Evening Star Newspaper, January 20, 1925, Page 6

6 WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY. .....January 20, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. ... Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th 8t. and Pennsylvania Ave. ; % Office: 110 East A2nd St OMice: Tower Rulldin 16 Rtegent St ,London. with the Su £ Englana. Tealng Star, edition, Hlivered ty at 60 cents per montl cents et month: Sunday only month: Orers may be sent by wall o tele- plone Main 5000. Collection f% made by car- fers At the end of each month morning within the dully only, 43 20 cents per Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance, Maryland and Virginia. Dally and Sunday..1 yr., $8.40; 1 mo,, Dally only. . 1yr, $6.00; 1 mo., Sunday only .1yr, $2.40;1mo., All Other States. and Sunday.1 yr., §10.00; 1 mo, only. . 15, $7.00;1mo., oniy......1yr., $3.00;1mo, Dail Sunday Member of the Associated Press. Associated Press fs exclusiyely entitled Tews pub cation of A Query to Critical Senators, Those Senators who are all wrought up over the agreement Paris, and under which States is to share in G tions payr tient hear their campaign of signed in the United rman repa °t @ more pa- uld preface riticism by an ex- position of what they would have had done instead to safeguard rights and interests. The are that we have claims against many, in of amounting to several h of dollars. Germany ¢ American cold facts process adjudication, ndred millions nnot pay these claims except out of the Dawes plan annuities, for the Dawes plan conteni- plates complete absorption of Ger- many's paying capacity. The allied finance ministers had met in Paris to apportion these Dawes plan annulities among themselves. In such circum- etances, what would the critical Sen- ators have had us do? Stand idly by and sce-the European powers take over funds which rightfu| belong to The Amercian people think the luropean powers already have an abundance of their hard-earned dol- Or perhaps the Senators think the European powers, out of the good- ness of their hearts, would have given us our share without any intervention by us. If they do, a trustfulness has come over them which has not been apparent in the past. As to the agreement involving us In for compelling Germany to an academic question to ed in the future. As Secre- tary Hughes made clear in his state- ment yesterday, the Paris agreement loes not provide for sanctions or other -oercive measures in case of German default. It deals solely with distribu- tion of the proceeds of the Dawes plan. 1y default and coercion ed necessary, it would be for whi American Government was then in power to determine the course to be pursued. Had a separate agree- ment been possible with Germany for liquidation’ of the American claims, in case defaulted that agree- some cou of action would to be decided upon. A future American Government will be just as ree under the Paris agreement to determine its s it would be under a separ ement with many. There is nothing in the Paris ement which, legally or morally binds this Government to a course of it does not approve. The Brit- ish government claimed and exercised this liberty of action wh cupied the Ruhr. s lars. measu that ans vay, be deen ever Germany ment have tea which France oc- And even the most critical Senator will admit that a course of action which does meet American approval can be better taken in co-operation with the other signa- tory powers than alone. It is true that there has been con- siderable rejoicing in Europe over the notion that the Paris agreement in- volves us in the affairs of Europe, but this is the first time Europe has rejoiced prematurely such sup- posititious involvement. The present and past an Governments have found it le to steer a clearly American course in European affairs and the n to believe future governments will be less able to do so. over, Amer possi is no good re: Uncle Sam is ared by Eu- rope that ion on his part will be much regr d. On the contrary he is expected to be the life of the party. - Pennsylvania Avenue. At a meeting of the Board of Tigde | last night Repre Gibson Vermont deplored appearance of Pennsylvania characterizing some of the buildings there as * sores,” and urging ruembers of the or- ganization move to beautify the Capital’s principal thoroughfare. There is no doubt that Pennsylvania ave- nue is not what it should be in point of are tecture and general appear- ance. It contains impressive, handsome nd many that are small, old, shabby and unsightly. The fault, however, does not lie with the prop rty owners of the Capital. Tt lies primarily with Congress for failure to define the status of the on the south side of Pennsylvani nue Third and Fifteenth ntative the of some buildings, be ets For many efforts have been made to secure the acquisition by the jovernment of the entire area lying between Pen Ivania avenue and the Mall for public - building purposes. This was urged for two reasons, to provide suitable space for necessary public building sites, and to clear Pennsylvania avenue and its immedi- ate neighborhood of seemingly hope- less backward conditions. This proj- ect has been from time to time con- sidered in Congress with favor, but without action. At one time plans were drawn for bullding emplace- ments in the Mall-Avenue triangle, but they came to naught, it being urged that economy would not permit, ween ve end was acquired by the Government, on which it was proposed to erect three public buildings. Though the title has now been with the Govern- | ment for years no move has been | made toward using the space, and the original buildings remain, more or less in disrepair. The Government has maintained them, acting as landlord to a wide variety of tenants. The “dead hand" of possible acqu! tion has been laid wpon all this prop- erty on the south side of the Avenue for several decades. Progress