Evening Star Newspaper, January 4, 1925, Page 37

Part 2—16 Pages FATEFUL PERIOD OF WAR DEBT ADJUSTMENT HERE IU. S. to Be Represented at Paris Confer- ence—Tension Increased by Recent Exchanges. WASHINGTON, D. C, THE PASSING SHOW IN POLITICS BY N. 0. MESSENGER, SUNDAY MORNING, JANUARY 4, 1925 END WARFARE BETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE i February 21, the La Follette forces are pro- " ceeding quietly with the organization of the ONSIDERATION of and action UDOD progressive party in State and Nation. J. A. the ratification of the child labor i Hopkins, treasurer of the Greater New amendment to the Constitution will york La Follette-Wheeler campaign commit- be an important féature of the work e, iy quoted to that effect. The statement ‘In the Legislatures this Winter and pointed out that while in 22 States La Follette g following. Thirty-seven States will In time polled more votes in 1924 than Rooseselt pass upon the adoption or rejection of the polled in 1912, and while La Follette's vote amendment. Strong forces will be lined up exceeded the Roosevelt vote by approximately for adoption, while there will be bitter oppo- 700,000, nevertheless La Follette's percentage sition to it by other influences. Massachusetts o the total vote fell considerably below already has taken action, having overwhelm- Roosevelt's percentage, due to the fact that ingly rejected by popular vote in the No- there was no great gain in industrial States vember elections proposed ratification of the ag the result of progress for the labor party amendment. idea. This action is expected to spread to other The statement says: “It must be frankly States, as the Massachusetts opponents have and honestly admitted that from a national started a campaign which is to be pushed standpoint the campaign had no semblance of with vigor by sympathetic opponents in other organization, financial policy or effective pub- resistant communities. One of the most im- licity, the three essential elements in a sue- portant and expectedly effective groups of cessful political campaign. Under these cir- opponents fs embodied in the membership of cumstances the fact that there were at least the “Sentinels of the Republic,” an organiza- five million people who could not be prevented tion whose efforts are;being bent to fight ad- from voting for the new Progressiva party ditional proposed amendments to the Consti- carries with it more real significance than tution and to resist the tendency to centraliza- any analysls of figures or percentages can tion In ‘government and the spread of bu- possibly Indlcate reaucracy. * Kk %k The statement says that the State com- mittees of the Progressive party are going straight ahead with their organization pre- paratory to the 1926 and 1928 campaigns, but the mistakes of 1924 will not be repeated. The Progressive party will be composed of the voters who individually enroll as such in ac- cordance with the American usage and in con- formity with the provisions of the election laws. The American Federation of Labor, the Railway Brotherhood, the farm organizations and other economic bodies cannot be integral parts of such a party, because logically and in fairness to their respective industries they must maintain a non-partisan attitude which limits their political activitles to the indors- are rearing our structure upon a permanent foundation and a careful, intelligent and ex- perienced leadership.” * ok k% The big fight in the New York Leglslature is on. It will soon be developed whether it is, & real fight or likely to result in a dog- fall. Gov. Alfred E. Smith was inaugurated January 1 for the third time in his political career. At the same time there went into office a State government that otherwise is completely Republican—six elective officials, each the head of an important administrative department, and a Leglslature in which the Republicans will have the majority. In his Inaugural address Gov. Smith issued what is regarded as an unmistakable chal- lenge to his legislative opponents to throw politics out of the window. for the next year and work together in & harmony that will be based wholly on the needs of the State. Poli- ticlans recognize that this was the only course for him to take in the face of the opposition to him: to place himself upon the high ground of the good of tie people first and put tis Republieans in the attitude of playing pol- itics in resisting hls recommendations. It is thought there is no possible prospect of the Legislature falling into line with this sug- gestion. In fact, before the day was ended the Republican Legislature chiefs, together with State Chalrman Morris, Who represents Senator Wadsworth, the leader of the party in the State, were In conference over plans of resisting the gubernatorial program - at every step. Placing of Dr. Pupin at Head of Amer- ican Association Marks Beginning of Better Understanding. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. ITH the coming week the acute problem of inter- allied dabts enters a new phase as a consequence of the meeting of the Buro- pean allics in another Paris confer- /ence. While the United States will he represented in this conference for the limited purpose of protecting a claim we have for $500,000,000 against the German payments, we shall be vutside the main discussion, since we have always declined to agree to any xeneral consideration of the whole subject of interallied debts as one of the group of allied nations. in reopening tnfs examination of the whole subject of debts it Is, per- Laps, worth while to start from the yoint' of view of the several nations 1 with the thesis which their statesmen have malntained and will gnaintain in all future discussions. "fhus we may discover that there is no more fruitful cause of misunder- standing than the belief in the United s that the whole problem s ut- v simple and capable of but