Evening Star Newspaper, January 4, 1925, Page 38

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY January 4, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Ofce, 11th Bt. and Pennsylvanis Ave, New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Rullding. European Office: 16 Regent 8t.,Londos, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning dition, " is delivered by carriers within the city af 60 cents per month: dally only, 45 cents per month: Sunday only, 20 cents per month. Orders may be sent by mail or tele. phove Main 5000. “Collection is made by car- riers at the end of each mouth, Rate by Mall—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virgl Dally and Sunday.1 yr., $8.40;1 mo. Daily only y Sunday only All Other States. Daity Sunday.1 yr., $10.00;1 mo., 86¢ Datly only ......1yr, $7.00;1m Sunday only yr., $3.00;1m Viember of the Assoclated Press. The Assoclated Press is exciusiveiy entitied 1o the use for republication of all news dis- ratehes credited 1o it or not otherwise credited and aiso the local news pub. All rights of publication of d.spatches herein are also reserved. War Debt Equities. )W that the debts owed this Gov- ment by the governments of Eu- vope are again figuring in the dally of news there has been revival ot the propaganda for cancellation, in whole or in part, of the principal sums owed us as a result of the loans we made our associates in the late war. Propaganda, as used here, is not meant as a term of reproach or as indicative of unworthy motives. Little, if any, of i ed to serve Europe at the of America. The propa- are chiefly well meaning per- sons whoee intentions are better than their information, One of their most appealing argu- ments, and one of the most insidious because of its appeal, is that the debt should be scaled down because the money we loaned our European friends was used in this country for the pur- chase of goods at inflated prices. To varaphrase old Omar, they want to Xnow if we are going to ““demand pure gold for what we lent them dross- allay'd,” and they sigh with Omar, “Oh, the sorry trade: Tt is true that the money we loaned European friends was largely ex- pended in this country for goods they required, and that we old them these soods at artificlally inflated prices, the artificial inflation being due to the war they were waging in Europe, and 1 no small measure to the fact that bid against each other in their cagerness to get the goods. They bought at a level probably 100 per cent above the pre-war level of prices. Now, if thers not another side to the picture, this might be a valid argument for a reduction of the debts. It would not, of coirse, call for cut- ting the debt in two, for no one ex- pects prices to return pre-war levels, might, based on present price indexes, call for a reduction of 25 per cent in the principal sums. Would France, for instance, agree that with such a reduction it would be practical for her to fund and even- tually pay her debt, whereas the total as it now stands is beyond her ca- pacity to pay? We will examine the soundness of that premise after we have had a look at the other side of the picture. The other side of the picture has to do with the money we spent in France and the other countries with which we were associated in the war as an offset to the money they spent here, end the prices they charged us as against the prices we charged them. It is said we profiteered at the ex- pemse of our friends with whom we were arrayed in battle. If we did, our friends not only coppered our game but went us several better. The case of France will serve to illustrate. The French government borrowed of this Government about three and a half billion dollars, and spent.the money largely in this country for goods at about 100 per cent above pre-war prices. Our Government did not bor- row money from the French govern- ment, but it sent about a billion and & half of American dollars to France to buy supplies needed by the army we ent over to help France win the war, and France sold us these supplies at about 300 per cent above pre-war prices. Our case against Great Britain is not-so strong, because we had less oc- sion to purchase supplies from our chief borrower. But whatever the British lacked opportunity they meds up in willingness to sting us. One of the things we needed in large quantitics, and of which Britain con- trolled the supply, was jute, We bought our jute from the British at about 600 per cent above pre-war prices. Another British resource we had need of was shipping—to carry oar soldiers overscas and the supplies and munitions required to make them effective on the battle tront. The Brit- sh charged us all the traffic would Dbear—and it borea lot. We paid, and in cash, on & scale about 1,006 per cent above the pre-war cost of such service. After much mnegotiation the British finally agreed to a rate of $125 per head for our soldiers, and the Olympic, for instance, carrfed 10,000 men each trip, besides cargo—a mere trifle of $1,250,000, plus freight revenues, for @ one-ay passage. So, in the matter of war profiteer- ing, that is that. Which enables us to get back to our mutton, the same being the contention that if we would scale down the debts 1o @ basis of cquity our now delin. quent debtors would be able to under- take their payment. How much help would it be to France it we scaled down her debt 25 per cent to bring the price she paid for goods in war time into relatiomship Wwith present com- modity prices? The British debt was funded on a basis of 3 per cent per annum to apply on principal, One- half per cent per annum on the I'rench debt would be about $18,000,- 000 per annum. Were the principal reduced by 25 per cent the annual charge of % per cent per annum to apply on principal would be $13,500,- 400. Does the difference between $13,- 500,000 and $18,000,000 & year stand in the way of funding the French debt? Ot course not, you will say; it is the iaterest that will be burdensome, But, to in does France know that this Govern- ment is going to insist upon an in- terest rate beyond her capacity to pay? All this Government has asked is that the sanctity of international | obligations shall be sustained by frank recognition of the debt and an under- taking to discharge it by small annual payments