is im- possible through private initiative as long as that condition obtains. The effect has been to check construction by private enterprise on both sides of the great street, whereas if the Gov- ernment were to acquire and use the triangle for public building sites, es- pecially if the whole were treated in park style, stimulus would be given to private construction and business development on the north side. This argument has not appealed, it would seem, to Congress. Meanwhile the Government's needs in the line of buildings have increased, and, though relieved somewhat by constructions outside the Mall-Avenue triangle, are still great enough to warrant the tak- ing of all that now remains unac- quired of this entire tract, If there are “eyesores” on Pennsyl- vania avenue it is because the Gov- ernment itself has not done its own part toward the maintenance of the standard which should prevail in con- structions along this historic street, the maln artery of Washington and the scene of its ceremonial parades and its national celebrations. ——— The Potomac Power Project. With the filing of a favorable re- port from the House District mittee on the bill to effect the develop- ment of the Potomac River water power that project is advanced an- other step toward execution. It is the confident bellef that eventually Con- gress will definitely authorize this great undertaking, which means so much to Washington and to the Gov- ernment. At the present session, how- ever, time is so limited that occasion may possibly not be afforded for ac- tion. Yet If there is a disposition to clear the tables of pending matters on which there is virtual agreement this bill, with others of an jmportant local character, can be put through both houses. This is not, strictly speaking, a lo- cal measure, though it has to do with conditions within the District, and its prospective effect is to give the local community cheaper power for its own uses. It is actually a national ques- tion, the utilization of water power which lies wholly within the jurisdic- tion of the United States. It is the policy of this Government to conserve the natural resources and to develop the water power of the country. Pri- vate enterprise cannot undertake such great works. In this particular case private enterprise is estopped from doing so because of the interests of the Government which are directly in- volved. In the report which accompanied the bill to the House yesterday it was set forth that the first unit of the projec the building of a dam at Chain Bridge, which it is urged should be begun without delay, will save the electric com- THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 1925. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. vote specifically holds back. It does not thereby relinquish its right to ulti- mate gun elevation. It merely de- clines to take the initiative. Yester- day’s decision is a move in good faith toward the maintenance of peace with- out yielding in defensive strength. The Inauguration Program. While it is much to be deplored that owing to executive prohibition plans cannot be made for an elaborate in- augural ceremonial to mark the in- duction of the President into office on the 4th of March, the citizens of Washington who are charged with the duty of carrying out the unofficial program for the event will do their utmost to make the occasion notable and to maintain the Capital's prestige as host. he President’s desire for a simple inaugural ceremonial must, of course, be respected. He is moved by consid- erations of cconomy as well as by his own distaste for ostentation and dis- play. He prefers the simplest proced- ure consistent with the dignity of the office which he holds and to which he has been elected for a full term by the votes of the people. Precedent for the simple inaugural has been set in recent years. It was hoped, however, that return would be made in some degree to the former manifegtation of popular celebration, inasmuch as the country has recovered from ‘the war conditions which justi- fied the lessening of the program. The = Washingtonians who have been summoned to duty to do this work of preparation for the in- auguration will discharge that duty faithfully and well. Their means will limited. They cannot. possibly finance an elaborate program out of their own pockets. They will have few sources of revenue to reimburse them for their expenditures, but it is as- sured that whatever can be done to make March 4 a gala day will be well done. With the program reduced in scope they will at least have a less arduous task than that which was so cheerfully undertaken by inaugural committees in the past. — s Oliver Goldsmith § having any fallacles in his political references passed over so lightly. Other poets have suffered more se- verely. It is even intimated by some English literary experts that Judge Bacon suffered serious personal disad- vantage because of certain satirical references he induced William Shake- speare to introduce into his works. ——— It never occurs to Mr. W Adoo that the public might be inter- ested in some of his views on current topics, in spite of the repeated demon- strations by Mr. W. J. Bryan that a defeat in politics need never prevent a man from finding an attentive audi- ence. be fortunate in ——o— Conditions in Italy, as reported by Mussolini, are ctory that a cessation of press censorship may rea- sonably be expected. ————————— America is now expected, with more or less confidence, to join at least in signing the request, “‘please remit. so satis oo The current of Muscle Shoals is light and power users of the District from $700,000 to $900,000 a year. Ac- cording to this estimate, a saving to the people of this District and nearby territory in 15 years would be more than $10,000,000. The estimated cost of this first unit is $13,600,000. Thus within two decades the savings alone