one bit they decline to discuss the ques- tion of ‘cancellation or even of scal- ing down the totals. Great Britain, debtor and creditor, but much larger creditor than debtor, propesed firat a general cancellation, all debts to be annulled and German reparations scaled down to the costs | of. actual reconstruction. This was | rejected by America, since we should have forgiven $12,000,000,000 debts and been forgiven nothing. Britain now pro- poses to ask from her continental debtors, Germany and the allies alike, only annual payments which will just carry her debt charge to us, a sum which in 1932 will, at its maxfmum, amount to $184,000,000. But she de- mands that her ailies shall be re- sponsible for the whole sum in case of German default. Arguments of Fra The French také a double position, as do the Italians and the Belglans. As to thelr debts to Britain, they say in substance that British loans repre- sent a contribution to a common cause; that France spent more in BY HAROLD K. PHILIPS. S this generation destined to wit- ness the millennium of an armistice or perhaps complete peace, between science and religion? : Back of the brief announcements in the news columns last Friday that Michael Pupin, one of the world's fore- most physicists, had been elected presi- dent of the American Association for the Advancement of Science lie some “Has science ged that vis highly eignificant facts that tend to|Oof the .early childhood days? make such a reconciliation quite within [asked. “What does that light the realm of a probable possibility vey to my mind todav? The answe The past year has seen some definite | 10 this question was born during my steps on the part of leading churchmen |lifetime, and the gradual unfolding to depart from ancient policies of “blind | of its profound meaning gave me the prejudice,” and in return science in|sweetest thrills of my life America has frankly demonstrated its Fifty years ago, Instructed desire to correct the general misappre- | David's Psalms, I found in the light hensfon that it is concerned only with|of the stars a heavenly languag material things, “cold facts,” and has no | which proclaimed the glory of (ior concern for the country’s spiritual wel- [but I did now know how that AT~ fare, guage reached me, and I hoped that Vehement denial of such an erroneous | some day I might find out. The hope ldea has already been made many times | was in my soul when I ded by Dr. Pupin, and when the American |Castle Garden ( ssociation for the Advancement of |sclence ells m Science” summoned him to its leadership | themselves bring it to it is known that his broad views on the controversy with religion wielded tre- | mendous influence in his ultimate selec- tion by a unanimoue vote. Public to Be Shown Goal. . When the American Association puts into operation its announced plan for a widespread campaign to reveal the dis- coveries of science and discover new flelds for research, one of its most im- portant phases will be to show the pub- lic the true goal toward which science facts.” He does not admit that there is any conflict between science and religion, except in the minds of some people. Again in his autobiography, “From Immigrant to Inventor,” he told how, as a member f a herd man’s squad more than 50 vears age he used to ‘watch the sbars and feel “that their Jlght was @ language proclaiming the glory of God con b ce. * ok ok ok the child labor amendment appeared to be sympathetically received by the public. The arguments in favor of it ap- & S b i pealed to many people. The opponents are blood, losing 1,400, ves agains attacking it on practical grounds and holding 00,000 for Britain, and that, in addi- 1 ip &5 B enice tIAMHA: Toertien ot ihe tion, France was the battleground. N sl " PO S e people In the last analysis. They also are as- A1NGase TonMng the Bultien debt. As salling its origin and the propaganda for it to the American debt, they say that at in this country as a Soviet proposition. They present Germany Is paying nothing charge that to invest Congress with unligited and German payments for the future power to control the labor of youths under remain problematical; that unless 18 years of age Is practically nationalization Germany pays France cannot, and of that element of the population and weak- cauld not dn Justios he usked to pay. ening the rights of parents, as well as limita- tion of the rights of the young men and Accordingly they ask In our case for a postponement of all payments un- & women of the land to further thelr own destintes. At first blush, soluti Situation at End of War, To begin with the American point of view, our Governgnent-maintains nd our public generally believes that situation is this: France, Britaln and Italy borrowed large sums of us during the w At the close of the war, although we had made large material and financial contributions to the victory, which without us could not have been won, we declined to sharc in the spoils, territorial and Selence and “Each burning star is a us energy, of life-giving activity, wh it pours out lavishly into direc tion of the energy-hungry space; i pours out the life of its own heart, In order to beget new life. Oh, what beautiful vista it opens to our im agination and what new beautles » disclosed by science in (he meaning of the words in Genesis: ‘He breat ed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul’ The enexin. % K ok % Out of this conference and subsequent ones it is expected there will shortly be announced a legislative program diametrically opposed to that of Gov. Smith, forecasting that the session will end in an even worse deadlock than did the last. The Republicans are re- ported as considering plans for depriving Gov. Smith of some of the patronage he now has. | This amiable program, however, is menaced |is atriving—to overcome uninformed til their ability to pay is determined. otherwise, and refused to