over a long period of years. Once she does that France will find little difficulty in arranging an in- terest rate within her capacity to pay. Under the British settlement the an- nual payment on principal is only one- sixth or one-seventh as important as the annual interest charge, from the standpoint of burdensomeness, but from the standpoint of International good faith and the maintenance of na- tional credit it is infinitely more im- portant. A War Museum. Proposal is made to transform the Pensioh Office Building into & museum of the wars of the United States. The commissioner of pensions urges that the bullding become the national re. pository “of war trophies, mementos, implements and uniforms which would bear to posterity the story in graphic form of the wars in which the United States has engaged.” A resolution has been prepared, to be jointly introduced in the Senate and House, which pro- vides for the appointment of a com- mission to investigate and report on the proposed war mendorial. The Pension Bullding itself was buflt in 1883 a memorial to soldiers of the Civil War and earller wars. The commissioner of pensions has sald: “There is a wealth of material for the proposed war museum, much of it stored in Government buildings here, some in the custody of patriotic so- cleties, Grand Army posts and in- dividuals who would be glad to avail themselves of such a depository for their cherished relics. Brought to gether for display within the Pension Building, which now contains millions of claims growing in value as historic documents with the lapse of time, they would become one of the attractions of the Nation's Capital and of {nestima- ble value as @ source of inspiration to those who while enjoying the blessings of the Nation might otherwise forget those brave men whose struggles and sacrifices made possible a great Na. tion dedicated to the proposition of equal liberty for all.” A war museumn at Washington would be a permanent source of in- struction and rich in material asso- ciated with and illustrative of the his- tory of the Republic in its tragic and most eventful phases. Collections of relics of the Revolution, the second war with England, the Mexican War and the war between the States are in the National Museum, and in that mu- | seum there is already crowding of relics of the World War. As penston business of the Civil War declines the Pension Building will become a lonely place, and to preserve it from becom- ing an empty memorial it must be con- verted to another use. Perhaps this historic structure could be put to no more significant and fitting use than @s & war museum. oot The Bridge Bill. Request has been made for a recon- sideration of the vote by which the Senate passed the Memorial Bridge bill the other day, but there is little reason to believe that the Senate will refuse to enact this measure. It is @ fact that the bill was passed without debate on the first instance for the reason that thig is one of the best known of the perennial questions be- fore Congress. The Senate has repeat. edly approved it. It hes passed it in the form of separate bills, and has added it as amendments to appropria- tion bills, only to have them stricken out in conference. It may, perhaps, be well to have the bill debated and the urgent reasonms for this construction spread on the record. Surely there will be no protest from the country at large on the score of economy against such an enact- ment, even with an appropriation of over $14,000,000. For the need of a causeway between Washington and the national cemetery at Arlington is thoroughly understood. The danger- ous conditions that prevailed on the 11th of November, 1921, when the tomb of the Unknown Soldler was dedicated, were the subject of nation- wide comment, and from all quarters came expressions of the hope that a suitable means of access to the na- tional cemetery would be speedily pro- vided, This {s a matter of patriotic neces- sity and of practical need as well. The money required for the construction will be spent over a period of years, for this work cannot be finished in a hurry. The annual drain upon the Treasury will be slight in comparison with the value of the service rendered by the bridge. —————e—— Perhaps the District government is letting the snow hummocks remain on the streets in order to make motorists more content with the natural bumps in the pavements when the thaw comes, —_—————— British working men are preparing to demand larger wages., After a few duys every new year looks very much like the old one. ——————e——— Tnternational indebtedness calls for expert consideration. The diplomat is often at his best when figuring as a tactful bill collector. B The Voices of Nature. Science is not sentimental and sometimes research is ruthless. Many ere the illusions that have been de- stroyed by the hard-fact revelations of those who ere studying nature’s secrets by microscope and test tube and by intensely concentrated ob- servation, Here is @ paper read be- fore one of the branches of the sclentific convention now in session in Washington relating to the cries of insects. Dr. Frank B. Lutz says that, while insects may have languages of their own in tones that the human ear cannot detect, generally speaking, the croakings and lamentings of the tiny creatures mean nothing between them, and he declares, after spending many hours in the hot sun watching lady grasshoppers, that “if human lovers received as little response to thelr serenades as do the grasshop- pers most of them would either give up music or remain bachelors. Thus passes one of the happy thoughts of those who love the small voices of nature, No longer will the katydid's creaking cry be translated Into question and answer. No longer will the raucous note of the locust be recognized as a signal to the mate. No longer wiil the chirp of the cricket b2 recognized song of affection. Insects do not include frogs, but the same question may arise whether the note of the denizen of the pool is in the same category of meaningless sound. Tt would be a pity to dismiss the basso and baritone of the pool as mere chatterboxes without mean- ing or purpose. Surely there is some meaning in the guttural notes that arise at evenfall from the sedgy banks of lake and stream and puddle. And how about dogs and