would more than pay the cost of con- struction. The project has been indorsed by the Xecretary of War. It is based upon surveys and scientific computations of the river power at all stages. It will not interfere with the impound- ing of water for the supply of the Cap- ital. It will destroy only a minimum of property. It will at the same time create an attractive body of water, adding to the beauty of Washington's environs. It is a practical measure, the result of years of consideration and the mobt painstaking examina- tions. It deserves to be placed in the preferred class for action, even at this short session, with all the pres- sure for time of the closing days. ———— The use of cigarettes has increased enormously in the last few years, The habit was once regarded as effeminate, and with prophetic sense, for it is now largely and unobjectionably fem- inine. ————— Eventually Trotsky may echo the sentiments of Emma Goldman and wish he were back in New York. e The courts are overcrowded with business, but not any more so than the United States Senate. EEE———— No Gun Elevation. erday the Senate, by a vote of 45 to 22, disapproved of a motion to effect the elevation of the high-caliber guns on 13 American battleships to Increase their range and consequently their effectiveness. This was in line with the policy of the administration, already clearly defined. Secretary Hughes had given as his opinion, which is the opinion of the Govern- ment, that under the Washington treaty resulting from the arms limita- tion conference the United States has a perfect right, if it so desires, to ele- vate the guns and thereby to make each naval unit a more effective weap- on. Secretary Wilbur has informed congressional committees that the elevation of the guns would not be recommended on the score of econ- omy. President Coolidge has stated that while we may under the treaty raise the guns and increase their range, this Government does not pro- pose thus to engage In competition in time of peace in battleship ef- ficiency. The guns can be elevated at any time. All that is needed is & change in the structure of turrets and the mechanism of gun handling. Such changes can be effected speedily in case of need. The battleships are the A beginning was made, however, upen the utilization of this space for public building sites when the so- called fivesquare tract at the western potential weapons of defense. The uns exist, with a reserve of effective- ess which the United States now by "éxecutive declaration and by Senate swift in nature, but does not move very fast in congressional debate. R SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Tireless Tattle, My rent is very much too high For any proper plan; So are the groceries I buy— T'll tell my Congressman! Nobody shovels snow at ali; The parking space is. much too small, And blockheads drink wood alcohol— T'll tell my Congressman! I know he'll speak in language wise And every grievance scan. Resentments I shall not disguise. T'll tell my Congressman. He'll say, “Uh, Huh!" in accents low. At least some sympathy he'll show. That's all I'll ever get—and so T'll tell my Congressman, Appreciative. “0Of course, many things are said about you that are not true.” “I don't complain,” answered Sena- tor Sorghum. *“If I had always held everybody to the exact truth, I'd have missed & number of valuable compliments.” Goldsmith Contradicted. Sweet Auburn, loveliest village in the vale, You seemed a poor fish. Now you are a whale. Brisk Industry awoke you from vour nap. Wealth came along, and put you on the map. Jud Tunkins says it's easy to be popular and in demand. All you've got to do is to wait for a snowfall and walk down any block with a snow shovel. Political Change. As life's vicissitudes extend ' We fear no danger, Though often saying, Friend,” And, “Welcome, Stranger.” Sty “Why do you approve so enthusi- astically of your wife's bobbing her hair?" “Maybe,"” nfided Mr. Meekton, “she'll get into one of her contradic- tory moods and quit it ‘Farewell, Spoiling a Friendly Interchange. A policy that rose to fame In talk passed to and fro; And it was like the bean-bag game We played so long ago. A player with a lusty fist Camo with a wallop strong. In vain we asked him to desist Before the game Went Wrong. A melancholy song we sing, And this is what it means; Somebody made & wicked swing! Somebody spilled the beans! “De man dat is sure of his facks,” said Uncle Eben, “needn’t talk much. It takes a long time to tell “mnln' you don't know,’ | have ov | announcem, The small boy was eating cough drops. Small boys consume cough drops on the slightest provocation, it must be remembered, so that it would not do to infer that the lad had any malady of the bronchial tubes. Cough drops and candy are synony- mous in the vocabulary of boys be- tween the ages of 9 and 12 years. Give the average boy a 5-cent box of cough drops, he is as happy as his sister would be with m 5-pound chest of high-priced chocolates. This boy was eating cough drops bearing upon the box a very common name and the plctures of two whisk- ered gentlemen, who are as well known for cough drops as Mr. Ford is for automobiles. The boy stood on the front plat- form of the street car, looking up into the face of the young motorman, the only other occupant of the front end of the vehicle. It was midafternoon, when the Government crowds still were at work, and the shopping la- dies had not yet decided to call it a day. The motorman was a young man, as motormen o, tall, well proportioned, with his cap set well down on his light hair. His mouth was firm, but ready to break into a smile. The boy was just like a thousand other youngsters about 11 years old— short pants, soft shirt with easy tle, big cap pulled down over his ears, bright eyes looking out at the glo- rious world of men and things. Those eyes were upturned to the face of the young