share in the German reparations payments, save in totally minor details. By contrast wo asked our debtors to fund and pay the debt which they had incur- 'red here and thus take off the shoul- ders of our taxpavers the burden they were carrying. We said, and say, in substance, Su- rope owes us $12,000,000,000, lent dur- ing the war, raised from our people by the sale of Liberty bonds, and now constituting more than half of our entiro national debt, The case is piain, the debt undeniable and we are tired of bearing the burden.” The British standpoint is quite dif- ferent. Alone of the Kuropean na- tions which are our debtors, the Brit- ish have been able to begin payments fto us. They are paying us on a debt for $4,600,000,000, and ~their annual payments for the next 60 vears will rise from $160,000,000 to $184,000,000. Hut the British not only borrowed from us, they lent to their European allies, and, roughly speaking, they lent about the same sum we did, namely, something now, with unpaid interest, approximating $12,000,000,000. But while they are paying us on their debt, none of their allles has made a move to pay. Like the Belgians and the Itallans, they assert their total inability at this moment to pay anything. As to $7,000,000,000 owed us by continental European states, then, we find ourselves faced with the fac that the debtor natfons, France, Italy and Belgium—and the Belgian debt is | very small, comparatively—assert | their present inability to pay any- thing and their present ignorance of their ultimate capacity to pay, since that capacity, in the case of France and Belgium, depends, so these coun tries hold, upon German performance under the Dawes plan. Problem Is Complicated. But the situation is further com- plicated by the fact that France and Italy owe Britain about as much as they owe us and are paying noth-| ing, while Britain is paying us.| Therefore the British insist that these two debtor nations shall pay them proportionately as they pay us. But since these nations regard their Brit- fsh and Amercian debts In a different light, this is tantamount to prevent- | mg their undertaking any settlement with us. The British argue also, un- | officlally, to be sure, that if we in| the end give the French or Italians * %k A statement from the “Committee of Forty- which the fortunes of the Progressive party, declares that, irrespective of whatever resolution may be adopted by the Conference for Progressive Chicago eight” in New York City, Political Action at the ing of speclal candidates and measures. “And the Progressive party, “will be a dues-paying asso- the proportionate con- man or woman who de- participate in are buil the goes on to sa ciation supported by tributions of every sires to but not least, the ground up, is pushing we convention with ALLIES COLOGNE STAND AIDS BERLIN JUNKERS Future German Nationalism Gets Battle “Cry. Peaceful . Agreements Believed Retarded. BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN. ATIONALISTIC elements of Germany are chortling. tolerate outcroppings of that of nationalism whish might Europe in an uproar again. brand throw by the fact that while they control both houses of the Legislature, in nelther do they have the necessary two-thirds to pass a bill over the governors veto. Gov. Smith will later, In his message to the Legislature, de- :all his program of recommendations for leg- islation, only the broad lines of which were laid down in his inaugural address. ° the statement the movement. Last, & slowly from assurance that we 'CONGRESS TO START YEAR WITH OLD DEBT PAYMENT Insistence of President on Payment of French Spoliation Claims Expected . . to Bring Results. by President Coolidge, ongress is about to start the New Year right by mak- inspiration and | biograph a new nation, that has since been an example for all the world, centers about the situation un- prejudice. Dr. Pupin was born in a peasant home in Idvor, a tiny hamlet on the old frontier of Austria, and his whole early life was spent in an atmosphere of in- tense religion. In the 50 years since | came to America as an immigrant, with | stop 15 cents in his pocket, he has le much. but he has never denied th ence of a divine power, and in his autc discuesing the. controvers; between science and religion. made this exist- | frunk statement All changeable things are subject to the play of evolution, and are mortal, from the tiny flower in the fleld to the awe-inspiring cloud figure in the heavens which s called the nebula of Orion. But the laws which the stars and the planets obey in their paths through the heavens never change nor grow old, they are immutable, they are immortal. “The elements of the microcosm, the slectrons in the atom, are as far as we know immutable and immortal, because man knows no natural process by which the electrons and the laws they obey can ever be changed. They are not the prod- uct of any natural process of evolution known to man. To discover the im- mutable laws which this substantia, this immutable foundation of the universe, obeys is the highest aim of sclentific re- | this divine breath and its qu he | action upon my soul rned | Hght of the stars is a part of the life giving breath of God “I never look now upon the star-lit vault of the heavens without feelinz Kening But here I must heavy hand of the pulling me chill of his disapproving voice reminds me that his theolog will not permit an interpretation « the words of Genesis w nne be understood by people wh edge of science is about the sar that of the Assyrians and the deans of several thousand years Second Ideal of “I have taken some point out = I feel the fundamentalists and the jcy ence. puins here me beauties in one par- ticular department of physical sci- ence. Such beauties abound in evers department of science. * * * To cultivate the beautiful in sclence is according to my view, the second 1deal of the many loyal workers