cats' Their nightly vocal efforts must have some meaning, particularly cats. The dog that bays the moon may be simply letting off steam or respond- ing to some mysterious urge of na- ture which it does not understand. But there {s no mistaking the feline voice. Prof. Lutz will surely not go S0 far as to suggest that cats are to be classed with grasshoppers in the wmatter of emotional expression. The Inaugural Chairman. Selection of Willlam T.” Galliher chairman of the inaugural committee Is assurance that the work of the citi- zens of Washington In preparing for the ceremonial on the 4th of March wiil be thoroughly and well done. Mr. Galliher has served in the past in con- nectfon with Inaugural committee work and Is familiar with the task of arranging the details for that occa- sion. His high standing in the com- munity and his wide and intimate ac- quaintance with the citizens of the Capital will enable him to secure the co-operative services of a committes of active workers fully representativ of Washington. Though the precise scope of the inaugural program is not yet assured there is Indication that the ceremonial will be similar to those of former times, when features accom- panied the induction of & President into office of & kind calculated to draw a large attendance of visitors from elsewhere. e r—e————— Some of Washington's motor drivers will be well qualified for the aviation service after their experience during the past tew hours in hitting the high spots of the Capital's street pave- ments. —— e There are now suspiclons that Mr. La Follette would have had better prospects for organizing a new party if he had decided to stay out of the recent election. —————— That persistence pays is well proved by the final success of the weather forecasters who predicted snow for Washington for the holiday season. ——————— The Post Office Department comes to the front with a resolution to the effect that any lingering graft will be dispensed with for the year 1825, ——————————— The good New Year resolution that ‘lasts until the 4th of January is in & fair way to be kept, but most of them have e 48-hour limit. ——————— Russia has entirely failed to make it clear whether Trotsky is to be regard- ed as a coming dictator or a lame duck. The grip germ adds his own sar- donic confirmation of the reports that business is to flourish in varfous lines. S SHOOTING STARS BY PHILANDER JOHNSOS. Evolution. The crocodile sald to his mate, with a sigh, “Evolution is bringing a tear to my eye, T'd rather revert to plain reptile than grow Toward human resemblance as years come and go. “Our fam'ly, I know, is voracious and tough, But I'd rather hold out for the primi- tive stuf? Than think that some day progeny may Appear as Jounge lizards in languid arr: all our Plain and Fancy. “Do you retain your faith in the wis- dom of the plain people?” “Absolutely,”” answered Senator Sorghum. “Only times are so jazzy that plain people are getting less numerous and fancy people threaten to constitute the majority.” Dramatic Dialegue. The drama now brings thrills found ‘Which we can scarcely smother, As players flercely stand around And cuss out one another. Jud Tunkins says everybody isliable to make mistakes; in fact, some of us are lucky if we can keep from regard. ing that line of activity as a lifework. Cold Calculation, In statesmen wise I take delight And diplomats in bland array; But If they wind up in a fight, I can't see where they earn their pay. pro- Endurance. “Do you remember that old play, ‘Ten Nights in & Barroom?' " “Yep,” answered Uncle Bill Bottle- top. “There ain't any barrooms any more, and even if there was, with the kind of licker now In circulation there's no human bein’ that could last 10 nights."” After the Lecture. A scientist's talk grows so highly re- fined, He moars past the usual speech of mankind. With words of six syllables he can make free Yet he fumbles a few that contain only three. “De fact dat a man done wish you happy New Year,” sald Uncle Eben, ‘aln’ g'ineter keep him f'um doin’ his best to skin you in a crap game.” JANUARY 4, Control of Nation’s Future Impossible, Marshall Says BY THOMAS R. MARSHALL, Fermer Vice President of the United States. Learning by experience ought to contemplate acquiescence in the les- sons of the p Otherwise we keep stumbling on and on. In fact, that is Just what we do. Perhaps it s the sporting Instinct within us. Athletes never are willing to stop short of achlevement. Regardless of attempts that fail to result in new records, they feel that success is bound to come if they only will keep at ft long enough. History, which is nothing more than & chronicle of t t, cunnot con- trol the future. The conduct of gen- erations yet to come Is not to be gauged by the conduct of ourselves or our forebears. This is as it should be. Progress might cease if cvery- thing was regulated in advapce, pre- scribed by fixed rules, restricted by precedents. Yot the lessons of the past enable us to forecast conduct under certain conditions, The strange thing to me s that we discount the means at hand of anticlpating the future. We ignore the lessons of the past, pay no attention to the knowl- edgs which comes to us with the pasaing of the years, overlook signs which plainly point the way. In brief, we let the lamp of experience filcker out. ok ok ¥ It ix the privilege of each age. of course, to settle {ts own problems. Likewlse, it is the duty of each age to settle them, not pass them on. But in settling its problems, one genera- tlon need not feel that it must settle the problems for all time to come. This s & present obsession which I deplore. We seem to feel that we must regulate those to come after us s well as ourselves, We seek to lay down rulee for posterity to obey, to deaign paths for it to walk on, as though the next and succeeding gen- erations would be content merely to accept the faith which is transmitted to them, True, great principles always from age to age will appeal to men of like minds. They were, are and will be the same. When mighty principles are involved, we well may feel that we are planning an eternal structure as we bulld. But we need not at- tempt to settle details save as they affect ourselves, We cannot nail down the future. History discloses the futility of any such attempt. The