motorman, as if the man were the only being In the world at that particular time worthy of the notice of any one. Absolute and pure admiration gleamed from them. “Gee, ain't he great!” was what the small lad's eyes sald. You have seen that look. It is unmistakable. It is hero worship, * K ok % “Have a cough drop, mister?” boy asked the motorman. As this was the first intimation the motorman had of the presence of the boy, he turned around slightly to ses where the volce came from, and so looked completely over the blg cap. Dropping his eyves for a moment, however, the operator saw the small boy, timidly holding up the box of cough drops. “Don’t mind if I do,” sald the mo- torman. Swiftly he removed his big glove, turned out a pellet into his hand, put the cough drop into his mouth, stuck his fist back Into the glove, turned again to his duty, hank you, son” he sald. “You're welcome, Sir, replled the boy; and it was a blg he used on that “sir’ no matter what the grammars may say about it. If the motorman had been among those re- cently knighted by King George he could not have becn accorded a more respectful salutatiox The boy did not bother the motor- man in the least. He was content to stand there in the comradship of the front platform—inside the chain, too—drinking in the actions of the motorman, as that worthy engineered the street car along Connecticut avenue. He entered into the motorman’s place, and was one with him In avolding that big truck which seem- ad bent on death and destruction as it lumbered squarely into the path of the onrushing strect car. Then how quickiy the motorman snapped into action; his jaws still working on the cough drop! He twirl- ed the controller, jammed on the brakes, never drew back a halr as the collision of his car with the truck seemed inevitable. Like many things able, however, the the that seem in- impact never Resignation of Hughes Stirs Speculation Speculation as to the “real r for the resignation Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes seems to rehadowed even the surprise of the editors of the country to the which feil on political America like a bolt from the blue. The many guesses s to those “reasons’ are summed up by the Memphis News- Scimitar (independent) as follows “Selection of Borah as chairman of the Senate committee on foreign re- lations; disagreement with the solu- tion reached on the question of wWar damage clatms; fallure of President Coolidge to indicate & desire for his continuance in the cabinet four years longer; inability to adjust himself to the slowly materializing foreign pol- icv of the President: a strong and ro- bust character, which makes it im- possible to adjust himself to the pol- fcies of his chief in matters on which he himself has a fixed opinion: desire to recoup his personal fortunes from the private practice of law and a pur- pose to seck the presidential nomina- tion four years hence, to say nothing of various reasons that an original mentality can easily supply.” The only “obvious and outstanding fact,” the New Scimitar continues, “is that the cabinet has lost its strongest member and that Mr. Hughes will go down in history as one of the ablest and most popular statesmen that have ever held the most Important port- follo in the American Government.”” “Since Mr. Hughes accepted the portfolio as Secretary of ate in the Harding cabinet,” observes the Se- attle Times (independent Repubil= can). “a partisan press has conducted a steady campaign of criticiam. There is no evidence that Mr. Hughes is un- duly semsitive to these filngs from the opposition party, vet the injustice of it might have caused him pain. At times, when the burden of hls heavy duties welghed upon him, the quiet of private life must have seemed at- tractive. It would not be surprising if he wearied of the whote thing and vearned to step out of public life and Teturn to the practice of his profes- sion.” In the opinion of the Los An- geles Times (independent Republi- can), “Whatever the cumulative rea- sons that decided Mr. Hughes to re- linquish the cabinet post he has held for four years with consummate suc- cess and world-wide recognized abll- ity, there is no hint of any disagree- ment between the Secretary of State and any members of the cabinet. * ok ok ¥ The Philadelphia Public Ledger (independent Republican) declares: “To him is due the credit for the greatest single contribution to the peace of the world since the guns were silenced in November, 1918. Those who heard will not forget the force and sweep of the Hughes ad- dress on that November day in 1921 when he sounded the doom of the mighty fleets in being and the great ships of the future. There was his greatest effort and his greatest day. He made mistakes on other issues, but not on this.” “In every way the affairs of the State Department under Mr. Hughes have been ably and effectively han- dled,” thinks the Cincinnati Times- Star (Republican), which adds: “He has been a Secretary of State of the old heroic mold, following a period when the Bryans and the Lansings had shown the people that there need not be anything very herdic about an American Secretary of State Ac- cording to the Minneapolis Tribune (Republican): “When Mr. Hughes steps down from his high place of bis own choice, he will step down as a broad-minded, warm-hearted, cour- on" occured. The truck, with better fortune than f{ts driver deserved, slid by just by a hair's breadth, as the street car came to a jerked halt. Passengers, thrown violently for- ward, righted themselves, then look- ed around to see what was the mat- ter. All this time the small boy had stood his ground. Now he looked up at the motorman, “Gee!” was all he sald. * ok ok ok Do you still remember the heroes of your childhood days? Those men whose physical feats were the admi- ration of all small boys? In this matter of youthful hero wor- ship nature runs true to