as- soclated in the National Res Council. Will that kind of interfere with the spiritual deve ment of our national life?" It was Benjamin Franklin who first instilled into the then youthful Pupi the keen interest in physics that wa later to make him one of the world's outstanding figures in that sciencs After completing his studies in th ““The existence of these eternally um- | little schoolhouse of his native town, changeable things brings us face to face | Idvor, younz Pupin was sent to with a power which is the eternally im- | institution of higher learning at Pan- movable background of all physical | chevo. And there he heard of Frank- phenomena. We feel intuitively that|lin's discovery with his kite sclence will never penetrate the mys-| The strange story thrilled tl teries beyond it, but our faith encour- | young Pupin, and on his next visit ages us in the belief that there behind | home he excitedly told his father the the impenetrable veil of this eternal | secrets of lightning. To his amaze- background is the throne of a divine | ment chérged him power, the soul of the physical world, | pre and reminded him | vhich w template in 5 much more important national advan- | ships of war and privateers. Subse. | ‘1® ",2',‘:::,,"&'},},"‘;::;f;,,";;;:‘fnt biing of ,.~mah-:'i.‘r“'&‘,]_" it tage. With old-fashioned honesty | quentls, on the breaking out of hos | a : =3 [dsein 8 regarding the payment of honest|tilities between Great Britain and |, 18 sSure GiSt many looal Zem-|scoss the Weavems, charging hix debts, President Coolidge in his an- | France, instead of our nation golng to | b ", of he Hational Mescarch Coun| never again to forget that lesson. nual message to Congress on Decem- | the aid of France, as-we had solemn- | “1, PEUeV® A% PRIeRHUR FArorrt Ll Sailed for America. ber 3 very forcibly recommended the | Iy promised by the treaty of M78, we | W11l DrInE W8 closer to ChE BVITEY | prom panchevo voung Pupin jour- passage of legislation to make pro- |iignored onr national obligation and | hah &aY Theololy ‘nyented B MeN| noved to Prague to continue b vision for final settlement of the re- | guaranty!gnd became a party to the ) ¥¢F e Zoe 8 UNELOR A8 SEE B qtudies, but there his interests we maining unpald awards, which were | Jay treaty of 1784 with Great Britain | i¢f 18 certamly one of the ideals Of] 000" hcorbed with the revolutionar afirmed and a quarter of a century and granted to that power the like |AMerican sclence, repfesented by the | o %00 e G N anaing oot in tha the Court of | guaranties we had given to France. [wuen. a0 are assomated n Lhe O rt of the empire. Dr. Pupin now the National | S€ this ideal, there certainly camnot|freely admits that he studied onl be any conflict between tepce and|® ough to keep him from be religion.” dropped from his and finall better terms than the British re-| ceived under the Baldwin plan, then that agreement must be revised Moreover, the three debtor nations, France, Britaingand Italy, regard our domestic policies as singularly unfair to them. We insist upon the pay- ment of large debts, which were con- tracted In goods—that Is to say, debts represent goods sent by u them—but we enact tariff legislation which excludes the products of all; our prohibition cuts off French wines, our immigration laws exclude Italian | there universal satisfaction, and that immigrants and our new mercantile|js among the Foch-Poincare Na- marine, operated by the Government,| tionalists of France, where the with- gravely reduces British earnings in|drawal of allied forces to a point pre- this important direction. Thus we| cluding eventual occupation of the insist upon payments which can only| left hank of the Rhine or the lessen- be made in goods or service, while|ing of military threats against the taking care that neither the goods|Germans always is hailed as direct nor the gervice, nor the labor, in the | hartering away of France's best in- Itallan case, shall be admitted or per- | erests. formed. Importance of Meeting. Now when the Kuropean nations As a matter of fact, Premier Her- riot could not, in the face of the interallied control commission report, risk antagonizing his greatest foes. The Herriot government would give the French Nationalists mighty good ammunition for attack if his actions in the Ruhr should make it appear that Germany was having her way in preparing for a war of revenge. Justly or unjustly, the Natlonalists would make this outery and it prob- ably would be effective. The British governthent finds Mr. Herriot much easier to deal with than Poincare and much more has been accom- plished through co-operative en- deavor than during that period when the French pursued their own way to the complete disinterest of Lon- don, so it is but natural that the British government should want to make concession to Herriot until 1n- ternational matters are further cleared up. In the meantime it will| later reaffirmed by not give French Nationalists encour-| Claims. He advised agement. Legislature thus: Britivh Would Go Slow. | In taking the stand it has, the Brit-| “During the last session of the Con= ish government, cognizant of possi- | gress legislation was Introduced look- ble harm done to the cause of Ger-|Ing to the payment of the remaining manic co-operation, possibly felt that | claims generally. referred to as the the antagonisms to be - stirred up|French spoliation clalms. The Con- would be of transitery character.