fallure of the church when it sought to bind the intellect and consclence of mankind suffices by way of {llustra- tion. * ¥ % If_history teaches us anything it teaches us to address ourseives (5 the present and to let future genera- tions Solve their own problems. Hu- man passions, human prejudices, 1g- norance, superstition. ail arise from age to age; all manifest themselves in the conduct of mankind well as in the government of civil fairs. These do not materially thange save as they may be amelior- ated by education. But the effect of these primal weaknesses varies from age to age, thereby disclosing, if his- tory dld not disclose, the utter futility of attempting to fix the future status of a people. I turn to politics for an Ilustration. Religlous and racial Among the fslands for which the United States Navy is responsible is Guam. It 1s used as & naval station and, in these days of cable, wircless and air- planes, has become an important link in the transoceanic communications sys- tem. The commandant of the naval station there s also the island's gov- ernor. To New Zealanders this island for- merly was the mythical port for which vessels leaving their harbors would clear when sa{ling under s ed orders. These orders when ope: at sea always contained Instructions to proceed to some other part of the world. So much of & custom had this become that many New Zealanders came to regard Guam as a place ex- isting only in the imagination of ship owners. ¢ Recently an American visiting New Zealand was questioned &8 to his next destination &nd named Guam. You can {magine his astonishment when his friends applauded him loudly for his excellent joke, not one of them belleving that such a place existed. The most remarkable occurrence at Guam in recent months wi the great typhoon and flood which swept the island on October 1. The storm caused one death and wrecked thou- sands of dollars’ worth of property. But it made history chlefly because the rafnfall broke almost all existing records. The rain gauges showed that 1in 15 hours 19 Inches of rain had fallen over the Island of Guam and in 48 hours there were 33 {nches. A mathematical shark has figured that, as the island covers 245 square miles, the rain which fell would amount to more than 18,000,000,000,000 cuble inches, or §0,000,000,000 gallons. Putting the figures into tons it would amount to 322.000,000 tons of water. This (s about & year's rainfall in some of our States, and it is more than a year's allowance for 11 of the most arid States all put together. From Guam it is not a great jour- ney west to the 7,000 islands of the Philippines, which are inhabited by more than 13,000,000 people. The Fillpinos have a very old civil- Ization which dates back beyond re- corded history. They were being in- fluenced by Indian and Chinese cul- ture several centuries before Chriet. They had a literature and records of thefr early history, but the manu- scripts were made of palm leaves and bamboo, and were kept in caves, where the people gathered and wor- | shiped. The Spaniards, coming to the Phil- tppines In the sixteenth century, called these records “Books of the Devil,” and ordered them burned, so that today there are only a few scat- tered bits of manuscript which have been found in corners of the caves on the tslands. University Older Than Harvard. The Philippines had a university in 1611, 26 years before Harvard Unl- versity was established. The Filipinos are ambitious and In many ways very progressive. In the Far ~Eastern Olympic games they have more than held their own against Chinese and Japanese ath- letes. In 1923 the Philippines came out first in base ball, volley bail and bas- ket ball, and second In track and fleld, swimming, tennis and foot ball, A Filipino sculptor in Rome h: been attracting wide attention an winning prizes In competition with tamous artists all over Europe. Philippine women are becoming more independent, just as American women are. Out of 48 graduates in pharmacy at the University of the Philippines, 42 were women. In the same class‘4 of the 11 doctors’ de- grees were granted to women, and out of 488 graduates 110 were women. Philippine women are becoming nurses and lawyers and are going into trade and industry. Business no new line to them, because it has always been the custom for the women of the Philippines to manage their fam- fiies’ finances. The United States paid Spain the sum of $20,000.000 for the Philippine Islands, and today the trade of the predjudices flamed up in_the campaign and in various States stroyed all real principles at issus. The man who knew his history was not surprised at this recrudescence of passion. But he noted different effects upon this age, different mo- tives sback of the passion. The cause and effect were quite different. for instance, than in 1880, when wsimi- lar religious and racal prejudices were rampant in America. In that year, the Denioeratic party, In substance, declared for equal and exact justice to all men of whatever state or persuasion, religious or polit- fcal; for freedom of religion and of the press; against all secret political organizations, and against religious tests for office. No bigotry or prids of caste or distinction of birth among American citizens was to be tolerated by the Democratic party. The great exponent of this platform was Step- hen A. Douglass, who drew out of that controversy over religion and race this prophecy: *“We are bound to extend and spread until we absorh the entire continent of America and become ofie grand ocean-bound re- public. It Is the decree of Provi- dence. This continent was set apart a8 an asylum for the oppressed of the whole world, and here people are collecting from all parts of the world and taking shelter under the shadow of the great tree of liberty.” * Aok % Thus this great man of prophetic vision sought to neil down the fu- ture. All of America was to be an asylum for the oppressed of the entire world. But who now dreams of any sich thing? Who imagines that this western continent ever is to be bound up under a single government? America doubtless has a divine mis- sion, but its mission fs not to settle the future of mankind. Treaties and constitutions are made scraps of pa- per, not 80 much becausc of a disre- gard of plighted faith as of a resent- ment