form. In the childhood of the race, and in the beginning of the individual, deeds of brawn are most admired. This was necessary, when mankind was a pup, and has Its uses in the life of every inclpient man. “Mind over matter,” ah, yes, but I am not sure that the physical does not have us in thrall all life through, despite our best efforts to the contrary. Small boys are not bothered with any philosophical implications. They devoutedly worship certain brands of work, and the workers thereof, from the days they first play with tin sol- diers and toy fire engines and little express wagons. There is many a stald business man today who first went on record, many ®ears ago, as desiring to be a mo- torman “when he grew up” He laughs at the childhood recollection— but he was serfous then. To his eyes, then, as to the eyes of children today, the life of the street car operative seemed an eminently worthy one, as, indeed, it is. What more interesting and thrilling Jjob than to ride up and down the streets, clanging your bell and making every- body get out of your way! There was just one other occupation that vied with it, and that was the work of the firemen, the brave fire- fighters of the D. C. F. D. Those were the days of the mad, galloping horses, plunging three abreast down the street, while the clanging bell sent shivers of joy down the spine of every small boy in town. Some of the fascination of “ fireman” went out with the disap- pearance of the brave, beautiful horses before the unmerciful onrush of a progress which would not be stayed for sentiment. The automo- bile engine and truck can get to a fire quicker, and there is plenty of thrill Tett. Yes, plenty of it. Ask any boy. x % ¥ Other heroes of childhood days are soldiers, Buffalo Bill, Indfan fighters of all kinds, cowboys, drivers of ex- press wagons and blacksmiths Few boys wanted to be policemen Perhaps the penchant of the average youth to run from the cops accounts for this lack of desire to put on the shoes of an officer of the law. It ix more fun being pursued than pursuer. Svery normal boy has a period when he wants to be a soldier, a modern Buffalo Bill, or some sort of slayer of Injuns, “Bang! You're dead!” Billia shouts on my street, just the same as I used to do in another part of town. Billie can journey over there, if he wants to, but I cannot go back there again. If I sought that forest where Indlans lurked. I would find—an apartment ouse! Every boy has a turn at the larfat when he takes to lassoing bedposts and bovs, ahd sometimes an un- suspecting elder. As for wanting to be blacksmiths, perhaps this is more the desire of the small town lad than of the city boy. Personally, 1 always wanted to be eing @ | substitute world & farmer, and sport chin whiskers. Among Editors teous, cultured, far-seeing, disinter- ested gentleman, conscious of having done at all times what he conceived to be just, right and wise. He wrought magnificently in helping to order for disorder. He has cnriched our natlonal inherit- ance and made us incalculably his debtor. Serving his country, he has served the world." he wonder of it thinks the | Baltimore Sun (independent Demo- cratic) “that after active participa- tion for all this time in what has been virtually ceaseless intellectual #ladlatorial effort, and for the last four years bearing on his shoulders much of the weikht of the world's weifare, he should be able to lay down his armor without having suf- fered either in mind or body.” . In the opinign of the New York Times (in- dependent Democratic). “the time {s not come fully to review and appraise the achievements of Mr. Hughes in the State Department. That he has displayed high qualities is the ver- dict of all impartial-minded men.’ * ok ok ¥ . Mr. Hughes' Tretirement, declares the Sioux City Tribune, (independ- ent), “indicates all to clearly that Mr. Horah and the isolationists are in control” The Tribune continues: “Such being the case, Mr. Hughes | could not go on and keep faith with the thousands of men and women who accepted the statement which he and some 31 others signed in 1920 re- garding international relations and | assoclations. Nor could Mr. Hughes go | on when the ground was cut from under him on avowed declarations as to United States entrance into the! vorld Court. Could the late Senator Brandegee talk, he could tell of how and why Secretary Hughes was threatened and pounded at a meeting of isolation politicians in his (Bran- degee’s) rooms in New York. It was politics, not principle, and Hugh. was overruled. Since then he has marked time."” “He was too much a statesman,” adds the Fort Worth Star Telegram independent Democratic), “not to real- ize that the doctrine of {solation de- manded by the domlnant Republican group in the Senate was Impossible and undesirable. Yet he was forced to acknowledge in this Senate group his master as the two Republican Presi- dents who followed Wilson were forced to do. The really important achievements of his secretaryship to- ward world peace were more dearly won because they had to be arrived at through flattery end beguilment of the Senate group, which, drunk with power, had scant tolerance for any plan or action regarding forelgn relations which it did not orfginate.” As the Chattanooga News (Demo- cratic) sees it “With Boraeh at the head of the Sénate foreign relations committee on the one hand, and with the administration about to resume partnership with the allies on the sue of German reparations on the other, Secretary Hughes probgbly thought it about time to look for his hat. His taking over the State De- partment, in the first place, involved his repudiation of a public pledge to the country. But he negotiated tha somersault with a straight tace. It not certain, however, that he woul relish a repudiation of his former re- pudiation.” Observance the Problem. ¥From the Buffalo Enquirer. The Golden Rule e would