|gress has provided for the payment Eventually they may be, but unques-|of many similar claims. Those that ing provision for the pay ment of a historic debt— one that has been outstanding since this Natlon's struggle for independ- And the governments of England and France have given the most feared element in German political life chance for new life and. vigor. settd Naturally there is no great satis- faction in business and governmental circles either in London or Paris, as a result of decisions to retain oc- cupational forces in Cologne after January 10, the date stipulated by the treaty of Veriailles for evacu- ation. In only one allied quarter is der which these obligations or “debts | of honox" were Incurred by this gov ernment. In sheer necessity our gov- ernment negotiated a treaty of amity ence, a debt officlally recognized by |and commerce with France, which each of the original States and by |was concluded at Paris on February the greatest Chief Justice, John Mar- |6, 1778, and finally ratified by Con- shall, as well ad by the présent Chief|gress May 4, 1775. Justice, Willlam Howard Taft, when | For the much needed assistance he was President. = thus given by France in our hour of This debt, commonly known as the | distress, our country by that treaty “French spollation claims,” resulted | guaranteed to France her possessions from the new Nation bartering away |in America and certain port privileges the rights of individual citizens for a | for the conduct of the prizes of her search. Burdens of England. May Never Pierce Veil. Thus the British, like us, are car- rying a domestic debt In the shape of honds issued to bear the burden of the funds lganed to their allles and at the same time they are pay- ing us on account of the money which they borrowed from us. . If their allies paid them what is owed ,the British would not only be able fto liquidate their debt to us, but reduce their own debt by some $7,000,000,000. This, too, without any regard to German reparations, in which they are entitled to share to the extent of 22 per cent. Now the British say, “Since Amer- fea makes us pay, our allles must piy us enough to meet the American debt, but we are willing to Jdeduct from their payments whatever Ger- many pays on account of repara- tions. In a word, we are willing to wash out all the double claim of drbts and reparations, so far as we sre concerned, if we can settle on|meet in Parls a few davs hence, what the basis of what we owe America.”|can they decide? The British will They are then willing to scale down |ask that thelr allles undertake to claims which in the aggregate would | make good the difference between s#mount to more than $15,000,000,000 | German payments to Britain and | 10 the $4,600,000,000 which they have | British payments to America up to i the total sum we are receiving. | French situation i different | namely, $184,000,000, using the max!- | man national life inimical to the Like Britain, France owes|mum figure of 1932. If Germany | perpetuation of good intentions, which and is owed, but, unlike Britaln,|should pay under the Dawes plan.|arc so closely linked with the ful-|tionably the peoples of Germany have | Temain unpaid have been long pend- d'rance, aside from reparations clalms, | which fixes her annual contribution | fillment of the treaty of Versaillespheen stirred to new dudgeon, while|ing The beneficlaries thereunder owes more than she is owed and, n|at $600,000,000 in round figures, this|and religious carrying out of engage- | the Industrialists and financial inter- | have every reason to expect payment. nddition, has to carry the burden of | would not be excessive, for the Brit- | ments entered Into during the regime s of England have assailed the | These claims have been examined by $4.000.000,000 raised to reconstruct|ish share would be $132,000,000, | of Chancellor Marx. @ | Covernment for taking any atep an. | the Court of Claims and their valldity Jer devastated area. France, there-|leaving but 350,000,000 to be found |' The Germafns had counted the year | tagonistic to the perpetuation of the | and amount determined. Jore, holds that she cannot take up|by the allles, mainly France and| 1824 as one of great gain. The allies |closest sort of commercial relations| “The United States ought to pay its h sestion of vpaying her debts|Italy. This might be an easy way | had seh it one marking furtherance | hetween the two countries. When the | debts. [ recommend action by the : until she finds out how mucn | to abolish a debt of $7,000,000,000. | of their desires for a reconstituted | British government began to realize| Congress which will permit of the ¢ermany is going to pay her. Owing| But what if Germany did not pay?| Germany A better degree of good |the trade treaty with Germany, which | Payment of these remaining clafms.” A\merica $£4,000,000,000 and Britatn | Then. in substance, France and Ttaly | will: apparently had been inculcated | can become efféctive in two to three| The Senate committee and legis- 2,000,000,000, France is owed, would have to undertake the Brit-|in all international relationships, | months by ratification by the Reichs- | l1ative leaders who have given ex- f reparations, 9,000,000, ish debt to the United States while | which insured even greater progress|tag at its coming session, might be | haustive study to titese claims agree they would suffer by the failure of | during the present vear Then came |endangered. the government imme. | ¢Mphatically with President Coolidge, Germany to pay them directly. And | announcement of the Interallicd Con- | diately notified the French to go|and this legislation has been placed Britain, being assured that if Ger-|trol Commission that all was not well [<lowly on the general tone of the | °M the schedule of elght measures of many defaulted France and Italy | within Germany, that the reichswehr | communication to (;ermany notifying | Major importance which the party would have to make good. would |was the nucleus’ of a military re- |(hat nation of the allies intention to | chieftains belleve should be disposed have no reason to join her allies in | cruiting system which could Eive |continue its occupation of Cologna|Of for once and all at the present ses- making Germany pay. On the con- | Germany a milllon soldiers upon call. | further than January 10. sion of Congress. trary, coercion threatened British | Then came announcement that further As a - his o o1 . trade, the British would have every | than this the Germans were secret-| e modifir:dutl(‘; ;‘f-m‘:flflc&f" et P Ans ety reason to oppose its employment. and against the express promises|so as to soften its evil eff: In the House these French spolia- We may, then, dismiss as out of | implied in the treaty of Versailles,|Britaln also may g6 so tion claims have not been considered the question the recent proposal of | manufacturing arms of all kinds at|notify Germany that eontinued pe.