execute for others. Often they specialize along one line, taking contracts for a complete buflding, but 1 but the particular kind of do themselves. The mern nerally operate on a union ba d it s amongs them, 1t unywhere, that trade unfon restric- tions would be felt. The two groups are mot sharply separated, and there may be overlapping in regard to any particular feature, but, roughly, it may be said that In Washington large operators work on a non-unton and the average contractor on a union basis. What proportion of the build- trades’ workers in Washington to unlons is not known, but the general bellef is that it is larse, €0 much so that the city is not infre- quently spoken of as a closed shop Place In some trades, the report says, the nature of the work makes the question of appreaticeship of little importance. In some, the work is too heavy for a youth, and not too complex for the adults who enter the irades to learn by doing. In others, the worker needs an fndividual helper. and the latter, if he has any knack for the work at all, picks it up in the course of his duties. In some of these trades the unions impose conditions &s to the length of ime a man must serve before he can be admitted as a craftsman in full standing, and sometimes requirements as 1o race or citizenship or other (ualifications may bs made, but there 4 nothing which can be considered as apprenticeship system. The ma- ty of the trades, howevar, main- n such a system, at least in name, h different minimum and maximum entrance limits, while some have no restrictions of any kind Have Few Apprentices. In no single trade in which it was Ppossible to caleulate the number of apprentices allowed by unton rules was this number found to have been reached, figures showing that only &bout 35 per cent of the admissable number of apprentices were found in the painters’ union. The electrical employes had 65 per cent of the quota allowed them, and the number of ap- prentices in the lathers' trade was only half of what the union restric- tions permitted Miss Conyngton found considerabla diversity of opinlon among employers in the building industry as to why the custom of apprenticeship has fallen into disuse, but in the main she learned that they may be groupe.l under three general heads: The can- tfact system of building is not adapt- et B U fact that an employer ha ve way of controlling a or even of holding him to his by discourages the practice of apprentices, and modern developments within the building industry have made it difficult and expensive for 1he average contractor to train ap- prentices SUIT AGAINST MELLON AND BLAIR DISMISSED CaffPmpnia Couple’s Effort to Get RMP to Joint Tax Return Is Fautile, stice Stafford of the of the District of Col dismissed the suit for a manda- Jught by George F. Guy and Carrie Guy of Los Angeles, alnst ew W. Mellon of the asury, and 1 nternal revenue ecommis- The petitioners sought te court compel the Govern- Tent ials to amend the income tax regulations so as to include Cali- fornia among the States having com- munity property laws and permitting husbands and wives to make separate returna on half of the total income, While nc was rendered by the justice, it is understood that he ook the position of Assistant United States Attorney West and Assistant Attorney Genera er that the suit was in effe attempt to pre- vent a tax collect nd that man- damus was not the proceeding hecause of the exist of other ade- quate remedy The petitioners noted an appeal to the District Court of Appeals. TEA TESTER NAMED. Mitchell to Be Assisted by Board of Experts. An official tea taster assisted by a ard of experts has been = ap- inted by Secretary Gore of the De- partment of Agriculture. The board comprises seven members, one from the department and the others rep- resenting the tea importers and fob- bors of the West and East. Standards of the teas will be determined at a meeting in New York, next Monday. The new bourd of tea experts in- cludes: George F. Mitchell, supervi ing tea examiner, Bureau of Chemls- Washington, and the following sentatives of the tea trade: 3. McNamara, New York, N. Y.; 1H. ‘Woodworth, Boston; Arthur T. Hellyer, Chicago; A. P. Irwin, Phila- delphiai E. R. Rogers, Seatile, and Norman H. Wear, San Francisco. The first meeting of the board will be held Monday, at 10 am. at the ?/nited Btates appraiser's stores, 641 Washington street, New York, Soarcely was the ink dry on the sig- natures to the Declaration of Inde- pandence (which was signed about 2 ¢ ek on July 4, 1776) when the Cc tinental Congress, desiring to omplete the evidences of the In- dependence of the United States by formally adopting an official sign of sovereignty and w national coat-of- arms, at 4 o'clock on the same day named a committee to prepare a de- vice for a seal of the United States. Thix committee consisted of Dr. Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, three of the five men who had drawn up the declaration. They called to thelr assistance Rugene Plorre Du Simitiere, a West Indian Frenchman, who lived In Philadel- phia, and who had a reputation as an artlst and author. Papers pre- served in the Congressional Library show the original drawing made for this committee, which reported on August 20. But this report was not acted upon, and for four years the United States existed without a coat- of-wrms and Congress did business without an officlal seal. Committee Appointed. The American Minister to France, Silas Deane, complained of the in- formality and impropriety of the rep- resentatives of a soverelgn nation be- ing without a seal with which to authenticate official acts. A com- mittee of Congress of which William Elery of Rhode Island was chalrman, urged Congress to act upon the de- viee for a publle seal, but it was not until March 25, 1780, that the report was taken up. Then another commit- e composed of James Lovell of | Massachusetts, John Morin Scott of Virginia and William C. Mouston of New Jersey was appointed Lovell was a Boston school teacher, & Harvard graduate, and had been {mprisoned by the British after the battle of Ze—ker Hill, but later ex- changed. He entered Congress and was chalrman of the foreign affairs committee, But the report of this committee met the same fate as that of Dr. Franklin's committee. It fs important, however, because It shows for the first time the use of the constellation of 13 stars, the shield and the red and white stripes (from the flag adopted on June 14, 1777) and the olive branch as an emblem of peace Nothing further was done until My, 1752, when Arthur Mtddleton of South Carolina, Elias Boudinot of New Jersey and Edward Rutledge of South Carolina were appointed a committee to design a seal. They called in William Barton of Phila- delphia, whe with Charles Thomson, secretary of the Congress, to whom Congress had turned over the report »f this committee with the Barton design, worked out the first design approved by Congress and cut as the great seal of the United States. Seal Work of Three. The distinction of producing the arms cannot justly be accorded to aither, but belongs wholly to both Barton and Thomson, with the larger share of the credit to Secretary Thomson. This seal was adopted on June 20, 1782 The different features of the seal had all been in common use in Amer- EYES HURT? See Me About Glasses Archie D. Engel Formerly = with Fulkerson Roe 615 15th St. NW. Next to Ksith's Theater Phone Main 7108 LADIES! LOOK YOUNG, DARKEN GRAY HAIR Gray hair, however handsome, de- notes advancing age. We all know the advantages of a youthful appearance. Your hair s your charm. It makes or mars the face. When it fades, turns gray and looks streaked, Just a few appli- cations of Sage Tea and Sulphur enhances its appearance a hundred-fold. Don't stay gray! Look young! Either prepare the recipe at home or get from any drug store a bottle of “Wyeth's Sage and Sulphur Com. pound,” which is merely the old-time recipe improved by the addition of other ingredients. Thousands of folke recommend this ready-to.use prepara. tion, because It darkens the hair beau- tifully, besides, no one can possibly tell, as it darkens so naturally and evenly. You moisten a sponge or soft brush with it, drawing this through the hair, taking one small strand at a time. By morning the gray hair disappears; after another application or two, its natural color is restored and it becomes thiek, glossy and lustrous, and vou appear years younger. EPSOM SALTS TASTE ALL GONE World’s finest Physic now Pleasant as Lemonade Pure Epsom Salts has no equal in medicine for comstipation, biliousness, ¢ick headache. Doctors and nurses «depend upon it because no other laxa- tive acts so Forfectly. 8o harmlessly on the bowels. It never gripes or overacts. “Epsonade Salts” is pure E; Balts made pleasant with fruit de- rivative salts—gothing else. It tastes lik]c ;pnkling hunkaldl nd 30"‘ only few cents a age at an; guaran Ameriean Epsom Association. THE _EVENING YOU AND UNCLE SAM Series of Educational Articles Telling How Federal Govern- ment Is Organized and How It Functions—W ritten Expressly for School Children. No. 30—The Great Seal of the United States BY WILL P. KENNEDY. the North Carolina 13 arrows; the Maryland same year appeared a hand grasping an 15 leaves: on a $50 bill Issued in 1778 finished pyramid : on the Massachu- stars, surrounding an eagle; the flag 13 stripes and seal of the board of admiralty, adopt- Soon after the seal was adopted the idenfity of the engraver is unknown. wax over & paper wafer, and Is found on a commission dated granting full Washington for exchange This commission John Hanson of of prisoners of war. countersigned by Charles Thomson, secretary—the seal being affixed in the upper left-hand corner instead of the lower left-hand corner, as is now the custom. This, the first great seal to be made, continued In use for 69 yeas When the Congress, under the Ar- ticles of Confederation, ceased to exist, and the new Government went into operation, Charles Thomson con- tinued in charge of the great seal until relieved of that duty by Presi- dent Washington on July 24, 1789, who directed him to turn the seal and records into the custody of Roger Alden until the Department of S was created and the Secretary of State was named as official custodian of the great seal. Discards 0ld Seal. When Danlel Webster was Secre- tary .of State that Department, in 1841, discarded the seal of 1782, and without authority from Congress haa a die cut by Edward Stabler of Sandy Spring, Md., where he was post- master. This is known as “the un- official seal.” Theodore F. Frelinghuysen, when Secretary of State, in 1883, took the matter up with Congress, which, on July 7, 1884, authorized & new seal It was then determined not to cut the reverse, which had been pre- scribed as a part of the seal by the act of 1782, but went unnoticed. Again the act of September 15, 1789, con- tinued the seal as prescribed in 1782, but no effort was then made