be law enough if it were Z%Jelf-enforcer. NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES: Yesterday, Today—and Tomorrow? James M. Beck, LL. D. George H. Doran Co. “The Constitution fs something more than a written form of govern- ment—it Is a great spirit.” James M. Beck, Solicitor General of the United States, speaking. The purpose of this study is, part, to remedy tHat spirit in personalities and situation and | events that gave it birth. In equal part the purpose is also to follow this “great spirit” out into the suc- cessive stages of Its existence and influence for the sake of a reconsid- eration of facts expressed In terms of current understanding; for the sake, as well, of applying to this spirit of the Constitution certain tests, both old and new, as to the legitimacy of its birth, the sound- ness of its nature, the pliancy of its character, the rational evolution of its Inherent forces. No less, too, i85 it the purpose to bring’this re-em- bodled spirit forward for a further testing of its quality by the ac- tions of a greatly complicated pre ent and by a future of inconceivably expanded demands upon its powers of accommodation and fuifiliment. Such, the triple intent of this study of the Constitution. * o ok & in the The Solicitor General meets the first of these three objects with a fresh sur- vey of the conditions out of which the Constitution grew—itself a revolution- ary measure against the Articles of Con- federation, already condemned by their own' futiiities in the face of colonial Jealousies, political chaos, financial bankruptcy, economic paralysis and every sort of soclal disorder. Literally nothing other, this situation, than the bolshevism which today is again pro- the deadly fruitage of all wars. As a buckground for this dangerous and unpromising eituation a group of colo- nfal statesmen spread the capacity of the colonists for self-government, a capacity inherited from their English fathers who had won it for themselves out of their long struggles against old tyrannies. And against this background that handful of dauntless patriots set the drama of creating & new kind of An old story? That's true. v story, nevertheless. For he it becomes both adventure and roman A great empire carried forward by gal- lant men—young men the most of them. A vital matter of immediate appeal and irresistible lure. One enters it, bodily, I an actual partaking of the romance of fts high hopes, of its noble action, of its brave plans of achievement and astute measures of fulfillment. One him- self shares the self-restraints for the general welfare upon which the great usion of the fmmortal enterprise rested. A finely wholesome adventure, this. Knowledze has gone into this por- trayal—the general knowledge of t scholar, the special attalnments of the professional man, the practical outlook of & live man fronting upon a live world But there is more here. And it is this “more” which sets the study apart. A sense of drama re-creates these men. If you want cases in point, step over into the convention to meet Franklin Washington or Hamilton as the and repase before you. A clear in- timacy, also, with both history and literature is turned here to illuminations so fit and bright as to bridge with a narrow span the years that separate that momentous time {from this one. * o K x pass r If, to meet the first of the three purposes of this study, the author uses his sense of drama as the viial- izing ageney of h fact, to meet the second pury smploys a quite different medium. Naturally, since the theme passes at this point Into a dis- cussion of t stitution itself. And here you will come into posses- fac analysis of this fnstru- 1t of government. And out of this ess you will gather up in four o points the political wisdom, the ical philosophy, of the Constitu- tion. These points inform you that your Government is representative in character, dual in form, that by way of constitutional limitations it giv guaranty of individual liberty, that it possesses an independ Hadictary That's all—except that each of these elements is taken up fine sim- phcity of statement embracing the causes and reasone of it origin and ac tinuing with a special the ju diciary, “the ba particular form author moves forward to an equally important ation of the sy tem of checks and balances provided | by tho Constitution. And here, as in every part of this study. Mr. Beck first, learned—then straight in aj proach, direct in attack, vigorous, p turesque—admirably near in his con- tact with the After a states- maunly outlook “America’s cign Relations ove u company of this author, to ment at hand, up into the high p of the present, from which, under pointing finger, we able to back over 137 vears governy under the Constitution, years of mous change, which, neverthe have not ex austed the accommod tions of that charter of our liberties created by the fathers of this free country. And here wo stop to weigh the signs of the present before at- temptng to look into the future * % ok % proy five eptance. Cor scussion nce-wh gover el ment, - of the cons We are held up here for a under the reminder that o government, the representative form, calls for great leaders. Then we are asked to look around to see whether or not it be true that there has been within these later years a marked de cline in leadership, or is this me an flusory effect out of g changed conditions that somewhat fect standards of value. This discus sfon fs for you to read. It is not fu report to you. Read it. And then on to the next point, about which are likely to have no uncertaint all. Thisls, “The Revolt Against thority.” Is there such a revolt? If there be, what is the cause it? Where is it leading? Is it having, can it have, any substantial effect upon the character and quality of this Government? For order and sanity | and unblas of mind this part of the | study commends itself to the