|fOr.-many. years, and the leaders are Winston Churchill, which was a repe- | various points within Germany. cupation is but temporary and that|awaiting Senate action. It is a fore- tition with amendments of the orlg-| These violations of the treaty were|unless the French agree {o contimne | gone comelusion, however, that they inal Balfour proposal of three vears|flagrant and winked at by the gov-|their evacuation of the Ruhr dnring|Will follow the party leaders on such ago. But the British will certainly | ernment. according to reports. At|the course of the coming vear us|an: administration measure, Then. insist that France and Italy ‘make | this juncture it must be stated thut|promised by Herriot, Britaln i | too, members of Congress generally o payment to the United States, | the Interallied Control Commission is|handle the situation individually. Hut | have come to realize that their own zave as they agree to equal contri-| dominated by the French and the!the Germans cannot take uch heart | constituents are interested In this bution to Britaln—and both nations | prench members are of the Foch- this, inasmuch as it is exceedingly | lesislation, because there are people will agree to this without much de- | poincare political faith, which is | unlikely that Britain ever would for. | in every State in the Union who have bate. striving at every point to make a|sake Rhineland occupations, thouzh|a Just claim against the government Other Debts Rated Low. plain case against Germany in fur-|they be of limited proportions, until|for individual property rights that It is true that the British financial | therance of plans to keep French|the French have fajlen back out of|Were sacrificed for the national wel- world belleves Britain’s debts to | forces on_thg Rhine. Be that as itfGormany. Frankly the British be-|fare nearly 135 vears ago. = America are the only live debts fn|may, It nevérthéleks was incumbent|lieve that as long as thelr own| The msot thrilling narrative of cru- the whole collection and have long |upon Premier Herriot, in view of the |forces are in Germany they have a|cial events in our struggle to set up regarded the interallied debts as|internal political situation, not now |trading advantage with the French = scraps of paper. They have also|wholly.to his interest, to recognize|in the question 6f ssttlements with privately expressed opinions favor- | the reports and Immediately lay the | Germany. Furthermorc, ICis argued able to general cancellation. But | matter before the British. The Brit-|in London, he British quit their the British taxpayer, who contributes | ish agreed to remain at Cofogne. Ger-| position and the Frencn are forsa |Year the French might Bave exéted. $ a head annually on his American | many therefore was informed that|fo take it over by virtue of their|ing dificalty in again approdching debt, can hardly be persuaded that | until the spirit and letter of the|situstion in the Rhincland and the|cconomic, financial and industrial ac. at the same time he should forgive | treaty was met the allies would con-| Ruhr, there is no telling when the | cords, to w(!uc en ha:: g“n e o debts owed to him to double or. tinue in Cologne. All of this on the|French mi,ht retire. At the present |France and Germany treble the amount. face ot thingalt s juncture the British can insist that |for the past vewr. = ==L But nelther is it possible to coni Nati st the French maintain their promise| Germany, on v N vince the French taxpayer, who has Mearinl ot Nu = to Germany to quit the Ruhr during|agree to compromise the present sit- to carry the burden of reconstructing; But, as a matter of fact, the allies|the year 1925, thereby cnhancing the |uation, Marx, Stresemann and Luther his devastated area without any Ger.{ are fearful of nationalistic control|chance of fulfiliment of the Dawes |taking responsibility for agreement man contributions, that he must un-|in Germany. They fear Stresemann's|plan. With exclusive French occu- |to prolonged occupation, thereby ab- dertake to pay his allies while his| Peoples’ Party coalition with the ele- | pation, with others not to be con- |solving any one political party. But . enemy is not paying him, and must! ments committed to the overthrow of | sidered, the British argue the Fronch | there is no surety that the. allies' ac- also agree to pay even if hin enemy | the republic and re-establishment oflcould seize upon any pretext to re-|tion will not muddle the Relchstag does not pay him eventually—and | monarchial forms {n Germany. They|main indefinitely. The Britisn now |situation, bringing forth another what is still more difficult, he must| fear such a government would make|are in position to maneuver thines|early German election with national- pay his British ally a greater sum,{a shambles of the agreement that [more In line with their way of think- | istic advantage. if Germany, having failed to -pay | hdve been arrived at In the past year: ing. Away from the Rhine the odds| This situation might arise natural- France, also falls to pay Britain.