upon the part of one genera- tion against the attempt of a pre- ceding reneration to fix the moral and lepal status of a people. The flaming of religious and racial sentiment today Is due to a false idea that the future status of Amer- fca may be definitely fixed. This false {dea contemplates that in some mysterfous way the blood in a man's veins or the faith or unfaith in his soul is to mark him for the good or bad American. Through the medium of the ballot hox American citizens are to be made. It Is a dream of purely Anglo-S8axon domination in the future. We are not being gulded at all by the lamp of ¢xperfence. We arc seeking merely to have our own way and to impose it upon the fu- ture. We are trying to_determine who In the years yet to comse shall rule in ¢ Republic. Douglass’ prophecy of a continent- wide America as an asylum for the oppressed of the world has gone into the lumber room of history. Our dreams of fixing the status of the future will disappear in thin air. We provably shall keep at it, however, so long as life und liberty last. Conso- lation may be found in the thought that when our efforts to forestall the future shall have tailed we shall not be here to realize how puny are the devices of mere mortal purposes. , (Copyright, 1024, by 21st Century Press.) UNCLE SAM’S PACIFIC ISLANDS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN islands for & single year is worth 15 times that amount. The desire of the Filipinos for in- dependence has not been lost sight of, and gradually the way has been paved for autonomy. The Jones act of 1916 promised the Filipinos inde- pendence when u stable government should be established on the islands, A particularly interesting phase of the Philippine situation {s the Moro question. There are about 200,000 Moros who inhabit the southern is- lands of the Philippine group. The Moros are a timely subject just tribes has asked that the Amerlcans establish a school for girls like the industrial and agricultural school run by Americans for Moro boys at Jolo. This Is rather a sensational davel- opment in the history of the Phil- Ippine Islands. The Moros have a world-wide reputation for being among the flercest of all barbaric |races. They are known as scalp col- | lectors, and as people who know only |one way of settling an argument— |and that fs by a gun or knife. Be- | sides this, they are Mohammedans, which implies the active antagonism of the follower of Mohammed to- ward all unbelievers. Not Safe & Decade Ago. Ten years ago the Moro settlements were no safe place for unguarded Aniericans. But 10 years ago Bishop Charles H. Brent, then Protestant Episcopal Bishop of the Philippines. together with Mrs. C. Lorlllard Spen- cer, planned to open a s&chool for Moro boys. They were told that they would only start a bloody religious war, because the suspicious Moro chiefs would warn the people that the Christians were trying to proselyte. The bishop admitted this danger, but he saw that the Moros were going round in a vicious circle of resent- ment, revenge and ignorance. These people, who never bowed the knee to Spain and never gave her a cent of tribute, even when she held the Philippines in her power, have re- spect for the Ameriran rule in the Philippines. But official positions in the southern islands are held by 250 Fllipinos. and the Moros, who are a distant race, distrust them. Because Filipinos teach public school classes, Moro families send their children to school only by com- pulsion and only for the few years which are absolutely required. It looked as though the Moros would go on indefinifely resenting the condi- tions which surrounded them, because there was no way for them to get training to fit them to hold respons: ble positions themselves. The American plan was to take a group of Moro boys and make them into trained leaders. Funds were raised among American philanthro- pists and the school was openéd. Sons of the proud Moro nébility were espe- ofally invited, because such boys seemed most promising material for leadership, but children from fam- flies of fishermen and farmers were also admitted without class distinc- tion. The Moro leaders agreed to give the offer a tri At first between 30 and 40 boys enrolled. The first morning a teacher who entered the dormintory found every boy up and dressed and sitting tensely on his cot with his barong, the native knife, on his knee: Every boy was just waiting for an aftront, real or imaginary, from his neighbor. The school took these young Aghting cocks and kept them s0 busy and s0 interested that they soon forgot to be aggressive. The boys are taught to respect the attainments of their people, but they are inspired to make progress. Until Gen. Pershing ordered them to glve up guns and knives, the Moro way of tilling a fleld was o upturn the sur- face of the ground. a bit at a time, with & barong, the same weapon which could quickly take off an enemy’'s scalp. Boys Trained Practieally. By slow labor in the broiling sun the Moro farmer ralsed a rice crop to teed his family. The school teaches its boys the most practical ways of now because the Sultan of the Moro ! 1925—PART 2. Capital Sidelights The great Irlsh poet, Tom Moore, visitor in Georgetown 120 years g0 and at that time he wrote: In fancy now, beneath the twilight glosm, Come, 16t me lead thee o'er the second Rome, Where tribunes rule, where dusky Darl bow, A was Goose Creek once is Tiber now; With shrines The shrine; squares and obelisks and heroes, known and un- knowd, have materializsed in the Capital. Moore's reference to “Rome* was provoked by the fact that one of the early proprietors, Francis Pope, had called his place “Roms" and named the little stream at the foot of his hill the “Tiber.” A portion of this stream was later used as part of the Washingtorr Canal and when covered over was the beginning of the city's werage system. * & ok K Senator Willlam 1. Borah, who nowadays {s always to be reckoned with, and who is considered one of the great statesmen of his day—was only few ye ago rated not good enough lawyer to be city attorney of a small town in Kansas—Lyon by nume. That was in 1885. Lyon was then 16 years old, and imbued with exuber- ance and egotiem of youth. Railroads were being projected—on paper—and the town had a brand-new tile fac- tory. A