careful attention of all readers—as a matter of fact, to all the men and women in a country that depends upon them for its sustenance and its life. And this last point i the sum of the matter. For the whole story converges upon individual responsibility for the con- tinuance of that which has so long and so capably served the highest uses of this beloved country. It is not good reading— these authenti- cated facts about the general apathy of the people, the individual lack of Interest and responsibility toward that which has so long sheltered us from storm, that has so long permit- ‘ted us to grow In security and pro: perity and freedom. * K K * A quite splendid and noble work— solid in content, thrilling in its move- ment. One comes out of it with a dolorous picture, nevertheless, that of the millions of little children, 12 years old or thereabout, who have stuffed down inside of them the words of the Constitution, conned at school and rattling around in their little inte- riors like dice in a box. With such a live book as this within reach, too. No, this is not an attack on public noment form of catly u at Au- | a subcommi | from all the hospitals of Wasl ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. Is the person who gave the me- morfal to the Department of Agricul- ture war heroes connected with the Fine Arts Commission?—B. H. A. The memorial is being built by private subscription. Although this memorial has been approved Ly the Department of Agriculturs, it is un- official. The building of the memo- rial is in the hands of a committee ot men working in the Department of Agriculture. W. C. Henderson, assistant chief of the Biological Sur- vey, is chairman. It is not connect- ed with the Fine Arts Commission, but the sculptor, John Flanagan of New York, was recommended to the Department of Agriculture by the Fine Arts Commission. Q. How can I procure seats for the opening base ball game?—S. L. S. A. All seats for the opening game are to be reserved. You should make your reservation by writing direct to Edward B. Eynon, secretary, Wash- ington Base Ball Park. Q. When did the channel of the Po- tomac _change from the Maryland to the Virginia side opposite George- town?—N. S. G. A. In the spring of 1780 there was such @ rise in the river that a dam was formed of ice, trees and debris, | which extended from Georgetown to Analostan lsland. The water was| forced west of the island and a chan- nel created, while the main channel on the Maryland side was partially filled, ‘Q. How does the loss in registered mail compare with registry fees tak- en in?—R. J A. The Post Office Department says that the total amount paid for the| registry of articles during the fiscal year 1924 was $83,189,290. The num- her of claims for losses as shown by the annual report was $5.313. Loss of registered mails is generally due to robbery, train wrecks, etc., and| not to the careless handling of mail Q. What {s fed to a boa constrictor in & zoo?—W. F. B. A. The National Zoological Park in vashington has a boa constrictor and it is fed a live young pig about once in two months. Q. Are glacial deposits found in Indiana’—W. R. E. A. The Geological Survey says there has been very little glacial de posits found in Indiana Occurrences of mineral in drift have been located around Martinsville. Q. Can a person lend an ex-soldier money, and be named as beneficiary on his adjusted compensation certifi- persc m#Rht lend a veteran with the provision that he b named beneficlary in his adjusted | compensation certificate. However, in | the event that the veteran de o change his beneficiary, the len could not hold him to h word, E h transaction not legal under the adjusted compens on act Q AW A. The is Why is milk pasteurized?—A of pasteurization of milk is to kill the harmful ba teria which milk contains. It has been found that when milk is heated TODAY’S purpose to a temperature of 145° F. and sus- tafned at that point for 30 minutes the disease germs causing organism are killed. If prevented, it can nc longer be considered dangerous te health. Milk which has been ade quately pasteurized Is, therefore, to be regarded as the safost milk whic one can consume. Q. Pleas an old book Ursula"—A. C A. “The Adventures of Lady U sula” {s the name of a comedy four acts by Anthony Hope. It w published in book form by R. Russel of New York Clty in 1858 Q. How anm worth his salt, tell “The e the author « Adventures of Lad H. I the saying “Ho originate?—A. B. C A. This expression found {ts orig: in the fact that Roman soidiers wer paid in sait rather than with mone Do some atoms have both neg: d positive electrons”—H. R The Bur, of Standards sas that all atoms are made up of posi tive nuclel and negative electron The removal of an electron gives t atom an apparent positive charge. Q. What part of the men in ou Army during the Wolrd War were | literate?—E. H. B. A. The wholly illiterate whole Army was app! 000; relatively il making total illiterate d a literat Q. Who is considered America’s firs financier?—R. Y. A. Robert Morris wa financier. In 3 sented to Congr Bank of North An for general purpe States. Tt Gent to the Q. Where was Surr held?—J. McG A It was held gates | the hall of dele the Capitol at Richmond, Va Q. Has Jean Capart (author of a book on Tut-ankh-Amen) first-hand knowledgo of the tomb excavated by Lord Carnarvon?