| Nationalistic control of the German|would be-against them. Iy anyway. Possibly the allies have Further ‘than this he is puzzled by | government would mean complete foreseen it and governed $nmuaelve- the fact that while his creditor al-| right about face on economic and Might Remove Sting. accordingly. On the oth®r hand it lies have never ceased to argue for| financial settlements and muddle| If the Germans can be made to|may have been a remote contingency the reductfon of the sum of German | prospects of future accords. As long |understand this, at the same time be [up to the time the allics further an- reparations, they hold out stoutly! .. (he Germans continue to flounder |glven some promises of future co- |gered the German people by refusal to against any reduction of the debt due | poljtically ‘and as long as there is|operative endeavor, much of the sting |guit Cologne. In any case the by him to his alltes. | doubt as to the kind of government in the present situation may be As for the Itallan. he has no Uebt'|ine allies will have to deul with, |el'minated insofar as England is con- ors, no considerable claim upon Ger- o ] o 9 . but there is every reaso n their cas They are willing to ¢X- | gopt with no/ remunerative gains, {....fd\\- |so apply continued sanctions | ther increase suspicion between Ger- fine the sondition of thelr seversl Jaucu ftor cxainie Alsace-Lotraine ' 70 gor (o impress Germany that[many and France proper. Already éb! with view to basing the | —" 2 — , z « v."?"l‘nn- of payment on “J‘]mll'v (Conting they wcan business and will not!Coamany s diccu cing farift reprisals, his father ching heresy that thunder w; with Allies in Hot Wate; Tnguestionably the allies, though they have sought to minimize pos- sible serious results of the decision of the council of ambassadors to re- tain the Cologne position, are in hot water. The reactions in Germany have heen sharp in the past week. The whole allied course is laid open to attack by those elements of Ger- Shipping Seized. Recommends Congress Act. The conflict between France and Effect of Russian Regime. But the claims of France and Brit- ®in upon their allies are woefully @ffceted by the Russian revolution; Jinssia owes Dritain above $4,000,- ( 0,000 and France in excess of 1,000,000,000. The Soviet has re- yudiated all debts and cannot be Jorced to pay. Therefore these parts of the claims of the two nations B merely book credits As to Taly, her situation is much sworse. She owes America §2,000,000, O and Britain $3,000,000,000, while Fli is owed but $40 00, and her #hare of reparations, amounting to 10 p-c cent, could not at most net mpre than the value of $1,500000,000. Abd, Ttaly, too, has had to face the ydoblem of very expensive recon- #fruction in her own devastated area. ¢ireat Britain can get rid of the Turden of any foreign debt—~Alirst, if 1he Germans pay the sums fixed in the Dawes plan, since the British wilare nearly equals the British debt 10 bs; secondly, if her allies pay the difference bhetween British payments 14 s and German payments to Brit- ui, She has two strings to her bow. ance can escape the burden of ' gn debt if Germany pays her reparations, for the French share would equal the French debt, both to 1he United States and to Britain. She * ould also be able to meet about half her costs of reconstructlon if her Furopean allies outside of Russia »aid up. But Italy has to bear a bur- of $3,000,000,000 in foreign debt even if she gets her share of repara- tions and her debtors pay up their 11 accounts. ion on train and when the treaty of Versailles' economic . exactions are ended next Belglum Heavily Burdened. Igium is in the Ttalian situation. She owes $700,000,000, mainly to France. Her sole asset is her claim against Germany, which under the Dawes plan might bring In $1,250,000,- 000, or enough to free her from for- n debt and about pay for the re- construction of her devastated area. Jut if Germany defaults. she must Tiear the burden alone. Now then we see the bases of the various national policies. The Amer- juan people demand that their loans Cologne incident will figure large in Great: Britain became very bitter.| The National Research Council to| ame his opportunity to go to Amer- commerce suffered greatly, particular- | quring. (he. war and. nos | sent, departed for the land of prom- iy o leh trib. | that of a chores man on a Delawar. merchantmen, yet at no time was 2 u PAldiEPe counail e = ! professor of electrical mechanies based their proceedings upon the ex- Does ‘Ne¢ 1emil Geulliee “cold | universities in the world 1778 remained in full force and effect. French were {llegal and violations not sis that our Government was saved Juatice’ Milawerth \wils ‘the ichieflol | Lo ing mediom 6f automutic, train | nstaliation without \passing: through 20,1800, was concluded. During these ness of railroading, has become ac control installation to meet points can possessions. On the other hand, < & Complying ' with vrders issued ' bY|Commission has remained steodfast of thelr vessels and cargoes. The va- | ago, the and will be made on the railroads of Dutes, but finally the claims of hetn | control device designed to stop a mov- roads had their installatios in and obligations to compensate our own| in 1922 to show cause why an order the meantime 45 smaller roads go rights of American shipowners and|and at its conclusion ordered the 4§ traveling public the end to be regulatory, and, in good faith, have From the time these claims arose | o, the Government, for Congress In most cases the commission has by the clalmants and were supported port on the use of and necessity for from the standpoint of the traveling States passed resolutions calling upon commission conducted the investiga- 2 adopting and will continue to install connected - with the events of the further investigate and conduct ex- tutes therefor an automatic mechan- cdge. satisfied that there was the resulted in the inclusion in the trans- e safe as regards prevention of serioud Xn order tovisettie definitely the ta- install automatic train control devices tual-working out of peace and con-|.r Ciaims, Upon this reference, by iPing and fussing. They have—at 4ol and