drilling outfit had been un- loaded to bore for natural gas. The present Missouri Pacific branch was headed straight for this up-starting burg. Lyon was also demanding a relocation of the State capital. A reform ticket won the municipal election and the new mayor, H. C. Taylor, appointed Willlam E. Borah, then a fledgling lawyer, to be city attorney. That was in April, and during April, May and June the city council discussed the young bar- rister’s qualifications and then the city fathers turned him down and appointed the late Sam Jones in his stead. * % X % Charles S. Deneen, who becomes & Senator on March 4, was elected Gov- ernor of his native State, Illinols, 20 years ago. His great-grandfather, Risdon Moore, was one of the ploneer politicians of the State. He was a ldier in the Revolutionary War, and was Speaker in the Illinois House of Representatives in the territorial Legislature and was & member of the first, third and fourth Legislatures of 1llinols. In the Legislature of 1823 this Risdon Moore was one of the most active men in opposing the calling of & constitutional convention for the purpose of changing the constitution and making lilinols a slave State. He was one of the two men who signed « minority report and who demanded the total abolition of slavery. Be- cause of this he was burned in effigy in Troy when he returned from the Legislature. Mr. Deneen's father was a college professor and adjutant of the 117th Illinols Volunteers during the Civil War. % %% Do you know Thawn-Dum-Pa-Ak? Perhaps it would be a bit fairer to sk if you know that Senator Ralph H. Cameron of Arizona was recently adopted into the Pima tribe of In- dians—on Thanksgiving day, to be exact. This Indian name which he bears in appreciation of his fathering the San Carlos bill for a dam to restore wa- ters taken from them 35 years ago, means “Far Sighted Bagle—Not Afraid of Anything.” But Senator Cameron can't do much successful boasting in the Senate about his distinction as Indian. Because there is Charlie Curtls, the Senate leader, who is a descendant trom the Kaw Indians, and formally recognized as a mamber by the sur- vivors of that tribe. Then there is Senator Robert L. Owen of Oklahoma, whose mother was Narcissa Chisholm of the Cher- okee Nation. Then over in the House thers is the realest Indlan in political captiv. ity, a real aborigine come to the Na- tional Legislature — Representative Charles D, Carter of Oklahoma—who was born in the Choctaw Nation and who attended the Indlan schools at Tishomingo and later superin- tendent of the Chickasaw schools. * x % % “What's in a name"—again we have notable testimony {n a report by the United St Geographic Eoard on the proposal to change the name o “Mount Rainler” to “Mount Tacom _This Geographic Board consists of 14 officers of the Government appoint- ed by the President and representing the Coast and Geodetic Burvey, the Department of Agriculture, Depart- ment of State, Forest Service, Gen- eral Land Office, Geological Survey, Government Printing Ofice, Hydro- graphic Office of the Navy, Light- house Bhreau, Post Office Depart- ment, Smithsonian Institution, Treas- ury Department and General Staf of the War Department. This board unanimously reported against the change of name—for the fourth time in 34 years on this same question, and each time the decision was most emphatic. The name the Geographic Bolird emph is not strictly an Indian word of the Northwest, but seems to be derived from a pumber of more or less similar words Used by the Indlans of the region as a gen eric term, meaning “white mountal and applied to all snow peaks of the Cascade Range from British Colum. bia to Oregon. It & not in any of its forms the distinctive name of any mountain. Peter Rainler, the Geo- graphic Board points out, was & val- {ant officer, who attained the highest rank in the British navy. The proposed change, the board in- sists “threatens one of the most firm- 1y established names on the face of the earth, and would deal a death blow to the stability of international geo- graphic nomenclature.” The change of name would cost the Government a tremendous amount of money for re-engraving and reprint- ing maps and officlal documents, on which the name occurs. It would also necessitate alterations in in- numerable maps, charts, guide: books, histories, school readers and other publications, so that the aggregate cost would reach appalling figures, i * X o % With Congress now considering the annual supply bills for the entire ex- penses of government during the next ifiscal year—in addition to the legis- lative branch, 10 great cxecutive de- partments and some two score inde- pendent establishments—it is inter- esting to note that less than 125 years ago0, to be exact, in October, 1800, the Government moved to Washington in cket sloop, while the high off- drove to town. ralsing rice, corn, and suitable Amer- ican vegetable: They also learn to cook and to bulld houses and to live more hygienically. In three hours a day the boys cover the same course in English, arith- metic, and other academic subjects as the public school students cover in a full day's session. ‘The religious war, which was ominously predicted, never took place. The policy of the school has been to avold talk of special creeds or churches. The girls’ school requested by the Sultan and the principals of the Moro tri ed when suf. ficient funds d. Mrs, Thomas J. Emery of Cincinnati has just given $30,000 to erect a bullding for the school for girls, and the Moro Educational Foundation, as the or- ganization in charge of the work is called, is forming local chapters in cities of the United States to raise $600,000 which would —endow the foundation permanently and would finance Its work among the Moros, MEN AND AFFAIRS BY ROBERT T. SMALL. Twenty-two vears fs a long time for a man to remain in officlal life in Washington and that is why the &oing of Jules Jusserand, Ambassa- dor of France, is looked upon in the National Capital as the loss of a valued old resident. During his long sojourn In the Capital M. Jusserand has been far more than a d 2 He has in truth been a Washing- tonian. He has watched the Capital develop with as much pride as if it had been his own Paris, M. Jusserand knows his Washing- ton. He has rambled through its every