—C. Ia T. A. Prof. Jean Capart guished Egrptologist. invited Prof. Queen Eliza majesty went when th. Q b is a Lord C: Capart to accompany eth of Belglum wher, to Egypt to be prese tomb of the King was opened distin- rmarvorn uld the p this vet How ¢ voted on been taker velg at the f that at a vote Congress, as Congress died Frederic J. t and C vour question. service is 2 postage.) SPOTLIGHT Haskén, at northwest, a y charge for cents in stamps for ret BY PAUL V. COLLINS. The Bureau of Health Elucation of the District of Columbia fs contin- ing its efforts to secure legislatic by Congress for the protection of the ik supply of the District again ‘! effort dates back more than | the Dist has never | a law req sant k. Tc there i Health Officer passed the d s e Thi been given by of the It District ¢ < alleged by H of Health medical i of Washin only & milk sold I 1 nearly all ¢ its class. The assertion Is made that the opposition arises from outside dafries. men who n milk 1 and whose herds are located in V. ginia, Maryland and other reg bevond all inspection by Washingt uthorities—even located as dista as Wisconsin, whenee cream and butter are shipped to the Capltal. This stricture upon the purity of our milk does not apply to all dalries | peddiing milk in the city Health | Department rates all dalries and [ samples of their milk every month Tts ratings show that for last month | 20 dairles rated above 80 | rated between 70 and | een 60 and 70, four | between 50 and 60, eight between 40 and 60 and one between 30 and 40, Yet there Is no law to stop even a ry rated as only one-third sani- ary from peddling its unpasteurized | and supposedly impure or even diseased milk. Such milk is sold at | 2 3 cents quart lower than high-grade milk. and finds a ready sale among the poor, where it is used for feeding Dbah Some of the hospitals are found by the| Bureau of Health ucation to using milk which contalns an in- | credible number of bacteria, and | using it unboiled and unpasteurized A decade ago Dr. Rosenau, director of the hygienio laboratory of Harvard University, collected samples of milk ngton | and found that they contained from 2,000,000 to 111,000,000 bacteria per | cubic centimeter. The Washington | Milk Conference adopted as the max- imum of safety 100,000 bacterfa per | ubie centimeter. Certified milk con- ns not to exceed 10,000 bacteria per cubie centimeter. mittee of 15 the Bureau its appeal to the mothers Washington is in America withe that qus the a milk lower t large law the cit at and | { | | there per cent, five 80, cight b a be | Ak Great changes have come about in the knowledge of food in the last decade, vet some of the older physi- clans are sald to cling to the old ideas concerning the feeding of raw milk to babfes. sy contend, according to Secretary Berliner of the Bureau of Health Education, that pasteurized and bofled milk fed to bables give them rickets and Barlow's disease, hence only raw certified milk is safe. In answer to this one of the highest authorities of the Department of Aszriculture—a bacteriologist of world-wide reputation, but who re- quests that his name be not quoted because he would be flooded with cor- respondence, and is too busy to dis- cuss the matter with individuals—de- clares: ‘When an animal is fed upon the milk of another species such small differences as have been found In the nutritive values of raw and bolled milk have been in favor of the bolled milk. Barlow's disease and rickety are shown mnot to be dus to the use of boiled milk, but probably to an undue amount of farinacious food too life. early in S This same eminent bacteriologist says that, since bolling milk in the open tends to destroy its vitamines, the vitamines should be supplied by the feeding of a proper amount of orange or lemon juice, grapefruit julee or the juice of tomatoes—even canned tomatoes. He states that but- ter is rich in vitamines, while oleo- margarine contains absolutely none. education. It is merely the lament of a school teacher In the face of such possibilities as a book of this quality ofters. For, it is clearly a great treatment of & momentous subject, He joins with other bacteriologists and physicians in declaring the dan- | be detec | effec fected from the udder of the corw where no indleations of disease could ed. Hence milk given to babl heat, arin past ing’ For vears in scientifi monar cles as o whe the scientists Agricultur tection. . to estak mere of mi its 4 may contiin deadly k Ly proper in paste tion, trea dust of the Dr. Dav who hus & the milk of raw m cunt of or me boiling the evident treatea | sou cities instan ductio mortality in a a opl entist : hospital was ¥ by the pasteurization of mil is backed ur ek al Departime bou the Agricuit neral the Surgeon New Yo ty, who extensive of milk s fed to bal 8, wflr‘ pasteuri lan- guage: “Since the : pasteurization of pr. bottled milk in New ¥ force, and of T general mortality has dnc city more than 2 po: 1,000 down to 13.7 saving of 12,000~ liv, In New York City every 'year. For Washingtor where the death rate was almost 17 per 1,000 in 1917, j similar resuit would mean the saving of over 1,000 lives per year. For the United S a general pasteurization of and cream might easily be by the saving Dr cialist de est a ur the r. followi sums o ation in > for the geners of the K has been in d the ined {n that out of 16 per This means a followed of 250,000 lives eve Pasteurization of all milk and cream in the United States, ther means saving annually three times many lives as we lost in the War. World * ¥ %k x A single instance, cited authorita tively, may illustrate the seriousnes of the danger of epidemics from con taminated milk. About 18 months ago, in Portland, Ore, as reported in the Amerioan Medlcal Soclety Journsl, Vol. 80, page 22, a dalry milker had a slight attack of sore throat, Within one week 487 cases of septic aore throat resulted among the patrons of that dairy's milk. Of thess 457 victims, 22 died in that wee! and many of the survivors are still suf- fering in agony with heart weakness and defeotlve joints. No inspection of the cows would have averted this epidemic, for it came entirely from the “mild case” of septic sore throut of the milker. Pasturizition of the rilk, says the sclentist, would have ger of feeding to bables any raw milk, since even the most carefully bandled raw milk is liable to be in- destroyed the germs. (Cepyright, 1025, by Paul V. Cofties.)