given, and a Jjoint committee Neutral shipping, as well as that of | wnien Dr. Pupin referred Is the ore|i¢& It Was an advertisement fo occupies | ly those vessels trading with the | pire of the academy z s i farm. Later he was a painter am ute as “an organization which repre- | 7 roand there any declaration of war and no k i | Columbia University, and in the ser istence ‘of a state of war. None, in| Dr. Pupin takes sharp exception to Our government insisted at all only, of International law but of the | from an actual diplomatic break only | & these envoys.. . control, the most recent type of safety s ih their finances. Hearin negotiations France kept insisting|complished fact on at least part of raised by the railroad: but through our envoys pressed with equal vigor | the Interstate Commerce Commission |ty jts principle-that automatic train ldity of these mutual claims was!installed January 1, on at least one the Nation . Were surrendered. France remounced | IN€ train when it comes within a dan- working by January 1. And while these citizens for the fllegal seizures and | should not be issued requiring them on equipping their lines with- train merchants were traded away In re-|roads to install such devices. Some b achieved. asked the the commission for an ex- | of until 1885, when Congress passed the mapy years ago, as far back as 1906, granted the extension where cause by many of the greatest statesmen in block signal systems amd appliances ublic is that the railroads already Congress to make provision for | ¥ tion, and acting upon its recommen- peslod and conversant with the cir. | AN automatic safety factor that takes furlier -lovostien strongest obligation on the Govern. |ical device that will, it is confident S e SRR TR the adjustment of Germany's inter- B 2 | accidents. s bility of the United States for these which comply with the specifications. cord Letween the one-time ememy ma- | — Y "least some of them—attacked the formed. the belligerents, was Indiscriminate- | gonize o \Hhel ‘wac oreated oat of | 5te€ ssage from Hamburg at 1y nelzed and condemned. Our neutral | S mesrey on, wis created out of | low rate, and, with his mothers eon 2 ! building facing | '*% e ; West Indies. Although these depre- | {he Mall near the Lineoln Memoriar | Dr- Pupin's first job in America wis dations were committed against our | he mobilized solentific intellect | PADEThanger. Dut eventually scienc actual break of friendly relations oc- | oo the Onited Staper oo s called him to the high. position or curred. The French courts at no time ice of science he has won decoration fact, existed and the diplomatic re- | persons who would unfeelingly refer | and degrees from some of the highest lations created under the treaty of [to the things of sclence as times that the sclzures and condem- | 3 f 1 nations of American pronerty v e AUItOINAatic Control o rains exisling treaty of 1778. Conditions had reached such a cri- | by the tact of the commission sent| Operation of the passenger train|the financially weaker roads cannot out by President John Adams. Chief | gystem of the United States under the | meet the added cost of tmin control Finally, after long and protracted negotiations, the treaty of September | factor to be Introduced into the busi-|have been held by the commi various points connected with that our government make g00d our | the major rail arteries of the Nation guaranty to protect her in her Ameri- | i, H0F TEE PE jall the controversy and prolonged o > argument the Interstate Commer the claims of our merchantmen for | redress from France for the seizure | in January, 1922, nearly three vears| control is practicable and feasiil many of major railroads [and that *its installation should be admitted by Dboth sldes and mutual | jocomotive division, an automatic train offers were made to settle the dis- Automatic train control installation is progressive. Most of the original 4% her national claim against us and |&er radius. our envoys released France from her| Forty-nine railroads were ordered | installations are in use they must con. tinue to equip a second division. In spollations of their Vessels and car-|to make such installation. The com- goes—or, as has been sald—"Thé | mission held a hearing in April, 1922, |control devices. So a constant cyel: is maintained, with protection of the turn for a great national advantage.” | of them have been unable to meet the time requirements of the Federal All this work is being done under Chime Lons Exeapcd, orders from the legislative branch tension of time in which to complete act reterring them to the Court of| ¢noir investigations and installations. | directed the Interstate Commerce Clalms, they were persistently pressed Commission to “investigate and re- 2 has been shown. our public life and history. The leg- The big fact and the important fact | for the automatic control of railway islature of every one of the original trains in the United States.” The equipped with safety devices very their payment. - Chief Justice Mar-| 00 7’100 per cent perfect are|dution, Congress in 1907 appropriated ShSiEIAt tne e isald, SExving Shean $50,000 to enable the commission to . out of railroading the human falli- ‘“"‘"“,’:"' “""," "::“" ths k""“";' bility in So far as possible and substi- | Results of the tests and of the arose, he was from s own nowl- bureau of safety of the commission - declared, muke passenger travel on m:";‘r:"’mf‘“:';‘,’j,',‘l:f;“’.""’ sufferers by | 4 ailroads practically 100 per cent|which placed upon the commission e the duty of ordering the carriers to nal pofitical situation end by indi- | > e S | “The railroads have not taken the rection have vitak bearing upon even- | Copores Ine oinjom e ary 20, 1835 | iinovation without @ bit of grum- | In the work the support of the Amer- iean Railway Assoclation was sought iions, (Ccntinued on Third Page.) commisgion orders on the zround that