to de- sign or cut the reverse. When the seal of 1841 was made the reverse STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €., THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 1925. was still ignored. In 1883, it was definitely determined, after designs had been drawn, to abandon it. The design of the obverse of the PLANS EXERCISES. seal of 1584 was determined upon |St. Andrew’s Society to Observe with great care. It was enlarge- ment, with some modifications, of the Two Asniversaries, seal of 1782, the modifications being | Tne 70th anniversary of the birth- closer adherence to the law creating|day of the St. Andrew's Soclety and the seal. the anniversary of Robert Burns' The seal now In use was cut June|birth will be celebrated Saturday, uary 24, when that society holds retary of State, had msked Congress|a dinner at the New Wiilard Hotel, to provide funds for this purpose. It | With a program of entertainment. was then Written into the law that| Speakers at the dinner will be Right the great seal should be recut from | Rev. James E. Freeman, Senator Sim- 16, 1903, after John Hay, while Sec- the original model. eon D. Fess, Albert Dougla: Kept at State Department. cially designed case under lock in|Garioch, piper. the State Department. It was recently used on some 670 commissions in the course of reorganization of the for- eign service. The great seal cannot be affixed to any paper that does not bear the President's signature. In 1803 Chief Justice Marshall delivered an opinion relative to the seal It is affixed to the | commissions of all cabinet officers and diplomatic and consular officers; all ceremonious communications from |y P0G Y the President to the heads of foreign | mental) seal governments; on all treaties, conven- tions,and formal agreements of the President with foreign powers; all === proclamations of the President; all| (The thirty-first article in exequaturs to forelgn consular offi-|scries will be “Our National Emblem. cers in the United States, who are|It will be printed in this paper next appointed by the heads of the gov-|Sunday.) dent of the society, and George Mann. A musical program will be rendered by This seal—of which there is no du- |the Washington Quartet, Elizabeth plicate anywhere—is kept in a spe- | Gardner Coombs, planist, and James ernments they represent; to warrants by the President to receive persons surrendered by forelgn governments under extradition treaties, and to all miscellaneous commissions of civil of- ficers appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, whose appointments are not espectally directed by law to be a aifferent (depart- (Copyright, 1925, by Will P. Kennedy.) CURTIS COMPANY SUED FOR LIQUOR-SALE STORY Government Vendor in Vancouver Acts on Ladies’ Home Journal Article. By the Associated Press VANCOUVER, PEritish Columbia, January 22—In a writ {ssued in Su- preme Court yesterday on behalf of Alexander C. Dickson, vendor of a provinclal government liquor store here, damages are claimed from A. B. MacDonald, writer, of Kansas City, the Curtls Publishing Co. Philadel- phia, and R. H. Best, Vancouver agent for the company, In conse-| quence of a story alleged to have | been written about the liquor atore | under his charge, which is sald to have been published in the Ladies Home Journal In what the plaintift alleges is a highly colored and imaginative pic- ture of actual conditions, the writer is sald to have depicted boys and girls standing on tiptoe to reach the top of the bar for their bottles. This insinuates that he was breaking the law, because he s not permitted to sell liquor to anybody under 21 years of age, the vendor asserts. Mrs. Mary Lucas Keene, recently ap- pointed professor of anatomy at the University of London, has the dis- tinction of belng the first woman in the world to hold such a position. e Purchase OnSale fFiday Ouly Another famous one-day Dress Sale that will eclipse some of the most outstanding events for which this store is noted! The styles and the colors are new, and the materials in many instances would cost more than the low selling price! You'll marvel at ALL you get for $11.95—frocks you'd never dream of securing under twice and three times $11.95. Satin-faced Canton Crepe-back Satin Heavy Flat Crepe Beaded Canton Beaded Georgette Roshanara Crepe Crepe Faille Printed Crepe French Flannel Poiret Chine Poiret Twill Cashete All new shades—also brown, navy, black and combinations. Styles for afternoon, street. sports, dinner and dance wear, includ- ing high-priced chiffon and brocaded velvet dresses from our reg- ular stock. Sizes 14 to 54';—but not in every style Extra Salespeople—Extra Space—Come Early SECOND FLOOR, LANSBURGH & BRO. FINGER PRINTING, TOPIC. Expert Explains How Criminal Unwittingly Affix Signatures How criminals leave their tures unwittingly on Insigr ite during their operations v graphically illustrated tgy the Of mist Club at a meeting M the Club yesterda v Fred Sandbe fingerprint axpert of the Metrog 2olice Department With slides and berg compared t |tery” and the Bertilon | tdentity r | tmproved finger He showed the diff in attempting to pick from photographs arrang any key classificatior old rogues’ galler played the photogra | with the same nan virtually the same method No two fingerprints, hos 14, wers ever fo s r in all respects, and the by glar touching a plece of glass or shiny surface with any of his f ht just as well leave him Frank Peirce prestded at the m om hickory. T T e