quarter. He has spent many happy days in its environs. A lover of nature, a friend of the birds, M. Jusserand long has been a wanderer in the Washington woods. Ever and ever he has seen the city encronch upon homes of the feathered song- sters and where once he could it in solitude, listening to the birds, there is the hum of traffic in built- up streets, M. Jusserand s leaving Washin- ton with many & pang, not so much because the hour seems dark for his beloved France—and he would have timed his departure otherwise 1f hs could—but because he Is parting from many old friends—the friends that come from spending a generation in their midst. It is small wonder that the residents of Wuashington are planning a great dinner and reception for the departing diplomat, and it seems particularly fitting that Chief Justice Taft should be the chairman of the committee in charge of a function that promises to be mem- orable in the life of the Capitel. X oxow ox The span of M. Jusserand's servi to his country in Washington Ay best be measured by the fuct that there are today only two men in the Senate who were there when M. Jusserand presented his credentlals to President Roosevelt. Senators Warren of Wyoming and Simmons of North Carolina are the two. Of the 435 members of the House of Representatives only five were in Congress when M. Jusserand was accredited to the United States. They are Measrs. Gillett of Massachusetts, Henry Allen Cooper of Wisconsin, Butler of Pennsylvania, Haugen of Iowa and Pou of North Carolina. Of the present members of United States Supreme Court only one was serving when the French Ambassador first was recelved at the White House. Mr. Justice McKenna was on the high bench. Mr. Justice Holmes was sworn in just after M. Jusserand arrived. Chiet Justice Taft at that time was Governor of the Philippines. It will thus be seen that, as of- ficial life Is measured in Washington, M. Jusserand has had a most notable service and in a difficult diplomatic post at that. = x % % In the early days of his servics M. Jusserand appeared to be per. plexed at “this unique English lan. guage.” He has always ha y fine sense of humor. It sho Fifty Years Ago In The Star The ‘opening 50 years ago of John Chamberlin’s clubhouse at the corner of Seventeenth and I A Palace Btreets was not only of Chance. matter of much local interest, but attracted attention outside of Washington. In The Star of December,30, 1874, is re- printed a letter by “Laertes” in the New York Graphlc, in part, as fal- lows: “John F. Chamberlin's Washington clubhouse Is now open in the late residence of the British Minister and his legation, on Farragut Square and Corcoran’s yard, Seventeenth and I streets. It is the most elaborate and spaclous gaming house and restau- rant In the United States and cost $90,000. It was esteemed fit for & prince of the house of Hanover- Brunswick to make it his home, and it was erected by one of the most substantial bankers in the United States for his durable family man- slon. It was rented by the British government for $6,000 a year in gold, equal to $12,600 or more in New York City, and has been the scene of some of the greatest parties and receptions over given Washington, viz.: Charles Knapp's grand social party in 1867 and the state reception of Prince Arthur in 1870. “This house was built 30 years or more ago by Elisha Riggs, brother of George Riggs, the son of the founder of the house of Peabody. Riggs & Co. The RIggs brothers built adjoining each other, George Riggs expending upon his establishment $96,000 and Elisha a less sum. It is a brick house, plastered a pale. yellow stone color, with buttresses, bays, pointed Gothic windows and doors, and & luxurious growth of Ereen creepers covers a part of the end and wall and angle. A bay window at the end is as large as an ordinary room. There are two doors from the street, both in the side of the house, one leading to the private office and the other to an oc- tagon room at the center of the house which rises through three storles. “Bntering the main door, a ne- gro recelves the visitor. Advancing through a carpeted hall, on the right is a reception room, on the left a sa- loon. . Beyond the saloon an exten- slon room and the bay aforesaid, and bevond the extension room and the continuatlon of it Is the salon a jouer. ‘The games are roulette, faro and the other game, whose name I forget, bacharach, or something of that sound. The trente et quarante table is not yet up. “An arch out,of the gaming room discloses through the octagon the re- fectory, a beautiful apartment with the famous $15,000 Long Branch side- board In it. The table {s elegantly spread for supper at midnight. Be- hind the refectory, a hall intervening, are pantries, and at the end of the hall is the reading room, letter desk and loynge. Over this on the second floor is the celebrated chamber occu- pled by Prince Arthur, hereafter to be Mr. Chamberlin's own apartment. 1t is octagonal. Five other-bed cham- bers and a sitting room are upon the second floor. Three of the side rooms in this story are for whist and ‘Bos- ton’ In the third story are 12 bed chambers. “I do not see, indeed, whence the materials are to be found for faro ying in this Capital, unless the mext Congrees should bring them In its wake. Money Is scarce here and scheming over. Investigations and buckwheat cakes are the only staples of the poor. There are not less than 20 gaming houses, generally of small pattern and in quarters of ambiguou respectability, and though they are perfectly secure from the law, a very determined effort to break them hav- ing shown that the officials were more smirched than the gamesters, yet 1 could never perceive that any of these people made more than a livelihood. who play Boston and poker among gentlemen and have the reputations of being rich. A fair proportion of pub- lic men gamble all the while when at leisure. Tt {s the habit of the West and South, and Army life taught thousands of young officers the fasci- nation of the ‘draw.’ But there is no hatel or club in Washington where a compafy of men may not call for cards and a servant and keep up the combat all night.” the But there are men here | smile twinkles that wreathes his twin- kiing eyes. One day, & :ood ma years ago, when he was i (tending Lake Champlain celebraiion in com pany with the then I'resident Taft M. Jusserand declared tamt tnis wex the most unique country he had ¢ known, “I look across the lake,” he “and I see the beautiful blue tains in the distance and T sa are the beautiful blue mou and you tell me they are the Mountains. I call that unique * x ko Rabbl Stephen S. Wise of York was a #peaker recently gathering of Pennsylvania: metropolis. He was introcuced Charlle Schwab. In presen:ing distingulshed rabbi, Mr painted a beautiful pic Wise's service to his countr the war. He told of how iir. Wi came 10 his office one day an« sald h wanted something useful tc do, no & white collar. So Schwal -ent to the shipyards, where ‘or mor than & vear the churchma. laborei in_mechanic's cap and ove:alls. Mr. Schwab rose to leights eloquence {n telling how one day he had visited the great shipyards at Hog Island. It was Midsummer and the sun was beating down in &ll itx flery fury. But there was the stal v figure of the rabbi, riveting . WIth the honest sweat of patriotic public service rolling frew his noble brow. The picture natur ally brought down the house. But Rabbl Wise rose with a smile “1 always used to have great faitl in Charlle Schwab and all that I might s he began, “but after lis- tening to him here tonight I don'l know what to tht In the first! place let me tell you that I never drove a rivet in my life I am not a skilled mechanic 1 worked dur- ing the war us a common laborer or helper. And Charlie Schwab’s pie- ture of that day at Hog Isiand Is all wrong. I worked at Stamford, Conn Now gentlemen, I ask you, what sort of rabbi would I be to work at Hog Island?" * % % % ch section of the country has its own particular railroad which is condemned to Le the butt of all the rallroad jokes. Around New York, of course, it is the Erle, made famous by the old wheeze of a passenger rn- marking that the train was running uncommonly smooth, only to discover that it was off the track. Down in Texas the poor old Texas and Pacifi: has to bear the brunt of the joke- smiths and the after-dinner speakers At Amon Carter's dinner to visiting celebrities during the American Petroleum Institute's meeting, at Forth Worth recently, Col. Bob Stew- art, head of Standard Oil of Indlana, arose 1o remark that he believed the Texas and Pacific was the only rall- road mentioned in the Bible. “‘The Lord created all manfier of creeping things'" he hastened to ex- plain. ] Heard and Seen “For heaven's sake, about cats!" writes G. - ery Sunday you write about cats, cats and more cats. Frankly, I am fed up on cats, as the saying Is. Let us have something about dog: pigs. horses. cows or some of your other animal friende—or even human beings. ats, at best, are sly, sneaking quadrupeds, without one trace of af- fection, despite the fact that your own cat manages to put one over on you when he wants something. Hon- est, do you think his purring, when he wants meat, is caused by love of you? ‘Not on your life! When that cat purrs, as when every other cat in the world purrs, he is after something. and knows perfectly well, {n that crafty brain of his, that his Innocent biped friend is easily fooled “The cat must laugh up his paw when he takes you in so easily. You are reading ycur own affection Into him, and enjoying the transmutatiol Well, it speaks well for you, but give us & rest on cats, please!” * * x Now, that is tough on the cats. But somehow I do not believe that the man who wrote those words really hates cats. Behind his letter, sort of between the lines, as it were, lurks & sneaking affection for fells domes- - ticus. No, the real cat hater would not speak %0 of them. He would put in « few nasty licks about “striped var- mints,” or some other such pleas antry, and end up by making an abrupt demand for the cessation cat tales. But why shouldn't T, or any other honest man, write about cats? There are so few to write about thess crea- tures that they need the pen of eve one, no matter how humble, to give them their place in the sun of good print. There are many who write about the President, scores who write about politics at large. Each member of the House and of the Senate has some home-town correspondent who busies himself with the great man's doings * and sayings. The dog has Albert Payson Ter- hune. and the birds had John Bur- roughs, But the cat, alone of animals, had no one to sing his praises, week by week. It fs true that the cat has higd Homer——Carl Van _Vachten—whosa monumental work, “The Tiger in the House,” stands as the standard cat book of this day and generation, But who, besldes your humble servac ant. has tsen to writs of the cm: week by week, to datafll the goou ' points and the failings of this very small friend of mankind? So allow me, dear G. B, virite about the cat in peace * * * : He is a very small friend of fian indeed, judged from the standpoint of weight, in a world of ponderous mat- ter, where the large animal hes a natural standing on account of His beefiness, where quantity everywhere assumes a welght In the scale< usually beyond its worth. L The cat seldom welghs overii2e vounds, usually around 10 or 12, ana it he reaches 15 pounds he 18-Fe- garded as very large for a house cat: It {s true that his natural affection is small, compared with that of man or perhaps even with that of the dog. > But this should not be held against him, for how. Is he to know? There is no fairness in this world inveigh- ing against anything in creation be- cause it I not like something else. The dog Is not the cat, and the cat ix not the dog. The horse is not the cow, and the cow is not the horse. No, we have te take the cat as we find him, Those of us who find him fair to look upon, and soft to pat. and entertaining to watch, comical in his moods, cleanly in his habits— are we not to be congratulated? For we have discovered something that you, G. B. F.. have not found. Where you see only a “sly, sneaking quadruped.” laughing in his paw at us, we see a miracle In fur. When our cat meows to get out and goes down the path in the dark we see more than just a cat—we see a little thing starting out in the im- mense, mysterious blackness, ecars alert, eyes shining, brave In the face of the unknown. May we face the unknown dark- ness as well when our time comes. C. E. TRACEWEHLL. of F.;